UPPCS Pre 2020 Indian Economy

Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk
fo"k;&lwph
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lkekftd eqnzkLQhfr 24

fodkl lk[k fu;a=.k dh fof/k;k° 25
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds egŸoiw.kZ Hkkjr izfrHkwfr&eqnz.k ,oa fLkDdksa dk
vk;ke 3 mRiknu 27
D;k gS uhfr vk;ksx\ 4 lwpdkad ds ukeksa esa ifjorZu 29
uhfr vk;ksx @75 ,d u;s Hkkjr ds fy, dj 30
dk;Zuhfr 5 oLrq ,oa lsok dj 31
jk"V™h; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh uhfr&2011 11 th,lVh ykWVjh 32
jk"V™h; fofuekZ.k uhfr&2011 12 Lej.kh; rF; 32
fotu U;w ba fM;k 2022 13 ctV
mŸkj izns'k bysDV™kWfuDl fofuekZ.k dsUnzh; ctV 2020&21 dk lkjka'k 36

uhfr&2017 13 Lej.kh; rF; 42
ijh{kksi;ksxh fof'k"V rF; mŸkj izns'k ctV (2020&21) 44
jk"V™h; vk; 17 vk;&O;;d 2020&21 47
jk"V™h; vk; ls lacaf/kr egŸoiw.kZ foxr o"kks± (2009&2018)esa iwNs x, iz'u
rF; 22
jk"V™h; vk; ds vkdyu ls lacaf/kr
egŸoiw.kZ laLFkku 23
u;s la'kks/ku 23
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lkekftd fodkl
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds egŸoiw.kZ vk;ke

•• Hkkjr esa izfr O;fDr vk; dk fdruk vuqeku nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth us fd;k Fkk\ & 20 :@Ok"kZ (1867&68)
•• Lora=krk dh iwoZ laè;k ij vFkkZr~ 1944&46 osQ eè; dqy jk"Vªh; rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; fdruh Fkh\ & Øe'k% 4931 djksM+
rFkk 204 #i;s
•• egkyokM+h O;oLFkk dk izFke izLrkod dkSu Fkk\ & gkYV eSosaQth (1822)
•• ^Mkdw jkT;* miek fdl dky[k.M dks iznku dh xbZ\ & 1765 & 72 bZ- (caxky esa) osQ dky dks] osQ- ,e- if.kDdj }kjk
•• vkSifuosf'kd vFkZO;oLFkk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ & fdlh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk nwljs ns'k }kjk 'kkflr gksukA
•• vaxzstksa us fdl izdkj dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk Hkkjr esa vfèkjksfir dh Fkh\ & v¼Z& lkeUroknh O;oLFkk (Semi-Feudal
Economy) vFkkZr~ blesa ljdkj o lkeUr nksuksa osQ ikl vfèkdkj FksA
•• ^gekjh iz.kkyh ,d ,sls Liat osQ :i esa dke djrh gS tks xaxk osQ fdukjksa ls izR;sd vPNh oLrq ys ysrh gS] fiQj VsEl osQ
fdukjs ij fupksM+ nsrh gSA* ;g oDrO; fdlus fn;k Fkk\ & tkWu lqyfou
•• mÙkjh Hkkjr esa Hkwfe dj O;oLFkk dk izorZd fdls ekuk tkrk gS\ & ekfVZu cMZ
•• egkyokM+h Hkw&èkkj.k iz.kkyh loZizFke dgk¡ vkSj fdlosQ }kjk ykxw dh x;h Fkh\ & 1833 esa ykMZ fofy;e cSafVd }kjk vkxjk
,oa voèk esa ykxw dh x;hA
•• caxky dk lokZfèkd Hkh"k.k ,oa lagkjd vdky dk o"kZ dkSu&lk Fkk\ & 1943
•• xfrghu fodkl ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ & og vFkZO;oLFkk] ftlesa okLrfod jk"Vªh; o izfr O;fDr vk; izk;% fLFkj jgrh gSA
•• fczVsu dh vkS|ksfxd rFkk okf.kfT;d uhfr;k¡ vkSifuosf'kd Hkkjr esa fdl izdkj dh Fkha\ & iwjd vFkZO;oLFkk (complementary
economy) vFkkZr~ Hkkjr] baXyS.M dh iwjd vFkZO;oLFkk dk LFkku xzg.k dj ysA
•• vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ nkSjku jk"Vªh; vk; dk vkdyu djus okyk izFke Hkkjrh; dkSu Fkk\ & nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth (bUgksaus
viuh iqLrd 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' esa vius èku osQ fu"dklu fl¼kUr (Drain of wealth theory) dks
izfrikfnr fd;k)A
•• vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ nkSjku Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk fd;s x;s jk"Vªh; vk; rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; osQ vkdyuksa esa lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
fdls ekuk x;k gS\ & MkW- oh-osQ-vkj-oh- jko osQ vkdyu dks
•• ^n yS.M flLVe vkWIkQ fczfV'k bafM;k* fdl fo}ku dh mi;ksxh Ñfr gS\ & ch-,p-csMsu ikosy
•• nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth us èku fu"dklu dks dkSu&lh laKk iznku dh Fkh\ & vfu"Vksa dk vfu"V (Evil of all Evils)
•• fo'o esa loZizFke vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr dgk¡ gqbZ Fkh\ & baXyS.M esa
•• Hkkjr esa vkèkqfud m|ksx dk izkjEHk fdlosQ }kjk vkSj dkSu&lh fey LFkkiuk osQ lkFk ekuk tkrk gS\ & 1854 esa] lh- ,u- <scj
}kjk eqEcbZ esa lwrh fey dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFkA
Hkkjr esa loZizFke m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk
m|ksx LFkkiuk o"kZ LFkku
lwrh oL=k 1818 iQksVZ XyksLVj (dksydkrk)
dkxt 1832 Jhjkeiqj (if'pe caxky)
phuh m|ksx 1840 csfr;k (fcgkj)
lhesUV 1904 psUubZ
DELHI (H.O.): 629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 011-27658013, 7042772062/63 3 GS World
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
m|ksx LFkkiuk o"kZ LFkku

twV 1859 fj'kjk (if'pe caxky)
yksgk&bLikr 1870 oqQYVh (if'pe caxky)
mQuh oL=k 1876 dkuiqj
Ñf=ke js'kk js;kWu 1920 =kko.kdksj (osQjy)
,Y;qfefu;e 1937 ts-osQ-uxj
•• Hkkjr esa igyh ckj jsyos dk izkjEHk dc] dgk¡ vkSj fdlosQ }kjk fd;k x;k\ & 16 vizSy] 1853 esa cEcbZ ls Bk.ks osQ chp
ykMZ MygkSth osQ dky esaA
•• lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx (P.W.D) dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ Fkh\ & 1854 (MygkSth)
•• Hkkjr esa Mkd ,oa rkj foHkkx dh LFkkiuk fdlosQ dky esa gqbZ Fkh\ & ykMZ MygkSth (1848&56 bZ-)
•• tukafddh; laØe.k osQ izFke ls f}rh; lksiku dh vksj laØe.k dk foHkktd o"kZ dkSu&lk o"kZ ekuk tkrk gS\ & 1921
•• Hkkjr esa vkèkkfjd lajpuk fodkl dh uhfr;ksa ls vaxzst viuk dkSu&lk mís'; iwjk djuk pkgrs Fks\ & vkSifuosf'kd fgrksa dk
laj{k.k ,oa laoèkZuA
•• mRiknu o`f¼] izkfofèkd rFkk laLFkkxr 5 ifjorZu fdlosQ |ksrd gSa\ & vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
•• vkfFkZd lao`f¼ osQ ekid gSa& G.D.P, G.N.P ,oa izfr O;fDr vk;
•• fdlh ns'k dh vkfFkZd lao`f¼ dk lcls mi;qDr ekinaM gS & izfr O;fDr okLrfod vk;
•• vkfFkZd lao`f¼ rFkk fodkl fdl izdkj dh voèkkj.kk gS\ & Øe'k% oLrqfUk"B ,oa O;fDrfu"B (objective & subjective)A
•• vkfFkZd fodkl dk ekiu fdlls fd;k tkrk gS\ & thou dh xq.koÙkk dks izHkkfor djus okys vusd pjksa ls cus lwpdkad }kjkA
•• lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl osQ ekiu dk ekud lwpdkad] jk"Vªh; Lke`f¼ lwpdkad (NPI) dks ekuk tkrk gSA blosQ rhu ?kVd
gSa ;Fkk& G.D.P. dh o`f¼ nj] thou dh xq.koÙkk eas lqèkkj (eq[;r% xjhch js[kk osQ uhps osQ yksxksa dk) vkSj viuh
lkaLÑfrd fojklr ij vkèkkfjr ewY; iz.kkyh dk thou osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa iz;ksx djukA
•• Hkkjrh; ewy osQ ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk vFkZ'kkL=kh izks- veR;Z lsu vkfFkZd fodkl dks fdl :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSa\ &
vfèkdkfjrk (Entitlement) rFkk {kerk (capabilities) osQ foLrkj osQ :Ik esaA
•• izks- lsu dh n`f"V esa vfèkdkfjrk rFkk {kerk dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\ & thou iks"k.k] vkRe&lEeku rFkk Lora=krk
•• thou dh HkkSfrd xq.koÙkk lwpdkad dk vfèkdre rFkk U;wure ewY; fdruk gksrk gS\ & Øe'k% 100 rFkk 1 gksrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa fu;kstu dh vko';drk osQ lanHkZ esa ,d iqLrd 'Planned Economy for India' (Hkkjr osQ fy, fu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk)
lu~ 1934 esa izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh] bl iqLrd osQ ys[kd ^lj ,e- fo'os'ojS;k FksA*
•• Hkkjr esa fu;kstu dh vko';drk o lEHkkouk ij fopkj djus osQ fy, Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl osQ gfjiqjk vfèkos'ku (1938) esa
loZizFke ,d ^jk"Vªh; fu;kstu lfefr* dk xBu fd;k x;k Fkk] îa- tokgjyky usg: bl lfefr osQ vè;{k FksA*
•• eqEcbZ osQ vkB izeq[k m|ksxifr;ksa }kjk 1944 esa vnsZf'kj nyky dh ns[k&js[k esa ,d ;kstuk izLrqr dh xbZ] tks ^ckWEcs Iyku*
dgykrh gS] blosQ iwoZ 1943 esa gh JheUukjk;.k ukjk;.k }kjk ^xkaèkhoknh ;kstuk*] 1945 esa Jfed usrk ,e- ,u- jk; }kjk
^tu ;kstuk* (People's plan) rFkk 1950 esa t;izdk'k ukjk;.k }kjk ^loksZn; ;kstuk* izLrqr dh xbZA
•• Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk fdl vofèk esa fgUnw o`f¼ nj osQ vojksèk dks ikj dj xbZ Fkh\ & 1980&81 ls 1996&97 osQ chp]
tcfd jk"Vªh; vkSlr okf"kZd o`f¼ nj 5-5» vkSj izfr O;fDr vk; o`f¼ nj 3-3» FkhA
D;k gS uhfr vk;ksx\

uhfr vk;ksx (us'kuy baLVhV~;wV iQkWj VªkaliQkWfeZax bafM;k) ia- tokgjyky usg:
osQ ;qx esa 'kq: fd, x, ;kstuk vk;ksx dk çfrLFkkiu gSA usg: dky esa 'kq: fd, x,
;kstuk vk;ksx us Hkkjr osQ iapo"khZ; fodkl dh ;kstuk dks dbZ lkyksa rd ykxw fd;kA
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 30 lky osQ ckn iw.kZ cgqer osQ lkFk lÙkk esa vkbZ Hkktik ljdkj us o"kks±
iqjkus ;kstuk vk;ksx dk uke cnydj uhfr vk;ksx j[k fn;k gS] lkFk gh bl vk;ksx dh
GS World 4 DELHI (H.O.): 629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-9 | Ph.: 011-27658013, 7042772062/63
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
dk;Zç.kkyh esa Hkh ,d cM+s Lrj ij cnyko fd;k x;k gSA bl ubZ laLFkk dks fFkad&VSad osQ :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA bl vk;ksx
dk çkFkfed dk;Z lkekftd o vkfFkZd eqíksa ij ljdkj dks lykg nsuk dk gS] rkfd ljdkj ,slh ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k djs tks yksxksa
osQ fgr esa gksA
uhfr vk;ksx fdl çdkj ;kstuk vk;ksx ls fHkUu gS % uhfr vk;ksx us yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ fy, uhfr cukus osQ fy,
foosQUæhdj.k (lgdkjh la?kokn) dks 'kkfey fd;k gSA blosQ vkèkkj ij osaQæ osQ lkFk jkT; Hkh ;kstukvksa dks cukus esa viuh jk; j[k
losaQxsA blosQ varxZr ;kstuk fupys Lrj ij fLFkr bdkb;ksa tSls xk¡o] ftys] jkT;] osaQæ osQ lkFk vkilh ckrphr osQ ckn rS;kj dh
tk,xhA bldk mís'; tehuh gdhdr osQ vkèkkj ij ;kstuk cukuk gksxkA
u, uhfr vk;ksx esa dkSu] fdl in ij
vè;{k & ujsUæ eksnh (ç/kuea=kh)
xofuZax dkmafly & eq[;ea=kh (jkT;ksa osQ) vkSj ysfÝVusaV xouZj (la?k 'kkflr {ks=kksa osQ)
{ks=kh; ifj"kn~ & t:jr osQ vkèkkj ij xfBr] eq[;ea=kh o {ks=k osQ ysfÝVusaV xouZj dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
lnL; & iw.kZdkfyd vkèkkj ij
va'kdkfyd lnL; & vfèkdre 2] jksVs'kuy çklafxd laLFkkuksa lsA
insu lnL; & eaf=k;ksa dh ifj"kn~ ls vfèkdre 4] çèkkuea=kh }kjk ukferA
lhbZvks & fuf'pr vofèk osQ fy, çèkkuea=kh }kjk fu;qDrA
uhfr vk;ksx @75 ,d u;s Hkkjr ds fy, dk;Zuhfr

uhfr vk;ksx us u;s Hkkjr osQ fy, viuh O;kid jk"Vªh; j.kuhfr @75 nLrkost osQ ekè;e ls çLrqr fd;k gSA blesa 2022&23
rd 41 egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa dk foLr`r fooj.k çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ;g nLrkost uhfr vk;ksx dk ,d n`f"V i=k gS] ftlosQ ekè;e ls
Hkkoh 5 o"kks± esa fofHkUu mís';ksa dks çkIr djuk gSA bls ^Startegy for new India @75* dk uke fn;k x;k gS] ftls ^vfHkuo
Hkkjr 2023* dgk tk ldrk gSA
Hkkjrh; fFakd VSad uhfr vk;ksx us 2018&2023 dk fotu is'k fd;k gS] blosQ ekè;e ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks 2023
rd 4 Trillion$ rd cukus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
bl nLrkost osQ 41 vè;k; dks 4 [kaMksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
pkyd cqfu;knh <k¡pk lekos'k xous±l
&bleas jsy fodkl çkf/dj.k &blosQ ekè;e ls lHkh &vafre [kaM xous±l ls tqM+k
dh LFkkiuk esa rsth dh ckr ukxfjdkas dh {kerk dks c<+kus gqvk gS ftlesa fodkl dks
dgh xbZ gS] tks jsyos {ks=k dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA csgrj <ax ls lqfuf'pr djus
dks ikjn'khZ cukus esa enn &cqfu;knh lqfo/k,¡ tSls& osQ fy, xous±l dks 'kkfey
&2018&23 osQ chp GDP dks djsxkA LokLF;] f'k{kk] Hkkstu] diM+k fd;k x;k gSA
8» rd c<+kus dk y{; j[kk &rVh; tgktjkuh vkSj vkfn çkIr u dj ikus okys
x;k gSA varnZs'kh; tyekxks± ls gksus t:jrean yksxkas dks lqfo/k,¡
okyh eky <qykbZ ls Hkh iznku dh tk,axhA
O;kikj dks nks xq.kk djus dk
y{; j[kk x;k gSA
&ok;fcfyVh xSi iaQfMax ftls -PM tu vkjksX; ;kstuk osQ &LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku dks
cqfu;knh <k¡pk iwjk u gksus ij lkFk vk;q"eku ;kstuk dks c<+kok nsus dk y{; j[kk
&fuos'k nj dks 2023 rd iznku dh tk,xh] tks PPP liQy cukus gsrq vko';d x;k gSA
36» djus dk mís'; ekWMy dk gh ,d izdkj gSA dne mBk, tk,axsA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
pkyd cqfu;knh <k¡pk lekos'k xous±l

&bleas lesfdr f'k{kk [k.M
&fdlkukas dh vk; dks nksxquk dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS
djus dk y{; nksgjk;k gSA vkSj 2020 rd 1000 vVy
&xzke iapk;rkas dks fMf”kVy &PPP ekWMy osQ rgr futhdj.k fVadfjax ySc dh la[;k eas
djus dk mís'; j[kk x;k gSA dks c<+ k ok fn;k tkrk gS A c<+ksÙkjh dk y{; fu/kZfjr
&Ñf"k eas c<+kÙs kjh osQ fy, feV~Vh ftleas dqN iSlk ljdkj nsrh fd;k x;k gS] rkfd LowQyh
dh xq.koÙkk eas lq/kj vkSj gS vkSj dqN iSlk futh laLFkkukas f'k{kk osQ lkFk dkS'kyhÑr
jks”kxkj dkuwu eas c<+ksÙkjh gsrq }kjk yxk;k tkrk gSA oSKkfud f'k{kk eas lq/kj fd;k
Je dkuwukas eas lq/kj ij cy tk losQA bysDVªkWfud jk"Vªh;
fn;k x;k gSA 'kSf{kd jftLVªj cukus dk y{;
j[kk x;k gSA
•• Hkkjr esa ;kstuk vk;ksx dk l`tu fd;k x;k Fkk& eaf=ke.My osQ ,d izLrko }kjk (15 ekpZ] 1950 dks)
•• jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn~ dk xBu dc fd;k x;k Fkk\ & 6 vxLr] 1952 esa
•• fiNM+s ns'kksa osQ fy, ^jksfyax Iyku* dk lq>ko fdlosQ }kjk fn;k x;k Fkk\ & xqUukj feMZy }kjk
•• fdlus jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn~ dks ,d loksZPp eaf=kifj"kn~ dh laKk iznku dh\ & Jh osQ- lUFkkue
•• dkSu&lh laLFkk lgdkjh la?kokn dk loksZÙke mnkgj.k Fkh\ & jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn~
•• ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk rS;kj fdlh ;kstuk osQ izLrkfor izk:i dks vfUre :i ls dkSu&lh laLFkk LohÑr djrh Fkh\ & jk"Vªh;
fodkl ifj"kn~ (NDC)
•• Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk gSjksM&Mksej ekWMy ij vkèkkfjr Fkh\ & izFke ;kstuk (1951&56)
•• ^vkRefuHkZj ,oa Lor%LiwQrZ vFkZO;oLFkk* dk eq[; mís'; fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa j[kk x;k Fkk\ & rhljh ;kstuk esa
•• ^Hkkstu] dke vkSj mRiknu* dk ukjk fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dk Fkk\ & lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk
•• Hkkjr dh fdl ;kstuk dks ^Ñf"k ,oa flapkbZ ;kstuk* dh laKk iznku dh xbZ Fkh\ & izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dks
•• rhu o"khZ; ;kstuk vodk'k fdu iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQ eè; vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk\ & rhljh rFkk pkSFkh iapo"khZ;
;kstukvksa osQ eè;A
•• fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa dqy ifjO;; dk lokZfèkd Hkkx Ñf"k ij O;; fd;k x;k\ & izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (31-0 izfr'kr)
•• fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa dqy ifjO;; dk lokZfèkd O;; mQtkZ fodkl ij fd;k x;k\ & lkroha ;kstuk esa (28-0»)
y{; ls de o`f¼ nj dher ij
;kstuk izkfIr nj y{;
nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 4-21» 4-5»
rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 2-7» 5-6»
pkSFkh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 3-2» 5-7»
ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 5-50» 6-5»
nl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 7-74» 7-9»
X;kjg iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 8-2» 9-2»
ckjg iapo"khZ; ;kstuk && 8-5»
y{; ls vfèkd o`f¼ nj izkIr djus okyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a

;kstuk izkfIr nj y{;
vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 6-6» 5-6»
lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 5-80» 5-0»
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
y{; ls vfèkd o`f¼ nj izkIr djus okyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a

NBh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 5-40» 5-2»
ik¡poha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 4-80» 4-4»
izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 3-6» 2-1»
•• vuojr ;kstuk dks Hkkjr esa ykxw djus dk Js; fdls izkIr gS\ & izks- Mh-Vh- ydM+okyk
•• vuojr ;kstuk osQ nkSjku fdl uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k Fkk\ & xkaèkhoknh uhfr dkA
•• xjhch fuokj.k dh izkFkfedrk ;|fi ik¡poha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa gh iznku dj nh xbZ Fkh] rFkkfi Hkkjr esa xjhch mUewyu osQ
fy, ^xjhch gVkvks* dk ukjk Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh }kjk NBha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa fn;k x;k FkkA blosQ vykok] jkstxkj osQ fy,
êkud O;fDr o"kZ* (Standard Person Year) dks Hkh NBha ;kstuk esa viuk;k x;k vFkkZr~ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr 8 ?kaVs izfrfnu osQ
fglkc ls 273 fnu rd dk;Z esa fu;ksftr gS] rks mls ekud O;fDr o"kZ dh n`f"V ls jkstxkj ;qDr dgsaxsA
•• fodkl osQUnz mikxe dk izkjEHk pkSFkh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa {ks=kh; fo"kerk dks nwj djus osQ mís'; ls fd;k x;k FkkA fdUrq bl ij
fo'ks"k cy ik¡poha ;kstuk esa fn;k x;kA è;krO; gS fd fodkl osQUnz mikxe osQ vUrxZr leL;k vkèkkfjr dk;ZØe] lalkèku
vkèkkfjr ;kstuk] izksRlkgu n`f"Vdks.k] O;kid {ks=k rFkk yf{kr lewg mikxe vkfn ?kVd lekfgr fd;s x;s gSaA
•• vkns'kkRed ;kstuk esa vkns"Vk lksiku cktkj ra=k dk LFkku iwjh rjg ls ys ysrk gS] tcfd funsZ'kkRed ;kstuk esa mls
cktkj iz.kkyh osQ dk;Zdj.k dks lqèkkjus dk osQoy ,d lkèku ekuk tkrk gSA
•• f}rh; iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa tgk¡ Hkkjh m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk ij cy fn;k x;k] ogha r`rh; ;kstuk esa vkS|ksxhdj.k dh j.kuhfr osQ
:i esa vk;kr&izfrLFkkiu dh voèkkj.kk dks izkjEHk fd;k x;kA
•• ^vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fu;kstu* dk mYys[k lafoèkku dh lkroha vuqlwph dh leorhZ&lwph esa fd;k x;k gSA
•• vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dks ekuo fodkl osQ lkjs fodkl iz;klksa dk lkj rÙo ekuk tkrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa Lo;aiksf"kr fodkl dk mís'; loZizFke prqFkZ iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa viuk;k x;k FkkA rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa [kk|kuksa
osQ {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZjrk dk y{; viuk;k x;kA
•• ckjgoha ;kstuk esa lkekftd lsokvksa ij O;; esa i;kZIr o`f¼ gqbZ gS] blesa fdl {ks=k ij lokZfèkd O;; dk izkoèkku gS\ & f'k{kk
{ks=k vkSj mlosQ ckn LokLF; ijA
•• ljdkj osQ lekosf'kr o`f¼ y{; dks vkxs ys tkus esa Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa] lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|eksa dks izksRlkgu izR;{k
:i ls rFkk f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e dks ykxw djkuk vizR;{k :i ls lgk;d lkfcr gks ldrs gSaA
•• vkfFkZd fodkl lkekU;r;k eqnzkLiQhfr (Inflation) osQ lkFk ;qfXer gksrk gS D;ksafd vkfFkZd fodkl ls oLrqvksa dh ek¡x c<+rh
gS vkSj vk; esa Hkh o`f¼ gksrh gSA
•• ykWjsat oØ rFkk fxuh xq.kkad dks dc vkSj fdlus fodflr fd;k Fkk\ & Øe'k% eSDl vks ykjsUt (1905) rFkk dksjsMks
fxuh (1912) usA
•• vk; osQ forj.k dh fo"kerk dh eki dh lokZfèkd izpfyr fofèk dkSu&lh gS\ & fxuh xq.kka d_ ;g vk; osQ izR;sd ;qXe osQ
chp vk; vUrj dh eki djrh gSA
•• ;kstuk vk;ksx us ns'k esa fuèkZurk dh eki osQ fy, izks- Mh-Vh- ydM+okyk dh vè;{krk esa fo'ks"kK ny dh fu;qfDr dc dh
Fkh\ & 1989 esa] lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ 1993 esa izLrqr dh FkhA
•• xjhch osQ vkdyu osQ fy, xfBr vtZqu lsu xqIrk desVh us Hkkjr esa fdrus izfr'kr yksxksa dks xjhc crk;k gS\ & 77»
xjhch ekiu dh dqN vo/kkj.kk,°
•• xjhch js[kk (Poverty Line) % xjhch js[kk vk; ;k miHkksx O;; dk Lrj gS] tks vius lHkh ukxfjdksa osQ fy, lekt esa jgus
dk U;wure Lrj fn[kkus osQ fy, okaNuh; ekuh tkrh gSA ;g U;wure Lrj fujis{k ;k lkis{k lanHkks± esa ifjHkkf"kr dh tk ldrh
gSA fujis{k xjhch js[kk izk;% vk; osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dh tkrh gSA ;g izfr O;fDr osQ fy, U;wure mQtkZ ;k oSQyksjh dh
vko';drk osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr dh tkrh gSA
•• gsM dkmaV jsf'k;ks (Head Count Ratio- HCR) % ;g lekt osQ yksxksa dk og vuqikr ;k izfr'kr gS] ftudh vk; ;k [kpZ
xjhch js[kk osQ uhps jgrh gSA xjhch ekiu osQ fy, bl fofèk dk lcls vfèkd bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• xjhch varjky (Poverty Gap-PG) % xjhch varjky laosQrd (Poverty Gap Indicator) fo'o cSad fodkl vuqlaèkku lewg
}kjk fufeZr fd;k x;k gSA blesa yksxksa dh izfr O;fDr vk;@miHkksx dh lwpukvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, xjhch dh eki dh tkrh
gSA xjhch dk ekiu O;fDr;ksa }kjk 1-25 MkWyj izfrfnu ls uhps ;k mQij jgus ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
•• ykW jsat oØ % ;g vk; lap;h izfr'kr vkSj tula[;k osQ lap;h izfr'kr osQ chp osQ lacaèkksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA ;fn lHkh
dh izkIr vk; fgLls esa cjkcj jgs vFkkZr~ 10 izfr'kr yksxksa osQ ikl 10 izfr'kr fgLlk gks] rks gesa ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk ykWjsat
oØ izkIr gksxk] ftls ^fujsi{k lerk js[kk* dgrs gSaA ;fn fujis{k vk; esa lekurk gksxh] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ykWjsat oØ 45ú js[kk
okyk gksxkA
•• okLrfod vkadM+ksa ij vkèkkfjr ykWjsat oØ bl fujis{k lerk js[kk ls ftruk nwj gksxk] yksxksa osQ chp vlekurk mruh gh vfèkd
gksxhA ogha ykW jsat oØ ftruk vfèkd fujis{k lerk js[kk osQ ikl gksxk] vk; vlekurk mruh gh de gksxhA
•• fxuh xq.kkad fofèk % ;g fofèk lkis{k fuèkZurk eki dh nwljh fofèk gSA fxuh xq.kkad dk iz;ksx vk; ;k laifÙk dh vlekurk dh
eki osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA fxuh xq.kkad] ykW jsat oØ vkSj 45ú js[kk (fujis{k lerk js[kk) osQ chp dk {ks=kiQy n'kkZrk gSA fxuh
xq.kkad dk ewY; 0 ls 1 osQ chp gksrk gSA bldk ewY; 1 osQ cjkcj ml le; gksrk gS] tc fujis{k vlekurk dh fLFkfr gksrh gS]
ogha 'kwU; osQ cjkcj ewY; fujis{k lekurk dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gSA fxuh xq.kkad dk eku vkerkSj ij 0-3 ls 0-7 osQ chp gksrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa vehj o xjhc nksuksa gh oqQiksf"kr gSaA vehj iQkLV iQwM o tad iwQM osQ lsou ls rFkk xjhc vYi oSQyksjh osQ Hkkstu
xzg.k djus osQ dkj.k dqiks"k.k osQ f'kdkj gSaA
iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa m|ksx {ks=k dh o`f¼ nj
;kstuk m|ksx {ks=k dh o`f¼ (») esa ;kstuk m|ksx {ks=k dh o`f¼ (») esa
igyh ;kstuk 5-54 lkroha ;kstuk 6-77
nwljh ;kstuk 5-59 nks okf"kZd ;kstuk,¡ 0-10
rhljh ;kstuk 6-28 vkBoha ;kstuk 7-58
rhu okf"kZd ;kstuk,a 1-42 ukSoha ;kstuk 4-29
pkSFkh ;kstuk 4-91 nloha ;kstuk 9-17
ikapoh ;kstuk 6-55 11oha ;kstuk 7-3 (y{; 10-5)
NBoha ;kstuk 5-32 12oha ;kstuk 9-6 (n`f"Vdks.k i=k esa)
•• f}rh; iapo"khZ; ;kstuk fdl ekWMy ij vkèkkfjr Fkh\ & egkyuksfcl ekWMy
•• flanjh iQfVZykbtlZ] fprjatu yksdkseksfVOl] bafM;u VsyhiQksu baMLVªht] bUVhxzy dksp iQSDVªh rFkk osQcy iQSDVªh dh LFkkiuk fdl
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa gqbZ Fkh\ & izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk
•• fHkykbZ] jkmjosQyk rFkk nqxkZiqj bLikr la;a=k dh LFkkiuk fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa gqbZ Fkh\ & nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk
•• lkoZtfud miØeksa dks uojRu rFkk feuhjRu Js.kh esa foHkDr djus dh voèkkj.kk fdl iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa 'kq: gqbZ\ & ukSoha
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk
•• vkS|ksxhdj.k dh izfØ;k rhoz gksus ij vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fdl {ks=k dk va'k de gksrk tkrk gS\ & Ñf"k {ks=k dk
•• Lora=kksijkUr izFke vkS|ksfxd uhfr dc cuh\ & 1948 esa
•• fdl vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa y?kq {ks=k dks rhu oxks± esa j[kk x;k\ & vkS|ksfxd uhfr&1977
•• y?kq m|ksxksa dh mi;ksxh Hkwfedk ij egÙoiw.kZ ,oa pfpZr iqLrd 'Small is beautiful' fdldh Ñfr gS\ & bZ- ,iQ- 'kwekdj
•• ljdkj }kjk egkjRu ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dc dh xbZ Fkh\ & fnlEcj] 2009
•• vkS|ksfxd LFkkuhdj.k osQ lEcUèk esa Û;wure ifjogu ykxr fl¼kUr* dk izfriknu fdlus fd;k Fkk\ & vYizsQM oscj (teZu)
•• orZeku esa fo'o bLikr m|ksx esa mRiknu dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr dk dkSUk&lk LFkku gS\ & pkSFkk (phu] vkWLVªsfy;k o czkthy
osQ ckn)
•• Kku vkèkkfjr m|ksx dh miek fdls iznku dh tkrh gS\ & lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dks
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• Hkkjr esa nqxkZiqj bLikr la;a=k dh LFkkiuk fdlosQ lg;ksx ls gqbZ FkhA\ & fczVsu (if'pe caxky esa 1955 esa)
•• js.kqowQV esa LFkkfir fgaMkYdks ,Y;qfefu;e dkj[kkuk fdlosQ lg;ksx ls LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk\ & la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
vkS|ksfxd {ks= esa dqN egŸoiw.kZ rF;
•• lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ fy, vkjf{kr m|ksxksa dh la[;k & 02 (ijek.kq mQtkZ] jsyos)
•• vfuok;Z ykblasl dh ifjfèk esa j[ks x, m|kssxksa dh la[;k & 05 (1991 esa 18 m|ksx Fks)
•• y?kq m|ksx osQ fy, vkjf{kr m|ksxksa dh la[;k & 20
•• ns'k esa dqy vkS|ksfxd mRiknu esa lw{e ,oa y?kq {ks=k dk ;ksxnku & 45-0»
•• GDP esa ^lw{e y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx* {ks=k dk ;ksxnku (ekpZ] 2009&10) & 8-0»
•• lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dh la[;k (Hkkjr&2014) & 361-2 yk[k
•• Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ & 2011&12
•• vkS|ksfxd Jfed osQ fy, vf[ky Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ & 2001
•• Hkkjr esa izFke VªsM IokWbaV dh LFkkiuk & ubZ fnYyh (1994)
•• 24 tqykbZ] 1991 dks ubZ vkS|ksfxd uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ Fkh] ftlosQ rgr~ 18 m|ksxksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lHkh esa ykblsal dh
vfuok;Zrk dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k FkkA
•• jklk;fud moZjdksa dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA
•• dEiuh }kjk ykHkka'k dh ?kks"k.kk vfHknÙk iw¡th (subscribed capital) ij dh tkrh gS] tks va'k èkkjd (share holder) }kjk
[kjhnk tkrk gSA
•• dEiuh osQ rqyu i=k (Balance sheet) ls dEiuh dh ifjlEifÙk;ksa (Assests) vkSj ns;rkvksa (Liabilities) dk vkdkj vkSj la?kVu
dks crkuk lEHko gksrk gSA è;krO; gS fd blesa dEiuh dh lHkh ifjlEifr] Í.k o vfèkÑr iw¡th lekfgr gksrh gSA
•• vkfcn gqlSu lfefr (xBu&1995_ fliQkfj'k izLrqfr 1997) us] tksfd y?kq m|ksx dh leL;kvksa dk vè;;u djus osQ fy,
xfBr dh xbZ FkhA bl lfefr us y?kq {ks=k osQ fy, oLrqvksa dk vkj{k.k lekIRk djus dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA
•• uk;d lfefr dk lEcUèk y?kq m|ksxksa dh foÙk ,oa :X.krk lEcUèkh leL;kvksa osQ vè;;u ls Fkk] ftlus viuh fliQkfj'k 1992
esa izLrqr dh FkhA
•• ^xksYMsu gS.M 'ksd ;kstuk* lkoZtfud izfr"Bku osQ dfeZ;ksa dks LosPNk ls le; iwoZ vodk'k xzg.k djus ls lacaf/r gSA
•• jk"Vªh; uohuhdj.k dks"k (National renewal Fund) ,d lkekftd lqj{kk tky miyCèk djkrk gS rFkk dkexkjksa dks vkS|ksfxd
{ks=k esa gksus okys rduhdh ifjorZuksa osQ fo#¼ lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk osQUnz ljdkj }kjk 1991 esa dh x;h FkhA
•• izkS|ksfxdh mUu;u dks"k ;kstuk dc 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh\ & o"kZ 1999 esa
•• Hkkjr esa mnkj vkS|ksfxd uhfr 1991 esa rFkk lkoZtfud m|eksa esa fofuos'k 1991&92 foÙkh; o"kZ ls vkjEHk gqvkA
•• Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl gsrq ^la;qDr {ks=k* dk fopkj 1956 dh vkS|ksfxd uhfr izLrko esa j[kk x;k FkkA bl izLrko esa
vkS|ksxhdj.k esa rhozrk ykuk eq[; mís'; cuk;k x;kA blosQ vykok vk; o lEifÙk osQ forj.k esa lekurk ykuk vkSj bl {ks=k
esa ,dkfèkdkjh izo`fÙk;ksa ij jksd yxkuk Hkh izLrko esa 'kkfey FkkA
•• lqizfl¼ m|ksx vkSj m|ksxifr& fjyk;al&eqosQ'k vackuh_ ,;jVsy&Hkkjrh feÙky] uSuks dkj&jru VkVk_ foizks&vthe izsethA
•• vkS|ksxhdj.k osQ <k¡ps esa ifjorZu osQ vUrxZr Hkkjh m|ksx dk egÙo de djrs gq, vkèkkfjd lajpukvksa ij cy nsus dh 'kq#vkr
vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ls dh xbZA
•• laxBu osQ izdkj vkSj muosQ egÙoiw.kZ y{k.kksa esa dqN vèkksfyf[kr gSaA ;Fkk& ,dy O;kikjh esa nkf;Ro vlhfer gksrk gS_ lk>snkjh
esa lEcUèk lafonkRed gksrs gSa_ lgdkfjrk dk izeq[k y{k.k detksj oxks± dh mUufr gS u fd ykHk dekuk] tcfd lkoZtfud
dEiuh esa tksf[ke mBkus okyksa dh la[;k vfèkd gksrh gS D;ksafd dEiuh vius va'kksa ('ks;jksa) dh fcØh ls iw¡th dk laxzg.k
djrh gSA
•• Hkkjr esa igyh ckj Ô;; dj* yxkus dk lq>ko dYMkWj us fn;kA bUgksaus VAT dh Hkh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA KkrO; gS fd dYMkWj
,d fczfV'k vFkZ'kkL=kh Fks] ftUgsa 1964 esa dj lykgdkj osQ :i esa Hkkjr vkeaf=kr fd;k x;k FkkA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• LVsuysl LVhy fdu inkFkks± dks feykdj cuk;k tkrk gS\ & yksgk] Øksfe;e] fuosQy ,oa dkcZu
•• oscj osQ ifjdfYir ^vkn'kZ vofLFkfr f=kHkqt* osQ vUnj lcls de ykxr okyh fLFkfr fdl la;a=k dh gS\ & cksdkjks la;a=k
•• os m|ksx] tks LFkkuh; dPps eky dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] dgykrs gSa\ & dqVhj m|ksx
•• oYdks vFkkZr~ Hkkjr ,Y;qfefu;e dEiuh fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk dc vkSj fdlosQ lg;ksx ls gqbZ Fkh\ & 1965 esa lksfo;r la?k
osQ lg;ksx ls
•• Hkkjr esa dkSUk&lk {ks=k dqVhj m|ksx osQ :i esa fo'ks"k :i ls fodflr gS\ & xqtjkr] iatkc] gfj;k.kk ,oa jktLFkku
•• dkSu&lk la;a=k nks"kiw.kZ vofLFkfr osQ dkj.k ykHkkfUor ugha gks ldk\ & bafM;u vk;ju ,.M LVhy dEiuh (IISCO)
•• oL=kksa rFkk twV o gFkdj?kk lfgr ifjèkku {ks=k osQ fy, ^lesfdr dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk* uke ls ,d ubZ ;kstuk dc izkjEHk
xbZ\ & 5 vxLr] 2010 dks
•• fdl m|ksx dks Lons'kh vkUnksyu us dkiQh izksRlkfgr fd;k\ & diM+k m|ksx dks
•• îwoZ dk cksLVu* laKk fdl lwrh osQUnz dks iznku dh xbZ gS\ & vgenkckn dks
•• fgUnqLrku osQcYl iSQDVªh Hkkjr esa fdl LFkku ij fLFkr gS\ & :iukjk;.kiqj] i- caxky ,oa gSnjkckn
•• ^bf.M;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ lkbal* dgk¡ fLFkr gS\ & caxykSj
•• Hkkjr osQ fdl 'kgj dks UNO us îzkfofèkd uokpkjksa dk Xyksch; osQUnz* ?kksf"kr fd;k gS\ & caxykSj
•• Hkkjr dh ^flfydkWu ?kkVh* miek fdls iznku dh xbZ gS\ & caxykSj dks
•• ns'k dk igyk oL=k ikdZ dc vkSj dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk\ & caxykSj esa
•• osQUnzh; js'ke vuqlaèkku izf'k{k.k laLFkku dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS\ & eSlwj ,oa cjgeiqj esa
•• osQUnzh; bZjh js'ke vuqlaèkku laLFkku fLFkr gS & esUnhikFkj (es?kky;)
•• fo'o esa js'ke dk izpyu loZizFke dgk¡ izkjEHk gqvk\ & phu esa
•• u;s fdLe osQ js'keksa dk lokZfèkd mRiknu dgk¡ gksrk gS\ & ef.kiqj ,oa tEew&d'ehj
•• js'ke mRiknu esa ns'k dk vxz.kh jkT; gS & dukZVd
•• osQUnzh; Vlj vuqlaèkku izf'k{k.k laLFkku dgk¡ fLFkr gS\ & jkaph (>kj[k.M)
•• twV dk izFke dkj[kkuk dgk¡ yxk;k x;k Fkk\ & fj'kjk (dydÙkk] 1854) esa
•• lgtuoka] ftyk xksj[kiqj esa dkSUk&lh fey fLFkr gS\ & twV fey
•• osQUnzh; js'ke cksMZ vf/fu;e dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ & 1948
•• twV ls cuh oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu esa fo'o esa izFke LFkku fdl ns'k dk gS\ & Hkkjr
•• i'ehuk mQu fdlls izkIr gksrk gS\ & cdjh ls
•• fo'o izfl¼ vaxksjk mQu izkIr fd;k tkrk gS\ & [kjxks'k ls
•• Hkkjr dk izFke vkèkqfud mQu dkj[kkuk dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k x;k\ & dkuiqj (1876)
•• Hknksgh] fetkZiqj ,oa xksihxat fdl dqVhj m|ksx osQ fy, izfl¼ gSa\ & dkyhu fuekZ.k
•• nok vkSj iQkekZL;qfVdYl {ks=k esa lkoZtfud {ks=k dh igyh dEiuh dkSu gS\ & iQkekZL;qfVdYl fgUnqLrku ,aVhck;ksfVDl
fyfeVsM&fiEijh] iq.ks (1954)
•• fgUnqLrku ,aVhck;ksfVDl fyfeVsM (HAL) dh rhu lgk;d dEifu;k¡ dgk¡ LFkkfir gSa\ & caxykSj] ukxiqj ,oa bEiQky eas
•• H.M.T caxykSj dh LFkkiuk 1963 esa fdl ns'k dh lgk;rk ls dh x;h Fkh\ & fLoV~tjyS.M
•• Hkkjr gSoh bysfDVªdYl fyfeVsM (BHEL) 1964 dh N% bdkb;k¡ dgk¡&dgk¡ LFkkfir gSa\ & Hkksiky] fr:fpjkiYyh] gSnjkckn]
tEew] caxykSj ,oa gfj}kj
•• us'kuy baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ iQkekZL;qfVdy ,tqosQ'ku ,.M fjlpZ (NIPER) dgk¡ fLFkr gS\ & eksgkyh
•• foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa 'kkafr Lo:i HkVukxj iqjLdkj fdlosQ }kjk çnku fd;k tkrk gS\ & foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh (CSIR)
•• IykfLVd m|ksx gsrq dPps eky dgk¡ ls izkIr gksrk gS\ & rsy 'kksèku'kkykvksa ls
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• mÙkj izns'k esa fiQjkstkckn rFkk dukZVd esa csyxke ftyk fdl m|ksx osQ fy, lqizfLk¼ gS\ & dk¡p m|ksx
•• usikuxj] gks'kaxkckn] VhVkx<+ rFkk jkteaqnjh fdl m|ksx osQ fy, izfl¼ gSa\ & dkxt m|ksx
izLrkfor okLrfod
;kstuk le;kofèk ekWMy osQUnzh; fcUnq
fuos'k fuos'k
FYP-1 1951&1956 gSjksM&Mksej ekWMy ij cy Ñf"k fodkl 2378 1960
vkèkkjHkwr ,oa Hkkjh m|ksxksa
FYP-2 1956&61 usg:&egkyuksfcl ekWMy 4800 4672
dk vkfFkZd fodkl
ts-lS.Mh] lq[ke; pØorhZ ,oa vkRe&fuHkZj Lor%LiwQrZ
FYP-3 1961&1966 7500 8577
egkyuksfcl ekWMy dk izHkko vFkZO;oLFkk
FYP-4 1969&1974 v'kksd :nz&,yu ,l-ek=ks ekWMy fLFkjrk osQ lkFk vkRefuHkZjrk 15900 15799
fuèkZurk mUewyu rFkk
FYP-5 1974&1979 Mh-ih-èkj ekWMy 37250 39426
vkRe&fuHkZjrk
xjhch fuokj.k rFkk jkstxkj
FYP-6 1980&1985 vkxr&fuxZr ekWMy dk foLrkj 95500 109292
l`tu
Ñf"k] fodkl izsfjr le`f¼
FYP-7 1985&1990 oLrq&etnwjh ekWMy 180000 218730
j.kuhfr
FYP-8 1992&1997 tkWu MCY;w- feyj ekWMy ekuo lalkèku dk fodkl 434000 495670
lkekftd U;k; vkSj lekurk
FYP-9 1997&2002 vkxr&fuxZr ekWMy 859200 941041
osQ lkFk vkfFkZd le`f¼
lkekftd U;k; rFkk lerk
FYP-10 2002&2007 ;kstuk vk;ksx dk i=k 1592300 1653065
osQ lkFk vkfFkZd fodkl
rhozrj vkSj vfèkd lekos'kh
FYP-11 2007&2012 ;kstuk vk;ksx dk i=k 3644718 3676936
fodkl
Rofjr lEiks"k.kh; fodkl 3724078
FYP-12 2012&2017 5574663
,oa lekos'kh le`f¼ (iquizZLrkfor)
jk"V™h; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh uhfr&2011

