CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL BIOLOGY: COURSEBOOK

Exam-style questions and sample answers have been written by the authors. In examinations, the way marks are awarded
may be different.

Coursebook answers
Chapter 12
Exam-style questions
The mark schemes, suggested answers and max. This indicates the maximum number of
comments that appear here were written by the marks that can be given.
author(s). In examinations, the way marks would
1 a Lipid has more hydrogen atoms per
be awarded to answers like these may be different.
molecule than does carbohydrate ;
Notes about mark schemes most energy liberated in aerobic
A or accept indicates an alternative acceptable respiration comes from the oxidation
answer. of hydrogen to water ; [2]
R = reject. This indicates a possible answer that b
should be rejected. volume of carbon dioxide given out
; The bold semicolon indicates the award of in unit time
RQ = ;;
1 mark. volume off oxygen taken in in unit time
/ This indicates an alternative answer for the same or
mark. The alternatives may be separated from the
rest of the answer by commas. moles / molecules of carbon dioxide
given in unit time
( ) Text in brackets is not required for the mark. RQ = ;;
molees / molecules of oxygen taken
Underlining This is used to indicate essential in in unit time
word(s) that must be used to get the mark. [2]
AW means ‘alternative wording’. It is used to c
indicate that a different wording is acceptable Respiratory substrate RQ
provided the essential meaning is the same, and is carbohydrate ; 1.0
used where students’ responses are likely to vary lipid ; 0.7
more than usual.
protein ; 0.9
AVP means ‘additional valid point’. This means  [3]
accept any additional points given by the student 17.5 cm 3
that are not in the mark scheme, provided they are d i RQ =
relevant. But accept only as many additional points 25 cm 3
as indicated by the bold semicolons, e.g. AVP ; ; = 0.7 ;  [2]
means award a maximum of 2 extra ii lipid ; [1]
marks.
e C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ;
ORA means ‘or reverse argument’ and is used
when the same idea could be expressed in 6CO2
= 1.0 ;
the reverse way. For example: ‘activity 6H2 O  [2]
increases between pH2 and pH5 ORA’
means accept ‘activity decreases between pH5  [Total: 12]
and pH2’.

1 Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2020

 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL BIOLOGY: COURSEBOOK

2 1 air spaces ; b i increasing the concentration of

2 aerenchyma ; aluminium ions from 0 to 40 µmol
increases rate of fumarate production ;
3 roots ;
increases from 40 to 120 µmol have
4 oxygen ; little effect ; [2]
5 ethanol fermentation ; ii aluminium binds to enzyme / refer to
6 ethanol ; cofactor ;
7 ethanol dehydrogenase ;  [7] optimises shape of active site ; [2]
3 a provide hydrogen to reduce NAD and [Total: 7]
FAD ;
reduced carriers pass to electron transport
chain ;
provide energy for ATP synthesis in
oxidative phosphorylation ;
refer to chemiosmosis ; [max. 3]

2 Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology © Cambridge University Press 2020