INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT (ECM506)

DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

-COURSE OUTCOMES-

At the end of the course, the students should be able to:-

a. undertake problem identification, formulation and

solution through analyzing and solving complex
design problem.

b. Use the design standards with consideration of real

world constraint in particular the environmental
responsibilities of professional engineer and matters
related to economic, legislation, lifespan, etc.

09/09/2016 Prepared by Ir. Basir

 DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY
-SCOPE OF WORK-
(Information to be used during
Preliminaries Stage site visit):
• key plan
• location plan
• site plan
• architectural plan
Liaise with local authority :
• SYABAS
• PUAS
• JKR
• BOMBA
• OR RELEVANT AUTHORITY
Write a letter to JBA/PUAS
Design Stage
• enclosed key plan/site plan/location plan
• determine estimated water daily demand
• show proposed tapping off point
• ask existing water pipe; size, types,
pressure head available at proposed
tapping off point, future planning (if any)
Design
• shall meet requirements in the “Guidelines
On External Water Supply System of PUAS”
or other local authority requirement.

Construction Stage • All works shall be accordance as detail

drawings and specification.

Maintenance stage
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
 DESIGN CRITERIA/CONSIDERATION

 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

 SCOPE OF WORK
 AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS
 ESTIMATION OF DAILY WATER DEMAND
 ESTIMATION OF FIRE DEMAND
 LOSSES IN PIPE
 NETWORK ANALYSIS
 PRESSURE HEAD AVAILABLE
 MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VELOCITY
 MAXIMUM & MINIMUM COVER OF PIPE
 GRADIENT OF PIPE
 MATERIALS
 JOINTS
 FITTINGS & SPECIALS
 VALVES
 TYPICAL ROAD & RAILWAY TRACK
CROSSING
 THRUST BLOCKS
 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

B. Types of distribution systems can be classified

into :
 A gravity system
 A direct pump system
 A gravity and pumped combination system

The choice of types of distribution systems depends

on the :
 Topography
 Location
 Site condition
 Elevation
 Extent of the distribution area.
 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

C. Advantages & disadvantages of types of distribution

system

System Advantages Disadvantages

1. Gravity  most reliable
 low operational costs

2. Direct  pressure and flow can  problems

pumped be easily regulated associated with
 remedial action can operation and
be speedily taken maintenance of
pumping systems
3. Pumped  least cost option  problems
& gravity under certain associated with
combination topographical conditions operation and
maintenance of
pumping systems
SCOPE OF WORK
SHCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WATER SUPPLY
TYPES OF RESERVOIRS & STORAGE TANKS
 TYPES OF RESERVOIRS & STORAGE TANKS

The types of reservoirs and storage tanks are:

 Reinforced concrete (R.C)
 Prestressed concrete
 Galvanized pressed steel
 Fibreglass reinforced polyester
 Steel fused with glass

Factors to be considered in selecting the types of

reservoirs for a distribution system are :
 Capital cost
 Cost of maintenance
 Topography
 Life expectancy
MATERIALS
 MATERIALS

A. PIPE MATERIAL
The commonly used types of pipes are listed below:
 Cast iron (C.I)
 Ductile iron (D.I)
 Asbestos cement (A.C)
 Mild steel (M.S)
 High density polyethylene (HDPE)
 Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)
 Glassfibre reinforced plastics (GRP)

Factors to be considered in the selection of type of pipe :

 Working & test pressures
 Strength of pipe to withstand designed internal & external
loads
 Durability of the pipe
 Suitability and workability for laying and operating
requirements
 Capital, operation and maintenance costs
 Extent of possible leakage.
JOINTS
 JOINTS

Type of joints which are commonly

available for pipes and specials are :
 Flanged joints
 Welded joint
 Gibault joint
 Flexible mechanical coupling (viking
johnson coupling)
 Butt fusion
 Sleeve coupling
 Push on spigot and socket
 Single gland – mechanical joint
 Stepped coupling
FITTINGS & SPECIALS
 FITTINGS & SPECIALS