•• bl uhfr osQ varxZr uSuks bysDVªkWfud lfgr oSf'od çfr;ksxh bysDVªkWfud ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj fMtkbu fuekZ.k m|ksxksa dks fodflr
djus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
•• bldk çeq[k mís'; 2020 rd yxHkx 10 [kjc fuos'k ls 40 [kjc dk dkjksckj çkIr djuk vkSj 2 djksM+ 80 yk[k jkstxkj
osQ volj tqVkuk gSA
•• lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh uhfr 2011 osQ varxZr fofHkUu [kaMksa dks 'kkfey dj Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfud {ks=k esa O;kid cnyko ykus dk
ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA
(1) bZ&ç'kklu%& ns'k esa bZ&ç'kklu dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, 16 ebZ] 2006 dks jk"Vªh; bZ&ç'kklu ;kstuk dks Loho`Qfr nh
xbZA ftldk çeq[k mís'; bZ&ç'kklu dks ykxw djuk] laLFkkxr ra=k] cqfu;knh <akpksa vkSj ekudksa rFkk vko';d dkuwuh O;oLFkk dks
fodflr djuk gSA bls osaQnz] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; iz'kklu osQ Lrjksa ij ykxw fd;k tkuk gSA blosQ varxZr egÙoiw.kZ miyfC/;ksa dh
izkfIr bl izdkj gS%
µlsokvksa dh bysDVªkWfud fMyhojh
µlka>s lsok osaQæksa dh LFkkiuk
µjkT; MkVk osQaæ dh LFkkiuk
µeksckby iz'kklu ls lacaf/r uhfr fuekZ.k
µukxfjd Hkkxhnkjh ,oa lks'ky ehfM;k ÚseodZ rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
µjk"Vªh; lwpuk foKku osQaæ

µbZ&[kjhn
µbZ&U;k;ky;
µbZ&vkWfiQl
µuSuks VsDuksykWth
us'kuy bysDVªkWfud ikWfylh 2019 (NEP) bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; (MEITY) }kjk izLrkfor uhfr dks eatwjh
iznku dj nh xbZ gSA
jk"Vªh; izkS|ksfxdh uhfr 2011 osQ LFkku ij uohu bysDVªkWfud uhfr 2019 dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
mís';%
1- Hkkjr dks Xykscy bysDVªkWfud gc osQ :i esa fodflr djuk
2- 2025 rd bysDVªkWfud {ks=k dk VuZvksoj 400 fcfy;u MkWyj rd ysdj tkuk gSA
3- 2025 rd 1 fcfy;u eksckby gSaMlsV dk fuekZ.k djuk] ftudh cktkj dher yxHkx 190 fcfy;u MkWyj gksA
mís';ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, mBk, tkus okys vko';d dne
1- oSf'od Lrj ij Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) dk fuekZ.k djuk rkfd varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij
Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfud O;oLFkk dks etcwrh iznku dh tk losQ vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfud fu;kZr dks c<+kok feysA
2- bysDVªkWfud phtksa dks cukus osQ fy, cqfu;knh vko';d oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k Hkkjr esa djus osQ fy, vuqdwy bdks flLVe
dk fuekZ.k djukA
3- esxk izkstsDV osQ fy, iw¡thxr O;; dh deh dks iwjk djus osQ fy, osaQæ ljdkj }kjk fo'ks"k jkf'k dk vkoaVu fd;k tk,A
4- fjlpZ vkSj MsoyiesaV dks c<+kok nsukA
5- uohu LVkVZvi dks fo'ks"k fj;k;r nsukA
6- dkS'kyhÑr ekuo lalk/u gsrq rduhdh f'k{kk esa lq/kj ij cyA
7- us'kuy lkbcj flD;ksfjVh ikWfylh dk fuekZ.k djuk rkfd fo'oluh; bysDVªkWfud mRiknksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk losQA
gkfy;k fLFkfr%
2012 ls Hkkjr oSf'od Lrj ij ,d Xykscy gc cuus osQ fy, iz;kljr jgk gSA 2014&15 esa bysDVªkWfud fu;kZr 14&15
fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj Fkk tks 2017&18 esa yxHkx 53 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd c<+ pqdk gSA
Hkkjr esa bysDVªkWfud gkMZos;j vkmViqV vdkmaV oSf'od Lrj ls csgn de gS vkSj Xykscy Iys;j cuus osQ fy, Hkkjr dks
esd bu bafM;k izksxzke osQ rgr blesa lq/kj dh vko';drk gSA
jk"V™h; fofuekZ.k uhfr&2011

Hkkjr ljdkj us 4 uoacj] 2011 dks jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr ?kksf"kr dh] ftldk y{; ,d n'kd osQ Hkhrj thMhih esa fofuekZ.k
dh fgLlsnkjh 25 çfr'kr djuk vkSj jkstxkj osQ 10 djksM+ volj iSnk djuk gSA blesa xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks t:jh n{krk çnku dj
jkstxkj ;ksX; cukus dh Hkh ckr gSA lrr fodkl uhfr dk vfHkUu vax gS vkSj fofuekZ.k esa csgrj çkS|ksfxdh ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k
x;k gSA ;g uhfr jkT;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls vkS|ksfxd o`f¼ ij vk/kfjr gSA osaQæ ljdkj blosQ fy, vko';d <k¡pk çnku djsxh vkSj
lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh (ihihih) vk/kj ij <k¡pk fodkl dks mfpr foÙkh; lgk;rk nsxh vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks uhfr osQ varxZr
ekè;e pquus dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA uhfr osQ çLrko fliQZ gfjr çkS|ksfxdh osQ çksRlkgu dks NksM+dj vkerkSj ij {ks=k] LFkku vkSj
çkS|ksfxdh osQ laca/ esa U;wVy gSaA
uhfr esa fu;ksftr ,dhÑr vkS|ksfxd Vkmuf'ki osQ fy, jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks=kksa (,uvkbZ,eth) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ
gSA ,sls ukS {ks=kksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS] tks fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs (Mh,evkbZlh) osQ lkFk yxs gq, gSa] ukxiqj esa ukSosa {ks=k dh
LFkkiuk dks LohÑfr fey pqdh gSA bu {ks=kksa osQ vykok ;g uhfr iwjs ns'k esa tgk¡ m|ksx vius dks lewg osQ :i esa laxfBr djus vkSj
uhfr vuqlkj vkn'kZ vkRefu;eu ykxw djus esa l{ke gSa] m|ksxksa ij ykxw gksxhA uhfr fofuekZ.k m|ksx fuekZ.k {ks=kksa vkSj lewgksa ij ykxw
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
gksxhA buesa O;kikj fu;eksa dks ;qfÙkQlaxr@ljy cukuk] vukfFkZd bdkb;ksa osQ ckgj tkus osQ fy, ljy@Rofjr O;oLFkk] gfjr çkS|ksfxfd;ksa
lfgr çkS|ksfxdh fodkl] vkS|ksfxd çf'k{k.k vkSj n{krk mUu;u mik;] lw{e (ekbØks)] y?kq vkSj e>ksys m|e (,e,l,ebZ) osQ fy,
fo'ks"k çksRlkgu] fo'ks"k osQfUær {ks=k] <k¡pkxr {ks=k] <k¡pkxr ?kkVs dh fyojsftax] ljdkjh •jhn vkSj O;kikj uhfr 'kkfey gSA
jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr (,u,eih) dh egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk tgk¡ rd laHko gks m|ksxksa osQ vkRefu;eu osQ ewy fl¼kar osQ
vk/kj ij fu;eu dks ;qfÙkQlaxr o ljy cukuk gSaA osaQæ@jkT; ljdkjsa fo'ks"k çko/kuksa dks fuyafcr dj nsaxh ysfdu mlosQ fy, lacaf/r
foHkkxksa }kjk lkykuk vkWfMV vkSj rhljh ikVhZ çek.khdj.k dh oSdfYid O;oLFkk gksA vU; fo'ks"krkvksa esa fofHkUu çko/kuksa osQ ekeys
esa ,d laLFkk dks vf/dkj lkSaiuk] tgk¡ rd laHko gks la;ksftr vkosnu i=k vkSj lk>k jftLVj ,oa rhljh ikVhZ çek.khdj.k osQ ekè;e
ls fujh{k.kksa dk ç.kkyhdj.k 'kkfey gSA
,u,eih osQ varxZr mBkbZ xbZ@mBkbZ tkus okyh dqN igyksa esa jkstxkj {kfriwfrZ ij ;kstuk cukuk] iQkeks±@jftLVj@ 13 osaQæh;
Je dkuwuksa dk fjVuZ 3 iQkeks± ij i;kZoj.k leFkZd çkS|ksfxdh lfgr mfpr çkS|ksfxfd;k¡ gkfly djus osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh vf/xzg.k
vkSj fodkl dks"k dh LFkkiuk djuk 'kkfey gSA uhfr osQ çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u osQ fy, dbZ laLFkkxr <k¡ps cuk, x, gSaA buesa okf.kT;
vkSj m|ksx ea=kh dh vè;{krk esa fofuekZ.k m|ksx lao¼Zu cksMZ (,evkbZihch)] MhvkbZihih osQ lfpo dh vè;{krk esa mPpLrjh;
lfefr (,p,ylh)] lac¼ la;qÙkQ lfpo osQ v/hu vuqeksnu cksMZ (chvks,)A blosQ vykok jk"Vªh; fuos'k fofuekZ.k {ks=k (National
Investment and Manufacturing Zones – NIMZ) osQ varxZr fofuekZ.k osQ fy, gfjr çkS|ksfxdh dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, gfjr
fofuekZ.k lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
fotu U;w ba fM;k 2022

uhfr vk;ksx us gky gh esa u;s Hkkjr osQ fy, viuh O;kid jk"Vªh; j.kuhfr dk •qyklk fd;k_ ftlesa igys ls dh xbZ çxfr
dks Lohdkjrs gq, vkSj ckè;dkjh ck/kvksa dh igpku djrs gq, 41 egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa osQ foLr`r fooj.k esa 2022&23 osQ fy, Li"V
mís';ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS vkSj bu ?kksf"kr mís';ksa dh çkfIr osQ fy, Hkkoh jkg lq>kbZ xbZ gSA
2022 rd u, Hkkjr dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, ekuuh; ç/kuea=kh osQ Li"V vkÞoku ls çsj.kk vkSj fn'kk çkIr djrs gq,] uhfr
vk;ksx us fiNys o"kZ esa dk;Zuhfrd nLrkost rS;kj djus dh çfØ;k 'kq: dhA
uhfr vk;ksx us dk;Zuhfr rS;kj djus esa ,d vR;ar lgHkkxh n`f"Vdks.k viuk;kA uhfr vk;ksx us çR;sd {ks=k osQ ofVZdy fgr/kjdksa
osQ lHkh rhu lewgksa vFkkZr O;kolkf;d O;fÙkQ;ksa] oSKkfudksa lfgr f'k{kkfonksa vkSj ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksa osQ lkFk xgu ijke'kZ fd;kA
blosQ ckn oSKkfudksa vkSj uoçorZdksa] fdlkuksa] ukxfjd lekt laxBuksa] fFkad&VSad] etnwj çfrfuf/;ksa vkSj VªsM ;wfu;uksa osQ
lkFk&lkFk m|ksx osQ çfrfuf/;ksa lfgr fofHkUu çfrf"Br O;fÙkQ;ksa osQ lkFk vkarfjd ijke'kZ fd;k x;kA
osaQæh; ea=kky;ksa dks buiqV~l] lq>koksa vkSj fVIif.k;ksa osQ fy, 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa çR;sd vè;k; osQ elkSns dks
ijke'kZ osQ fy, ifjpkfyr fd;k x;k FkkA elkSnk nLrkost dks mu lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj la?k jkT; {ks=kksa esa Hkh ifjpkfyr fd;k x;k Fkk
ftlosQ }kjk lgdkjh la?kokn dh Hkkouk dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, vkSj lekos'kh fodkl dh xkFkk fy•us osQ uhfr vk;ksx osQ vf/ns'k
dks iwjk djus osQ fy, cgqewY; lq>koksa dks lekfgr fd;k FkkA
nLrkost rS;kj djus osQ nkSjku osaQæ] jkT; vkSj ftyk Lrj ij ljdkj osQ lkFk 800 ls vf/d fgr/kjdksa vkSj yxHkx 550
ckgjh fo'ks"kKksa ls lykg yh xbZA
dk;Zuhfrd nLrkost dk O;kid è;ku uhfr okrkoj.k dks vkSj csgrj cukus ij gS] ftlesa futh fuos'kd vkSj vU; fgr/kjd
u, Hkkjr 2022 osQ fy, fu/kZfjr y{;ksa dks çkIr djus dh fn'kk esa viuk iwjk ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA
vkxs c<+rs gq, futh {ks=k] ukxfjd lekt vkSj ukxfjdksa dks dk;Zuhfrd nLrkost esa mfYyf•r pj.kksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy,
viuh Lo;a dh dk;Zuhfr;ka rS;kj djus gsrq çksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
nLrkost esa bdrkyhl vè;k;ksa dks pkj •aMksa es foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% mRçsjd volajpuk] lekos'k vkSj 'kkluA
mŸkj izns'k bysDV™kWfuDl fofuekZ.k uhfr&2017

