Waterres Training Adww 2018 04 Jasonphillips

PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

WATER & WASTEWATER DIVISION
Overview
• Basics of Pressure Management
• Advanced Pressure Management
• City of St. John’s Examples

Pressure Management
Basics
Pressure Management applies to all water distribution
systems regardless of their size. The DOEC
Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Operation
of Water and Sewerage Systems states the following
required water pressures:
• High Elevation in Distribution System – minimum 40 psi
• Low Elevation in Distribution System – maximum 95 psi
• Fire Flow Event – minimum 20 psi in Distribution System
• Sensitive Customer – varies by demand

Pressure Management
Basics
Water pressure is typically maintained within the water
distribution system using pressure control
infrastructure, such as:
• Water Pumping Station

• Water Storage Reservoir
• Pressure Reducing Station

Pressure Basics
Maintain Pressure at Critical Locations

Pressure Basics
Determining Pressure
How do you determine or calculate the available water
pressure within the water distribution system?
• Field Investigation and Testing – record pressures during
different flow events
– Continuously
– Low flow, typically at night
– Peak flow, typically during warmest day combined with largest
consumers
– Fire Flow, can be simulated with fire flow testing
• Hydraulic Grade Line
• Computer Modelling – using specialized hydraulic software

Pressure Basics
Field Monitoring

Pressure Basics
Monitoring
• Example - PRV
Chamber
• Pressure Gauges
• Sensor &
Transmitter

Pressure Basics

Pressure Basics

Pressure Basics
Field Monitoring

Pressure Basics
Hydraulic Grade Line

Pressure Basics
Hydraulic Grade Line – CSJ Example

Pressure Zones
Every water distribution system regardless of size is
comprised of at least one pressure zone.
A pressure zone is a distinct area that is supplied by one or
more pressure control device:
• Water Pumping Station, Pressure Reducing Station,
Water Storage Reservoir

Pressure Zones
The majority of water distribution systems are comprised of
more than one pressure zone.
Pressure zones can have

multiple arrangements:
• single inlet & no outlet
• single inlet & outlet
• multiple inlets & no outlet
• multiple inlets & outlets

Pressure Zones
City of St. John’s
• 3 Water Treatment Plants

• 24 Pressure Zones
• 14 Pressure Reducing
Stations
• 6 Pump Stations
• 6 Storage Reservoirs

Pressure Zones
Each Pressure Zones require distinct boundaries created
by natural “gaps” in the distribution system or closed
valves.

Pressure Zones
CSJ Pressure
Zone Example 1
• 1 Inlet
• 0 Outlet
• 1 Pump Station
• 1 Reservoir

Pressure Zones
CSJ Pressure
Zone Example 2
• Cascading
Style Zone
• 1 Pump Station
• 1 Reservoir
• 3 PRVs
• Inlets & Outlets

Pressure Zones
Management of Pressure Zones
Monitoring of pressure (and flow) should be conducted
regularly.
• Visual inspections of facilities and recording of pressure

• Monitoring systems (SCADA)
• Field monitoring
• Customer feedback

Pressure Zones
Management of Pressure Zones
Preventative Maintenance schedules should be developed
for equipment – pump stations, pressure reducing stations,
valves, etc.
• Equipment should be checked to ensure that it is
operating correctly
• Desired output is being maintained:
– Pressure increase at pump station
– Pressure reduction at PRV station

Advanced Pressure Management
Why Advanced Management?
 During periods of low demand water pressure is

reduced below normal setting.
 Lower water pressure will result in reduced leakage
and reduced water main breaks
 Typically pressure management is completed during
off-peak hours – night time.


All water distribution systems have leakage:
• Watermain breaks or leaks that happen suddenly and
are repaired quickly; or
• Watermain breaks or leaks that occur and they do not
surface immediately or they are not detected. Typicaly
detected and repaired over time; or
• Background leakage – very small leaks that cannot be
detected or are not economical to locate and repair.


Water Loss
Water loss is a dependent upon many factors including the
size of the hole and pressure. We cannot control the size of
the hole but we can control the pressure.
Example:
1/8” hole @ 80 psi = 5 millon litres per year
1/8” hole @ 60 psi = 4.3 millon litres per year
Therefore if we reduce the pressure than we can reduce

the volume of water lost to leaks and ultimately reduce the
total volume of water supplied to the system.

Two Basic Types of Pressure Management
 Time of Day
 Pressure Setting Changed for different times
of the Day
 Flow Modulation
 Pressure Varies with Flow
 Higher Flow = Higher Pressure
 Lower Flow = Lower Pressure



CSJ Example #1

CSJ Example #1

CSJ Example #1

CSJ Example #1

CSJ Example #1
Summary
• Water main break caused significant damage to newly
reconstructed street.
• After water main break occurred – a PRV supplying the
area was determined to be malfunctioning.
• What happened first is unknown – the watermain
break or the PRV malfunction
Recommendation
• After major events – pressure control devices should be
checked to ensure they are operating correctly.

CSJ Example #2

CSJ Example #2

150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
600.00
650.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
10/24/2017 00:00:00
10/24/2017 19:00:00
10/25/2017 14:00:00
10/26/2017 09:00:00
10/27/2017 04:00:00
10/27/2017 23:00:00
10/28/2017 18:00:00
10/29/2017 13:00:00
10/30/2017 08:00:00
10/31/2017 03:00:00
10/31/2017 22:00:00
11/01/2017 17:00:00
11/02/2017 12:00:00
11/03/2017 07:00:00
11/04/2017 02:00:00
11/04/2017 21:00:00
11/05/2017 16:00:00
11/06/2017 11:00:00
11/07/2017 06:00:00
11/08/2017 01:00:00
m3/h
11/08/2017 20:00:00
11/09/2017 15:00:00
11/10/2017 10:00:00
psi
11/11/2017 05:00:00
11/12/2017 00:00:00
11/12/2017 19:00:00
11/13/2017 14:00:00
11/14/2017 09:00:00
CSJ Example #2
11/15/2017 04:00:00

11/15/2017 23:00:00
11/16/2017 18:00:00
11/17/2017 13:00:00
11/18/2017 08:00:00
11/19/2017 03:00:00
11/19/2017 22:00:00
11/20/2017 17:00:00
11/21/2017 12:00:00
11/22/2017 07:00:00
11/23/2017 02:00:00
11/23/2017 21:00:00
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
CSJ Example #2

CSJ Example #2
Summary
• Water main break was leaking a significant volume of
water – open valve did not impact pressures.
• After water main break was repaired – pressures could
not be controlled. Open valve had to located and
closed.
Recommendation
• Location of critical valves (ie closed valves) should be
known and documented.
• All staff should be aware of these valves and locations

CSJ Example #3

CSJ Example #3

CSJ Example #3

CSJ Example #3

CSJ Example #3
Summary
• Water could not pass through domestic PRV due to
restriction in the screens.
• After screens were cleaned, capacity through PRV
returned to normal.
Recommendation
• Preventative maintenance and cleaning of the screens
to be completed on a regular basis.

Thank You


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PRESSURE MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

• Basics of Pressure Management

• Advanced Pressure Management

• City of St. John’s Examples

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

• Water Pumping Station

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Pressure zones can have

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

City of St. John’s

• 3 Water Treatment Plants

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

• Visual inspections of facilities and recording of pressure

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Why Advanced Management?

 During periods of low demand water pressure is

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Therefore if we reduce the pressure than we can reduce

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

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