The commonly used types of

fittings and specials are listed
below:
 Tapers
 Flange adaptors
 Bends
 Tees
 Angle branches and crosses
 Puddle flanges
 Bellmouth
 Rose strainer
 Blank flanges
VALVES
 VALVES

The functions of valves is to isolate, start or

regulate water flow in a water distribution system.
The commonly used valves are :
 Sluice valves
 Scour valves
 Air valves
 Butterfly valves
 Reflux valves
 Ball or float valves
 Altitude valves
 Pressure reducing valves
 Pressure sustaining valves
 Constant flow valves
 Hydrants
 THRUST BLOCKS
 Thrust forces in water mains are created when the
Pipeline changes direction (at bends and tees),
Stops (at dead ends), or changes in size (tapers).
 Pipelines having welded and butt fusion joints can
be allowed to withstand part of the thrust forces.
 In such cases, the thrust block shall be designed
to resist only half of the thrust forces as obtained
from Table 14.21.
 In all other pipelines, the block shall be designed
to fully withstand the calculated thrust forces.
AUTHORITY REQUIREMENT
LETTER TO JBA (EXAMPLE)
LETTER TO JBA (EXAMPLE)
PRESSURE HEAD AVAILABLE AT TAPPING OFF POINT (EXAMPLE)
ESTIMATION DAILY WATER DEMAND
 ESTIMATION OF DOMESTIC & FIRE DEMAND

All distribution/reticulation network pipes, shall be

designed to meet :
 Peak demand requirement (Domestic)
 Fire demand requirement

Estimation of daily water demand requirement should

be based from Jadual 1 of “Guidelines On External
Water Supply System of PUAS”.

Estimation of fire demand requirement should be based

from Jadual 14.18
 Dominant Flow
1 WATER RETICULATION WATER SUPPLY

Critical Scenario
Consideration

1
Case 1 (Fire Flow) : Average Flow + Fire Flow

Case 2 (Peak Flow) : Average Flow x Peak Factor

Consider Dominant Flow for water reticulation analysis

Example :

Case 1 : (19,175.50 CuM/day x 1000/24/3600 ) + 2 (22.5 lit/sec) =

267 lit/sec

Case 2 : (19,175.50 CuM/day x 1000/24/3600) x 2.5 = 555 lit/sec

Hence,

Peak Flow condition is dominant

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JADUAL 1 : ESTIMATION OF DAILY WATER DEMAND
 3 DESIGN GUIDELINES WATER SUPPLY

Typical Design Criteria

• Water Storage Minimum ; 1-day

Maximum ; 3-day
Suction Tank ; 1/3 x Demand
Service Tank ; 2/3 x Demand

Service
Tank

Suction
Tank

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ESTIMATION OF FIRE DEMAND
FIRE DEMAND
FIRE DEMAND FROM BOMBA
LOSSES IN PIPE
 LOSSES ANALYSIS IN PIPE

Losses in distribution/network pipe can be

divided into :

 Major losses – friction losses along a

pipeline.
 Minor losses – due to valves and fittings
NETWORK ANALYSIS
NETWORK ANALYSIS (MAJOR LOSSES)
NETWORK ANALYSIS – MINOR LOSSES
ALLOWABLE PRESSURE HEAD
ALLOWABLE PRESSURE HEAD AT EACH NODE (PUAS BERHAD)
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM VELOCITY
 3 DESIGN GUIDELINES WATER SUPPLY

Typical Design Criteria

• Pumping
System Velocity ≤ 1.0 m/sec
Max head ; Pump curves

• Reticulation Head loss ≤ 2m / km

Pipelines Minimum Velocity = 0.6 m/sec
Maximum Velocity = 2.6 m/sec
Residual Pressure ≥ 7.5m
above HSL
Hydrants Pressure ≥ 1.0 bar
• Minimum
pressure in a 5 psi (0.35 bar)
system

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 MAXIMUM & MINIMUM COVER OF PIPE
WATER DESIGN -EXAMPLE