•• 1 tuojh] 2018 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj }kjk bysDVªkWfuDl flLVe dks xfr çnku djus gsrq ^mÙkj çns'k bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k
uhfr&2017* tkjh dh xbZA
•• bl uhfr osQ rgr uks,Mk] xzsVj uks,Mk rFkk ;equk ,Dlçsl os dks bysDVªkWfuDl eSU;qiQSDpfjax tksu ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• mÙkj çns'k bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k uhfr dk leLr ykHk ,oa çksRlkgu bl mn~?kksf"kr {ks=k esa LFkkfir gksus okyh leLr bdkb;ksa
osQ fy, vuqekU; gksxkA
•• bl uhfr dk y{; mÙkj çns'k dks bysDVªkWfuDl eSU;qiQSDpfjax gc cukuk gSA
•• blosQ vykok çns'k esa vuqdwy ifjos'k çnku dj jkT; dks ns'k esa lokZf/d ojh;rk okys fuos'k xarO; osQ :i esa LFkkfir djuk]
bysDVªkWfuDl m|ksx dks çksRlkgu çnku djuk] bdkb;ksa dks flaxy foaMks flLVe çnku djuk rFkk bysDVªkWfuDl {ks=k esa tu'kfÙkQ
gsrq dkS'ky fodkl dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
•• bZ-,l-Mh-,e- {ks=k esa 20]000 djksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k vkdf"kZr djuk rFkk o"kZ 2022 rd rhu yk• jkstxkj dk l`tu djuk gSA
•• bl uhfr dk eq[; mís'; jkT; esa eSU;qiSQDpfjax DyLVlZ@bZ-,l-Mh-,e- ikDlZ dh LFkkiuk] vf/dre fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djuk
vkSj çknsf'kd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (th-,l-Mh-ih-) esa o`f¼ djuk gSA
•• bl uhfr osQ vuqlkj jkT; esa O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k ladqy@bZ-,l-Mh-,e- ikdks± dh
LFkkiuk ij cy fn;k tk,xkA
•• ;g ikoZQ Kku vk/kfjr uo ç;ksxksa ,oa çfrLi/hZ O;kolkf;d {ks=kksa osQ l`tu] i;kZoj.k laca/h fcanqvksa osQ vuqJo.k o çca/u
dh mPp {kerk] uxjh; ifjogu esa lq/kj] Hkwfe] xq.koÙkk;qÙkQ 24 ?kaVs vuojr fo|qr vkiwfrZ] ikuh] lM+d vkfn tSlh vk/kjHkwr
voLFkkiuk lqfo/k çnÙk djus esa lgk;d gksaxsA
•• bl uhfr osQ rgr oSf'od O;oLFkk osQ vuq:i gkfudkjd inkFkks± osQ mi;ksx ij çfrca/ lfgr jkT; esa mRiUu bZ&vif'k"V osQ
fy, bZ&vif'k"V iqupZØ.k m|ksx dks çksRlkgu fn;k tk,xkA
•• bl uhfr osQ liQy fØ;kUo;u gsrq ,d bysDVªkWfuDl fe'ku funs'kky; gksxkA
•• fe'ku funs'kky; fuos'kdksa ls okrkZ djsxk rFkk fuos'kdksa }kjk çLrqr fuos'k çLrkoksa dks uhfr fØ;kUo;u bdkbZ osQ vuqeksnu osQ
vuq:i fe'ku funs'kd }kjk foÙkh; çksRlkgu çnku fd;k tk,xkA
•• fuos'kdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus gsrq fe'ku funs'kky; }kjk le;≤ ij bosaV] dk;Z'kkyk ,oa dkWUÚsal esa çfrHkkx fd;k tk,xkA
•• fuos'k çLrko ij l{ke Lrj ls vuqeksnu osQ i'pkr ysVj vkWiQ oaQiQVZ tkjh fd;k tk,xkA
•• jkT; esa uhfr osQ fØ;kUo;u ,oa mlosQ liQy fu"iknu dk vuqJo.k eq[; lfpo dh vè;{krk esa ,d jkT; Lrjh; l'kÙkQ
lfefr }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
•• ih-vkbZ-;w- 200 djksM+ #i;s ls vf/d osQ laHkkfor fuos'k okys çLrkoksa dk ijh{k.k dj bEikWoMZ desVh osQ le{k çLrqr djsxhA
•• ;g desVh osQl&Vw&osQl vk/kj ij fopkj djosQ eaf=kifj"kn osQ vuqeksnu gsrq vuq'kalk djsxhA
•• ih-vkbZ-;w- 200 djksM+ ls de iw¡th fuos'k okyh ifj;kstukvksa dks vuqeksnu çnku djsxhA
•• uhfr osQ varxZr Hkwfe osQ vfrfjÙkQ fLFkr iw¡th ij 5 djksM+ #i;s dh vf/dre lhek lfgr 15 çfr'kr iw¡th miknku vuqekU;
gksxhA
•• cSadksa ,oa foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ls fy, x, ½.k ij çfro"kZ 5 çfr'kr dh nj ls C;kt miknku dh çfriwfrZ 7 o"kZ rd dh tk,xh]
ftldh vf/dre lhek çfro"kZ bdkbZ 1 djksM+ #i;s gksxhA
•• bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq Hkwfe Ø; djus vFkok iêðs ij ysus ij LVkWEi 'kqYd esa 'kr&çfr'kr NwV çkIr gksxhA
•• Hkwfe dks NksM+dj vU; fLFkj iw¡th fuos'k osQ vf/dre 100 çfr'kr dh lhek lfgr 10 o"kks± dh vof/ rd] tks Hkh igys gks]
jkT; th-,l-Vh- dh 'kr&çfr'kr çfriwfrZ dh tk,xhA
•• bysDVªkWfud bdkb;ksa osQ fy, ljdkj vfHkdj.kksa ls Ø; dh tkus okyh Hkwfe ij 25 çfr'kr dh NwV vuqekU; gksxhA
•• 200 djksM+ #i;s ls vf/d fuos'k okyh bdkb;ksa osQ fy, osQl&Vw&osQl vk/kfjr çksRlkgu dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
ijh{kksi;ksxh fof'k"V rF;
fofo/k rF;
•• mÙkj izns'k dk phuh mRiknu esa izFke LFkku gSA
•• egkjk"Vª jkT; esa lokZfèkd ikojywe fLFkr gSaA
•• Hkkjr dh 'kh"kZ nks dEI;wVj ,oa lkWÝVos;j foØsrk dEifu;k¡ gSa& VkVk dalyVssalh lfoZl ,oa foizks fy-A
•• Hknzkpye (vkUèkz izns'k) esa Hkkjr osQ lokZfèkd i;kZoj.k fe=k ITC dkxt cksMZ isij la;a=k fLFkr gSaA
•• Hkkjr dk izFke ck;ks&Mhty la;=k vesfjdk ,oa vkWfLVª;k osQ lg;ksx ls fufeZr vkUèkz izns'k osQ dkdhukM+k fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k
(KSEZ) esa fLFkr gSA
•• isVªksusV L.N.G fyfeVsM Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fufeZr dEiuh gS] ftldh LFkkiuk dk eq[; mís'; L.N.G vk;kr rFkk L.N.G VfeZuy
dh LFkkiuk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj nkgst (xqtjkr)] dksfPp (osQjy) osQ vykok eaxykSj esa Hkh ,d L.N.G VfeZuy yxk jgh gSA
xUuk mRiknd 'kh"kZ rhu jkT;
1- mÙkj izns'k 2- mÙkjk[akM 3- fcgkj
fu;kZr fodkl dsUnz
•• fr:iqj % gkStjh ,oa cqukbZ m|ksx •• ukxiqj % gLr midj.k
•• eqjknkckn* % czklos;j gS.MhØkÝV] /krqi=k* •• fo'kk[kkiÙkue % eNyh mRikn
•• lgkjuiqj % dk"B uDdk'kh (UPPCS- 2011) •• esjB % [ksy dk lkeku
•• yqfèk;kuk % Hkkjh e'khujh rFkk gkStjh •• vyhx<+ % ihry osQ rkys
•• lwjr % jRu vkSj vkHkw"k.k •• vkxjk % pEkM+k iQqVfo;j] i;ZVu
•• iafte % jcj m|ksx* •• [kqtkZ % feV~Vh osQ crZu*
•• ikuhir % gFkdj|k •• dkaphiqje % js'ke
•• HkksIkky % dhVuk'kd m|ksx* •• lsye % gLr midj.k
•• vysIih % ukfj;y osQ js'ks vkSj blls fufeZr lkeku (Coir) •• f'kodk'kh % ekfpl
•• eksnhuxj % jcj m|ksx* •• vEckyk % oSKkfud midj.k
•• tkyaèkj % [ksy dk lEeku •• tkeuxj % czkl ikV~Zl] isVªks osQfedYlA
•• eksu (ukxkyS.M) % ydM+h dh oLrq •• jktdksV % batu iEi
•• uyckM+h % ckal ij vkèkkfjr oLrq •• okih (vadys'oj) % jlk;u
•• fiatkSj % e'khu vkStkj* •• cVkyk % e'khu midj.k
•• jkuhir (vEcwj) % peM+k •• cjsyh % tjh
•• ihyhHkhr % dk"B iknqdk (UPPCS- 2011) •• Hkkxyiqj % cqukbZ
lw{e] y?kq vkSj e>ksys m|e
oxhZdj.k fofuekZ.k m|e lsok m|e
lw{e 25 yk[k #Ik;s rd 10 yk[k #i;s rd
y?kq 25 yk[k #i;s ls vfèkd vkSj 5 djksM+ #i;s rd 10 yk[k #i;s ls vfèkd vkSj 2 djksM+ rd
e>ksys 5 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd vkSj 10 djksM+ #i;s rd 2 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd vkSj 5 djksM+ #i;s rd
&2017 osQ vk¡oQM+ksa osQ vuqlkj
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• MkW- vksadkj xksLokeh dk lEcUèk fdlls gS\ & vkS|ksfxd :X.krk osQ lEcUèk esa lq>ko nsus ls (SICA esa ifjoZru rFkk BIFR
dh Hkwfedk esa cnyko dh laLrqfr& 1993 esa)A
•• ch- ckyÑ".k bjkMh lfefr us D;k lq>ko fn;k Fkk\ & National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) osQ xBu vkSj mls dEiuh
ykW cksMZ osQ lkjs vfèkdkj iznku djus dk lq>ko Fkk (lu~ 2000)A
•• lokZfèkd vkS|ksfxd :X.k bdkb;k¡ fdl izns'k esa fLFkr gSa\ & Øe'k% fcgkj ,oa m-iz- esa
•• vlaxfBr {ks=kksa osQ m|eksa dh leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku osQ fy, fdldh vè;{krk esa ,d jk"Vªh; vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k Fkk\
& MkW- vtqZu lsu xqIrk
•• ns'k esa ekU;rk izkIr osQUnzh; Je la?kksa (Central Trade Unions) dh dqy la[;k fdruh gS vkSj lokZfèkd la[;k okyk Je laxBu
dkSu&lk gS\ & Øe'k% 12 vkSj Hkkjrh; etnwj la?k (BMS) mlosQ ckn bafM;u VsªM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl (INTUC)A
•• izFke Je vk;ksx dk xBu dc fd;k x;k Fkk\ & 1966 esa
•• ljdkjh {ks=k osQ fof'k"V miØeksa dks egkjRu] uojRu vkSj feuhjRu mikfèk dc ls izkjEHk dh xbZ\ & Øe'k% 24 fnlEcj]
2009_ 22 tqykbZ] 1997 vkSj 8 vDVwcj] 1997 lsA
•• ,d #i;s ls mQij dh LkHkh eqnzk, vlhfer oSèk eqnzk (Unlimited legal tender) gSa] tks RBI }kjk fuxZfer gksrs gSa vFkkZr~•
2 #i;s ls 1000 #i;s rd osQ uksV RBI Nkirk gSA
•• orZeku esa RBI uksV fuxZeu dh U;wure fjtoZ iz.kkyh (Minimum Reserve System) viukrk gSA
•• lkaosQfrd flDdk mls dgrs gSa] ftldk vafdr ewY; èkkfRod ewY; ls vfèkd gksrk gSA
•• Hkkjrh; #i;k izkekf.kd i=k eqnzk gSA
•• turk dk lcls vfèkd fo'okl izfrfufèk i=k eqnzk esa gksrk gSA
•• eqnzk dh n'keyo iz.kkyh Hkkjr esa 1957 ls izpyu esa vk;hA 1957 ls 1964 rd Vdlky ls mRikfnr iSlk dks û;k iSlk* dh
laKk iznku dh x;hA û;k iSlk* laKk esa ls û;k* 'kCn dks 1964 esa vyx dj osQoy îSlk* laKk dj fn;k x;kA bl izdkj
eqnzk dh n'keyo iz.kkyh osQ lkFk izpfyr û;k iSlk* 1 twu] 1964 ls ek=k iSlk gks x;kA
•• eqnzk us dher la;U=k fodflr fd;k gS] O;kid Lrj ij Ø;&foØ;] cktkj&O;oLFkk] O;kikj o okf.kT; dh jpuk dh gS] iw¡th
dks tUe fn;k gS] cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu lEHko cuk;k gS rFkk O;fDrxr vkèkkj ij vkfFkZd Lora=krk iznku dh gSA
•• nsoukxjh osQ v{kj ^j* o jkseu v{kj 'R' ls feyrs&tqyrs #i;s osQ izrhd fpUg dh jpuk rfeyukMq osQ ewy fuoklh IIT eqEcbZ
ls LukrdksÙkj mikfèk èkkjh mn; dqekj us dh gSA KkrO; gS fd Hkkjr vius #i;s dk vyx izrhd fpUg j[kus okyk MkWyj]
fczfV'k ikm.M] LV²yx] tkikuh ;su vkSj ;wjksih; ;wjks osQ ckn fo'o dk ik¡poka ns'k cu x;k gSA
•• Hkkjr dh orZeku ekSfnzd iz.kkyh dk izcUèk RBI djrk gS] tks fd ns'k dk osQUnzh; cSad gSA Hkkjrh; ekSfnzd iz.kkyh vifjorZuh;
dkxt djsUlh iz.kkyh (Inconvertible paper currency) ij vkèkkfjr gSA
•• pkyw [kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk (current account convertibility) dk vk'k; vU; ns'kksa osQ lkFk lHkh lkSnksa (Transactions)
ftuesa oLrqvksa osQ fy, #i;s dh vU; djsfUl;ksa osQ lkFk fcuk fdlh lhek osQ ifjoZruh;rk ls gSA ;g ifjoZruh;rk 1990 osQ
n'kd osQ eè; ls fØ;k'khy gSA
•• #i;s dh ifjorZuh;rk osQ lUnHkZ esa Hkkjr dk nwljk dne iw¡th [kkrs ij ifjorZuh;rk (capital account convertibility) izkIr
djuk ckdh gSA bl ifjoZuh;rk esa Hkkjr osQ iw¡th [kkrs ij yxk, x;s lHkh izfrcUèk lekIr dj fn;s tk;saxsA
•• ,u,e 1 = turk osQ ikl eqnzk $ cSafdax O;oLFkk esa ek¡x tek $ vkjchvkbZ osQ ikl ^vU;* tekA
•• ,u,e 2 = ,u,e 1 $ fuokfl;ksa dh vYidkfyd tek (,d lky dh vuqca/kRed o;Ldrk lesr)
•• ,u,e 3 = ,u,e 2 $ fuokfl;kas dh nh?kZdkfyd tek $ foÙkh; laLFkkuksa }kjk dkWy@VeZ iQafMax
•• ,y 1 = ,u,e 3 $ iksLV vkWfiQl lsfoax cSadksa osQ ikl dqy tek (jk"Vªh; cpr i=k dks NksM+dj)
•• ,y 2 = ,y 1 $ fe;knh Í.k laLFkkuksa vkSj iqufoZÙk laLFkkuksa (,iQvkbZ) osQ lkFk fe;knh tek $ ,iQvkbZ ls yh xbZ fe;knh
m/kjh $ ,iQvkbZ }kjk tkjh tek osQ lfVZfiQosQV
•• ,y 3 = ,y 2 $ xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;ksa esa lkoZtfud tekA
•• ¶;fn fdlh ns'k esa ,d gh le; esa vPNh rFkk cqjh eqnzk dk izpyu gS] rks cqjh eqnzk esa vPNh eqnzk dks pyus ls ckgj djus
dh izo`fÙk gksrh gSA¸ ;g fdldk fu;e gS\ & lj FkkWel xzs'ke dk
•• eqnzk og èkqjh gS] ftlosQ pkjksa vksj vFkZ foKku pDdj yxkrk gS] fdlus dgk Fkk\ & lj tkWu ek'kZy
•• fdlus dgk Fkk fd ljdkj] osQUnzh; cSad rFkk O;kikfjd cSadkas dk fuoy ekSfnzd nkf;Ro (Net monetary liability) gS\•
& pSaMyj us
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• RBI us O;kid eqnzk dh èkkj.kk (M3) dc Lohdkj dh\ & 1967&68 osQ ckn
•• eqnzk dh lokZfèkd rjy vkSj vrjy voèkkj.kk dkSu&lh gS\ & Øe'k% M1 vkSj M4
•• pØorhZ desVh dk lEcUèk fdlls gS\ & Hkkjrh; ekSfnzd iz.kkyh dh iqul±jpuk ls
•• okbZ-oh-jsM~Mh lfefr us fdl eqnzk leqPPk; dks vkèkkj eqnzk dgk\ & M0 (lkIrkfgd vkèkkj ij rS;kj)
•• ujflagu lfefr (1998) dh laLrqfr ij rjyrk lek;kstu lqfoèkk (LAF) dks dc ykxw fd;k x;k\ & igys 1999 (vUrfje)
esa vkSj 2000 (vafre :i ls) esa
•• fjtoZ cSad viuh udnh izcUèku dh uhfr dk fØ;kUo;u oSQls djrk gS\ & rjyrk lek;kstu lqfoèkk] dS'k fjtoZ jsf'k;ks
rFkk [kqys cktkj dh fozQ;kvksa }kjkA
•• ,d djsUlh osQ fo#¼ nwljh djsUlh dh izkfIr ;k Hkqxrku fdl izdkj dk [kkrk ifjorZu gS\ & pkyw [kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk
•• ,d djsUlh osQ nwljh djsUlh esa fcuk dksbZ lkSnk fd;s rCnhy dh LOkhÑfr fdl izdkj dk [kkrk ifjorZu gS\ & iw¡th [kkrs dh
ifjorZuh;rk
•• M3 esa D;k lfEefyr gS\& turk osQ ikl eqnzk] cSadksa osQ ikl ek¡x tek ,oa caSdksa osQ ikl le; tekA
•• Ñf=ke eqnzk fdls dgrs gSa\ & ,slh eqnzk] tks pyu esa ugha gksrh] fdUrq ys[kkadu esa iz;qDr gksrh gS]Ñf=ke eqnzk dgykrh gS]
tSls& SDR A
•• fodkl foÙk esa dkSUk&ls {ks=k 'kkfey gksrs gSa\ & blesa vkS|ksfxd vkSj Ñf"k nksuksa osQ gh foÙk {ks=k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
•• Hkkjrh; foÙkh; iz.kkyh Hkkjr osQ vkfFkZd fodkl esa fdl izdkj ls ;ksxnku nsrh gS\ & cpr fuos'k dh izfØ;k osQ ekè;e
ls iwath fuekZ.k }kjkA
•• foÙkh; iz.kkyh dk mís'; D;k gS\ & cpr dks xfreku djuk vkSj fiQj bldk vkoaVu dq'ky :i eas vfUre iz;ksDrkvksa
vFkok fuos'kdksa (Investor) dks djukA
•• laxfBr eqnzk cktkj esa osQUnzh; LFkku fdls izkIr gS\ & Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad (RBI) dksA
•• ns'k esa lk[k dk fu;eu o fu;a=k.k dkSu djrk gS\ & Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSadA
•• vlaxfBr {ks=k (lkgw] egktu] lsB vkfn) dh vkfJrrk dks de djus osQ fy, ukckMZ }kjk dkSUk&lk dk;ZØe pyk;k x;k gS\
& Lo;a lgk;rk lewg (Self help group)
•• lalkj esa fdl cSad dks osQUnzh; cSad dh ek¡ (Mother of Central Banks) dh miek izkIr gS\ & cSad vkWiQ baXyS.M dks
•• osQUnzh; cSad dk lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z D;k gS\ & ns'k esa i=k&eqnzk dk fuxZeu
•• Hkkjr dh orZeku uksV&fuxZeu O;oLFkk dh U;wure eqnzk&dks"k iz.kkyh dc ls viuk;h tk jgh gS\ & 1959 ls
•• Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd n`f"V ls O;Lr dky (Busy Season) dc ekuk tkrk gS\ & vDVwcj&uoEcj ls vizSy&ebZ rd] bl le;
eqnzk ,oa lk[k dh ekax c<+ tkrh gSA
•• Hkkjr esa osQUnzh; cSad (RBI) dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, izFke iz;kl fdl vk;ksx us fd;k Fkk\ & pSEcjfyu vk;ksx (1914)
•• cSad nj dk D;k vFkZ gS\ & osQUnzh; cSad }kjk vU; cSadksa osQ fcyksa ij yh tkus okyh iqudZVkSrh dh njA
•• cSadksa osQ oSèkkfud dks"kkuqikr esa o`f¼ ls lk[k dh ek=kk ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\ & lk[k dh ek=kk de gks tkrh gSA
•• ljdkj dh Í.k&uhfr ykxw djus eas dkSu&lk lk[k fu;a=k.k mik; lgk;d gksrk gS\ & [kqys cktkj dh fØ;k,¡ (OMO)
•• Í.k dh lhekvksa (Margins) esa ifjorZu djuk lk[k&fu;a=k.k dh dkSUk&lh jhfr osQ iz;ksx }kjk lEHko gS\ & xq.kkRed lk[k fu;a=k.k
•• ^LekVZ euh* 'kCn dk iz;ksx gksrk gS & ØsfMV dkMZ osQ fy,_ (bls IykfLVd euh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA)
jk"V™h; vk;
^ts-,e- dhUl* osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªh; vk; ,d o"kZ osQ nkSjku ,d ns'k esa mRikfnr lHkh oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ ekSfnzd ewY;
dk ;ksx gksrk gSA foLr`r vFkks± esa jk"Vªh; vk; ls vk'k; fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fu/kZfjr vof/ (tks ,d o"kZ dh gksrh gS) esa mRikfnr
leLr vafre oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ 'kq¼ ekSfnzd ewY; osQ ;ksx ls gS] lkFk gh bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kk tkrk gS fd jk"Vªh; vk;
osQ vuqeku esa fdlh oLrq ;k lsok osQ ewY; dh nksgjh x.kuk uk gksA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
jk"Vªh; vk; fdlh fuf'pr le;kof/ esa fdlh ns'k osQ }kjk dh xbZ izxfr osQ vuqeku vkSj mlosQ rqyukRed vè;;u esa
lgk;rk djrk gSA
jk"Vªh; vk; osQ v/;;u osQ vU; egÙo Hkh gSa&
•• vkfFkZd fodkl dk vuqeku yxkukA
•• jk"Vªh; vk; osQ {ks=kokj ;ksxnku dks tkuus osQ fy,A
•• fodkl y{;ksa dh leh{kk djus ,oa ;fn blls nwj gSa] rks fLFkfr tkuus gsrqA
jk"Vªh; vk; dh vo/kj.kk osQ fuEufyf[kr rhu izeq[k i{k gSa&
1- jk"Vªh; vk; oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ mRiknu dk fujarj pyus okyk izokg gS] tcfd jk"Vªh; lEifÙk ,d fo'ks"k le; fcUnq
ij fdlh ns'k osQ yksxksa osQ ikl fo|eku oLrqvksa dk laxzg gSA vFkkZr jk"Vªh; vk; ,d izokg gS] laxzg ughaA
2- nksgjh x.kuk dh xyrh ls cpus osQ fy, jk"Vªh; vk; esa osQoy vafre oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh cktkj dhersa 'kkfey dh
tkrh gSa] pkgs os fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gksaA
3- jk"Vªh; vk; dh vo/kj.kk osQ lkFk le; dh vof/ tqM+h jgrh gSA lkekU;r% ,d o"kZ dh vof/ yh tkrh gS] D;ksafd o"kZ
dh vof/ esa ns'k dh lHkh oLrqvksa dk lekos'k gks tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vk¡dM+s 1 vizSy ls 31 ekpZ foÙkh;
o"kZ ij vkèkkfjr gSaA
jk"V™h; vk; dh vo/kkj.kk
1- ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (Gross Domestic Product–GDP)% ,d o"kZ esa fdlh ns'k dh HkkSxksfyd lhek osQ varxZr mRikfnr
lHkh vafre oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dk dqy cktkj ewY; gksrk gSA thMhih lHkh ?kjsyw mRiknuksa dk ekiu djrk gS pkgs og mRiknu ?kjsyw
fuokfl;ksa osQ }kjk ;k fons'kh ukxfjdksa }kjk fd;k x;k gSA blesa eè;e@eè;orhZ oLrqvksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk gS] cfYd fliQZ
vafre miHkksx osQ fy, iz;qDr oLrqvksa ;k fofu;ksx oLrqvksa dks gh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA thMhih fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ vkfFkZd
izn'kZu dk vk/kjHkwr eki gSA blosQ c<+us ls yksxksa osQ HkkSfrd dY;k.k esa lq/kj gksrk gSA bldh x.kuk nks vk/kjksa ij dh tkrh gS&
dkjd ewY; ij vk/kkfjr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDPFC)
cktkj ewY; ij vk/kkfjr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDPMP)
dkjd ewY; ij vk/kfjr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDPFC): fdlh oLrq ;k lsok osQ mRiknu esa miHkksx ;k iz;qDr mRiknd
dkjdksa osQ laiw.kZ ewY; dks iQSDVj dkWLV dgk tkrk gSA fdlh oLrq ;k lsok osQ mRiknu esa dbZ rjg dh phtksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk
gS tSls fd Hkwfe] Je (osru ;k etwnjh)] iw¡th] e'khuksa dh [kjhn ;k fdjk;k] m|ferk bR;kfnA bu oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ mRiknd
mRiknu osQ nkSjku bu dkjdksa osQ ykxr dk vkdyu djrs gSaA blosQ i'pkr ml oLrq ;k lsok dk ewY; fu/kZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA iSQDVj
dkWLV esa ljdkj dks Hkqxrku fd;s x;s dj dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd ;g izR;{k rkSj ij mRiknu izfØ;k esa 'kkfey ugha
gksrk gS ijarq ;fn dksbZ lfClMh izkIr dh tkrh gS rks mls iSQDVj dkWLV esa t:j 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd og mRiknu dh ykxr
dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
iSQDVj dkWLV dks thMhih dh ^fo'kq¼ mRikn (usV izksMDV) ;k ^fo'kq¼ ewY; o¼Zu* (net value added) i¼fr Hkh dgk
tkrk gSaA bl i¼fr esa fodkl nj vkdyu osQ fy, rhu pj.kksa dks viuk;k tkrk gS_
•• ?kjsyw mRiknu dk ldy ewY;
•• varoZrhZ miHkksx dk vkdyu_ vafre oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ mRiknu esa lkefxz;ksa] vkiwfrZ o lsokvksa dk ykxr ewY;
•• ?kjsyw mRiknu dk fo'kq¼ ewY; fudkyus gsrq ldy ewY; esa ls varoZrhZ miHkksx dks ?kVkdj ?kjsyw mRiknu dk fo'kq¼ ewY; ;k
iQSDVj dkWLV fudkyk tkrk gSA
•• cktkj ewY; ij vk/kfjr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDPMP): tc fdlh OkLrq ;k lsok dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS rc mls fu/kZfjr
cktkj nj ij cktkj esa cspk tkrk gSA cktkj ewY; og ewY; gS ftls ,d miHkksDrk }kjk [kjhnrs le; fdlh foØsrk dks lkSaik
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
tkrk gSA cktkj ewY; fudkyus osQ fy, iSQDVj dkWLV esa ljdkj dks Hkqxrku fd;s x;s dj dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS tcfd
ljdkj }kjk nh xbZ lfClMh dks iSQDVj dkWLV esa ls ?kVk fn;k tkrk gSA cktkj ewY; esa dj dks blfy, 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS
D;ksafd og oLrq ;k lsok osQ foØ; ewY; dks c<+k nsrk gS tcfd lfClMh dks blfy, ?kVk fn;k tkrk gS D;ksafd iQSDVj dkWLV
fu/kZj.k osQ le; gh mldh x.kuk dj yh tkrh gS blfy, lfClMh dh nks ckj x.kuk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA
•• ukWfeuy thMhih% ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk og vk¡dM+k ftleas eqnzkLiQhfr dks lek;ksftr ugha fd;k x;k gksrk gS] ukWfeuy thMhih
dgk tkrk gSA
•• okLrfod thMhih% okLrfod thMhih esa eqnzkLiQhfr dks lek;ksftr dj fy;k tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS ukWfeuy thMhih vDlj
okLrfod thMhih ls vf/d gksrk gSA
2- ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn (Gross National Product– GNP): ,d fuf'pr vof/ esa fdlh ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa }kjk mRikfnr
leLr vafre oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ dqy ekSfnzd ewY; dks ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn dgrs gSaA blesa ns'kokfl;ksa }kjk ns'k osQ ckgj mRikfnr
oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ ewY; dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa ns'k osQ ckgj ls izkIr 'kq¼ vk; dks
tksM+ nsus ij ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn izkIr gks tkrk gSA ns'k osQ ckgj ls izkIr vk; dh x.kuk djrs le; izoklh ns'kokfl;ksa }kjk ns'k esa
Hksth xbZ vk; esa ls ns'k esa jg jgs fonsf'k;ksa }kjk vius ns'k dks Hksth xbZ jkf'k dks ?kVk nsrs gSaA ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn dh x.kuk dks
fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k }kjk n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS&
GNP= GDP + (X–M) tgk¡ GNP = ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn
GDP= ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
X = ns'kokfl;ksa }kjk fons'kksa esa vftZr vk;
M = fonsf'k;ksa }kjk ns'k esa vftZr vk;
3- fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn (Net National Product): ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn esa ls iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ßkl ;k f?klkoV]
ejEer dk O;;] dj] chek O;;] vkfn ?kVk nsus ls tks 'ks"k cprk gS] mls fuoy ;k 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; mRikn dgrs gSaA
fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn ¾ ldy jk"Vªh; mRiknu&ewY;ßkl
4- jk"Vªh; vk; (National Income) : 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; mRikn osQ varxZr mRikfnr oLrqvksa osQ cktkj ewY; fufgr gksrs gSa_
ftuesa vizR;{k dj ,oa lfClMh Hkh lfEefyr gksrh gSA tc ,u,uih dh eki lk/u ykxr ij (NNP at Factor cost) dh tkrh gS]
rks mls jk"Vªh; vk; dgrs gSaA lk/u ykxr ij ewY;ksa dk rkRi;Z ml O;; ls gS tks mRiknd] mRiknu osQ lk/uksa dks mudh lsokvksa
osQ fy, nsrk gS vFkkZr~
lk/u ykxr ij 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; vk; ¾ cktkj dher ij NNP – vizR;{k dj $ lfClMh
jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk lkekU;r% pkyw rFkk fLFkj dherksa ij dh tkrh gSA ysfdu fdlh ns'k dh okLrfod lao`f¼ dk ewY;kadu
djus osQ fy, fLFkj dherksa ij gh jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA bl le; Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; vk; dk vk/kj o"kZ 2011&12 gSA
5- futh vk; % futh vk; og vk; gS] ftlesa futh m|fe;ksa vkSj etnwjksa }kjk izkIr lk/u vk; vkSj ljdkj o 'ks"k fo'o
ls izkIr orZeku gLrkarj.k Hkqxrku rFkk vkdfLed ykHk tSls en 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSaA bl izdkj&
futh vk; ¾ futh {ks=k osQ varZxr gksus okys ?kjsyw mRikn ls izkIr dkjd vk; $ jk"Vªh; ½.k C;kt $ fons'kksa ls izkIr fuoy
dkjd vk; $ ljdkj ls pkyw varj.k $ 'ks"k fo'o ls vU; fuoy varj.kA
6- izfrO;fDr vk; % fdlh ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk; esa mldh tula[;k ls Hkkx nsus ij tks izfriQy izkIr gksrk gS] mls izfr
O;fDr vk; dgrs gSa&
izfrO;fDr vk; ¾ jk"Vªh; vk; @ tula[;k
izfr O;fDr vk; fdlh ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa dks izkIr gksus okyh vkSlr vk; dh ekSfnzd tkudkjh nsrk gSA bldk mi;ksx ,d
ns'k osQ fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=kksa uxjksa ;k jkT;ksa bR;kfn osQ thou Lrj dk vuqeku yxkus osQ fy, Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa izfrO;fDr
vk; dk vkdyu jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh laxBu }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• O;fDrxr vk; dk laiw.kZ Hkkx O;; osQ fy, ugha gksrkA bldk ,d Hkkx izR;{k dj osQ :i esa gekjs gkFk ls ckgj fudy tkrk
gS rFkk tks 'ks"k cprk gS mls O;; ;ksX; vk; ;k iz;ksT; vk; dgk tkrk gSA
O;; ;ksX; vk; ¾ O;fDrxr vk; & O;fDrxr dj vnk;xh
7- ldy fuf'pr iw¡th fuekZ.k (th,iQlh,iQ) % blesa Hkw&lao¼Zu_ la;a=k] e'khu o midj.kksa dh [kjhn rFkk lM+d] jsy]
Ldwy] vLirky] futh vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k bR;kfn dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
jk"V™h; vk; dh fofHkUu x.kuk fof/k
vk; mRiknu izfØ;k osQ tfj, mRiUUk gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij vk; dk mi;ksx oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ Ø; osQ fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA oLrqvksa dh ekax c<+rh gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa mRiknd] mRiknu Hkh vf/d djrk gSA bl izdkj vk; osQ c<+us ls O;; c<+rk gS
vkSj blls mRiknu c<+rk gSA dqy feykdj mRiknu] vk; vkSj O;; vkil esa izR;{k rkSj ij lacaf/r gSaA
blh vk/kj ij jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk fuEufyf[kr fof/;ksa osQ vk/kj ij dh tkrh gSA
•• mRikn fof/ (Product Method) : mRikn fof/ dh x.kuk fdlh ns'k esa ,d foÙkh; o"kZ osQ nkSjku dqy mRiknu osQ vkèkkj
ij dh tkrh gSA
mRikn x.kuk fof/ esa dqy jk"Vªh; vk; esa ls dPps eky dk ewY;] e'khu dh f?klkoV] dj chek O;; bR;kfn vko';d
[kpks± dks fudky fn;k tkrk gSA blesa ls fons'kksa dks nh tkus okyh jkf'k dks Hkh fudkyk tkrk gS vkSj fons'kksa ls izkIr gksus okyh vk;
dks mlesa tksM+k tkrk gS] ftls 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; vk; dgk tkrk gSA
orZeku esa jk"Vªh; vk; esa vfèkdre ;ksxnku lsok {ks=k dk gS] tcfd U;wure ;ksxnku izkFkfed {ks=k dk gSA jk"Vªh; vk; esa
izkFkfed {ks=k fo'ks"kr% Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku fujarj ?kV jgk gS vkSj lsok {ks=k dk ;ksxnku fujarj c<+rh fLFkfr esa gSA
•• vk; fof/ ( Income Method) : vk; fof/ esa ns'k osQ laiw.kZ O;fDr;ksa dh vk; dks tksM+k tkrk gSA blesa jk"Vªh; vk; dh
eki djrs le; è;ku j[kk tkrk gS fd ,d gh vk; dks nks ckj u tksM+k tk,A ftl ns'k esa vf/dka'k O;fDr vk; dj nsrs
gksa] mlosQ fy, ;g fof/ vf/d mi;qDr gSA fodflr ns'kksa osQ fy, ;g fof/ lokZfèkd mi;qDr gSA blesa fons'k ls Hkkjrh;
ukxfjdksa }kjk mRiknu osQ fofHkUu lkèkuksa ls izkIr vk; dks Hkh 'kkfey dj nsus ls jk"Vªh; vk; dh izkfIr gks tkrh gSA dqtusV~l
us vk; x.kuk fof/ dks îzkIr vk; fof/* Hkh dgk gSA
•• O;; fof/ (Expenditure Method) : jk"Vªh; vk; dh O;; x.kuk fof/ (Expenditure Method) osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªh; vk;
dqy mi;ksx ,oa cprksa dk ;ksx gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa ij fd, x, [kpZ dks tksM+dj dh
tk ldrh gSA ljdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk futh {ks=k mi;ksx vkSj mRiknu osQ mís'; ls iSls [kpZ djrs gSaA bl izdkj ,d ns'k esa ,d
foÙkh; o"kZ osQ nkSjku fd, x, dqy [kpks± osQ cjkcj jk"Vªh; vk; gksrh gSA lkekU; :i ls bl fof/ dk iz;ksx de fd;k tkrk
gS] D;ksafd mi;ksx vkSj cPkr osQ lgh vk¡dMs+ eqf'dy ls miyC/ gksrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk osQ fy, mRiknu x.kuk fof/ vkSj vk; x.kuk fof/ dk lfEefJ.k iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu
nksuksa fof/;ksa ls izkIr vk; dks tksM+dj mlesa ?kjsyw lEifÙk ls izkIr vk; vkSj oqQN vU; {ks=kksa ls izkIr vk; dks tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA
bl ;ksx ls mRiknu osQ nkSjku iz;qDr gksus okyh oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ ewY; dks ?kVk nsrs gSaA blosQ ckn bl izkIr jkf'k esa fons'kksa ls
vftZr 'kq¼ vk; dks tksM+ nsus ls ns'k osQ jk"Vªh; vk; dk vkdyu gks tkrk gSA
•• lkekftd ys[kkadu fof/ (Social Accounting Method) : 1984 esa vFkZ'kkL=k osQ ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk izks- ^fjpMZ LVksu* us
jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk osQ fy, ,d ubZ fof/ fodflr dh ftls lkekftd ys[kkadu fof/ (Social Accounting Method) dgk
tkrk gSA bl fof/ esa fofHkUu izdkj osQ ys[kkvksa vkSj ysu&nsu dks fofHkUu oxks± esa ckaVk tkrk gS fiQj bu fofHkUu oxks± osQ ;ksXk
dk lkewghdj.k djosQ jk"Vªh; vk; Kkr dh tkrh gSA lkekftd ys[kkadu fof/ dks jk"Vªh; vk; ys[kkadu (National Income
Accounting) vFkok vkfFkZd ys[kkadu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
Hkkjr esa jk"V™h; vk; vkdyu dh leL;k,°

fo'o osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa esa jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vkdyu gsrq vyx&vyx ekinaM gSaA Hkkjr eas Hkh jk"Vªh; vk; vkdyu esa vkus
okyh leL;kvksa osQ dkj.k gh blesa l;e≤ ij cnyko gksrs jgs gSaA jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vkdyu dk vè;;u ge fuEufyf[kr :i
esa dj loQrs gSa&
jk"Vªh; vk; vkdyu dh O;kogkfjd leL;k,¡
•• y?kq mRikndksa ;k ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dh vk; osQ laca/ esa vk¡dM+k miyC/ u gksukA
•• Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa voS/ vk; ;k dkys /u dk fo'kky vfLrRo gS] ftls dkyh vFkZO;oLFkk (Black Economy) dgk
tkrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; vlekurkvksa osQ dkj.k mRiknu osQ vk¡dM+ksa (fo'ks"k :i ls vlaxfBr {ks=k esa) dk vf/d O;kid o laiw.kZ gksuk
vko';d gSA
•• dk;Zdkjh tula[;k osQ O;kolkf;d forj.k osQ laca/ esa iw.kZ tkudkjh dk vHkkoA
•• fo'oluh; lkaf[;dh lkexzh dh vuqiyC/rkA
lS¼kafrd leL;k,a¡ % jk"Vªh; vk; ys[kk iz.kkyh esa jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vkdyu ls lacaf/r nks eq[; lS¼kafrd leL;k,¡ gSaA
igyh leL;k lsokvksa dks jk"Vªh; mRikn esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ u gksus osQ ckotwn Hkh ?kjsyw
lsokvksa osQ okf.kfT;dj.k ls jk"Vªh; vk; c<+ ldrh gS] tks mfpr ugha gSA
nwljh leL;k ;g gS fd iz'kklfud lsokvksa dk dkSu&lk Hkkx O;kikfjd iQeks± osQ izfr lsok esa gS] tks vius mRiknu osQ ewY;
esa lfEefyr jgus osQ dkj.k ugha fxuk tkuk pkfg, rFkk dkSu&lk Hkkx O;fDr;ksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa osQ :i esa turk osQ izfr lsok esa
gS] ftldh x.kuk dh tkuh pkfg,A
Hkkjr esa jk"V™h; vk; dk vuqeku
•• Hkkjr esa Lora=krk ls iwoZ dqN O;fDr;ksa }kjk lhfer rF;ksa osQ vk/kj ij jk"Vªh; vk; dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu vi;kZIr
vk¡dM+ksa osQ vk/kj ij rS;kj bu vuqekuksa dks vf/d fo'oluh; ugha ekuk tk ldrkA
•• Hkkjr esa lcls igys 1867 esa nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth us jk"Vªh; vk; dk vuqeku yxk;k rFkk viuh iqLrd îkoVhZ ,aM vufczfV'k :y
bu bafM;k* esa izfr O;fDr vk; 20 #i, iznf'kZr dhA
•• Lora=krk iwoZ osQ vuqekuksa esa nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth lesr 'kkg] fiaQMys f'kjkt vkSj okfM;k ,oa tks'kh us Ñf"k {ks=k osQ mRiknu dk
ewY; izkIr dj blesa ,d fuf'pr izfr'kr Ñf"k fHkUu {ks=k osQ Hkkx osQ :i esa tksM+ fn;kA bu vuqekuksa dh ekU;rkvksa dk dksbZ
oSKkfud vk/kj u FkkA
jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr % Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ ljdkj us vkfFkZd vk;kstu osQ fy, jk"Vªh; vk; ls lacaf/r vkadM+ksa dk egÙo
le>rs gq, bldk vuqeku yxkus osQ fy, 1949 esa ih-lh- egkyuksfcl dh vè;{krk esa ,d ^jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr* dh LFkkiuk dhA
•• LFkkiuk & 5 vxLr] 1949
•• izFke vè;{k & ih-lh- egkyuksfcl
•• lnL; & MkW-Mh-vkj-xkMfxy ,oa izks-oh-osQ-vkj-oh-jko
•• lfpo & ,e-,e- eq[kthZ
•• fons'kh lykgdkj & izks- lkbeu dqtusV~l] izks- ts- vkj- LVksu ,oa MkW- ts-ch-Mh- MdZlu
•• jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr us viuh izFke fjiksVZ esa 1948&49 ls 1950&51 osQ rhu o"kks± osQ fy, pkyw ewY;ksa osQ vk/kj ij jk"Vªh;
vk; osQ vuqeku izLrqr fd,A
•• jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr }kjk 1954 esa izdkf'kr vafre fjiksVZ osQ i'pkr~ jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vkdyu dk dk;Z osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu
dks lkSai fn;k x;kA bl le; jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vk¡dM+ksa dk izdk'ku osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu }kjk gh fd;k tkrk FkkA
•• mYys[kuh; gS fd jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr osQ vè;{k ih-lh- egkyuksfcl osQ tUefnu 29 twu dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ^jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh
fnol* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
jk"V™h; vk; ls lacaf/kr egŸoiw.kZ rF;

•• LVkWd ,oa izokg % LVkWd dk ekiu fdlh fuf'pr le; fcUnq (Point in Time) vkSj izokg dh ,d le;kof/ (Over a period)
ij fd;k tkrk gSA ,d VSad esa ,df=kr ty LVkWd gS] tcfd unh ikuh dk izokg gS jk"Vªh; vk; ,d izokg ladYiuk gSA
•• gLrkarj.k Hkqxrku % gLrkarj.k Hkqxrku (Transfer Payment) cktkj iz.kkyh esa vk; dk iquZforj.k gSA ;g ljdkj }kjk vius
ukxfjdksa dks eqnzk osQ :i esa miyC/ djk;k tkrk gSA tSls o``¼koLFkk isa'ku] csjkstxkjh HkÙkk] lkekftd dY;k.k dk;ZØe] Nk=ko`fr]
lkekftd lqj{kk vkfnA fu;kZrdksa] fdlkuksa] fofuekZrkvksa dks ljdkj }kjk nh xbZ lfClMh dks gLrkarj.k Hkqxrku esa 'kkfey ugha
fd;k tkrk gSA gLrkarj.k Hkqxrku jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk ls ckgj ekuk tkrk gSA
•• fxuh xq.kkad % ,d ns'k osQ varxZr vk; ;k lEifr osQ forj.k esa O;kIr vlekurk dh lkaf[;dh eki dks fxuh xq.kkad
(coefficient of Ginni) dgk tkrk gSA fxuh xq.kkad ls vk'k; gksrk gS fd leLr vk; dk laosaQnz.k ,d gh O;fDr osQ ikl gSA
nwljh rjiQ fxuh xq.kkad dk eku 'kwU; gksus ij lekt esa vkfFkZd lekurk ugha ik;h tkrhA fxuh xq.kkad dk eku ftruk vf/d
gksxk] lekt esa vlekurk Hkh mruh vf/d gksxhA
•• ldy jk"Vªh; [kq'kgkyh % ldy jk"Vªh; [kq'kgkyh dk lwpdkad HkwVku esa igyh ckj iz;ksx esa yk;k x;kA bl lwpdkad osQ
rgr LokLF;] f'k{kk] ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k] laLÑfr] lkeqnkf;d thou] le; dk mRÑ"V iz;ksx] thou Lrj] lq'kklu] euksoSKkfud
HkykbZ vkfn ekudksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA HkwVku ujs'k ftXes [kslj okaxpqd us 1972 esa thMhih dh txg ldy jk"Vªh;
[kq'kgkyh ij Hkjkslk trk;k FkkA
•• fgUnw o`f¼ nj (Hindu Rate of Growth): fgUnw o`f¼ nj jk"Vªh; vk; vFkok Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh okLrfod o`f¼ ls
lacaf/r gSA bl vo/kj.kk osQ izfriknd izks- jktÑ".k FksA 1991 ls igys vkSj Lok/hurk osQ izFke rhu n'kd (1950&80 osQ
chp) osQ nkSjku Hkkjr (lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk) dh okLrfod vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj 3-5» izfro"kZ nj ls c<+us osQ dkj.k bls ^fgUnw
o`f¼ nj* osQ uke ls vfHkO;Dr fd;k tkrk FkkA fgUnw o`f¼ nj dh vof/ esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj 3&4 izfr'kr osQ
chp FkhA iwoZ osQUnzh; lapkj ea=kh v:.k 'kkSjh us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh 3&4 izfr'kr dh bl o`f¼ nj dks ^lektoknh o`f¼
nj* dh laKk nh FkhA gkyk¡ fd 1991 esa vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k osQ ckn ykblsal jkt o dksVk ;qx osQ lekiu ls Hkkjr fgUnw o`f¼
nj ls ckgj vkus esa liQy gqvkA fgUnw o`f¼ nj ls ckgj fudys gq, Hkkjr dks rhu n'kd gks x, gSa vkSj orZeku esa Hkkjr 7&8»
osQ chp vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj gkfly dj jgk gSA
•• gfjr jk"Vªh; vk; (Green National Income) : gfjr jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk] o"kZ esa oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ mRiknu osQ ;ksx
esa ls mRiknu dh izfØ;k esa ns'k osQ i;kZoj.k vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh dks tks {kfr igq¡prh gS] mlosQ ekSfnzd ewY; dks de dj fn;k
tkrk gSA vFkkZr xzhu th,uih ,d nh gqbZ le;kof/ esa izfr O;fDr mRiknu dh og laHkkoh ek=kk gS] tks fd izkÑfrd lEink
dks fLFkj cuk, j[krs gq, izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
xzhu th,uih = dqN o`f¼ & izkÑfrd ;k i;kZoj.kh; ßkl
^mQtkZ ,oa lalk/u laLFkku* }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj orZeku esa ns'k esa v'kq¼ is;ty ,oa iznwf"kr ok;q osQ dkj.k
izfro"kZ 6 yk[k yksx e`R;q ;k :X.krk osQ f'kdkj gksrs gSa] ftldh dqy ykxr jk"Vªh; vk; osQ 3-6» osQ cjkcj gksrh gSA blh laLFkku
}kjk o"kZ 1997 osQ fy, izdkf'kr vuqeku osQ vuqlkj ou {ks=k vkSj ouksa dh l?kurk esa deh osQ iQyLo:i bekjrh ydM+h ,oa vU;
mRiknksa esa vkbZ deh] ty lzksrksa esa vkbZ fxjkoV] Ñf"k mRiknu esa deh] ok;qeaMyh; iznw"k.k esa o`f¼ vkfn osQ :i esa gksus okyh {kfr
jk"Vªh; vk; osQ 10» osQ cjkcj FkhA laLFkku us ;g Hkh vuqeku yxk;k Fkk fd tyok;q ifjorZu osQ dkj.k o"kZ 2100 rd Hkkjr dks
gksus okyh {kfr mldh jk"Vªh; vk; osQ 9 ls 13» osQ cjkcj gksxhA
•• eSØks oYujsfCyVh baMsDl (macro-vulnerability index-MVI) : bl lwpdkad esa fdlh ns'k osQ jktdks"kh; ?kkVk] pkyw [kkrk
?kkVk rFkk eqnzkLiQhfr dk la;qDr :i ls ekiu fd;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 2012 esa Hkkjr dk lwpdkad ewY; 22-4 Fkk vkSj og mnh;eku
ns'kksa esa fo'o dk lcls oYujscy ns'k FkkA ijarq vkt mnh;eku ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr esa lokZf/d lq/kj gqvk gS vkSj rqdhZ
o nf{k.k vizQhdk tSls mnh;eku ns'kksa ls vkxs fudy x;kA vc Hkkjr dk lwpdkad ewY; 12 gSA
•• ijpsftax ikoj iSfjVh (PPP) % ijpsftax ikWoj iSfjVh ;kuh Ø;'kfDr rqY;rk (ihihih) bl fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr gS fd êqnzkvksa
osQ chp fofu;e nj dk nh?kkZofèkd esa fu/kZj.k oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh ek=kk dks [kjhnus dh {kerk ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gS*
ifjogu ykxr ,oa iz'kqYdksa dh vuqifLFkfr esa] O;kikj ;ksX; oLrq,¡ ,d ns'k osQ eqdkcys nwljs ns'k esa lLrh gksrh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
esa O;kikjh ftl ns'k esa oLrq lLrh gS ogk¡ ls [kjhndj nwljs ns'k esa cspsxkA bl rjg lkisf{kd ewY; Lrj larqfyr fofue; nj
(equilibrium exchange rate) dks fu/kZfjr djrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk;s rks ;g fl¼kar crkrk gS fd êqnzkvksa osQ chp
fofue; nj larqfyr gksxh ;fn nksuksa ns'kksa esa Ø;'kfDr leku gksA
•• Ø;'kfDr ;k ijpsftax ikoj % eqnzk dh izR;sd bdkbZ okLrfod oLrq ,oa lsok dks ftruk [kjhn ldrh gS og eqnzk dh
Ø;'kfDr dgykrh gSA bl rjg Ø;'kfDr o mi;qDr ewY; lwpdkad esa ikjLifjdrk gksrh gSA ewY; osQ c<+us ls eqnzk dh Ø;'kfDr
de gks tkrh gSA
jk"V™h; vk; ds vkdyu ls la ca f/kr egŸoiw.kZ la LFkku

1- osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu (CSO): osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu dh LFkkiuk 2 ebZ] 1951 dks dh xbZ FkhA bldk eq[;ky; ubZ
fnYyh esa fLFkr gS ,oa lh,lvks dh ^vkS|ksfxd lkaf[;dh 'kk[kk* dksydkrk esa fLFkr gSA
•• osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh laxBu lkaf[;dh ekudksa osQ izfriknu vkSj vuqj{k.k] jk"Vªh; ys[kk ls lacaf/r dk;ks±] vkS|ksfxd vk¡dM+ksa] gkFk
ls dk;Z u djus okys 'kgjh deZpkfj;ksa osQ fy, miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad] vkfFkZd tux.kuk ,oa losZ{k.k] 'kkldh; lkaf[;dh
dk izf'k{k.k ns'k esa dh tk jgh lkaf[;dh xfrfof/;ksa dk leUo; vkSj lkaf[;dh ls lacaf/r ekeyksa esa varjkZ"Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa ls
rkyesy osQ fy, ftEesnkj gSA
•• lh-,l-vks viuk okf"kZd izdk'ku jk"Vªh; ys[kk lkaf[;dh osQ uke ls tkjh djrk gSA bls 'osr i=k (White paper) Hkh dgrs gSaA
jk"Vªh; vk; osQ fuxZeu osQ fy, izkFkfed] f}rh; ,oa r`rh;d {ks=kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
2- jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu (NSSO) : ;kstuk ,oa uhfr&fuekZ.k esa mi;ksx gsrq jk"VªO;kih izfrn'kZ losZ{k.kksa osQ }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk
osQ fofo/ {ks=kksa ls vk¡dM+ksa osQ laxzg gsrq ,d LFkk;h losZ{k.k laxBu cukus osQ mís'; ls izks- egkyuksfcl dh vè;{krk okyh
jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr dh vuq'kalkvksa osQ vuqlj.k esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1950 esa jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ (uewuk) losZ{k.k laxBu
(National Sample Survey Organization- NSSO) dk xBu fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k lkekU;r% ,d o"kZ dh vof/
(tqykbZ&twu) osQ nkSjku lapkfyr fd;k tkus okyk ,d fujarj losZ{k.k dk;ZØe gSA
3- jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh; vk;ksx (National Statistical Commission) : ns'k dh egÙoiw.kZ lkaf[;dh xfrfof/;ksa dh uksMy ,tsalh
osQ :i esa uoxfBr jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh; vk;ksx (NSC) us tqykbZ] 2006 ls dk;Z izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA vk;ksx dk iw.kZdkfyd
lfpoky; ubZ fnYyh esa cuk;k x;k gSA jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh; vk;ksx osQ xBu osQ i'pkr~ jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu dk vkSfpR;
ugha osQ cjkcj jg x;kA blh lanHkZ esa osQUnzh; lkaf[;dh; laxBu (CSO) esa jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu (NSSO) dk foy; dj
fn;k x;kA
ljdkj us lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;ZØe fØ;kUo;u ea=kky; osQ rgr~ jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu osQ lkFk (NSSO) osaQnzh; lkaf[;dh
dk;kZy; osQ foy; dks eatwjh nh gSA tks fj”koZ cSad osQ iwoZ xouZj lh- jaxjktu dh vè;{krk eas xfBr lfefr dh fliQkfj'kkas ij vk/kfjr gSA
•• ;g IkquxZBu vkf/dkfjd vk¡dM+kas ij izLrkfor jk"Vªh; uhfr osQ vuq:i gSA
•• ;g uhfr jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx osQ lfpo osQ :i eas Hkkjr osQ eq[; lkaf[;dhfon~ dh Hkwfedk dks lekIr djus dk lq>ko
nsrh gSA
•• MOSPI us dgk fd ;g iquxZBu ekStwnk uksMy dk;ks± dks lqO;ofLFkr vkSj etcwr djsxk vkSj ea=kky; osQ varxZr Ikz'kklfud dk;ks±
dks ,dhÑr djosQ vf/d lkeatL; LFkkfir djsxkA
•• izLrkfor NSO dk usr`Ro MOSPI lfpo }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
u;s la'kks/ku (New Revision)

tuojh 2015 esa lh-,l-vks- }kjk jk"Vªh; vk; osQ ys[kkdau laca/h la'kks/u fd, x,] tks fuEu izdkj gSa&
(i) vk/kj o"kZ (Base Year) dks 2004&05 ls la'kksf/r djosQ 2011&12 fd;k x;kA
(ii) jk"Vªh; vk; osQ ys[kkadu fof/ esa ifjorZu fd;k x;k] bls vc varjkZ"Vªh; O;ogkj osQ vuqlkj fd;k x;kA
(iii) vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj vc th-Mh-ih- osQ LFkk;h cktkj ewY;ksa ij gksxh] igys bls th-Mh-ih- osQ LFkk;h ewY;ksa ,oa dkjd ykxr
ij vkdfyr fd;k tkrk FkkA
(iv) th-Mh-ih- dks ldy ewY;o/Zu (Gross Value Added) fof/ ls fudkyk tk,xkA blosQ fy, vkèkkfjd@ewYk ewY;ksa (Basic Prices)
dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA ubZ fof/ esa jk"Vªh; x.kuk fuEu izdkj ls gksxhA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
ewy dherksa ij th-oh-,- = lh-bZ-$vks-,l- @ ,e-vkbZ $ lh-,iQ-lh $ mRiknu lfClMh jfgr mRiknu dj
dkjd ykxr ij th-oh-,- = ewy dherksa ij th-oh-,- & mRiknu lfClMh jfgr mRiknu dj
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn = ewy dherksa ij ldy th-oh-,- $ mRikn dj&mRikn lfClMh
mijksDr lw=k esa of.kZr 'kCnkofy;ksa dk iw.kZ vFkZ fuEu izdkj ls gS&
th-oh-,- (Gross Value Added): ldy ewY; o¼Zu
lh-bZ (Compensation of Employees): deZpkfj;ksa dh {kfriwfrZ
vks-,l- (Operating Surplus): ifjpkyu vf/'ks"k
,e-vkbZ- (Mixed Income): fefJr vk;
lh-,iQ-lh- (Consumption of Fixed Capital): vpy iw¡th dk miHkksx
mRiknu djksa osQ mnkgj.k% Hkw&jktLo] LVkEi vkSj iath;u 'kqYd ,oa O;kolkf;d djA
mRiknu lfClMh osQ mnkgj.k% jsyos] fdlkuksa] xkao ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa] fuxe ,oa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks nh tkrh gSA
mRikn dj osQ mnkgj.k% mRikn dj] fcØh dj] lsok dj] bR;kfnA
mRikn lfClMh osQ mnkgj.k% [kk|kUu] isVªksfy;e] moZjd] bR;kfn ij fn, tkrs gSaA
eqnzkLQhfr
eqækLiQhfr (inflation) dk vFkZ ;g gksrk gS fd tc fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkekU; dher Lrj yxkrkj c<+s vkSj eqæk dk
ewY; de gks tk,A ;g xf.krh; vkdyu ij vk/kfjr ,d vFkZ'kkL=kh; vo/kj.kk gS ftlls cktkj esa eqæk dk çlkj o oLrqvksa dh
dherksa esa o`f¼ ;k deh dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA
vxj vFkZO;oLFkk esa dher dqN le; osQ fy, c<+rh gS vkSj fiQj de gks tkrh gS vkSj fiQj nqckjk c<+rh gS rks ge bls
eqækLiQhfr ugha dgsaxsA eqækLiQhfr esa rks lkekU; dher Lrj yxkrkj c<+uk pkfg,A ,d fuf'pr vk; oxZ okys yksxksa ij eqækLiQhfr dk
cqjk çHkko iM+rk gS D;ksafd mldh vk; fuf'pr gksrh gS vkSj tc dhersa c<+rha gSa rks mudh Ø; 'kfÙkQ de gks tkrh gS bl çdkj
,d fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqækLiQhfr dk cgqr Hka;dj çHkko iM+rk gSA
eqækLiQhfr leLr vFkZ'kkL=kh; 'kCnksa esa laHkor% lokZf/d yksdfç; gSA fdarq bls ifjHkkf"kr djuk ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA fofHkUu
fo}kuksa us bldh fHkUu&fHkUu ifjHkk"kk nh gS%
•• cgqr de eky osQ fy, cgqr vf/d /u dh vkiwfrZ gks tkus ls bldk tUe gks tkrk gSA
•• eky ;k lsok dh vkiwfrZ dh rqyuk esa ek¡x vf/d gks tkus ij Hkh bldk tUe gks tkrk gSA
•• vkiwfrZ esa nks"k] xR;kojks/ rFkk <k¡pkxr vlarqyu osQ pyrs Hkh eqæk LiQhfr iuirh gSA
eqnzkLiQhfr dks ekius osQ fy, CSO }kjk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS%
(1) Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (2) miHkksÙkQk ewY; lwpdkad
Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad
•• Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (Wholesale Price Index) ,d ewY; lwpdkad gS tks dqN pquh gqbZ oLrqvksa osQ lkewfgd vkSlr ewY; dk
çfrfuf/Ro djrk gSA Hkkjr vkSj fiQyhihUl vkfn ns'k Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad esa ifjorZu dks eg¡xkbZ esa ifjorZu osQ lwpd osQ :i
esa bLrseky djrs gSaA fdUrq Hkkjr vkSj la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk vc mRiknd ewY; lwpdkad (producer price index) dk ç;ksx
djus yxs gSaA
•• Hkkjr esa Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad dks vk/kj eku dj eg¡xkbZ nj dh x.kuk gksrh gSA gkyk¡fd Fkksd ewY; vkSj •qnjk ewY; esa dkiQh
varj gksus osQ dkj.k bl fof/ dks dqN yksx lgh ugha ekurs gSaA
•• Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad osQ fy;s ,d vk/kj o"kZ gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa vHkh 2011&12 vk/kj o"kZ osQ eqrkfcd Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad
dh x.kuk gks jgh gSA blosQ vykok oLrqvksa dk ,d lewg gksrk gS ftuosQ vkSlr ewY; dk mrkj&p<+ko Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad
osQ mrkj&p<+ko dks fu/kZfjr djrk gSA vxj Hkkjr dh ckr djsa rks ;gk¡ Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad esa (697) inkFkks± dks 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gS ftuesa •k|kUu] /krq] b±/u] jlk;u vkfn gj rjg osQ inkFkZ gSa vkSj buosQ p;u esa dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd ;s
vFkZO;oLFkk osQ gj igyw dk çfrfuf/Ro djsaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdka d

•• miHkksÙkQk ewY; lwpdkad (consumer price index ;k CPI) ?kjsyw miHkksÙkQkvksa }kjk •jhns x;s lkekuksa ,oa lsokvksa (goods and
services) osQ vkSlr ewY; dks ekius okyk ,d lwpdkad gSA miHkksÙkQk ewY; lwpdkad dh x.kuk oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ ,d
ekud lewg osQ vkSlr ewY; dh x.kuk djosQ dh tkrh gSA oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dk ;g ekud lewg ,d vkSlr 'kgjh miHkksÙkQk
}kjk •jhnh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dk lewg gksrk gSA tuojh 2015 esa vk/kj o"kZ esa gq, lq/kj osQ vuqlkj miHkksÙkQk ewY; lwpdkad
dk uohure vk/kj o"kZ 2012 dks ekuk tkus yxk gSA Hkkjr esa miHkksÙkQk ewY; lwpdkad vk/kfjr eqækLiQhfr osQ vk¡dM+s osQUæ
ljdkj osQ lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; }kjk ekfld vk/kj ij çfrekg tkjh fd, tkrs gSaA bl lwpdkad gsrq
oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ ewY; laca/h vk¡dM+s jk"Vªh; uewuk loZs{k.k laxBu (NSSO) }kjk pqfuank 'kgjksa ls laxzfgr fd, tkrs gSa]
tcfd xzkeh.k {ks=kksa osQ fy, vk¡dM+ksa dk laxzg.k Mkd foHkkx }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
lk[k fu;a=.k dh fof/k;k°

•• RBI dc ls lk[k fu;a=k.k osQ ,d izHkkoh mik; osQ :i esa p;ukRed lk[k fu;a=k.k dks iz;qDr djrk vk jgk gS\ & lu~ 1956
•• RBI osQ funsZ'kkuqlkj cSadksa }kjk viuh mèkkfj;ksa dk de ls de fdruk izfr'kr izkFkfedrk okys {ks=k dks miyCèk djk;k tkrk
gS\ & 40-0 izfr'kr
•• Hkkjr esa Vsªtjh fcYl loZizFke dc fuxZr dh xb± Fkha\ & 1917 esa
•• ^fxYV&,TM* cktkj fdlls lEcfUèkr gS\ & ljdkjh izfrHkwfr;ksa osQ cktkj ls
•• Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dk ys[kkuqo"kZ D;k gS\ & 1 tqykbZ ls 30 twu
•• rjyrk dh n`f"V ls izfrHkwfr;ksa ,oa Í.kksa dk vuqØe Øe'k% udn] ,MgkWd Vªstjh fcYl] Vsªtjh fcYl rnksijkUr dky Í.k dk gSA
•• dkWyeuh ekosZQV] tksfd vR;Yi vofèk okys iaQM dk cktkj gksrk gS_ esa Í.k nsus ,oa ysus dh vofèk ,d fnu ls 14 fnu rd
dh gksrh gS vkSj C;kt nj iaQM dh ek¡x ,oa iwfrZ ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
•• Vsªtjh fcYl fjtoZ cSad }kjk ljdkj osQ fy, fuxZfer dh tkus okyh vR;Yi vofèk dh izfrHkwfr;k¡ gksrh gSa] ftlosQ ekè;e ls
ljdkj Í.k ysrh gSA ;g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa& izFke& uhykeh Vsªtjh fcYl& tks RBI }kjk 91 ,oa 364 fnu osQ fy, fuxZfer
dh tkrh gSa vkSj nwljh&rnFkZ (,MgkWd) Vsªtjh fcYl& ;g vR;Ur vLFkk;h izfrHkwfr gS] tks RBI osQ uke ls gh fuxZfer gksrh
FkhA 1997&98 ls bls cUn dj fn;k x;k vkSj blosQ LFkku ij vFkksZik; vfxze dh u;h ;kstuk ykxw dh xbZ gSA è;krO; gS fd
ljdkj osQ fy, RBI }kjk 14 ,oa 180 fnuksa dh Vsªtjh fcYl Hkh tkjh dh tkrh gSaA
•• ÎokWbaV vkWiQ lsy* ls rkRi;Z ,slh nqdkuksa] okf.kfT;d laLFkkuksa ,oa isVªksy iEiksa vkfn ls gS] tgk¡ [kjhnnkjh djosQ cSad osQ MsfcV
dkMZ dks ^Lokbi* djosQ Hkqxrku djus dh lqfoèkk gSA
•• jsiks nj% vYidkfyd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq (vksoj ukbV gsrq Hkh) ftl C;kt nj ij dkWef'kZ;y cSad fjtoZ cSad ls
udnh Í.k izkIr djrs gSa] ^jsiks nj* dgykrh gS vFkkZr~ cktkj esa udnh Mkyus dh fØ;k dks jsiks dgsaxsA
•• fjolZ jsiks nj % vYidkfyd vofèk osQ fy, fjtoZ cSad }kjk dkWef'kZ;y cSadksa ls ftl C;kt nj ij udnh izkIr dh tkrh
gS] ^fjolZ jsiks nj* dgykrh gS vFkkZr~ rjyrk vo'kks"k.k ;k #i;s dh cktkj ls fudklh dks fjoLkZ jsiks dgasxsA lkekU;r% cktkj
esa eqnzk dh vkiwfrZ c<+ tkus ij mlesa deh ykus osQ mís'; ls fjtoZ cSad }kjk c<+h C;kt njksa ij dkWef'kZ;y cSadksa dks vYi
vofèk osQ fy, udnh fjtoZ cSad esa tek djus gsrq izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA
•• ns'k dk lcls cM+k okf.kfT;d cSad dkSu&lk gS\ & Hkkjrh; LVsV cSadA
•• ukckMZ us fdl cSad dks LOk;a lgk;rk izksUu;u laLFkku dk ntkZ fn;k gS\ & Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad dks
•• thou chek {ks=k esa izos'k djus okyk ns'k dk igyk okf.kfT;d cSad dkSUk&lk Fkk\ & Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad (izQkal dh dkfMZiQ
,l-,- osQ lkFk xBcaèkkRed lg;ksx ls)
•• Hkkjr esa fdrus fons'kh cSad gSa vkSj fdl fons'kh cSad dh lokZfèkd 'kk[kk,¡ fLFkr gSa\ & 45_ LVS.MMZ pkVZMZ cSad dh lokZfèkd
(96) 'kk[kk,¡ gSaA
•• fons'kksa esa fdl Hkkjrh; cSad osQ lokZfèkd dk;kZy; gSa\ & Hkkjrh; LVsV caSd osQ 36 ns'kksa esa 190 fons'kh dk;kZy; gSaA
•• bafM;k feysfu;e fMikWftV~l ;kstuk fdl cSad }kjk vkSj dc izkjEHk dh xbZ Fkh\ & SBI }kjk o"kZ 2000 esa vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa
ls fons'kh eqnzk bl ;kstuk osQ rgr~ Lohdkj dh xbZ FkhA bu tekvksa dk iquHkqZxrku 2005 ls 'kq: fd;k x;kA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• cSad osQ xzkgdksa dh f'kdk;rksa dk funku djus osQ fy, caSafdax yksdiky ;kstuk Hkkjr esa fjtoZ cSad us dc ykxw dh Fkh\ &
14 twu] 1995 ls
•• yhojst vuqikr D;k gS\ & cSadksa dk Í.k&lEifÙk vuqikr yhojst vuqikr gSA bl vuqikr osQ vfèkd gksus ls cSad dh
C;kt ns;rk vfèkd gksrh gSA
lkafof/kd rjyrk vuqikr
cSadksa dks viuh ek¡x ,oa lkofèk tekvksa dk dqN izfr'kr Hkkx udn] Lo.kZ o ekU;rk izkIr ljdkjh izfrHkwfr;ksa osQ :i
esa lnSo vius ikl j[kuk vko';d gksrk gS] rkfd tekdÙkkZvksa dh èku fudklh dh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk losQA ;g vuqikr
lkafofèkd rjyrk vuqikr dgykrk gSA bl vuqikr esa deh fd, tkus ls cSadksa dks viuh tekvksa dk vis{kkÑr de Hkkx vius ikl
j[kuk vfuok;Z gksxk] ftlls mèkkj nsus osQ fy, vfèkd jkf'k muosQ ikl miyCèk gks losQxhA SLR esa o`f¼ ls vFkZO;oLFkk esa rjyrk
osQ izokg esa deh gksrh gSA
•• osQUnz ljdkj us 23 tuojh] 2007 dks ,d vè;kns'k tkjh djosQ cSadksa osQ fy, SLR dh U;wure lhek lekIr dj nh gSA cSafdax
jsX;wys'ku ,DV osQ vHkh rd osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ vuqlkj ;g vuqikr 25&40 izfr'kr dh lhekvksa esa gh j[kk tk ldrk FkkA
•• udn vkj{k.k vuqikr (CRR): fjtoZ cSad vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk&42 (1) osQ rgr~ fd, x, izkoèkku osQ }kjk vuqlwfpr cSadksa dks
vius ikl tekvksa (Deposits) dk dqN fuf'pr Hkkx fjtoZ caSad osQ ikl udn :i esa tek j[kuk vfuok;Z fd;k x;k gSA bl
vuqikr esa o`f¼ djus dk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd cSadksa dks vis{kkÑr vfèkd jkf'k fjtoZ cSad osQ ikl vkjf{kr j[kuh gksrh gS]
ftlls muosQ ikl rjyrk (udn dks"k) esa deh gks tkrh gS] ftlosQ pyrs mudh Í.k iznku djus dh {kerk Hkh de gks tkrh gSA
•• okf.kfT;d&i=k (Commercial Paper): okf.kfT;d&i=k] laLFkkvksa }kjk viuh vYidkyhu foÙkh; vko'drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ
fy, ^fuxZfer* fd;k tkus okyk vlqjf{kr izfrKk&i=k gSA okf.kfT;d&i=k dk fuxZeu djus osQ fy, dEifu;ksa dks lk[k Js.kh;u
(Credit Rating) djuk vfuok;Z gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa fØfly (CRISIL) lk[k Js.kh;u osQ fy, fo[;kr laLFkk gSA
•• fLop vkWijs'ku (Switch Operation): [kqys cktkj dh fØ;k (Open Market Operation) dk iz;ksx osQoy lk[k fu;U=k.k ;k
ekSfnzd uhfr esa u gksdj ljdkj izfrHkwfr;ksa osQ Ø;&foØ; }kjk jktdks"kh; uhfr osQ :i esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA fjtoZ cSad }kjk
izfrHkwfr;ksa dk Ø; djuk (lkekU;r;k vYi vofèk dh) rFkk nwljh izfrHkwfr;ksa dk mlosQ LFkku ij foØ; (lkekU;r;k nh?kZ
vofèk dh) djus dh fØ;k] ftlls izfrHkwfr;ksa dh ifjiDork vofèk (Maturity Period) yEch gks losQ] dks gh ge ^fLop
vkWijs'ku* dgrs gSaA
•• lanfHkZr nj % ;g nj] iw¡th cktkj dk fuèkkZj.k djrh gSA ;g nj og U;wure nj gksrh gS] ftl ij iw¡th cktkj esa mèkkj fy;k
;k fn;k tkrk gSA cktkj esa izpfyr C;kt nj] ftl ij lkekU;r;k le>kSrk gksrk gS] lanfHkZr nj ls Å¡ph gksrh gSA blosQ }kjk
C;kt nj esa gksus okyk ifjorZu funsZf'kr gksrk gSA fofHkUu ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu ukeksa ls lanfHkZr njksa dks tkuk tkrk gSA vesfjdk
esa Feds Funds Rate, teZuh esa izSaQdiQVZ bUVj cSad vkWiQMZ jsV (FIBOR), tkiku esa VksD;ks bUVj cSad vkWWiQ jsV (TIBOR), yUnu
esa yUnu b.Vj cSad vkWiQ jsV (LIBOR) bR;kfnA
•• izeq[k mèkkjh njsa (Prime Lending Rate- PLR) : ;g og C;kt nj gksrh gS] ftl ij cSad vius loZfiz; (fo'oluh;) xzkgd
dks Í.k nsrk gS] (fo'oluh;rk ls rkRi;Z gS ftlesa tksf[ke 'kwU; gks)A PLR ,d izdkj ls vkèkkj C;kt nj dh Hkwfedk vnk
djrh gSA blh PLR vkèkkj ij vU; m|fe;ksa dks Í.k iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g nj ,d izdkj ls vkèkkfjd C;kt nj osQ :i
esa dk;Z djrh gSA
•• usV cSafoaQx % baVjusV ,oa dEI;wVj dh lgk;rk ls ?kj cSBs cSafoaQx dk;ks± dk lapkyu fd;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks usV cSafdax
dgrs gSaA usV cSfdax osQ ekè;e ls xzkgd vius dEI;wVj dk mi;ksx dj vius cSad usVodZ vkSj osclkbV dks ,Dlsl dj ldrk
gSA usV cSafdax dk lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd dksbZ Hkh ?kj cSBs ;k vkWfiQl ls cSad lfoZl dk ykHk mBk ldrk gS
•• rduhdh nq#i;ksx osQ dkj.k usV osQ tkylkt ,dkmaV dks gSd dj cSad osQ xzkgd dks gkfu igq¡pk ldrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g
t:jh gS fd usV cSafdax osQ mi;ksx esa lrdZrk cjrh tk,A usV cSafdax dh 50 izfr'kr osclkbV vlqjf{kr gksrh gSaA vr% xzkgd
lkbV [kksyus ls igys ;w-vkj-,y vkSj Mksesu dks psd djsa vkSj ns[ksa fd ;g mlh cSad osQ ;w-vkj-,y- vkSj Mksesu dh rjg gksA
blls vki vk'oLr gks tk,axs fd vki lqjf{kr osclkbV dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• ;fn vki usV cSafdax osQ fy, baVjusV oSQisQ dk mi;ksx dj jgs gksa] rks vius ikloMZ dks cny ysaA blls vki lqjf{kr gks tk,axsA
ikloMZ dks fdlh isij ij u fy[ksa] bls vklkuh ls gSd fd;k tk ldrk gSA viuh flLVe ij LØhu lsoj ikloMZ Mky nsa]
ftlls vkiosQ flLVe dk mi;ksx dksbZ vU; ugha dj losQA
•• Hkkjr esa igyk bLykfed cSad dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS\ & dksfPp esa (osQjy)
•• csly&III D;k gS\ & cSafdax {ks=k osQ fy, rjyrk fu;eksa] mPpre iw¡th vko';drkvksa vkSj vkdfLed O;oLFkkvksa dks
ykxw djus dh laKk gSA
•• ATM dk iwjk uke D;k gS\ Automated Teller Machine
•• cSad iQkWj bUVjus'kuy lsVyesaVl (BIS) dgk¡ fLFkr gS vkSj dc LFkkfir fd;k x;k\ & Øe'k% csly (fLoV~tjyS.M) esa_
1930 esaA
•• FSDC vFkkZr~ iQkbusafl;y LVsfcfyVh ,aM MsosyiesaV dkmafly dk xBu dc vkSj fdl fy, fd;k x;k\ & 30 fnlEcj] 2010
dks foÙk ea=kh dh vè;{krk esa bl ^'kh"kZ fu;ked laLFkk* dk xBu fd;k x;kA ;g fofHk=k foÙkh; laLFkkvksa osQ chp
leUo; LFkkfir djrh gSA RBI] lsch] bjMk rFkk PFRDA blosQ lnL; gSaA FSDC dh 21oha cSBd dh vè;{krk lhrkje.k
us dh] bldk mís'; foÙkh; lsDVj dh lqj{kk ls lacaf/r Framework dks etcwr djukA
•• izFke cSad ØsfMV dkMZ dc vkSj fdl ns'k }kjk fuxZr fd;k x;k\ & 1959 esa cSad vkWiQ vesfjdk }kjkA
Hkkjr izfrHkwfr&eqnz.k ,oa fLkDdksa dk mRiknu

Nkis[kkus (Printing Press)
1- bf.M;k flD;ksfjVh izsl] ukfld (egkjk"Vª)% ukfld jksM fLFkr Hkkjr
izfrHkwfr eqnz.kky; (India Security Press) esa Mkd lEcUèkh ys[ku lkexzh] Mkd
fVdVksa] vnkyrh ,oa xSj&vnkyrh LVkEiksa] cSadksa (RBI RkFkk SBI) osQ psdksa]
ckW.Mksa] jk"Vªh; cpr i=kksa] iksLVy vkWMZj] ikliksVZ] bfUnjk fodkl i=kksa] fdlku
fodkl i=kksa] vkfn osQ vykok jkT; ljdkjksa] ljdkjh {ks=k osQ miØeksa] foÙkh;
fuxeksa vkfn osQ izfrHkwfr&i=kksa dh NikbZ dh tkrh gSA
2- flD;ksfjVh fizfUVax izsl] gSnjkckn % bldh LFkkiuk nf{k.kh jkT;ksa dh Mkd
ys[ku lkexzzh dh ek¡xksa dks iwjk djus o iwjs ns'k dh osQUnzh; mRikn 'kqYd LVkEi
dh ek¡x dks iwjk djus osQ fy, 1982 esa dh xbZ Fkh] rkfd Hkkjr izfrHkwfr
eqnz.kky;] ukfld osQ mRiknu dh vuqiwfrZ dh tk losQA
3- djsUlh izsl uksV] ukfld (egkjk"Vª) % ;g 10] 50] 100] 500 rFkk 1000 #i, osQ cSad uksV Nkirh gS vkSj mudh iwfrZ djrh gSA
4- cSad uksV izsl] nsokl (eè; izns'k)% ;g 20] 50] 100 vkSj 500 #Ik, osQ mPp ewY; oxZ osQ uksV Nkirh gSA cSad uksV izsl
dk LFkk;h dkj[kkuk izfrHkwfr i=kksa dh L;kgh dk fuekZ.k Hkh djrk gSA
5- 'kkgcuh (ia- caxky) rFkk eSlwj (dukZVd) osQ Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad uksV eqnzk fyfeVsM % bu nksuksa LFkkuksa ij nks&nks u,
,oa vR;kèkqfud djsUlh uksV izsl LFkkfir fd, x, gSa] ;gk¡ RBI osQ fu;a=k.k esa djsUlh uksV Nkis tkrs gSaA
6- flD;ksfjVh isij fey] gks'kaxkckn (eè; izns'k) % cSad vkSj djsUlh uksV dkxt rFkk ukWu&T;wfMf'k;y LVkEi isij dh NikbZ
esa iz;ksx gksus okys dkxt dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, 1967&68 esa mDr fey pkyw dh xbZ FkhA
Vdlky (Mints)
flDdksa dk mRiknu djus rFkk lksus ,oa pkanh dk ij[k djus ,oa rexksa dk mRiknu djus osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dh pkj
Vdlkysa eqEcbZ] dksydkrk] gSnjkckn rFkk uks,Mk esa fLFkr gSaA eqEcbZ] gSnjkckn vkSj dksydkrk dh Vdlkysa dkiQh le; igys Øe'k%
1830] 1903 vkSj 1950 esa LFkkfir dh xb± FkhaA tcfd uks,Mk dh Vdlky 1989 esa LFkkfir dh xbZ FkhA eqEcbZ rFkk dksydkrk dh
Vdlky esa flDdksa osQ vykok fofHkUu izdkj osQ indksa (esMy) dk Hkh mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA
•• tc dEiuh bl :i esa laxfBr gksrh gS] fd mlosQ va'k èkkjdksa dk nkf;Ro lhfer gks] rks og fyfeVsM (LTD) dEiuh dgykrh gSA
•• lSIl (SAPS) vFkkZr ^ lajpukRed O;oLFkkiu dk;ZØe& ns'k dh vFkZO;OkLFkk osQ vlarqyu dks Bhd djus osQ fy, u;h vkfFkZd
uhfr 1991 esa ykxw dh x;h FkhA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• Ñf"k lk[k osQ {ks=k esa 'kh"kZLFk laLFkk osQ :i esa ukckMZ (Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl gsrq jk"Vªh; cSad) dh LFkkiuk NBh iapo"khZ;
;kstuk (tqykbZ] 1982) esa dh xbZ FkhA bldk eq[;ky; eqEcbZ esa gSA
•• cktkj osQ vfLrRo osQ fy, dhersa lokZfèkd vfuok;Z rÙo gSaA
•• ns'k osQ futh {ks=k esa y?kq ,oa eè;e vkdkj osQ m|ksxksa osQ fodkl gsrq ICICI cSad dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA
•• osQUnz ljdkj osQ deZpkfj;ksa dh etnwjh esa eg¡xkbZ osQ dkj.k gksus okyh {kfriwfrZ osQ fy, Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa eqnzkLiQhfr nj dh eki Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (WPI) osQ vkèkkj ij dh tkrh gSA
•• eqnzk Ý;wplZ O;kikj] ftal Ý;wplZ O;kikj ,oa bfDoVh Ý;wplZ O;kikj esa ls ftal Ý;wplZ O;kikj] ok;nk cktkj vk;ksx }kjk
fofu;fer gksrk gSA
•• Hkkjr esa deZpkfj;ksa osQ eg¡xkbZ HkÙks dk fuèkkZj.k dk vkèkkj miHkksDrk dher lwpdkad (CPI - IW) gSA
•• Hkkjr esa O;kikjh cSadksa dh nsunkfj;ksa esa ls lcls egÙoiw.kZ va'k lkofèk tek,¡ gSaA
•• Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd cSad SBI gSA
•• SBI us loZizFke phu esa viuh 'kk[kk [kksyh FkhA
•• S- 64 D;k gS\ & UTI }kjk vesfjdu i¼fr ij vkèkkfjr Hkkjr dk izFke [kqyk ikjLifjd dks"k (Open ended Mutual
Fund) gSA
•• ns'k esa lsch }kjk loZizFke 'Mutual Fund Regulatory' dc tkjh fd;k x;k\ & 1993 esa
•• lsch }kjk dc ls ns'kh&fons'kh futh m|fe;ksa osQ ikjLifjd dks"k (M.F) ;kstukvksa osQ lapkyu dks NwV nh xbZ\ & 1993 esa
•• ns'k esa izFke futh ikjLifjd dks"k dh LFkkiuk dc vkSj dkSUk&lh Fkh\ & 1993 esa_ dksBkjh lewg }kjk vesfjdu
•• o"kZ 2011&12 esa UTI, ljdkjh ,oa futh {ks=k osQ E;qpqvy iQ.Mksa osQ ,d=k.k esa fdldk ;ksxnku lokZfèkd jgk\ & futh
E;qpqvy iQ.Mksa dk izFke LFkku] mlosQ ckn Øe'k% UTI vkSj ljdkjh {ks=k osQ E;qpqvy iQ.Mksa dk jgkA
•• vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij cSadksa dh xq.koÙkk ekius osQ D;k rjhosQ gSa\ & Ng izpkydksa ;Fkk&iw¡th i;kZIrrk (Capital Adequacy),
lEifÙk xq.koÙkk (Assest Quality), izcUèk (Management), ykHk ns;rk (Profit Liability), rjyrk (Liquidity) rFkk
ys[kkadu iz.kkyh ,oa fu;a=k.k osQ la;qDr lwpdkad }kjkA
•• Hkkjr esa cSadksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh rFkk muosQ fu"iknu dk ekiu oSQls gksrk gS\ & pkj izpkydksa] ;Fkk&iwath i;kZIrrk] lEifÙk;kasa
dh xq.koÙkk] RBI fu;eksa dk vuqikyu ,oa ys[kkadu iz.kkyh }kjkA è;krO; gS fd ?kjsyw cSadksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh ekiu esa
izcUèku ,oa ykHk ns;rk dks lfEefyr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
•• NBFCs osQ lEcUèk esa iw¡th i;kZIrrk vuqikr ekin.M dc ls ykxw fd;k x;k\ & 1998 ls (2012 esa ;g vuqikr 15» dj
fn;k x;k Fkk)
•• NBFCs fdlosQ }kjk fu;af=kr gksrs gSa\ & RBI osQ }kjk] u fd dEiuht vfèkfu;e }kjkA
Hkkjr dh izeq[k foÙkh; laLFkkvksa dk LFkkiuk o"kZ
LkaLFkk LFkkiuk o"kZ
bEihfj;y cSad vkWiQ bf.M;k 1921
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad (RBI)* 1 vizSy] 1935 (UPPCS)
fjtoZ cSad dk jk"Vªh;dj.k 1 tuojh] 1949 (MPPCS)
Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd foÙk fuxe (IFCI) 1948
Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd Í.k o fuos'k fuxe (ICICI)* (BPSC) tuojh] 1955
Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad (SBI)* 1 tqykbZ] 1955
Hkkjrh; ;wfuV VªLV (UTI)* 1 iQjojh] 1964 (RAS/RTS)
Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd fodkl cSad tqykbZ] 1964
Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl gsrq jk"Vªh; cSad (NABARD)* 12 tqykbZ] 1982
Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd iqufuZekZ.k cSad (IRBI) 20 ekpZ] 1985
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; y?kq m|ksx fodkl cSad (SIDBI)* 1990

Hkkjrh; fu;kZr&vk;kr cSad (Exim Bank)* 1 tuojh] 1982
Hkkjrh; vkokl cSad (NHB)* tqykbZ] 1988 (UPPCS)
Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe (LIC) flrEcj] 1956
Hkkjrh; lkèkkj.k chek fuxe (GIC) uoEcj] 1972
{ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSadksa dk izkjEHk* 2 vDVwcj] 1975
tksf[ke iw¡th ,oa VsDuksykWth fuxe (Risk Capital and Technology ekpZ 1975
Finance Corporation Ltd. RCTFC)
vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk iV~Vsnkjh ,oa foÙk lsok fy- (Infrastructive leasing 1988
and financial Services ltd.)
x` g fodkl foÙk fuxe fy- (Housing Development Finance 1977
Corporation Ltd . (HDFC)
•• chek iksVsZfcfyVh % eksckby uEcj iksVZsfcfyVh dh cgqizrhf{kr ;kstuk osQ ykxw gksus osQ i'pkr~ vc ^chek iksVsZfcfyVh* dh
ckjh gSA chek iksVsZfcfyVh osQ rgr ^LokLF; chek* ikWfyfl;ksa osQ èkkjd vc viuh ekStwnk ikWfylh dh 'krks± ij gh fdlh nwljh
dEiuh ls chek tkjh j[k losaQxsA chek fu;ked fudk;&chek fu;ked ,oa fodkl izkfèkdj.k (Insurance Regulatory and
Development authority IRDA) us bl vk'k; osQ izLrko dks 10 iQjojh] 2011 dks eatwjh iznku dj nh FkhA chek iksVsZfcfyVh
dh ;g lqfoèkk 1 tqykbZ] 2011 ls 'kq: gSA
•• bUizQkLVªDpj MsoyiesUV iQkbusal dEiuh % fo'ks"kr% vkèkkfjd lajpuk (Infrastructure) {ks=k osQ foÙkh;u gsrq LFkkfir dh
tkus okyh ns'k dh igyh laLFkk bUizQkLVªDpj MsoyiesUV iQkbusUl dEiuh fy- (IDFC) dk fuxeu 31 tuojh] 1997 dks dEiuh
vfèkfu;e] 1956 osQ rgr~ fd;k x;kA
•• dEiuh osQ vk'k;&i=k esa bUizQkLVªDpj osQ rgr fo|qr] lM+dksa] jsyos] cUnjxkgksa] nwjlapkj osQ vfrfjDr tykiwfrZ o lhoj tSlh
lqfoèkkvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
lwpdka d ds ukeksa esa ifjorZu

•• 28 tqykbZ] 1998 dks eq[; 'ks;j ewY; lwpdkad osQ ukeksa esa fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls ifjorZu fd;k x;k Fkk%
iqjkuk uke u;k uke
NSE - 50 S & P CNX Nifty
Crisil - 500 S & P CNX - 5001
•• fo'o dk lcls igyk laxfBr 'ks;j cktkj dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k x;k\ & ,ElVMZe (1602) uhnjyS.M esaA
•• eqEcbZ LVkWd ,DlpsUt dk jk"Vªh; lwpdkad fdrus 'ks;jksa dk gksrk gS\ & 100 'ks;jksa dk
•• Hkkjr dk loZizFke vkWuykbu VsªfMax lqfoèkk lEiUu dEI;wVjkbTM ,Dlpsat dkSUk&lk gS\ & OTCEL (1992)
•• Mh tksal] dksLih] flesDl rFkk fuDdh dgk¡ osQ 'ks;j ewY; lwpdkad gSa\ & Øe'k% U;w;kdZ] dksfj;k] flaxkiqj ,oa tkikuA
•• Ñf"kxr mRiknksa osQ fy, us'kuy dkWeksfMVh ,.M MsfjosfVOl ,Dlpsat fy- (NCDEX) us ebZ] 2005 esa fdl uke ls ns'k osQ igys
deksfMVh baMsDl dh LFkkiuk dh gS\ & NCDEX AGRI
•• lcls cM+k vkSj iqjkuk deksfMVh ,Dlpsat dkSu&ls gSa\ & Øe'k% MCX lcls cM+k rFkk NMCE (2002) lokZfèkd iqjkuk gSA
•• loZizFke fdl ,Dlpsat us fons'kh eqnzk dk ok;nk dkjksckj 'kq: fd;k Fkk\ & jk"Vªh; LVkWd ,Dlpast (NSE) 2008 esaA
•• Hkkjr esa C;kt njksa dk ok;nk dkjksckj (Future Trading) dc vkSj dgk¡ loZizFke 'kq: fd;k x;k\ & 31 vxLRk] 2009
dks NSE esaA
•• izfrHkwfr;ksa dh bulkbMj VªsfMax ij jksd yxkus gsrq lsch }kjk fdrus tqekZus dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS\ & 25 djksM+ #i,A
•• lkoZtfud fuxeksa osQ tfj, èku tqVkus okyh dEifu;ksa osQ ikl 'kq¼ n`'; ifjlEifÙk;k¡ (Tangible Assests) de&ls&de fdruk
fuèkkZfjr dh x;h gSa\ & 3 djksM+ #i;k vfuok;Z fd;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
ekU;rk izkIr Hkkjr ds 23 LVkWd ,Dlpsat

•• mÙkj izns'k LVkWd ,DlpsUt] dkuiqj •• fnYyh LVkWd ,DlpsUt] fnYyh
•• cM+kSnk LVkWd ,DlpsUt] cM+ksnjk •• xqokgkVh LVkWd ,DlpsUt] xqokgVh
•• dks;EcVwj LVkWd ,DlpsUt] dks;EcVwj •• gSnjkckn LVkWd ,DlpsUt] gSnjkckn
•• esjB LVkWd ,DlpsUt] esjB •• t;iqj LVkWd ,DlpsUt] t;iqj
•• eqEcbZ LVkWd ,DlpsUt] eqEcbZ •• dukjk LVkWd ,DlpsUt] eaxykSj
•• vksoj nh dkm.Vj ,DlpsUt vkWiQ bf.M;k (OTCEL) •• yqfèk;kuk LVkWd ,DlpsUt] yqfèk;kuk
eqEcbZ] •• psUubZ LVWkd ,DlpsUt] psUubZ
•• jk"Vªh; LVkWd ,DlpsUl]eqEcbZ •• eè; izns'k LVkWd ,DlpsUt] bUnkSj
•• vgenkckn LVkWd ,DlpsUl] vgenkckn •• exèk LVkWd ,DlpsUt] iVuk
•• caxykSj LVkWd ,DlpsUt] caxykSj •• iq.ks LVkWd ,DlpsUt] iq.ks
•• Hkqous'oj LVkWd ,DlpsUt] Hkqous'oj •• oSQfiVy LVkWd ,DlpsUt osQjy fyfeVsM] fr:ouariqje]
•• dydÙkk LVkWd ,DlpsUt] dksydkrk osQjy
•• dksphu LVkWd ,DlpsUt] dksphu
mi;ZqDr ds LFkku ij orZeku esa fuEufyf[kr LVkWd ,Dlpsat dk;Zjr gSa%&
1- cEcbZ LVkWd ,Dlpsat 5- eSVªksiksfyVu LVkWd ,Dlpsat
2- dydÙkk LVkWd ,Dlpsat 6- us'kuy LVkWd ,Dlpsat
3- bafM;u bUVjus'kuy LVkWd ,Dlpsat 7- NSE IFSL Ltd.
4- ex/ LVkWd ,Dlpsat
3 deksfMVh MsjhosfVo ,Dlpsat
1- bafM;u deksfMVh ,Dlpsat 3- us'kuy deksfMVh vkSj MsjhosfVo ,Dlpsat
2- eYVh deksfMVh ,Dlpsat
•• ns'k esa ekU;rk izkIr LVkWd ,Dlpsat dh la[;k fdruh gS\ & 23
•• mÙkj çns'k esa ekU;rk izkIr LVkWd ,Dlpsat dh la[;k fdruh gS\ & 2 (dkuiqj LVkWd ,Dlpsat ,oa esjB LVkWd ,Dlpsat)
•• 'ks;j cktkj esa pyus okys o`gn dkjksckj dks fu;af=kr vkSj fofu;fer dkSu&lh laLFkk djrh gS\ & lsch (SEBI)
•• fMikstVjh flLVe D;k gS\& ;g ,d ,slh iz.kkyh gS] ftlesa izfrHkwfr;ksa dk LokfeRo lEcUèkh ifjorZu bysDVªkWfud cgh izfof"V
vUrj.k osQ }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bleas ewy i=k dh vko';drk lekIr dj nh xbZ gSA bl izfØ;k dks 'ks;jksa dk fMeSVhfj;ykbt
djuk dgk tkrk gSA
dj (Tax)
•• dj ,d izdkj dk vfuok;Z Hkqxrku gS] tks ml O;fDr dks vfuok;Z :i ls ljdkj
dks nsuk iM+rk gS] tks dj vkèkkj ls lacaf/r gksrk gS rFkk ftlosQ cnys djnkrk
dks vko';d :i ls dksbZ ykHk ugha izkIr gksrkA dj vkèkkj ls vk'k; mlls
gS] ftldks vk/kj cukdj dj yxk;k tkrk gS tSls vk;dj dk vk/kj vk; gSA
•• dj nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSa & izR;{k dj vkSj vizR;{k djA
1- izR;{k dj% mu djksa dks izR;{k dj dgrs gSa ftuosQ ekSfæd rFkk okLrfod
cks> vFkkZr~ dj ls mRiUu djk?kkr (Impact) rFkk djkikr (Incidence) mlh
O;fDr ij iM+rs gSa] ftuosQ Åij ljdkj dj yxkrh gSA
2- vizR;{k dj% ftu djksa osQ okLrfod cks> dks foofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gS
mUgsa vizR;{k dj dgrs gSaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
osQUæ ljdkj osQ izR;{k dj&

1- O;fDrxr vk;dj 5- lEifÙk dj
2- fuxe dj 6- iw¡th ykHk dj
3- migkj dj 7- ykHkka'k dj
4- O;; dj 8- izfrHkwfr ysu&nsu dj (STT) vkfnA
jkT; ljdkj osQ izR;{k dj&
1- gksVy izkfIr;ksa ij dj 5- xSj&'kgjh vpy lEifÙk;ksa ij dj
2- Hkw&jktLo dj 6- jkstxkjksa ij dj
3- Ñf"k vk; ij dj 7- iFk dj
4- O;olk; dj
osQUæ ljdkj osQ vizR;{k dj&
1- lhek 'kqYd 3- osQUæh; fcØh dj
2- osQUæh; mRikn 'kqYd 4- lsok dj (1994&95 ls)
jkT; ljdkj osQ vizR;{k dj&
1- fcØh dj@O;kikj dj 6- izos'k dj
2- LVkEi ,oa iath;u 'kqYd 7- f'k{kk midj
3- jkT; mRikn 'kqYd 8- lV~Vsckth ij dj
4- okguksa ij dj 9- Mhty isVªksy ij fcØh dj
5- foKkiu ij dj
uksV% ewY;of/Zr dj (VAT) lcls igys gfj;k.kk esa vkSj lcls var esa mÙkj izns'k esa ykxw fd;k x;kA
oLrq ,oa lsok dj (Goods and Service Tax)

•• 1 tqykbZ] 2017 ls oLrq ,oa lsok dj dh O;oLFkk ykxw dh xbZ gSA vc osQUæ ljdkj ,oa jkT; ljdkj ;k nksuksa osQ }kjk yxk,
tkus okys lHkh dj dh txg fliZQ ,d th,lVh yxsxkA ;g lHkh oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa osQ Åij yxsxkA ,d oLrq osQ Åij] tks
Hkh th,lVh dj dh nj gksxh og iwjs ns'k esa ,d gh jgsxhA
•• 8 flrEcj] 2016 dks vf/lwfpr 101osa lafo/ku la'kks/u osQ }kjk th,lVh dks ykxw fd;k x;kA
•• lafo/ku esa th,lVh dh ifjHkk"kk osQ vuqlkj ekuo miHkksx osQ fy, vYdksgy dks th,lVh osQ nk;js ls ckgj j[kk x;k gSA nwljh
vksj ik¡p isVªksfy;e mRikn tSls & dPpk rsy] eksVj fLifjV (isVªksy)] gkbLihM Mhty] izkÑfrd xSl vkSj ,fo,'ku Vjckbu
b±/u dks vLFkk;h :i ls th,lVh ls ckgj j[kk x;k gS vkSj th,lVh ifj"kn bu ik¡p mRiknksa ij th,lVh ykxw djus dh frfFk
dk fu/kZj.k dj ldrh gSA
•• th,lVh ykxw djus osQ fy, laln us bu fo/s;dksa dks ikfjr fd;k%
1- osQUæh; th,lVh fo/s;d] 2017 3- th,lVh(jkT;ksa dh {kfriwfrZ) fo/s;d] 2017
2- ,dhÑr th,lVh fo/s;d] 2017 4- osQUæ'kkflr izns'k th,lVh fo/s;d] 2017
•• ik¡p dj njsa% 0] 5] 12] 18 vkSj 28 izfr'krA
•• th,lVh ls eqDr oLrq,¡ gSa & izkÑfrd e/q] nw/] iwQy >kMw] [kqyk [kk| inkFkZ] yLlh] [kqyk iuhj] ngh] izlkn] ued] xqM+]
LokLF; lsok,¡] dkty] fp=kdyk dh fdrkcsa] f'k{kk lsok,¡] vaMkA
uksV% fo'o esa loZizFke Úkal us o"kZ 1954 esa vius ;gk¡ th,lVh ykxw fd;k FkkA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
NksVs djnkrkvksa ds fy, th,lVh ds ykHk

1- ldy okf"kZd VuZ vksoj 40 yk[k rd gksus ij dksbZ dj ughaA
2- iwoksZÙkj] flfDde] mÙkjk[kaM vkSj fgekpy izns'k osQ fy, NwV dh lhek 20 yk[kA
3- NwV lhek ls uhps ,d dkjksckjh buiqV VSDl ØsfMV osQ ykHk osQ lkFk LoSfPNd dj Hkqxrku dj ldrs gSaA
4- ;fn dj NwV dh lhek esa gS] rks iath;u dh dksbZ t:jr ughaA
th,lVh ifj"kn~
1- vè;{k % osQUæh; foÙk ea=kh
2- mikè;{k % jkT; ljdkjksa osQ eaf=k;ksa osQ chp ls fuokZfpr
3- lnL; % osQUæh; foÙk jkT; ea=kh rFkk lHkh jkT;ksa osQ foÙk@djk/ku ea=kh
4- x.kiwfrZ % dqy lnL;ksa dk 50 izfr'kr
5- eku % jkT; dk eku nks&frgkbZ] osQUæ dk eku ,d&frgkbZ
6- fu.kZ; % 75 izfr'kr cgqer ls
ifj"kn th,lVh laca/h lHkh eqíksa ;Fkk fof/] fu;e nj vkfn ij fu.kZ; djsxhA
th,lVh ykWVjh
ctV 2020 osQ }kjk ljdkj us th,lVh fcy cuokus gsrq xzkgd dks çksRlkfgr djus osQ fy, th,lVh ykWVjh dh ;kstuk ykbZ
gS] ftlosQ varxZr fuEufyf[kr fcUnq 'kkfey gSa%&
•• xzkgdksa dks th,lVh fcy ysus dks mRlkfgr djus osQ fy, ,d ykWVjh ;kstukA
•• xzkgdksa dks 10 yk• #i;s ls 1 djksM+ #i;s rd dk buke feysxkA
•• th,lVh osQ çR;sd fcy ij xzkgd dks ykWVjh thrus dk ekSdk feysxkA
•• ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj ykWVjh fotsrkvksa dks iqjLdkj miHkksÙkQk dY;k.k dks"k ls fn;k tk,xkA
Lej.kh; rF;
•• ,fDte uhfr osQ rgr~ ?kksf"kr fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k (,lbZtsM) ;kstuk dks dc ls dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k gS\ &1 ebZ] 2004
•• Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k E;qPkqvy iQ.M dk laxBu dkSu&lk gS\ & ;wVhvkbZ
•• {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSadksa dks muosQ izorZd cSadksa esa foy; djus dh laLrqfr fdlus dh Fkh\ & ,-,e- [kqljks lfefr
•• Mh tksal D;k gS\ & U;w;kWdZ LVkWd ,Dlpsat dk 'ks;j cktkj
•• iapèkkjk ;kstuk Hkkjr osQ fdl jkT; ls lEcfUèkr gS\ & eè; izns'k
•• Hkkjr dh dqy Je'kfDr dk fdruk Hkkx Ñf"k esa yxk gS\ & 54-6» (2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj)
•• ^gk;j ,.M iQk;j* uhfr dk lEcUèk fdlls gS\ & eqvkotk nsdj deZpkfj;ksa dh N¡Vuh ls
•• jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ Fkh\ & 1958 esa
•• lajpukRed csjkstxkjh dk izeq[k dkj.k D;k gS\ & vi;kZIr mRiknu {kerk
•• voewY;u vk;kr dks oSQlk cukrk gS\ & eg¡xk
•• xzs'ke dk fu;e gS & cqjh eqnzk] vPNh eqnzk dks izpyu ls ckgj dj nsrh gSA
•• etnwjh dk ^ykSg fl¼kUr* dgykrk gS & etnwjh dk thou fuokZg fl¼kUr
•• ½.k uhfr fdl O;oLFkk dk vax gS\ & ekSfnzd O;oLFkk dk
•• Hkkjr esa dkSu&lh laLFkk jk"Vªh; vk; dk vuqeku yxkrh gS\ & osaQnzh; lkaf[;dh; laxBu
•• oSV yxk;k tkrk gS & mRiknu rFkk vfUre fcØh osQ chp osQ fofHkUu Lrjksa ij
•• eqDr O;kikj {ks=k fdls dgrs gSa\ & tgk¡ fcuk fu;a=k.k osQ O;kikj gksrk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
•• U;w;kWdZ LVkWd ,Dlpsat osQ uSLMsd&100 lwpdkad esa 'kkfey dh tkus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; dEiuh gS\ & baiQksfll
•• jktdks"kh; ?kkVk] izkFkfed ?kkVk ,oa jktLo ?kkVs esa cM+k dkSu lk gS\ & jktdks"kh; > jktLo > izkFkfed
•• Hkkjr ljdkj dh dkSu lh ,tsalh Hkkjr dh lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh osQ fy, xsgw¡] pkoy vkSj phuh eqgS;k djkus esa yxh gqbZ
gS\ & iwQM dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;kA
•• fdlh ns'k osQ 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; mRikn o ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn esa eq[; varj gksrk gS & ewY; gzklA
•• Hkkjr ij dqy fons'kh Í.k esa lokZfèkd Hkkx fdldk gS\ & okf.kfT;d mèkkfj;k¡A
•• 'ks;j cktkj esa ifjiFk fu;kstu (lfdZV czsdj) O;kikj dks oSQls izHkkfor djrk gS\ & 'kh?kz ysu&nsu dks ljy cukdjA
•• fo'o osQ dqy dkWiQh mRiknu osQ yxHkx 4 izfr'kr Hkkx dk mRiknu Hkkjr esa gksrk gS rFkk Hkkjr dk fo'o esa ik¡poka LFkku gSA
Hkkjr esa dkWiQh osQ dqy mRiknu esa fdl jkT; dk izFke LFkku gS\ & dukZVdA
•• vktdy eqnzk dh ifjorZuh;rk dk vFkZ ,slh O;oLFkk ls yxk;k tkrk gS] ftlosQ rgr ns'k dh eqnzk eqDr :i ls izeq[k fons'kh
eqnzkvksa esa rFkk izeq[k fons'kh eqnzk,¡ eqDr :i ls LFkkuh; eqnzk esa ifjorZu'khy gksrh gSaA dc ls Hkkjrh; eqnzk #i;k dks Hkqxrku
larqyu osQ pkyw [kkrs osQ ysu&nsu osQ fy, iw.kZ ifjorZuh; ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k gS\ & 19 vxLr] 1994 lsA
•• lk[k fu;a=k.k ls vfHkizk; ns'k esa lk[k dh ek=kk ,oa n'kk ij fu;a=k.k ls gSA Hkkjr esa ;g dk;Z fdlosQ }kjk fd;k tkrk gS\ &
fjtoZ cSad vkWiQ bafM;k }kjkA
•• O;kikj ftlosQ varxZr fdlh foØsrk ls dksbZ oLrq rHkh [kjhnh tkrh gS] tc og Øsrk ls Hkh dksbZ oLrq [kjhnus dks rRij gks] rks
bls D;k dgk tkrk gS\ & dkmaVj VªsM dh uhfrA
•• Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh osQ vk¡dM+s fdl laxBu }kjk ,df=kr ,oa izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSa\ & us'kuy lSEiy loZs vkWxsZukbts'ku
(NSSO) }kjk
•• fo'o esa og dkSu&lk izFke jk"Vª gS] ftlus vkfèkdkfjd :i ls ifjokj fu;kstu dk;ZØe dks viuk;k\ & phu
•• fuxe dj yxk;k tkrk gS & dEifu;ksa dh vk; ij
•• jk"Vªh; vk; osQ vkdyu esa ewY; ßkl dh x.kuk fdl ij dh tkrh gS\ & osQoy iw¡thxr oLrqvksa ij
•• uhfr vk;ksx dk vè;{k gksrk gS & izèkkuea=kh
•• fdl foèks;d osQ }kjk ljdkj o"kZ Hkj jktLo ,d=k djus dh O;oLFkk djrh gS\ & foÙk foèks;d }kjk
•• ikuh iapk;r ;kstuk fdl jkT; ls lEcfUèkr gS\ & vksfM'kk
•• bf.M;k czk.M bZfDoVh iQ.M dh LFkkiuk fdl o"kZ gqbZ\ & 1996 esa
•• eYgks=kk lfefr dk xBu fdl iz;kstu ls fd;k x;k Fkk\ & chek {ks=k esa efgyk vkSj cky fodkl dk;ZØe
osQUæ ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr dqN ;kstuk,¡
Ø- ;kstuk ?kks"k.kk dh frfFk
1- iz/kuea=kh tu&/u ;kstuk 28 vxLr] 2014
2- nhu n;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'ky fe'ku 25 flrEcj] 2014
3- LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku 2 vDVwcj] 2014
4- lkaln vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk 11 vDVwcj] 2014
5- Jeso t;rs 16 vDVwcj] 2014
6- thou izek.k (isa'ku Hkksfx;ksa osQ fy,) 10 uoEcj] 2014
7- fe'ku bUæ/uq"k (Vhdkdj.k) 25 fnlEcj] 2014
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
8- uhfr vk;ksx 1 tuojh] 2015
9- ân; (le`¼ lkaLÑfrd laj{k.k o dk;kdYi) 21 tuojh] 2015
10- csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks vfHk;ku 22 tuojh] 2015
11- lqdU;k le`f¼ ;kstuk* 22 tuojh] 2015
12- e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk 19 iQjojh] 2015
13- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 12 vizSy] 2015
14- iz/kuea=kh thou T;ksfr chek ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015
15- iz/kuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015
16- vVy isa'ku ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015
17- mLrkn ;kstuk 14 ebZ] 2015
18- dk;kdYi (tuLokLF;) ;kstuk 15 ebZ] 2015
19- Mh-Mh- fdlku pSuy 26 ebZ] 2015
20- gkmflax iQkWj vkWy Ldhe 25 twu] 2015
21- vVy fe'ku iQkWj jhtqosus'ku ,aM vjcu VªkaliQkWesZ'ku (AMRUT) 25 twu] 2015
22- LekVZ flVh ifj;kstuk 25 twu] 2015
23- fMftVy bafM;k 1 tqykbZ] 2015
24- ç/kuea=kh dkS'ky fodkl 15 tqykbZ] 2015
25- baæ/uq"k (lkoZtfud cSad dh lqn`<+rk osQ fy, lkr lw=kh; fe'ku) 20 vxLr] 2015
26- ';kek çlkn eq[kthZ #cuZ fe'ku 16 flrEcj] 2015
27- Lo.kZ ekSæhdj.k ;kstuk 5 uoEcj] 2015
28- Lo.kZ ckWUM ;kstuk 5 uoEcj] 2015
29- Lo.kZ cqfy;u ;kstuk 5 uoEcj] 2015
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
30- mn; (UDAY - Ujwal Discom Yojana) 2015
31- LVkVZ vi ba fM;k Ldhe 16 tuojh] 2016
32- lsrq Hkkjre~ ;kstuk 4 ekpZ] 2016
33- LVS.M vi ba fM;k Ldhe 5 vizSy] 2016
34- xzkeksn; ls Hkkjr mn; vfHk;ku 14 vizSy] 2016
35- iz/kuea=kh mTtoyk ;kstuk 1 ebZ] 2016
36- jk"Vªh; o;ksJh ;kstuk 1 vçSy] 2017
37- ç/kuea=kh o; oanuk ;kstuk 21 tqykbZ] 2017
38- ft;ks ikjlh 29 flracj] 2017
39- ç/kuea=kh lqjf{kr ekr`Ro vfHk;ku 4 uoacj] 2017
40- ç/kuea=kh lqjf{kr ekr`Ro vfHk;ku 4 uoacj] 2017
41- lsok Hkkstu ;kstuk 1 twu] 2018
42- ih,e&vk'kk flracj] 2018
43- ekr`Ro vodk'k çksRlkgu ;kstuk 15 uoacj] 2018
44- ç/kuea=kh fdlku lEeku fuf/ 1 iQjojh] 2019
45- ty 'kfDr vfHk;ku 1 tqykbZ] 2019
46- fiQV bafM;k ewoesaV dk 'kqHkkjaHk 29 vxLr] 2019
47- ç/kuea=kh eku/u ;kstuk 12 flracj] 2019
* lqdU;k le`f¼ ;kstuk csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvks dk;ZØe dk ,d Hkkx gSA blesa 10 o"kZ ls de mez dh yM+dh osQ uke ij
tek [kkrk [kksyk tk ldrk gS] ftlesa U;wure tek jkf'k 1000 #i, rFkk vf/dre 1-5 yk[k #i, gksxhA bl ij 9-1 izfr'kr
okf"kZd C;kt vuqekU; gksxkA
* vk;q"eku Hkkjr ;kstuk dk izkjaHk 2018 esa fd;k x;k] ftlosQ varxZr 10 djksM+ ifjokjksa dks lkykuk 5 yk[k #i;s LokLF; chek
nsus dk izko/ku gSA
ctV
ctV osQ lkj esa ctV vuqekuksa dks LFkwy lewgksa esa ck¡V dj ifjyf{kr fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd ctV dks vklkuh ls le>k tk
losQA ;g nLrkost Hkkjr ljdkj dh izkfIr;ksa ,oa O;; osQ lkFk&lkFk jktdks"kh; ?kkVs] jktLo ?kkVs] izHkkoh jktLo ?kkVs ,oa izkFkfed
?kkVs dks n'kkZrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] bl nLrkost esa mi;qDr pkVks± vkSj xzkiQksa osQ ekè;e ls izkfIr;ksa osQ lzksrksa] muosQ vuqiz;ksxksa] Í.k
osQ C;kSjksa rFkk ?kkVs osQ lalwpdksa] ?kkVk foÙk iks"k.k osQ lzksrksa rFkk ctV dks izHkkfor djus okys egÙoiw.kZ la?kVdksa dk fp=kkRed C;kSjk
izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
jktdks"kh; ?kkVk jktLo izkfIr;ksa] tek Í.k&fHkUu iw¡th izkfIr;ksa rFkk dqy O;; ds chp dk varj gSA ;g ljdkj dh dqy m/kj
laca/h vko';drkvksa dks n'kkZrk gSA
jktLo ?kkVs dk vFkZ jktLo izkfIr;ksa dh rqyuk esa jktLo O;; dk vf/d gksuk gSA
izkFkfed ?kkVs dks C;kt vnk;fx;k¡ ?kVkdj jktdks"kh; ?kkVs }kjk ekik tkrk gSA
izHkkoh jktLo ?kkVk] jktLo ?kkVs rFkk iw¡thxr vkfLr;ksa osQ l`tu osQ fy, vuqnkuksa osQ chp dk varj gSA
dsUnzh; ctV 2020&21 dk lkjka'k

yy Hkkjrh; jsyos vkSj ukxj foekuu ea=kky; us Øe'k% ¶fdlku jsy¸ vkSj ¶Ñf"k mM+ku¸ dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA
yy ç/kuea=kh&tu vkjksX; ;kstuk osQ varxZr 20]000 ls T;knk vLirkyksa dks iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
yy Hkkjrh; fojklr laj{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk djus dk
çLrko ctV esa 'kkfey gSA
yy mM+ku ;kstuk dks lg;ksx çnku djus osQ fy, 2024 rd
100 u, gokbZ vîóksa dh LFkkiuk dh tk;sxhA
yy Ñf"k] xzkeh.k fodkl] flapkbZ vkSj lEc¼ dk;ks± ij 2-83
yk• djksM+ #i;s •pZ fd, tk,axsA
yy o"kZ 2020&21 osQ fy, 15 yk• djksM+ #i;s osQ Ñf"k
½.k dk y{; j•k x;k gSA ^ç/kuea=kh&fdlku* ;kstuk
osQ lHkh ik=k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks osQlhlh ;kstuk osQ varxZr
'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA
yy ikuh dh leL;k ls tw> jgs 100 ftyksa osQ fy, O;kid mik; djus] 20 yk• fdlkuksa dks LVSaM vyksu lkSj iEi LFkkfir
djus osQ fy, îh,e&dqlqe* ;kstuk dk foLrkj fd;k tk,xkA
yy Ñf=ke xHkkZ/ku dk dojst orZeku 30 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj 70 çfr'kr fd;k tk,xkA
yy csgrj ekosZQfVax vkSj fu;kZr osQ fy, jkT;ksa dh lgk;rk gsrq ¶,d ftyk] ,d mRikn¸ ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k tk,xkA
yy pkjkxkg fodflr djus osQ fy, eujsxk dks tksM+us] 2025 rd nw/ çlaLdj.k {kerk dks nksxquk djosQ 108 fefy;u ehfVªd
Vu fd;k tk,xkA
yy uhyh vFkZO;oLFkk esa o"kZ 2022&23 rd eRL; mRiknu c<+kdj 200 yk• Vu djus dk çLrko gSA
yy nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk osQ varxZr xjhch mUewyu osQ fy, 50 yk• ifjokjksa dks 58 yk• Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa osQ lkFk
tksM+k x;k gSA
yy vkjksX;rk] ty vkSj LoPNrk gsrq LokLF; {ks=k osQ fy, 69]000 djksM+ #i;s dk çko/ku fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ç/kuea=kh tu vkjksX;
;kstuk (ih,ets,okbZ) osQ fy, 6]400 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, x, gSaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
yy k;q"eku Hkkjr ;kstuk esa e'khu y²ux vkSj vkfVZfiQ'ky baVsfytsal dk ç;ksx djrs gq, ihihih eksM osQ rgr eq[;r% vkdka{kh
v
ftyksa esa vLirkyksa dh LFkkiuk dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
yy 2025 rd risfnd (Vh-ch-) dks lekIr djus osQ fy, ¶Vhch gkjsxk] ns'k thrsxk¸ vfHk;ku 'kq# fd;k x;k gSA
yy LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku osQ fy, 2020&21 esa dqy 12]300 djksM+ #i;s dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA
yy ty thou fe'ku osQ fy, 3-60 yk• djksM+ #i;s dh eatwjh nh xbZ gSA
yy foR‍r o"kZ 2020&21 esa f'k{kk {ks=k osQ fy, 99]300 djksM+ #i;s vkSj dkS'ky fodkl osQ fy, 3000 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd,
tk jgs gSaA
yy ^Hkkjr esa vè‍;;u* dk;ZØe osQ rgr baM&lSV dks ,f'k;kbZ ,oa vÚhdh ns'kksa esa 'kq: djus dk çL‍rko gSA
yy iqfyl laca/h foKku] iQkWjsafld foKku] lkbcj&iQkWjsafld bR‍;kfn osQ {ks=k esa jk"‍Vªh; iqfyl fo'‍ofo|ky; vkSj jk"‍Vªh; iQkWjsafld
foKku fo'‍ofo|ky; dh L‍Fkkiuk djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy m|ksx ,oa okf.kT‍; osQ fodkl o lao/Zu osQ fy, lexz :i ls lqfo/k çnku djus osQ fy, ,d fuos'k eatwjh çdks"‍B L‍Fkkfir
fd;k tk,xkA
yy ,d jk"‍Vªh; rduhdh oL‍=k fe'ku 'kq: fd;k tk,xk] ftldk mís'‍; Hkkjr dks rduhdh oL‍=kksa osQ {ks=k esa oSf'od L‍rj ij
vxz.kh cukuk gSA
yy ^fufoZd* ;kstuk vf/d fu;kZr ½.k osQ forj.k osQ mís'‍; dh iwfrZ rFkk eq[‍;r% NksVs fu;kZrdksa dks vko'‍;d lg;ksx gsrq 'kq:
dh tk jgh gSA
yy volajpuk lsD‍Vj osQ fodkl gsrq vxys 5 o"kks± esa bl {ks=k esa 100 yk• djksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k fd;k tk,xkA
yy jktekxks± osQ R‍ofjr fodkl ij Hkh dke fd;k tk,xk] buesa 2500 fdyksehVj yE‍cs ,D‍lsl daVªksy jktekxks±] 9000 fdyksehVj
yE‍cs vkfFkZd dkWfjMksj] 2000 fdyksehVj yE‍cs rVh; ,oa Hkwfe canjxkg lM+dksa vkSj 2000 fdyksehVj yE‍cs j.kuhfrd jktekxks±
dk fodkl 'kkfey gksxkA
yy psU‍ubZ&cSaxyq# ,D‍lçsl&os 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
yy Hkkjrh; jsyos us 27000 fdyksehVj yE‍ch iVfj;ksa dk fo|qrhdj.k djus dk y{‍; j•k gSA
yy gokbZ csM+s dh la[‍;k ekStwnk 600 ls c<+dj 1200 rFkk ifjogu laca/h cqfu;knh <k¡pkxr lqfo/kvksa osQ fy, 1-70 yk• djksM+
#i;s dk vkoaVu djus dk çL‍rko gSA
yy jk"‍Vªh; xSl fxzM osQ nk;js dks ekStwnk 16]200 fdyksehVj ls c<+kdj 27]000 fdyksehVj djus dk çL‍rko gSA
yy HkkjrusV* osQ tfj, îQkbcj Vw n gkse (,iQVhVh,p) dusD‍'ku* 1]00]000 xzke iapk;rksa dks vkil esa dusD‍V djsaxsA
yy foÙk o"kZ 2020&21 osQ nkSjku iks"k.k laca/h dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, 35]600 djksM+ #i;s dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
yy efgyk fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, 28]600 djksM+ #i;s dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
yy 2020&21 osQ nkSjku vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa rFkk vU; fiNM+k oxks± osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, 85]000 djksM+ #i;s osQ vkoaVu dk çLrko
fd;k x;k gSA
yy laLÑfr ,oa i;ZVu osQ ckjs esa laLÑfr ea=kky; osQ rgr ,d Hkkjrh; fojklr ,oa laj{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xhA
yy ik¡p /jksgj LFkyks&a jk•hx<+h (gfj;k.kk)] gfLrukiqj (mÙkj çns'k)] f'kolkxj (vle)] /kSykohjk (xqtjkr) vkSj vfnpuYywj
(rfeyukMq) dks LFkkfud laxzgky;ksa lfgr çfreku LFkyksa osQ :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,xkA
yy i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; }kjk uxjksa esa LoPN gok lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, 2020&21 osQ fy, 4400 djksM+
#i;s vkoafVr fd, tk,axsA
yy jk"Vªh; HkrhZ ,tsalh (,uvkj,) vjktif=kr inksa dh HkrhZ gsrq ,d dEI;wVj vk/kfjr vkWuykbu lkekU; ik=krk ijh{kk osQ lapkyu
osQ fy, jk"Vªh; HkrhZ ,tsalh (,uvkj,) dh LFkkiuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gSA
yy Hkkjr ljdkj us fofu;ked rFkk fodkl osQ mís'; ls ljdkjh {ks=k osQ cSadksa dks iw¡th osQ ekè;e ls yxHkx 3]50]000 djksM+
#i;s çnku fd;s gSaA
yy ljdkj us 10 cSadksa dk foy; djosQ pkj cSadksa osQ xBu dks eatwjh nh gSA
yy tek chek vkSj ØsfMV xkjaVh fuxe (MhvkbZlhthlh) dks tekdÙkkZ osQ fy, tek jkf'k chek dk nk;jk ekStwnk 1 yk• #i;s ls
c<+kdj çfr tekdÙkkZ 5 yk• #i;s fd, tkus dh vuqefr ns nh gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
yy foÙkh; vkfLr;ksa dk çfrHkwfrdj.k ,oa iqufuZekZ.k rFkk çfrHkwfr gsrq çorZu (SARFAESI) vf/fu;e] 2002 osQ rgr ½.k
olwyh gsrq ik=k gksus osQ fy, ,uch,iQlh gsrq lhek dks 500 djksM+ #i;s ls ?kVkdj 100 djksM+ #i, dh vkfLr lhek fd,
tkus dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
yy ljdkj rFkk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us fxÝV flVh xqtjkr esa varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; lsok osQUæ esa O;kikj osQ fy, #i;s osQ vo;oksa dks
vuqefr nsus osQ fy, vusd mik; fd, gSaA
yy O‍;fÙkQxr vk;dj vkSj djk/ku dk ljyhdj.kA
dj ;ksX‍; vk; osQ L‍ySc (#i;s) ekStwnk dj njsa ubZ dj njsa
0 ls 2-5 yk• NwV NwV
2-5 ls 5 yk• 5» 5»
5 ls 7-5 yk• 20» 10»
7-5 ls 10 yk• 20» 15»
10 ls 12-5 yk• 30» 20»
12-5 ls 15 yk• 30» 25»
15 yk• ls Åij 30» 30»
yy Hkkjrh; bfDoVh cktkj dks vkSj vf/d vkd"kZd cukus rFkk fuos'kdksa osQ ,d cM+s oxZ dks jkgr çnku djus osQ fy, MhMhVh
dks gVkus vkSj ykHkka'k çko/ku dh D‍ykfldy ç.kkyh dks viukus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy fo|qr {ks=k esa fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus osQ fy, mU‍gksaus 15 çfr'kr dh fj;k;rh dkWjiksjsV dj nj fo|qr mR‍iknu esa yxh ubZ
?kjsyw daifu;ksa dks nsus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy dkjksckj djus okys ik=k L‍VkVZvi dh lhek 25 djksM+ ls c<+kdj 100 djksM+ #i;s djus dh vof/ dks ekStwnk 7 o"kZ ls
c<+kdj 10 o"kZ djus dk Hkh çL‍rko fd;k gSA
yy lgdkjh laL‍Fkkvksa ij orZeku esa vf/Hkkj vkSj midj osQ lkFk 30 çfr'kr dh nj ls dj yxk;k tkrk gSA lgdkjh laL‍Fkkvksa
vkSj dkWjiksjsV osQ chp lekurk ykus osQ fy, bu laL‍Fkkvksa ij NwV@dVkSrh osQ fcuk 10 çfr'kr vf/Hkkj vkSj pkj çfr'kr midj
osQ lkFk 22 çfr'kr dj Hkqxrku dk fodY‍i çnku djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy bu lgdkjh laL‍Fkkvksa dks oSdfYid U‍;wure dj ls NwV nsus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy ,e,l,ebZ {ks=k osQ NksVs •qnjk O‍;kikfj;ksa] O‍;kolkf;;ksa vkSj nqdkunkjksa osQ fy, dqy dkjksckjksa dh mP‍pre lhek esa 5 xquk o`f¼
djosQ ekStwnk ,d djksM+ ls ik¡p djksM+ #i;s djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy /ekZFkZ laL‍Fkkuksa dh vk; dks djk/ku ls iwjh rjg NwV çkI‍r gSA
yy iQslysl vihy ;kstuk vkdyu çfØ;k esa vf/d dk;Z n{krk] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj mR‍rjnkf;R‍o lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, iQslysl
vkdyu dh rtZ ij gh iQslysl vihy ;kstuk dks 'kq: djus osQ fy, vk;dj dkuwu esa la'kks/u dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy ^fookn ls fo'‍okl* ;kstuk osQ rgr djnkrk dks osQoy fookfnr djksa dh jkf'k dk nku djus dh vko'‍;drk gksxh vkSj mls
C‍;kt rFkk naM ls iwjh rjg NwV feysxhA
yy iSu tkjh djus dh çfØ;k dks vkSj vf/d vklku cukus osQ fy, foL‍r`r vkosnu i=k Hkjus dh fdlh vko'‍;drk osQ cxSj
vk/kj osQ ekè‍;e ls rqjU‍r gh vkWuykbu iSu dk vkoaVu dj fn;k tk,xkA
yy miHkksD‍rk buokW;l osQ fy, blesa Mk;ufed D‍;wvkj dksM dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA •jhnkjh osQ le; D‍;wvkj dksM osQ ekè‍;e
ls Hkqxrku djrs le; th,lVh ekudksa dk fooj.k rR‍dky gkfly dj fy;k tk,xkA
yy 21oha 'krkCnh osQ rhljs n'kd dk igyk osQUæh; ctV is'k djrs gq, foÙk ea=kh Jherh fueZyk lhrkje.k us nwj&njkt rd igq¡pus
okys vusd lq/kjksa dh 'kq#vkr dh] ftudk mís'; y?kq vof/] eè;e vof/ vkSj nh?kZdkfyd mik;ksa ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
dks ÅtkZoku cukuk gSA
yy osQUæh; ctV ¶thou dks ljy cukus¸ dh lEiw.kZ fo"k;&oLrq ij rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA fdlkuksa osQ vuqdwy igy djosQ
2020&21 osQ fy, 15 yk• djksM+ #i;s osQ Ñf"k ½.k dk y{; j•k x;k gS vkSj •jkc gksus okyh oLrqvksa osQ fy, fcuk
fdlh ck/k okyh jk"Vªh; 'khr vkiwfrZ Jà•yk osQ fy, Hkkjrh; jsyos vkSj ukxj foekuu ea=kky; us Øe'k% ¶fdlku jsy¸
vkSj ¶Ñf"k mM+ku¸ dh 'kq#vkr dh gS_ 20 yk• fdlkuksa dks fxzM ls tqM+s iEiksa dks miyC/ djkus osQ fy, ih,e dqlqe dk
foLrkj fd;k tk,xkA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
?kkVs dk lkj (Deficit Statistics)

2018&2019 2019&2020 2019&2020 2020&2021
ctV la'kksf/r ctV
okLrfod
vuqeku vuqeku vuqeku
Actuals Budget Revised Budget
Estimates Estimates Estimates
649418 703760 766486 796337

1- jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 1. Fiscal Deficit
(3-4) (3-3) (3-8) (3-5)
454483 485019 499544 609219

2- jktLo ?kkVk 2. Revenue Deficit
(2-4) (2-3) (2-4) (2-7)
3- izHkkoh jktLo 3. Effective Revenue 262702 277686 307807 402719

?kkVk Deficit (1-4) (1-3) (1-5) (1-8)
66770 43289 141741 88134

4- izkFkfed ?kkVk 4. Primary Deficit
(0-4) (0-2) (0-7) (0-4)
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
jktdks"kh; ?kkVk foÙkiks"k.k osQ lzksr (Sources of Financing fiscal Deficit)

2018&2019 2019&2020 2019&2020 2020&2021
ctV la'kksf/r ctV
okLrfod
vuqeku vuqeku vuqeku
Actuals Budget Revised Budget
Estimates Estimates Estimates
1- Í.k izkfIr;k¡ (fuoy) 1. Debt Receipts (Net)
2- cktkj m/kj (ljdkjh 2. Market Borrowings

izfrHkwfr $ jktdks"kh; gqaMh $ 430164 448122 498972 535870
ihvks,yvkbZ,iQ) (G-Sec+T Bills+POLIF)
3- vYi cprksa osQ cnys 3. Securities against Small

izfrHkwfr;k¡ Savings
125000 130000 240000 240000
4- jkT; Hkfo"; fuf/;k¡ 4. State Provident Funds 16059 18000 18000 18000
5. Other Receipts (Internal

5- vU; izkfIr;k¡ (vkarfjd Í.k
rFkk yksd ys[kk)
Debts and Public 73997 59532 4941 50848
Account)
6- fons'kh Í.k 6. External Debt 5519 (&) 2952 4933 4622
7. Draw Down of Cash

7- udnh 'ks"k dk de vkgj.k
Balance
(&)1321 51059 -------- (&) 53003
8- oqQy tksM+ 8. Grand Total 649418 703760 766846 796337
yy LokLF; osQ {ks=k esa ctV esa ç/kuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk osQ varxZr 20]000 ls T;knk vLirkyksa dks iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;k
x;k gS vkSj 2024 rd 2000 vkS"kf/;ksa vkSj 300 lftZdyksa dh lHkh ftyksa dks is'kd'k djrs gq, tu vkS"kf/ osQUæ ;kstuk
ykxw dh xbZ gSA
yy mM+ku ;kstuk dks lg;ksx çnku djus osQ fy, 2024 rd 100 u, gokbZ vîóksa osQ lkFk cqfu;knh <k¡ps osQ fodkl esa rsth ykbZ
tk,xh vkSj ihihih eksM osQ tfj, 150 ;k=kh Vªsusa pykbZ tk,axhA
yy ekpZ] 2021 rd yxHkx 150 mPprj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa osQ tfj, vçsafVlf'ki dh 'kq#vkr dh tk,xhA
m|ksx] okf.kT‍; ,oa fuos'k
yy vkfFkZd fodkl dh Fkhe dk mY‍ys• djrs gq, foR‍r ea=kh us dgk fd m|ksx ,oa okf.kT‍; osQ fodkl o lao/Zu osQ fy, foR‍r
o"kZ 2020&21 esa 27]300 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, tk,axsA lexz :i ls lqfo/k çnku djus osQ fy, ,d fuos'k eatwjh çdks"‍B
L‍Fkkfir fd;k tk,xkA
yy lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh (ihihih) O‍;oL‍Fkk osQ rgr jkT‍;ksa osQ lkFk lg;ksx ls 5 uohu ^L‍ekVZ flVh* fodflr djus dk
çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA eksckby iQksu] bysD‍VªkWfud midj.k ,oa lseh&daMD‍Vj iSosQftax osQ fuekZ.k dks çksR‍lkfgr djus osQ fy,
Hkh ,d ;kstuk dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy blh rjg 1480 djksM+ #i;s osQ vuqekfur ifjO‍;; osQ lkFk 4 o"kks± dh dk;kZU‍o;u vof/ okyk ,d jk"‍Vªh; rduhdh oL‍=k
fe'ku 'kq: fd;k tk,xk] ftldk mís'‍; Hkkjr dks rduhdh oL‍=kksa osQ {ks=k esa oSf'od L‍rj ij vxz.kh cukuk gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
yy vf/d fu;kZr ½.k osQ forj.k osQ mís'‍; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, ,d ubZ ;kstuk ^fufoZd* 'kq: dh tk jgh gS] ftlosQ rgr eq[‍;r%
NksVs fu;kZrdksa dks vko'‍;d lg;ksx fn;k tk,xkA xouZesaV bZ&ekdZsVI‍ysl (tse) oL‍rqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh •jhn gsrq ,dy
I‍ysViQkWeZ eqgS;k djkus osQ fy, ns'k esa ,dhÑr •jhn ç.kkyh l`ftr djus dh fn'kk vxzlj gks jgk gSA
vkjksX;rk] ty vkSj LoPNrk
yy LokLF; {ks = k os Q fy, 69]000 djks M + #i;s dk çko/ku fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ç/kuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk (ih,ets,okbZ)
osQ fy, 6]400 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, x, gSaA
yy ç/kuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk osQ varxZr 20]000 ls vf/d iSuyc¼ vLirky gSa] fiQj Hkh bl ;kstuk osQ varxZr Lrj&2 vkSj
Lrj&3 'kgjksa esa xjhcksa osQ fy, vf/d vLirkyksa dh vko';drk gSA
yy vk;q"eku Hkkjr ;kstuk esa e'khu y²ux vkSj vkfVZfiQ'ky baVsfytsal dk ç;ksx djrs gq, ihihih eksM osQ rgr eq[;r% vkdka{kh
ftyksa esa vLirkyksa dh LFkkiuk dk çLrko gSA
yy 2025 rd risfnd (Vh-ch) dks lekIr djus osQ fy, ¶Vhch gkjsxk] ns'k thrsxk¸ vfHk;ku 'kq# fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok
ctV esa 2024 rd lHkh ftyksa esa 1000 osaQnzksa dh LFkkiuk djrs gq, 2]000 vkS"kf/;ksa rFkk 300 lftZdy dh is'kd'k djrs
gq, tu vkS"kf/ osQUæ ;kstuk dk foLrkj djus dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
yy LoPNrk osQ {ks=k esa ljdkj •qys esa 'kkSp eqÙkQ Hkkjr osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku osQ fy, 2020&21 esa dqy 12]300
djksM+ #i;s dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA
yy blh çdkj ls ty thou fe'ku osQ fy, 3-60 yk• djksM+ #i;s dh eatwjh nh xbZ gS vkSj o"kZ 2020&21 osQ nkSjku bl ;kstuk
osQ fy, 11]500 djksM+ #i;s miyC/ djk, tk,axsA
efgyk ,oa cky lekt dY;k.k
yy ftEesnkj lekt osQ eq[; fo"k; ij tksj nsrs gq, foÙk ea=kh us foÙk o"kZ 2020&21 osQ nkSjku iks"k.k laca/h dk;ZØeksa osQ fy,
35]600 djksM+ #i;s dk çLrko fd;k gSA efgyk fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, 28]600 djksM+ #i;s dk çLrko fd;k gSA
yy blosQ vykok] foÙk ea=kh us 2020&21 osQ nkSjku vuqlfw pr tkfr;ksa rFkk vU; fiNM+k oxks± osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, 85]000 djksM+
#i;s osQ vkoaVu dk çLrko fd;k gSA
yy blh çdkj o"kZ 2020&21 osQ nkSjku vuqlwfpr tutkfr osQ fodkl dY;k.k dks vkxs c<+kus osQ fy, 53]700 djksM+ #i;s] ofj"B
ukxfjdksa ,oa fnO;kaxksa dh leL;kvksa gsrq 2020&21 osQ fy, 9500 djksM+ #i;s dk vkoaVu fd;k tk jgk gSA
la Lœfr ,oa i;ZVu
yy laLÑfr ,oa i;ZVu osQ ckjs esa laLÑfr ea=kky; osQ rgr ,d Hkkjrh; fojklr ,oa laj{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xh] ftls
ekU; fo'ofo|ky; dk ntkZ izkIr gksxkA
yy ik¡p /jksgj LFkyksa&jk•hx<+h (gfj;k.kk)] gfLrukiqj (mÙkj çns'k)] f'kolkxj (vle)] /kSykohjk (xqtjkr) vkSj vfnpuYywj
(rfeyukMq) dks LFkkfud laxzgky;ksa lfgr çfreku LFkyksa osQ :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,xkA ç/kuea=kh }kjk tuojh] 2020
esa dh xbZ ?kks"k.kk osQ vuqlkj] dksydkrk esa Hkkjrh; laxzgky; dk iqujks¼kj fd;k tk,xkA
yy ,sfrgkfld iqjkus Vdlky Hkou dksydkrk esa eqæk fo"k; vkSj O;kikj ij ,d laxzgky; Hkh LFkkfir gksxkA iwjs ns'k esa pkj vU;
laxzgky;ksa dk uohdj.k vkSj iqujks¼kj fd;k tk,xkA mUgksaus dgk fd jkaph (>kj•.M) esa tutkrh; laxzgky; LFkkfir djus
esa enn nh tk,xhA vgenkckn osQ fudV yksFky esa iksr ifjogu ea=kky; }kjk ,d iksr laxzgky; LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk] tks
gM+Iik ;qx dk ,d ukSogu LFky gSA
i;kZoj.k ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu
yy ctV çLrko is'k djrs gq, Jherh fueZyk lhrkje.k us dgk fd ljdkj mu jkT;ksa dks çksRlkfgr djsxh] tks ,d fefy;u ls
vf/d tula[;k okys uxjksa esa LoPN gok lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, ;kstuk,¡ cuk jgs gSa vkSj mUgsa dk;kZfUor dj jgs gSaA
yy i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; }kjk bl çksRlkgu osQ ekun.M osQ ckjs esa vf/lwfpr fd;k tk,xk vkSj 2020&21
osQ fy, bl mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq 4400 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, tk,axsA
f'k{kk vkSj dkS'ky
yy f'k{kk ,oa dkS'ky fodkl dk mY‍ys• djrs gq, foR‍r ea=kh us dgk fd foR‍r o"kZ 2020&21 esa f'k{kk {ks=k osQ fy, 99]300
djksM+ #i;s vkSj dkS'ky fodkl osQ fy, 3000 djksM+ #i;s vkoafVr fd, tk jgs gSaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
yy ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk tY‍n gh dh tk,xhA yxHkx 150 mP‍p f'k{k.k laL‍Fkku ekpZ] 2021 rd vçsafVlf'ki ;qD‍r fMxzh@
fMI‍yksek ikBÔØe 'kq: dj nsaxsA fMxzh L‍rj dk iw.kZdkfyd vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
yy ^Hkkjr esa vè‍;;u* dk;ZØe osQ rgr baM&lSV dks ,f'k;kbZ ,oa vÚhdh ns'kksa esa 'kq: djus dk çL‍rko gSA iqfyl lac/ a h foKku]
iQkWjfas ld foKku] lkbcj&iQkWjsafld bR‍;kfn osQ {ks=k esa jk"‍Vªh; iqfyl fo'‍ofo|ky; vkSj jk"‍Vªh; iQkWjsafld foKku fo'‍ofo|ky; dh
L‍Fkkiuk djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
ubZ vFkZO‍;oL‍Fkk
yy futh {ks=k ns'k Hkj esa MsVk lsaVj ikdks± dk fuekZ.k dj losQ] blosQ fy, tY‍n gh ,d uhfr çL‍rqr dh tk,xhA
yy ^HkkjrusV* osQ tfj, îQkbcj Vw n gkse (,iQVhVh,p) dusD‍'ku* 1]00]000 xzke iapk;rksa dks vkil esa dusD‍V djsaxsA foR‍r o"kZ
2020&21 esa HkkjrusV dk;ZØe dks 6000 djksM+ #i;s eqgS;k djkus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
yy L‍VkVZ&vI‍l dks ykHkkfUor djus osQ fy, vusd çL‍rko fd, x, gSa] ftuesa vkbZihvkj osQ fuckZ/ vuqç;ksx ,oa bU‍gsa ntZ djus
osQ fy, fMftVy I‍ysViQkWeZ cukuk vkSj u;s ,oa mHkjrs {ks=kksa lfgr fofHkU‍u çkS|ksfxdh lsD‍Vjksa esa ûkWyst Vªkalys'ku D‍yL‍Vjksa*
dks L‍Fkkfir djuk 'kkfey gSaA
yy vo/kj.kk osQ lk{‍; dh fMtkbfuax] buosQ fuekZ.k vkSj oS/hdj.k rFkk çkS|ksfxdh D‍yL‍Vjksa dk L‍rj vkSj vf/d Åij mBkus osQ
fy, gkcZfjax VsL‍V csM ,oa NksVh fofuekZ.k bdkb;k¡ L‍Fkkfir dh tk,axhA jk"‍Vªh; D‍okaVe çkS|ksfxdh ,oa vuqç;ksx fe'ku osQ fy,
5 o"kks± dh vof/ osQ nkSjku 8]000 djksM+ #i;s dk çko/ku djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gSA
Lej.kh; rF;
•• Hkkjr esa lokZf/d 'kgjhÑr jkT; gS & xksok (62-2»)
•• lHkh jkT;ksa rFkk osaQnz'kkflr izns'kksa esa lokZf/d tula[;k ?kuRo gS & fnYyh dk
•• U;wure tula[;k 5000] iq#"k dk;Z'khy tula[;k dk de&ls&de 75» xSj&Ñf"k O;olk;ksa esa layXu gksuk rFkk U;wure tula[;k
?kuRo 400 O;fDr izfr oxZ fdeh- gksuk ekinaM gS & uxjh; {ks=k dk
•• 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa uxjksa dh dqy la[;k gS & 3892
•• Hkkjr esa uxjh; tula[;k] dqy tula[;k dk gS & 31-1»
•• fo'o osQ lokZf/d ik¡p tula[;k okys ns'kksa dk vojksgh Øe gS & phu > Hkkjr > la-jk vesfjdk > baMksusf'k;k > czkthy
•• 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa 40 yk[k ls vf/d tula[;k okys uxjh; ladqyu (esxk flVh) gSa & o`gr eqacbZ]
fnYyh] dksydkrk] psUubZ] cSaxyq:] gSnjkckn] vgenkckn] iq.ks vkSj lwjr
•• fdl fnu fo'o dh tula[;k vuqekur% ik¡p vjc gks xbZ Fkh & 11 tqykbZ] 1987 dks
•• iwohZ ,f'k;k esa lokZf/d ?kuh vkcknh okyk ns'k gS & nf{k.k dksfj;k [tula[;k ?kuRo (o"kZ 2013)%516]
•• if'pe ,f'k;k esa lokZf/d uxjhÑr ns'k gS & drj
•• 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr dh tula[;k fo'o dh tula[;k dk gS & 17-5»
•• phu] Hkkjr] baMksusf'k;k rFkk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa ls lokZf/d uxjh; tula[;k gS & phu dh
Hkkjr dh tux.kuk% 2001 o 2011 dh rqyukRed vè;;u

tux.kuk izeq[k rF; o"kZ 2001 o"kZ 2011
n'kdh; o`f¼ nj (izfr'kr esa) 21-54» 17-64»
vkSlr okf"kZd ?kkrkad o`f¼ nj 1-97» 1-64»
tula[;k (fefy;u esa) 1028-74 1210-9
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k esa mÙkj izns'k dh tula[;k

16-16» 16-51»
dk izfr'kr
mÙkj izns'k dh n'kdh; o`f¼ nj (izfr'kr esa) 25-85» 20-20»
mÙkj izns'k dh vkSlr okf"kZd o`f¼ nj (izfr'kr esa) 2-33» 1-85»
mÙkj izns'k esa fyaxkuqikr 898 912
mÙkj izns'k dh dqy lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 56-3» 67-7»
mÙkj izns'k dh efgyk lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 68-82» 77-3»
mÙkj izns'k dh efgyk lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 42-2» 57-2»
mÙkj izsn'k esa iq#"k&L=kh lk{kjrk nj esa varj (izfr'kr

26-6» 20-10»
esa)
Hkkjr dk tula[;k ?kuRo 325 382
Hkkjr esa fyaxkuqikr 933 943
Hkkjr esa fyaxkuqikr (0&6 o"kZ osQ chp) 927 919
Hkkjr dh lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 64-8» 73»
Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k lk{kjrk (izfr'kr esa) 58-7» 67-8»
Hkkjr esa 'kgjh lk{kjrk (izfr'kr esa) 79-9» 84-1»
Hkkjr esa iq#"k lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 75-26» 80-90»
Hkkjr esa efgyk lk{kjrk nj (izfr'kr esa) 53-67» 64-60»
tula[;k osQ vk/kj ij fofHkUu jkT;ksa dh jSad 1- mÙkj izns'k 1- mÙkj izns'k
2- egkjk"Vª 2- egkjk"Vª
3- fcgkj 3- fcgkj
4- if'pe caxky 4- if'pe caxky
5- vka/z izns'k 5- vka/z izns'k
6- rfeyukMq 6- eè; izns'k
7- eè; izns'k 7- rfeyukMq
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
mkj izns'k ctV (2020&21)

2020&21 (ctV lkj)
lkj laxzg
18 iQjojh] 2020 dks foÙkea=kh Jh lqjs'k oqQekj [kUUkk us mÙkj izns'k ljdkj dk pkSFkk ctV is'k fd;kA bl lanHkZ eas mUgkasus
o"kZ 2020&21 osQ fy, 5]12]860-72 djksM+ #i;s dk ctV is'k fd;k] tks vc rd dk lcls cM+k ctV gSA ctV eas 10]967-87
djksM+ #i;s dh ubZ ;kstuk,¡ lfEEkfyr dh xbZ gSaA
yy iwok±py ,Dlizsl&os ifj;kstuk& y[kumQ ls xkthiqj rd (341 fdeh-)] dqy ykxr&22]497 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy xaxk ,Dlizsl&os ifj;kstuk& esjB ls iz;kxjkt (637 fdeh-) ns'k dk lcls yack ,Dlizsl&os gksxk] dqy ykxr 2 gtkj
djksM+ izLrkforA
yy fMisaQl baMfLVª;y dkWfjMksj ifj;kstuk& >k¡lh] fp=kdwV] tkykSu] vyhx<+] vkxjk rFkk dkuiqj (izLrkfor)A
yy izns'k eas gokbZ dusfDVfoVh dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, jhtuy dusfDVfoVh Ldhe ykxw gSA ftlosQ fy, 92-50 djksM+ #i;s
izLrkfor gSaA
yy izns'k eas 8 gokbZ vM~Ms fØ;k'khy gSa rFkk 11 u;s gokbZ vM~Mkas osQ fuekZ.k ij dk;Z py jgk gSA uks,Mk baVjus'kuy xzhuiQhYM
,;jiksVZ osQ fy, 2000 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA lHkh ,;jiksVZ dk lapkyu o"kZ 2023 rd laHkkfor gSA
yy iqfyl cy vk/qfudhdj.k ;kstuk gsrq 122 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy mÙkj izns'k iqfyl iQkWjsafld ;wfuoflZVh dh LFkkiuk gsrq 20 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy tuin y[kumQ] xksj[kiqj rFkk cnk;w¡ eas efgyk ih-,-lh- okfgfu;k¡ LFkkfir gSaA
yy eq[;ea=kh dU;k lqeaxyk ;kstuk& 1200 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy fujkfJr efgyk ias'ku ;kstuk& 1432 djksM+ #Ik;s izLrkforA fujkfJr efgykvkas rFkk muosQ cPPkkas osQ Hkj.k&iks"k.k gsrq 500
#i;s /ujkf'k lh/s ykHkkfFkZ;kas osQ [kkrs eas tk,xhA
yy jk"Vªh; iks"k.k vfHk;ku dk;ZØe& izns'k eas dqiks"k.k dh jksdFkke osQ fy, 400 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
izns'k osQ ;qokvkas dks Lojkstxkj rFkk jkstxkj ls tksM+us osQ fy, eq[;ea=kh f'k{kqrk (Apprenticeship) izksRlkgu rFkk
;qok m|ferk fodkl vfHk;ku izkjaHk fd;s tkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA bu ;kstukvkas gsrq 150 djksM+ #i;s dk izko/ku
fd;k x;k gSA
yy mPp f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus gsrq lgkjuiqj] vktex<+ ,oa vyhx<+ eas rhu u;s jkT; fo'ofo|ky;kas dh LFkkiuk dh tk jgh
gSA izns'k eas iqfyl iQkWjsafld ;wfuoflZVh dh LFkkiuk izLrkfor gSA
yy vk;q"eku Hkkjr&us'kuy gsYFk izksVsD'ku fe'ku osQ varxZr 18 djksM+ ls vf/d ykHkkfFkZ;kas osQ ifjokj dks 5 yk[k #i;s
/ujkf'k rd fu%'kqYd fpfdRlk lqfo/kA
yy ,MokaLM Mk;fcVht ,aM bUMksØkbZu lkbalst lasVj dh LFkkiuk fd;k tkuk izLrkfor gSA
yy iz/kuea=kh ekr` oanuk ;kstuk múizú osQ leLr tuinkas eas ykxw gS] bl ;kstuk gsrq 291 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy fdax tkWtZ esfMdy ;wfuoflZVh gsrq 919 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy fdlkukas dh vk; dks nksxquk djus osQ fy, Ñf"k eas vk/qfud rduhd osQ iz;ksx dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA xsg¡w]•
/ku rFkk eDdk [kjhn dh ubZ izksD;ksjeasV ikWfylh ykxw dh xbZ gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
2020&21 ctV lkj (djksM+ #i;s eas)

2018&19 2019&20 ctV 2020&21 ctV
Øekad 2018&19 la'kksf/r vuqeku
ctV vuqeku vuqeku vuqeku
jktLo
1- 348619-37 380021-72 391734-40 422567-83
izkfIr;k¡
2- dj jktLo 256248-40 275839-97 293039-17 318884-17
iwath
3- 72280-09 59503-55 78950-08 77990-70
izkfIr;k¡
oqQy
4- izkfIr;k¡ 420899-46 439525-27 470684-48 500558-53
(1$3)
jktLo
5- ys[s k ij 321520-27 332774-06 363957-04 395116-95
O;;
6- iwt
¡ h [kkrs 106864]25 116799-23 115744-06 117743-77
7- oqQy O;; 428384-52 449573-29 479701-10 512860-72

(5$6)
jktLo
8- cpr 27099-10 47247-66 27777-36 27450-88
(1&5)
9- jktdks"kh; 44053-32 43839-75 46910-62 53195-46
?kkVk
yy izns'k dh vU; 25 eafM;kas dks bZ&uSe iksVZy ls tksM+s tkus dh dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh gSA
yy izns'k eas Ñf"k dh uohu tkudkjh osQ izpkj&izlkj gsrq 20 uohu Ñf"k foKku osaQnzksa dh LFkkiuk fd;s tkus dk fu.kZ;
fy;k x;k gSA
yy iz/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk (xzkeh.k) osQ varxZr 13 yk[k ls vf/d vkoklkas dk fuekZ.k djk;k x;kA
yy LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku (xzkeh.k) osQ varxZr 2 djksM+ 61 yk[k ifjokjkas osQ 'kkSPkky; fuekZ.k osQ fy, 5791 djksM+ #Ik;s dh
O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy eujsxk osQ fy, 4800 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy igyh ckj ouVkafx;k] eqlgj] dksy ,oa Fkk: tutkfr osQ 38 ou xzkekas dks jktLo xzke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
yy eq[;ea=kh vkokl ;kstuk (xzkeh.k) gsrq 369 djksM+ #i;s izLrkfor] yxHkx 51000 ykHkkfFkZ;kas osQ fy,A
yy eq[;ea=kh iapk;r izksRlkgu ;kstuk& 25 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy pUnz'ks[kj vktkn xzkeh.k fodkl lfpoky;kas dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, 30 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy ty thou fe'ku gsrq&3000 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkforA
yy iz/kuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk osQ ?kVd ^gj [ksr dks ikuh* osQ varxZr 18 tuinkas osQ fy, 50 djksM+ #i;s izLrkforA
yy lkSj ÅtkZ ls fo|qr mRiknu eas futh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok fn;s tkus osQ mís'; ls lkSj ÅtkZ uhfr&2017 fØ;kfUor dh xbZ gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
bl uhfr osQ varxZr o"kZ 2022 rd 10 gtkj 700 esxkokWV {kerk dh lkSj fo|qr mRiknu dk y{; fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA
yy izns'k osQ fofHkÂ izkFkfed fo|ky;kas eas 2 gtkj 727 lksYkj vkj-vks- okVj la;a=kkas dh LFkkiuk dh tk jgh gSA
yy dkuiqj esVªks (358 djksM+ #i;s)] vkxjk esVªks (286 djksM+) rFkk xksj[kiqj esVªks (200 djksM+) osQ fy, /ujkf'k izLrkfor gSA
yy LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku osQ rgr izns'k osQ lHkh 75 tuin vks-Mh-,iQ- ?kksf"kr gks pqosQ gSaA
yy vkWIkjs'ku f'k{kk dk;kdYi osQ ekè;e ls 1 gtkj mPPk ekè;fed fo|ky;kas dks vaxzsth ekè;e eas ifjofrZr fd;k tk,xkA
yy ^csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks* ;kstuk osQ varxZr 500 Nk=kkvkas dks ySiVkWi fn;k x;k gSA
yy jk"Vªh; mPPkrj f'k{kk vfHk;ku osQ varxZr 111 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy fo'o cSad rFkk ,f'k;u MsoyieasV cSad dh lgk;rk ls ekxZ fuekZ.k gsrq Øe'k% 830 djksM+ rFkk 755 djksM+ #i;s dh
O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy iqykas osQ fuekZ.k gsrq 2529 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy okjk.klh eas lkaLÑfrd osaQnz dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, 180 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy mÙkj izns'k i;ZVu uhfr&2018 osQ varxZr i;ZVu {ks=k gsrq 18311 djksM+ #i;s rFkk i;ZVu bdkb;kas osQ izksRlkgu gsrq
50 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy Jh dk'kh fo'oukFk eafnj foLrkjhdj.k ,oa lkSan;hZdj.k ;kstuk gsrq 200 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy gLrf'kfYi;kas dh dykvkas osQ izksRlkgu gsrq fo'odekZ Je lEEkku ;kstuk ykxwA
yy eq[;ea=kh xzkeks|ksx jkstxkj ;kstuk osQ varxZr 16000 yksxkas dks jkstxkj miyC/ djk, tkus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
yy xjhch js[kk ls uhps thou ;kiu djus okys ifjokjkas dh iqf=k;kas osQ fy, 'kknh gsrq êq[;ea=kh lkewfgd fookg ;kstuk* izkjaHk
dh xbZA ftlosQ fy, 250 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy iz/kuea=kh tu fodkl dk;ZØe osQ varxZr vYial[;d ckgqY; {ks=kkas osQ fodkl osQ fy, 783 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
yy eq[;ea=kh Ñ"kd nq?kZVuk dY;k.k ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA ftlosQ fy, 500 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy usikyh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek osQ fy, ckWMZj ,fj;k MsoyieasV dk;ZØe osQ varxZr 74 djksM+ #i;s dh O;oLFkk izLrkfor gSA
yy /kfeZd leqnk;ksa esa o"kZ 2011 osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vuqlkj fyaxkuqikr gS& fl[k (903)] eqlyeku (951)] tSu (940)] ckS¼
(965) rFkk bZlkbZ (1023)
yy tula[;k osQ fijkfeM esa og lewg tks vkfJr vkcknh osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gS & 0&14 o"kZ vk;q lewg
yy jk"Vªh; tula[;k uhfr] 2000 osQ varxZr y{; Fkk fd o"kZ 2045 rd tula[;k esa fLFkjrk izkIr dj yh tk,xh] vc og
yf{kr o"kZ j[kk x;k gS & o"kZ 2070
yy Hkkjr esa ofj"B vk;q fuHkZjrk vuqikr (2011) gS & 14-2»
yy tux.kuk 2011 osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa fefy;u (nl yk[kh;) uxjksa dh dqy la[;k 53 gSA lcls NksVk nl yk[kh; uxj gS
& dksVk
yy Hkkjr dk lokZf/d fyaxkuqikr (1184) okyk ftyk gS & ekgs (iqMqpsjh)
yy tux.kuk 2011 osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr dh ldy iztuurk nj (TFR) gS & 2-4
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
vk;&O;;d 2020&21
fuEufyf[kr fooj.k&i=k esa vk;&O;;d vuqeku 2020&21 dh fLFkfr dk lkjka'k fn;k x;k gSA
(` djksM+ esa)
vk;&O;;d iqujhf{kr vk;&O;;d
en vuqeku vuqeku vuqeku
2019&20 2019&20 2020&21
1 2 3 4
çkjafHkd 'ks"k 8225.47 25435.37 22322.87
1- lesfdr fuf/
(1) çkfIr;k¡&
(d) jktLo ys[ks dh çkfIr;k¡& 391734-40 370265-45 422567-83
([k) iw¡th ys[ks dh çkfIr;k¡&
 Í.kksa ls çkfIr;k¡ 73268]48-00 63268-48 75790-70
 Í.kksa vkSj vfxzeksa dh olwfy;k¡ 5681-60 5681-60 2200-00
;ksx& ([k) iw¡th ys[ks dh çkfIr;k¡ 78950-08 68950-08 77990-70
;ksx& (1) çkfIr;k¡ 470684-48 439215-53 500558-53
(2) O;;
(d) jktLo ys[ks dk O;;& 363957-04 343983-28 395116-95
([k) iw¡th ys[ks dk O;;&
 iw¡thxr ifjO;; 77641-13 79010-91 81209-49
 Í.kksa dk çfrnku 35374-48 25475-95 34897-43
 Í.k vkSj vfxze 2728-45 3357-89 1636-85
;ksx& ([k) iw¡th ys[ks dk O;; 115744-06 107844-75 117743-77
;ksx& (2) O;; 479701-10 451828-03 512860-72
lesfdr fuf/ esa ?kkVk (&)@ cpr ($) &9016-62 (&) 12612-50 (&) 12302-19
2- vkdfLerk fuf/ ('kq¼) 0-00 0-00 0-00
3- yksd lsok ('kq¼) 9500-00 9500-00 8500-00
leLr ysu&nsuksa dk 'kq¼ ifj.kke 483-38 (&) 3112-50 (&) 3802-19
vafre 'ks"k 8708-85 22322-87 18520-68
 Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad esa jkT; osQ [kkrs osQ vuqlkjA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2020&21 osQ vk;&O;;d esa oqQy ` 5]00]558-53 djksM+ dh çkfIr dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS] ftlesa jktLo
ys[ks esa ` 4]22]567-83 djksM+ rFkk iw¡th ys[ks esa ` 77]990-70 djksM+ dh çkfIr dk vuqeku gSA ;g çkfIr o"kZ 2019&2020 dh oqQy
çkfIr osQ iqujhf{kr vuqekuksa ` 4]39]215-53 djksM+ ls ` 61]343-00 djksM+ vf/d gSA jktLo çkfIr i{k esa iqujhf{kr vuqekuksa dh
rqyuk esa ctV o"kZ 2020&2021 esa oqQy ` 52]302-38 djksM+ dh o`f¼ vuqekfur gS] ftlesa jkT; osQ Lo;a osQ dj jktLo dh en esa
` 31]982-06 djksM+] osQUnzh; djksa osQ jkT;ka'k esa ` 17]550-98 djksM+ ,oa osQUnz ljdkj ls lgk;rk vuqnku dh en esa ` 2]966-33
djksM+ dh o`f¼ vuqekfur gSA
Lo;a osQ dj jktLo ` 31]982-06 djksM+ dh o`f¼ vuqekfur gS] ftlesa eq[;r% jkT; oLrq ,oa lsokdj osQ vUrxZr
` 10]300-90 djksM+ jkT; mRikn 'kqYd osQ vUrxZr ` 8]096-64 djksM+] fcozQh O;kikj dj osQ vUrxZr ` 5]930-85 djksM+] LVkEi
rFkk iathdj.k iQhl osQ vUrxZr ` 5]233-55 djksM+ rFkk fo|qr dj ,oa 'kqYd osQ vUrxZr ` 1]130-00 djksM+ dh o`f¼ vuqekfur gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
foxr o"kks± esa iwNs x, iz'u
1- okf.kT; cSadksa esa xSj&fu"iknh; ifjlEifÙk;ksa dk vFkZ gS& 7- Hkkjr esa fu/Zurk osQ Lrj dk vkdyu fd;k tkrk gS&
(a) cSad tek] ftudk fuos'k ugha fd;k tkrkA (a) fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa izfr O;fDr vk; osQ vk/kj ij
(b) iw¡th ifjlEifÙk;k¡] tks iz;ksx esa ugha gSaA (b) ifjokj dh vkSlr vk; osQ vk/kj ijA
(c) Í.k] ftu ij C;kt rFkk eq[; jde dh olwyh ugha
(c) ifjokj osQ miHkksx&O;; osQ vk/kj ijA
gksrhA
(d) ns'k dh efyu cfLr;ksa dh tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ijA
(d) de C;kt okys Í.kA
2- cSad nj og nj gS] ftl ij& 8- Hkkjr fuekZ.k esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&dkSu ls dk;ks± dh
(a) ,d cSad ifCyd dks m/kj nsrk gSA ensa lfEefyr gSa\ viuk mÙkj dwV dh lgk;rk ls nhft,A
(b) vkj-ch-vkbZ- ifCyd dks m/kj nsrk gSA 1- flapkbZ ls Rofjr xfr ls ykHk ysus okys izksxzkeA
(c) vkj-ch-vkbZ- okf.kfT;d cSadksa dks m/kj nsrk gSA 2- unh ifj;kstukvksa dh bUVjfyfUdax
(d) Hkkjr ljdkj vU; ns'kksa dks m/kj nsrh gSA 3- ty ¶ckWMht¸ (Water bodies) dh ejEer]
3- vc] iSosQfta x (los"Vu) dh egÙkk c<+ xbZ gS] D;ksafd iqu#¼kj rFkk th.kksZ¼kj dh ;kstuk
(a) ;g mRiknksa dks lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA 4- flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ls foLFkkfir O;fDr;ksa dk
(b) ;g mRiknksa dks vkd"kZd cukrk gSA iquokZl
(c) ;g mRiknksa dh fo'oluh;rk c<+krk gSA owQV%
(d) ;g mijksDr lHkh iznku djrk gSA (a) 1 vkSj 2
4- Hkqxrku larqyu esa fufgr gksrk gS& (b) 1] 2 vkSj 4
(a) n`'; O;kikj (c) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(b) vn`'; O;kikj (d) lHkh pkjksa
(c) Í.k
(d) mijksDr lHkh 9- fu;kstu iwokZisf{kr le>k x;k&
1- larqfyr lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy;sA
5- fo'o cSad ls Í.k osQ :i esa lgk;rk ls vkbZ-lh-,-
vkj- }kjk jk"Vªh; Ñf"k vfHkuo ifjorZu (Innovation) 2- fodkl osQ ykHk le:i esa foLr`r djus osQ fy;sA
ifj;kstuk pykbZ tk jgh gSA blosQ fdrus ?kVd gSa\ 3- vkapfyd fo"kerkvksa dks nwj djus ij è;ku osQfUær
(a) osQoy ,d ?kVd djus osQ fy;sA
(b) nks ?kVd 4- miyC/ lalk/uksa osQ mi;ksx dks vf/dre cukus osQ
(c) rhu ?kVd fy;sA
(d) pkj ?kVd uhps fn;s x;s dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,%
6- fo'ks"k vkfFkZd tksu vf/fu;e yksdlHkk }kjk ikfjr fd;k owQV%
x;k] o"kZ (a) 1 vkSj 2
(a) 2004 esa
(b) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(b) 2005 esa
(c) 2] 3 vkSj 4
(c) 2006 esa
(d) lHkh pkjksa
(d) mi;qZDr o"kks± esa ls fdlh esa Hkh ughaA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
10- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ,d vlekurk ?kVkus dk mik; 14- iQlyksRiknu esa û=ktu mi;ksx {kerk* dh o`f¼ dh tk
ugha gS\ ldrh gS\
(a) U;wure&vko';drk dk;ZØe (a) moZjd dh ek=kk osQ ckj&ckj iz;ksx }kjkA
(b) vFkZO;oLFkk dk mnkjhdj.k
(b) u=ktu vojks/d osQ iz;ksx }kjkA
(c) djkjksi.k
(c) u=ktu /hjs NksM+us okys moZjdksa osQ iz;ksx }kjkA
(d) Hkwfe lq/kj
(d) mijksDr lHkh osQ }kjkA
11- uhps nks okD;ka'k fn;s x;s gSa%
15- [ksrksa esa iz;qDr gksus okys vkStkjksa vkSj e'khuksa ij 'kks/
dFku (A)% O;kikfj;ksa ,oa fuekZrkvksa dh mifLFkfr ls xzke ,oa fodkl dk;Z ¶lsUVªy bULVhV~;wV vkWiQ bathfu;fjax¸ esa
,oa uxj dh lhek js[kk ikj gksus yxrh gSA
fd;k tk jgk gS] tks fLFkr gS&
dkj.k (R)% O;kikjh ,oa fuekZrk iw.kZr% xzke osQ lalkèkuksa ij (a) iUr uxj esa
fuHkZj jgrs gSaA
(b) Hkksiky esa
mi;qZDr osQ lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ,d lgh gS\ (c) ubZ fnYyh esa
(a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R) lgh Li"Vhdj.k (d) jk¡ph esa
gS (A) dkA
(b) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj (R) lgh Li"Vhdj.k 16- Hkkjr dh yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ xk;&cSyksa dh la[;k rhu
ugha gS (A) dkA jkT;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA ;s gSa&
(c) (A) lgh gS] fdUrq (R) xyr gSA (a) fcgkj] egkjk"Vª ,oa mÙkj izns'k
(d) (A) xyr gS] fdUrq (R) lgh gSA (b) eè; izns'k] if'pe caxky ,oa mÙkj izns'k
12- vDVwcj] 2009 esa ,d fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gS fd Fkksd ewY; (c) iatkc] mM+hlk ,oa jktLFkku
lwpdkad dk vk/kj o"kZ 1993&94 ls gVkdj fn;k tk,% (d) vka/z izns'k] dukZVd ,oa jktLFkku
(a) o"kZ 2001&2002
17- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ckjs esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu
(b) o"kZ 2002&2003
dFku lgh ugha gS\
(c) o"kZ 2003&2004
(a) fo'o tula[;k esas bldk va'k 16» gS] tcfd fo'o
(d) o"kZ 2004&2005
osQ th-Mh-ih- esa bldk va'knku 1-6» gSA
13- phuh m|ksx ls lEcfU/r fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu
(b) lsok {ks=k dk Hkkjr dh th-Mh-ih- esa va'knku osQoy
lgh gS\
25» gSA
1- fo'o esa phuh mRiknu esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk 15
izfr'kr ls vf/d gSA (c) bldh ofd±x tula[;k dk 58» Ñf"k esa dk;Zjr gS]
2- Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx nwljk lcls cM+k Ñf"k vk/kfjr ysfdu Ñf"k dk jk"Vªh; vk; esa va'knku 22» gSA
m|ksx gSA (d) Hkkjr dk HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy fo'o osQ HkkSxksfyd
3- Hkkjr phuh dk lcls cM+k miHkksDrk gSA {ks=kiQy dk osQoy 2-4» gSA
4- Hkkjr phuh dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gSA 18- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh laLFkk Ñf"k rFkk lacaf/r {ks=kksa
uhps fn;s x;s dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,%
dks lokZf/d lk[k iznku djrh gS\
dwV%
(a) lgdkjh cSad
(a) 1 vkSj 2
(b) {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSad
(b) 3 vkSj 4
(c) okf.kfT;d cSad
(c) 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1 vkSj 4 (d) la;qDr :i ls lgdkjh rFkk {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSad
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
19- 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa osQUæ] jkT; rFkk la?k {ks=kksa 25- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, vkSj crkb, buesa ls
}kjk fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl {ks=k ij lcls vf/d O;; dkSu lgh gS@gSa\
izLrkfor gS\ 1- lc&izkbe ladV] ftlls ;w-,l- dh vFkZO;oLFkk
(a) ifjogu izHkkfor gqbZ] vpkud rsy ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ dkj.k
(b) ÅtkZ gqvk FkkA
(c) Ñf"k rFkk xzkeh.k fodkl
2- ladV osQ dkj.k x`g&Í.k vnk;xh ugha gqbZA
3- blosQ dkj.k ls ;w-,l- osQ dqN cSad isQy gks x,A
(d) lkekftd {ks=k
4- lc&izkbe ladV ls Hkkjrh; LVkWd ekosZQV yM+[kM+k
20- fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k (SEZ) vf/fu;e izHkkoh gqvk& (ØS'k) x;kA
(a) 2004 esa uhps fn;s x;s dwV esa ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft,%
(b) 2005 esa dwV%
(c) 2006 esa (a) osQoy 1
(d) 2007 esa (b) 2 vkSj 4
(c) 2] 3 vkSj 4
21- jk"Vªh; uohuhdj.k iQ.M dk xBu fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
mís'; ls fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) lsokeqDr gksus okys deZpkfj;ksa dh isa'ku dk izko/ku 26- Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad osQ vksisu ekosZQV vkWijs'ku ls vk'k;
djus gsrqA gS&
(b) lkekftd lqj{kk gsrqA (a) flD;ksfjVht esa O;kikj djukA
(b) fons'kh eqæk dh uhykeh djukA
(c) xzkeh.k iqufuZekZ.k gsrqA
(c) lksus dk O;kikjA
(d) m|ksxksa dh iqu% lajpuk vkSj vk/qfudhdj.k gsrqA
(d) mDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA
22- Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk lh-vkj-vkj- esa o`f¼ ls&
27- eè;kÉ Hkkstu ;kstuk gsrq fdlosQ }kjk izca/ rFkk foÙkh;
(a) ljdkj osQ Í.k esa deh vkrh gSA
O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS\
(b) vFkZO;oLFkk esa ekSfæd rjyrk esa deh vkrh gSA
(a) jkT; ljdkjksa osQ [kk| ,oa jln foHkkx }kjk
(c) ns'k esa vf/d fons'kh izR;{k iw¡th fuos'k vkrk gSA
(b) miHkksDrk ekeys ,oa dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk
(d) okafNr {ks=kksa esa Í.k izokg c<+rk gSA (c) dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; }kjk
23- ;fn izkFkfed ?kkVs esa C;kt Hkqxrku dks lfEefyr dj fy;k (d) ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk
tk,] rks ;g cjkcj gksrk gS& 28- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ¶jk"Vªh; [kk|kUu lqj{kk fe'kuksa¸ esa
(a) ctV ?kkVs osQ lfEefyr ugha gS\
(b) jktdks"kh; ?kkVs osQ (a) frygu
(c) ?kkVs dh foÙk O;oLFkk ls (b) xsgw¡
(d) vkxe ?kkVs ls (c) pkoy
(d) nygu
24- RBI dk eq[;ky; dgk¡ ij fLFkr gS\
(a) fnYyh 29- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
(b) dksydkrk 1- Hkkjro"kZ esa iQly chek ;kstuk 1985 esa izkjaHk dh
(c) eqacbZ
x;hA
2- mÙkj izns'k esa 'kL;&tyok;q {ks=kksa dh dqy la[;k 5 gSA
(d) psUubZ
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
3- dke osQ cnys vukt dk;ZØe 1977 esa izkjaHk fd;k 34- lk[k i=k (L/C) fn;k tkrk gS%
x;kA (a) ,d fu;kZrdÙkkZ }kjk
4- uhyh&Øka fr dk lEcU/ ljlksa osQ mRiknu ls gSA (b) ,d vk;krdÙkkZ }kjk
bl dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\ (c) lhek'kqYd vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk
(d) tgkth dEiuh }kjk
(a) osQoy 1 rFkk 2 lgh gSaA
(b) osQoy 2 rFkk 3 lgh gSaA 35- vk;kr dh izfØ;k vkjaHk gksrh gS%
(c) osQoy 3 rFkk 4 lgh gSaA (a) baMs.V ls
(d) osQoy 1] 2 rFkk 3 lgh gSaA (b) esV dh jlhn ls

(c) lkeqfæd chek ls
30- dFku (A)% ekuo fodkl lwpdkad dh n`f"V ls osQjy dk (d) tgkth fcy ls
izFke LFkku gSA
36- fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu eky osQ vk;kr gsrq fons'kh fofue;
dkj.k (R)% bldh csjkstxkjh nj ns'k esa mPpre gSA dh LohÑfr nsrk gS\
uhps fn;s x;s dwV dk mi;ksx djrs gq, lgh mÙkj pqfu;s% (a) dksbZ Hkh jk"Vªh;Ñr cSad
(a) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk (R), (A) dh lgh (b) fofue; cSad
O;k[;k gSA (c) Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad
(b) (A) rFkk (R) nksuksa lgh gSa] ijarq (R), (A) dh lgh (d) foÙk ea=kky;
O;k[;k ugha gSA 37- futh {ks=k osQ lk>k dks"kksa dks] Hkkjr esa] vuqefr feyh&
(c) (A) lgh gS] ijarq (R) xyr gSA (a) 1964 esa
(d) (A) xyr gS] ijarq (R) lgh gSA (b) 1993 esa
(c) 1994 esa
31- LokfeRo osQ vk/kj ij fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ,d vU;
(d) 2001 esa
ls fHkUu gS\
(a) thou chek fuxe dh ikWfylh
38- êksMoSV* lacaf/r gS&
(a) mRikn dj ls
(b) cSad dk lkof/ tek
(b) ewY;of/Zr dj (oSV ls)
(c) fdlku fodkl i=k
(c) /u&dj ls
(d) dEiuh dk Í.k i=k
(d) vk;dj ls
32- Hkkjrh; jktekxZ izkf/dj.k osQ foÙk dk izeq[k lzksr gS% 39- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ,d Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h lkWÝVos;j
(a) midj dEiuh gS\
(b) fons'kh lgk;rk (a) baiQksfll
(c) cktkj ls Í.k mxkgh (b) Vhlh,l
(d) la?k ljdkj osQ ctV esa vuqnku (c) foizks

(d) ,plh,y Vsd
33- dkSu&lk laxBu fons'k O;kikj dk lao¼Zu djrk gS\
40- Hkkjr esa phuh dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gS&
(a) bZ-lh-th-lh-
(a) fcgkj
(b) ,e-,e-Vh-lh-
(b) dukZVd
(c) ,l-Vh-lh- (c) egkjk"Vª
(d) mijksDr lHkh
(d) mÙkj izns'k
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
41- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh iQlysa tk;n esa eq[;r% flafpr 47- rsanqydj lfefr us Hkkjr eas xjhch js[kk osQ uhps dh
{ks=kksa esa mxkbZ tkrh gSa\ tula[;k dk izfr'kr fdruk vkdfyr fd;k Fkk\
(a) vjgj ,oa puk (a) 27-2
(b) ew¡x ,oa mM+n (b) 37-2
(c) pkoy ,oa feysV (c) 22-2
(d) eDdk ,oa ew¡xiQyh (d) 32-2
42- jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn~ }kjk LohÑfr ckjgoha iapo"khZ; 48- n`f"V fodykax gsrq jk"Vªh; laLFkku fuEufyf[kr eas ls dgk¡
;kstuk (2012&2017) gsrq izLrkfor ifjdYiuk&i=k eas
vofLFkr gS\
fodkl dk fufnZ"V y{; D;k gS\
(a) dksydkrk eas
(a) 7%
(b) nsgjknwu eas
(b) 8%
(c) eqEcbZ eas
(c) 9%
(d) gSnjkckn eas
(d) 10%
43- Hkkjr eas fons'kh fofue; lap; dk j[k&j[kko fdlosQ }kjk 49- fuEufyf[kr eas ls fdl ns'k us ljdkjh rkSj ij ifjokj
fd;k tkrk gS\ fu;kstu dk;ZØe dks loZizFke viuk;k\
(a) Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk (a) czkthy us
(b) Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad }kjk (b) ;w-,l-,- us
(c) foÙk ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk (c) Hkkjr us
(d) Hkkjrh; vk;kr&fu;kZr cSad }kjk (d) phu us
44- fuEu eas ls fdl {ks=k Lks Hkkjr eas ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn 50- Hkkjr eas 'kq: dh xbZ ^LokfHkeku ;kstuk* fdlls lacaf/r
(GDP) dk lcls cM+k Hkkx izkIr gksrk gS\ gS\
(a) Ñf"k rFkk lacaf/r {ks=kkas ls (a) xzkeh.k efgyk vf/dkjkas ls
(b) fofuekZ.k] fuekZ.k] fctyh rFkk xSl ls (b) xzkeh.k o`¼tukas dh ns[kHkky ls
(c) lsok {ks=k ls (c) xzkeh.k cSafoaQx ls
(d) j{kk rFkk yksd iz'kklu ls
(d) xzkeh.k [kk| lqj{kk ls
45- fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSu&lk Hkkjr eas eqnzkLiQhfr osQ izkDdyu
51- fuEu eas ls fdl o"kZ eas vlaxfBr Jfed lkekftd lqj{kk
dh lcls izpfyr eki gS\
vf/fu;e ikfjr gqvk\
(a) ewY; lwpdkad
(a) 2004 eas
(b) Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad
(b) 2006 eas
(c) miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad
(c) 2008 eas
(d) vkS|ksfxd oLRkqvkas dk ewY; lwpdkad
(d) 2010 eas
46- fuEufyf[kr eas ls fdl ,d dks NksM+dj ckdh lHkh ns'k
dh izkÑfrd iw¡th eas lfEefyr fd, tkrs gSa\ 52- 13oas foÙk vk;ksx osQ vè;{k dkSu Fks\
(a) ou (a) bafnjk jktkjkeu
(b) ty (b) lh- jaxjktu
(c) lM+osaQ (c) fot; osQydj
(d) [kfut (d) mi;ZqDr eas ls dksbZ ugha
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
53- Hkkjr eas /kj.kh; fodkl osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls fo|qr mRiknu 59- fdlh ns'k dh vkfFkZd o`f¼ dh lokZf/d mi;qDr eki
dk lcls vPNk Ïksr dkSu&lk gS\ gS&
(a) dks;yk (a) ldy ?kjsyw mRIkkn
(b) [kfut rsy ,oa xSl (b) 'kq¼ ?kjsyw mRikn
(c) ty fo|qqr (c) 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; mRikn
(d) ijek.kq ÅtkZ (d) izfr O;fDr mRikn
54- fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSu&lh [kjhiQ iQly ugha gS\ 60- us'kuy LVkWd ,Dlpast vkWiQ bafM;k oQk izorZd gS&
(a) dikl (a) Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad
(b) ew¡xiQyh (b) ,y- vkbZ- lh- vkSj th- vkbZ- lh-
(c) eDdk (c) vkbZ- Mh- ch- vkbZ-
(d) ljlkas (d) mi;ZqDr lHkh
55- fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSu&lk dj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ugha 61- ^Lok/kj* ;kstuk gS&
yxk;k tkrk gS\ (a) vf}rh; igpku osQ fy,
(a) lsok dj (b) iq#"kkas gsrq Lojkstxkj
(b) f'k{kk dj (c) dfBu ifjfLFkfr;kas eas efgykvkas osQ fy,
(c) lhek dj (d) ofj"B ukxfjdkas gsrq lk>k x`g osQ fy,
(d) ekxZ dj (Vksy VSDl) 62- îz/kuea=kh xzkeksn; ;kstuk* dk è;s; gS&
56- mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh ubZ vkfFkZd (a) xzkeh.k vko';drkvkas dh iwfrZ] tSls fd izkFkfed
uhfr dh xbZ] iz/kuea=kh& f'k{kk] LokLF; j{k.k] is;ty] vkokl] xzkeh.k lM+osaQA
(a) jktho xka/h }kjk (b) lw{e m|ekas }kjk fu/Zurk eqfDrA
(b) fo'oukFk izrki flag }kjk (c) xzkeh.k {ks=kkas eas jkstxkj l`tuA
(c) ujflEgk jko }kjk (d) iapk;r jktO;oLFkk dk xzkeh.k {ks=kkas eas lqn`<+hdj.kA
(d) vVy fcgkjh oktis;h }kjk 63- Hkkjr ls fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSu ,d mRikn lkekU;r%
57- xka/hoknh vFkZO;oLFkk fdl ij vk/kfjr gS\ fu;kZr ugha fd;k tkrk gS\
(a) izfrLi/kZ ij (a) xsgw¡
(b) U;kl ij (b) pkoy
(c) jkT; fu;a=k.k ij (c) phuh

(d) bueas ls dksbZ ugha (d) nkyas
58- fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSu Rofjr voLFkkiuk fodkl dks"k osQ 64- isQek (fons'kh eqnzk izca/u vf/fu;e) dks vafre :i ls
varxZr lfEefyr ugha gS\ ykxw fd;k x;k] og o"kZ gS&
(a) xzkeh.k tykiwfrZ (a) 1991
(b) xzkeh.k lM+oasQ (b) 1997
(c) xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k (c) 2002

(d) xzkeh.k m|ksx (d) 2007
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
65- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;kas osQ 69- ckjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk osQ nkSjku Ñf"k] okfudh ,oa
uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& eRL;ikyu dh o`f¼ nj vuqekfur gS&
lwph&I lwph&II (a) 3.5%
(m|ksx) (LFkku) (b) 4.0%
A. dkxt 1- vEckyk eqoqQy
(c) 5.0%
B. lheasV 2- fHkykbZ
(d) 5.5%
C. yksgk vkSj bLikr 3- VhVkx<+
D. [kfut rsy 'kks/u'kkyk 4- y[ksjh 70- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;kas osQ
owQV % uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,&
(a) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 lwph&I lwph&II
(b) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 A. [kk| mRiknu o`f¼ 1- gfjr Økafr
(c) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3 B. nqX/ mRiknu 2- uhyh Økafr
(d) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 C. eRL; ikyu 3- 'osr Økafr
66- ^bdks ekdZ* ;kstuk 1991 eas miHkksDrkvkas dks ,sls mRIkknkas D. moZjd 4- Hkwjh Økafr
dks [kjhnus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djus gsrq vkjaHk dh x;h owQV %
ftudk i;kZoj.kh; izHkko de gkfudj gksA fuEufyf[kr (a) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
miHkksDrk mRiknkas eas ls dkSu&lk bl ;kstuk osQ varxZr
(b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
vf/lwfpr ugha gS\
(c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(a) lkcqu ,oa viektZd
(d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
(b) dkxt ,oa IykfLVd
(c) lkSan;Z izlk/u ,oa ,sjkslkWy 71- Vªkblse ,d dk;ZØe gS&
(d) vkS"kf/;k¡ ,oa izfrtSfodh (a) xzkeh.k fodkl dk
67- uhps nks okD;ak'k fn, x, gSa& (b) vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk

(c) 'kgjh fodkl dk
dFku (A) % dkyh feV~Vh dikl dh [ksrh osQ fy,
mi;qDr gSA (d) lqj{kkRed fodkl dk
dkj.k (R) % mleas tSo rRo izpqj ek=kk eas gksrk gSA 72- ljdkj osQ vuqekukas osQ vuqlkj 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk eas
vk/kjHkwr lajpuk osQ fy, vko';d fuos'k dk vkdkj
mi;qZDr osQ lanHkZ eas fuEu eas ls dkSu ,d lgh gS\
gksxk&
(a) nksukas (A) vkSj (R) lgh gSa vkSj (R), (A) dh lgh
O;k[;k gSA (a) 100 fcfy;u
(b) nksukas (A) vkSj (R) lgh gSa] ijUrq (R), (A) dh lgh (b) 250 fcfy;u
O;k[;k ugha gSA (c) 500 fcfy;u
(c) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) xyr gSA (d) 1000 fcfy;u
(d) (A) xyr gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gSA
73- ^fotu 2020 iQkWj bafM;k* nLRkkost lacaf/r gS&
68- ^gjk lwpdkad* fodflr fd;k x;k gS& (a) Ñf"k fodkl ls
(a) la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe }kjk (b) vkS|ksfxd fodkl ls
(b) varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k }kjk
(c) vkfFkZd fodkl ls
(c) fo'o cSad }kjk
(d) xjhch mUewyu ls
(d) mi;ZqDr eas ls dksbZ ugha
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
74- ^fu/Zurk dk nq'pØ* dh vo/kj.kk lacaf/r gS& 79- dk.Myk fuEu esa ls fdlosQ fy, izfl¼ gS\
(a) dkyZ ekDlZ ls (a) ty iksr&Hkatu m|ksx osQ fy,
(b) udZls ls (b) ghjk dkVus vkSj ikWfy'k djus osQ fy,
(c) ,Me fLeFk ls (c) fu;kZr izlaLdj.k {ks=k osQ fy,
(d) mi;ZqDr eas ls dksbZ ugha (d) ijEijkxr dyk ,oa f'kYi djus osQ fy,
75- fuEu eas ls dkSu Hkkjr eas jk"Vªh; ,oa jkT; Lrj ij fu/Zurk 80- fuEu esa ls fdlosQ fy, ^m|eh* gsYiykbu LFkkfir dh
osQ vuqekukas osQ fy, osQUnzd vfHkdj.k (uksMy ,taslh) xbZ gS\
gS\ (a) lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e miØeksa osQ fy,
(a) foÙk vk;ksx (b) cM+h iw¡th okys m|ksxksa osQ fy,
(b) xzkeh.k ea=kky; (c) efgyk m|fe;ksa osQ fy,
(c) x`g ea=kky; (d) Ñf"k esa izkS|ksfxdh dk iz;ksx djus okys Ñ"kdksa osQ
fy,
(d) ;kstuk vk;ksx
81- 19 uoEcj fuEu esa ls fdl fnol osQ :i esa euk;k tkrk
76- xzkeh.k voLFkkiuk fodkl dks"k dk l`tu fdlosQ v/hu
gS\
fd;k x;k gS\
(a) fo'o gfjr fnol
(a) Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad
(b) fo'o fu/Zurk fnol
(b) ukckMZ
(c) fo'o 'kkSpky; fnol
(c) Ñf"k ea=kky;
(d) fo'o LoPN ty fnol
(d) xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;
82- fuEufyf[kr oDrO;ksa ij fopkj dhft, vkSj uhps fn, dwV
77- lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;kas osQ ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,&
uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,&
dFku (A) % vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy, ,d cgqvk;keh
lwph&I lwph&II
mikxe dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
A. loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 1- 1987
B. lk{kj Hkkjr 2- 1988 dkj.k (R) % orZeku Hkkjr ljdkj eq[;r% lw{e vkfFkZd
C. vkWijs'ku CySdcksMZ 3- 2001
fo"k;ksa ij è;ku osaQfnzr dj jgh gSA
dwV&
D. jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk fe'ku 4- 2009
(a) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj R, A dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k
owQV %
gSA
(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa] fdUrq R, A dk lgh
(b) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(c) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(c) A lgh gS] fdUrq R xyr gSA
(d) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A xyr gS] fdUrq R lgh gSA
78- ûkyUnk ifj;kstuk* fdl ea=kky; dh ifj;kstuk gS\ 83- fuEu esa ls dkSu Hkkjr esa lcls cM+h e'khuhÑr [kku gS\
(a) laLÑfr (a) jRukfxfj [kku
(b) ekuo lalk/u fodkl (b) t;iqj [kku
(c) vYi la[;d ekeys (c) lqUnjx<+ [kku
(d) fons'k (d) csykMhyk [kku
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
84- 1944 esa xka/hoknh ;kstuk dks izfrikfnr fd;k Fkk& 88- 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa fyax vuqikr D;k
(a) ,u-vkj- ljdkj us gS\
(b) dLrwjhHkkbZ ykyHkkbZ us (a) izfr ,d gtkj iqjQ"kksa ij fL=k;ksa dh la[;k 940
(c) t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us (b) izfr ,d gtkj iqjQ"kksa ij fL=k;ksa dh la[;k 950
(d) Jheu ukjk;.k vxzoky us (c) izfr ,d gtkj iqjQ"kksa ij fL=k;ksa dh la[;k 960
85- fuEufyf[kr oDrO;ksa ij fopkj dhft, vkSj uhps fn, dwV (d) mi;qZDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,& 89- 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj mÙkj izns'k dh tula[;k
dFku (A) % mÙkj izns'k dh orZeku ljdkj] m|ksx] Hkkjr dh tula[;k fdruh izfr'kr gS\
vkèkkfjd lajpuk] mQtkZ mRiknu vkfn osQ fodkl ij è;ku (a) 14-2»
yxk jgh gSA (b) 15-5»
dkj.k (R) % Hkkjh fuos'k vkfFkZd fodkl dks lqyHk djrk (c) 16-16»
gSA (d) 18-2»
dwV&
90- fuEu dks lqesfyr djsa&
(a) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj R, A dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k
gSA lwph-I lwph-II
A. MCY;w-Vh-vks- 1- Hkqxrku larqyu esa vlarqyu
(b) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa] fdUrq R, A dk lgh
dks Bhd djus osQ fy, foÙk
Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA iznku djukA
(c) A lgh gS] fdUrq R xyr gSA B. vkbZ-,e-,iQ- 2- lkekU;r% O;kikj esa ek=kkRed
(d) A xyr gS] fdUrq R lgh gSA izfrca/ksa osQ mi;ksx dks fuf"k¼
djukA
86- uxjhdj.k osQ dkj.kksa osQ laca/ esa fuEu dFkuksa ij fopkj C. lkdZ 3- uE; ½.kksa dh LohÑfr
dhft, vkSj uhps fn, x, owQV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,& D. vkbZ-Mh-,- 4- nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa osQ chp
1- xzkeh.k ls uxjh; {ks=kksa esa izokl dh mQ¡ph nj lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsukA
2- 'kgjksa esa 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dh c<+rh la[;k dwV%
3- vkS|ksxhdj.k dh mQ¡ph nj
A B C D
4- xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa mQ¡pk thou Lrj (a) 1 2 3 4
dwV& (b) 2 3 4 1
(a) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 2 4 1
(b) 2] 3 vkSj 4
(c) 1] 2 vkSj 4 91- fuEu esa ls fdl vkfFkZd loZs{k.k esa igyh ckj ^/kj.kh;
(d) 1] 3 vkSj 4 fodkl vkSj tyok;q&ifjorZu* dk uohu vè;k; tksM+k
87- fuEu esa ls fdl jkT; esa fVu v;Ld dk izeq[k HkaMkj gS\ x;k Fkk\
(a) vle (a) 2004&05
(b) tEew&d'ehj (b) 2011&12
(c) NÙkhlx<+ (c) 2012&13

(d) if'pe caxky (d) 2013&14
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
92- fuEu dk;ZØeksa esa ls dkSu&lk 2 vDVwcj] 2019 rd iwjk 97- v.kq'kfDr fo|qr fuxe fyfeVsM ,d la;qDr miØe gS
dj ysus dk mís'; j[krk gS\ Hkkjrh; ijek.kq mQtkZ fuxe vkSj&
(a) tu /u ;kstuk (a) ,u-,e-Mh-lh- dk
(b) csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvksa ;kstuk (b) ,u-,p-ih-lh- dk
(c) tuJh chek ;kstuk (c) ch-,p-bZ-,y- dk
(d) LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku (d) ,u-Vh-ih-lh- dk
93- fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa esa ls dkSu&lk lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\ 98- fuEu esa ls dkSu iQlyksa osQ U;wure leFkZu ewY; fu/kZj.k
(a) dkxt & vksUVsfj;ks lEcU/h laLrqfr djrk gS\
(b) lwrh oL=k & MsVªks;V (a) Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/ku ifj"kn
(b) ukckMZ
(c) jklk;fud & VsDlkl
(c) Ñf"k ykxr ,oa dher vk;ksx
(d) eksVj dkj & ukxks;k
(d) Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/ku laLFkku
94- Hkkjr dh tux.kuk 2011 osQ vuqlkj 2001&11 dh vof/
esa ns'k esa tula[;k o`f¼ dk izfr'kr Fkk& 99- tux.kuk 2011 osQ vuqlkj mÙkj izns'k dh lk{kjrk nj gS&
(a) 31-34 (a) 74-01»
(b) 17-70 (b) 72-60»
(c) 13-31 (c) 69-72»
(d) 23-85 (d) 70-60»
95- fuEufyf[kr oDrO;ksa ij fopkj dhft, vkSj uhps fn, dwV 100- gky gh esa tkjh 2011 dh tux.kuk ls lacaf/r vfrfjDr
ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,& vkadM+ksa osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr osQ fdl leqnk; esa lcls de
dFku (A) % jkT; foÙk vk;skx ,d laoSèkkfud fudk; gSA fyaxkuqikr gS\
(a) ckS¼
dkj.k (R) % la?kh; foÙk vk;ksx iapk;rksa dks foÙkh;
(b) fl[k
lgk;rk nsus osQ fy, laLrqfr ugha dj ldrkA
dwV & (c) tSu
(a) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj R, A dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k (d) eqfLye
gSA 101- vHkh gky esa fdl ns'k us ,d cPps osQ ekud dh uhfr
(b) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa] fdUrq R, A dk lgh dks vLohÑr dj ekrk&firk dks nwljs cPps gsrq vuqefr
Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA nh gS\
(c) A lgh gS] fdUrq R xyr gSA (a) LohMu
(d) A xyr gS] fdUrq R lgh gSA (b) D;wck
(c) phu
96- fuEu esa ls dkSu vc Hkkjr esa rsy dh dherksa dk fu/kZj.k
(d) fiQuyS.M
djrk gS\
(a) foÙk ea=kky; 102- Hkkjr osQ lHkh jkT;ksa dks fo'o osQ vyx&vyx ns'k eku
(b) lacaf/r jkT; ljdkj
dj ekuo fodkl lwpdkad dh jSafdax osQ ekeys esa bu
jkT;ksa dks lacaf/r ns'k dh jSafdax ls feyku djsa vkSj uhps
(c) isVªksfy;e ea=kky;
fn;s dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqusa%
(d) rsy dEifu;k¡
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
lwph&I lwph&II dwV%

(jkT;) (jSafdax ns'k) A B C D
A. osQjy 1- nf{k.k vizQhdk (a) 3 2 1 4
B. xqtjkr 2- ikfdLrku (b) 2 1 4 3
C. mÙkj izns'k 3- gks.Mwjkl (c) 4 3 2 1
D. egkjk"Vª 4- ekynho (d) 1 2 3 4
dwV% 106- Hkkjr esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk jkT; ns'k dk 70

A B C D izfr'kr ls vf/d dkWiQh vosQys iSnk djrk gS\
(a) 3 1 2 4 (a) rfeyukMq
(b) 4 3 2 1 (b) osQjy
(c) 2 3 1 4
(c) egkjk"Vª
(d) 1 2 3 4
(d) dukZVd
103- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl cSad }kjk ^flEiyh fDyd* ØsfMV
dkMZ ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gS\ 107- rkrhikdk rsy 'kks/u'kkyk vofLFkr gS%&
(a) vkbZ-Mh-ch-vkbZ-
(a) vle jkT; esa
(b) vkbZ-lh-vkbZ-lh-vkbZ-
(b) mÙkj izns'k jkT; esa
(c) ch-vks-ch
(d) ,l-ch-vkbZ- (c) dukZVd jkT; esa
104- lwph&I vkSj lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk uhps fn;s (d) vka/z izns'k jkT; esa
x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
108- bUVhxzsVsM yks dkLV lsuhVs'ku (vkbZ ,y lh ,l) ;kstuk
lwph&I lwph&II
(vkS|ksfxd {ks=k) (ns'k) osQ laca/ esa] fuEu dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
A. fdudh 1- phu 1- ;g O;oLFkk lk>snkjh osQ vk/kj ij foÙk iksf"kr gSA
B. oSQ.Vu 2- tkiku 2- osQUnzh; jkt ;ksxnku 75» gSA
C. yksjsu 3- czkthy
3- jkT; jkt ;ksxnku 25» gSA
D. csyksgkSjhtkUVys 4- izQka¡l
dwV% bu dFkuksa esa ls lgh dFku gSa%&
(a) 1 vkSj 2
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3 (b) 2 vkSj 3
(b) 2 1 3 4 (c) 1 vkSj 3
(c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(d) 4 3 2 1
109- 2011 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa fuEufyf[kr jkT;ksa
105- lwph&I vkSj lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk uhps fn;s
x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s% esa ls lcls vf/d tula[;k ?kuRo okyk jkT; dkSu lk
lwph&I lwph&II gSa\
(osQUnz) ([kfut) (a) if'pe caxky
A. edqe 1- ykSg v;Ld
(b) osQjy
B. MYyhjktgjk 2- dks;yk
C. dksjkiqV 3- eSxuh”k (c) mÙkj izns'k
D. fp=knqxZ 4- ckWDlkbV (d) fcgkj
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
110- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lh ;kstuk 'kgjh v/kslajpuk osQ 116- tux.kuk vkdyu fjiksVZ iznf'kZr djrh gS fd Hkkjr fo'o
fodkl osQ fy;s ?kksf"kr dh xbZ ubZ ;kstuk ugha gS\ dk lcls ;qok ns'k gSA o"kZ 2020 esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh vkSlr
(a) LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku mez gksxh%
(b) gsfjVst flVh MsoyiesaV ,.M vkWxesUVs'ku ;kstuk (a) 27 o"kZ
(c) LekVZ flVh ;kstuk
(b) 28 o"kZ
(d) fMftVy Hkkjr ;kstuk
(c) 29 o"kZ
111- 14osa foÙk vk;ksx dk vè;{k fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu Fkk\ (d) 30 o"kZ
(a) 'kkark dqekj
117- tula[;k osQ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl vax dks lekos'kh
(b) lh-jaxjktu
fodkl osQ dk;ZØe esa lfEefyr ugha fd;k tkrk gS\
(c) okbZ-oh- jsM~Mh
(d) mi;qZDr esa ls dksbZ ugha (a) lhekUr Ñ"kd
(b) Hkwfeghu Ñf"k Jfed
112- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl o"kZ esa ^jk"Vªh; Hkwfe vfHkys[k
(c) vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr
vkèkqfudhdj.k dk;ZØe* izkjEHk fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) 2008 bZ- (d) v¼Z'kgjh {ks=kksa esa jgus okys O;fDr
(b) 2009 bZ- 118- ?kkVs dh foÙkh; O;oLFkk dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij D;k izHkko
(c) 2010 bZ- iM+rk gS\
(d) 2011 bZ- (a) djksa esa deh
113- Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2009&10 esa izkjEHk dh xbZ ^bUDywflo (b) etnwjh esa c<+ksÙkjh
,tqosQ'ku iQkWj n fMl,CkYM ,sV lsosQ.Mjh LVst* ;kstuk (c) eqnzk vkiwfrZ esa c<+ksÙkjh
fdlosQ varxZr iznku dh tkrh gSA
(d) eqnzk vkiwfrZ esa deh
(a) lk{kj Hkkjr
(b) loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 119- fuEufyf[kr iapk;rksa esa ls fdls@fdUgsa mÙkj izns'k esa ftyk
(c) jk"Vªh; ekè;fed f'k{kk vfHk;ku ;kstuk esa lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
(d) dkS'ky Hkkjr ;kstuk 1- uxj iapk;r
114- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk ,d foÙkh; lekos'ku dk mís'; 2- xzke iapk;r
ugha gS\ 3- {ks=k iapk;r
(a) xjhc vkcknh osQ fy;s foÙkh; lsokvksa dk foLrkj uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%&
djukA (a) osQoy 1
(b) de”kksj oxZ dh laHkkfor lao`f¼ osQ }kj [kksyukA (b) 1 vkSj 3
(c) cSafdax v/ks%lajpuk dks fldksM+ukA
(c) 2 vkSj 3
(d) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa foÙkh; lsokvksa dk izlkjA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
115- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
120- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk vk;q lewg ^loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku*
n'kd tula[;k dh n'kdh; o`f¼
esa HkrhZ gksus osQ fy;s ik=k gS\
nj (izfr'kr esa)
(a) 1971&81 & 24-66 (a) 4&12 o"kZ
(b) 1981&91 & 23-87 (b) 6&14 o"kZ

(c) 1991&2001 & 21-54 (c) 5&15 o"kZ
(d) 2001&2011 & 19-05 (d) 5&16 o"kZ
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
121- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl o"kZ esa ^LokoyEcu ;kstuk* izkjEHk 126- 'e- fct* lEcaf/r gS%&
dh xbZ Fkh\ (a) bysDVªkWfud okf.kT; lsA
(a) 2010 bZ-
(b) foÙkh; ysu&nsu gsrq ,dy }kjk (IysViQkWeZ) lsA
(b) 2011 bZ-
(c) foi.ku laca/h iwNrkN gsrq ,dy }kjk (IysViQkWeZ)
(c) 2012 bZ-
lsA
(d) 2014 bZ-
(d) ljdkjh lsokvksa dh igqap gsrq ,dy }kjk (IysViQkWeZ)
122- 2005&06 esa izkjEHk dh xbZ ^Hkkjr fuekZ.k* ;kstuk dk vax
lsA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ugha gS\
(a) xzkeh.k vkokl 127- Hkkjrh; vk;dj vf/fu;e dh /kjk&88 esa miyC/
(b) xzkeh.k LoPNrk vk;dj NwV dks lekIr djus dh fliQkfj'k fuEufyf[kr
(c) is;ty lfefr us dh gS%&
(d) xzkeh.k lM+d (a) psyS;k lfefr
123- ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h phuh fey mÙkj izns'k osQ fdl (b) osQydj lfefr
LFkku ij vofLFkr gS\ (c) 'kkse lfefr
(a) [krkSyh
(d) jaxjktu lfefr
(b) cyjkeiqj
(c) cqyUn'kgj 128- îz/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk* dh le;kof/ gSA
(d) uthckckn (a) 2014&2021
(b) 2014&2024
124- fuEufyf[kr ?kVukvksa ij è;ku nsa rFkk bUgsa dkykuqØe esa
O;ofLFkr djsa%& (c) 2015&2022
1- xjhch gVkvks (d) 2015&2025
2- cSadksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k
129- jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku (,u-,iQ-,l-,e-) dk mís';
3- gfjr Økafr dk izkjaHk
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ugha gS\
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
(a) mPp mRiknd fdLe osQ chtksa dk forj.kA
dwV%
(b) lq/kjhÑr mRiknu rduhd dk fun'kZuA
(a) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(b) 3] 2 vkSj 1 (c) lk[k lqfo/kvksa dks lqn`<+ djukA
(c) 2] 1 vkSj 3 (d) iQlyksa dh ubZ fodflr fdLeksa dk izpkj&izlkj
(d) 3] 1 vkSj 2 djukA
125- m-iz- eas lkWÝVos;j rFkk fctusl izkslsl vkmVlksfl±x m|ksx 130- jkT; foÙk vk;ksx gS] ,d%
dk lcls cM+k osQUnz vofLFkr gS%&
(a) fof/d laLFkk
(a) esjB esa
(b) vlkafof/d laLFkk
(b) dkuiqj esa
(c) laoS/kfud laLFkk
(c) uks,Mk esa
(d) mi;qZDr esa ls dkssbZ ugha
(d) okjk.klh esa
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
131- ^^cqyd oSQfiVfyLV** (cSy&iw¡thifr) fdls dgk tkrk dwV&

gS\ A B C D
(a) xjhc fdlkuksa dksA (a) 3 1 4 2
(b) /uk<~; fdlkuksa dksA (b) 2 4 1 3
(c) mu fdlkuksa dks ftuosQ ikl dqN lk/u rks gS] ij (c) 4 3 2 1
/uk<~; ugha gSaA (d) 1 2 3 4
(d) mu fdlkuksa dks tks cM+s tehankj gSaA 135- 2011&tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj fuEu esa ls fdl jkT; esa
132- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\ tula[;k esa deh vk;h gS\
(a) ukxkyS.M
(a) uhfr vuqeksnu & ctV dh ek¡x dks ?kVkdj
izLrko ,d #i;k dj fn;k tk,A (b) ef.kiqj
(b) ferO;f;rk & ctV dh ek¡x esa ls ,d (c) f=kiqjk
izLrko fufnZ"V jkf'k ?kVk nh tk,A (d) flfDde
(c) lkaosQfrd & ctV dh ek¡x esa ls ,d
izLrko lkS jQi, de dj fn, 136- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr l{ke ifj;kstuk lacaf/r gS%&
tk,¡A (a) vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr tula[;k osQ
(d) ys[kkuqnku & ctV ek¡xksa dks iw.kZ :i dkS'ky fodkl ls
ls foÙkh; o"kZ osQ fy, (b) izHkkoh vkink izca/u gsrq lSU; bdkbZ ls
ikfjr djukA (c) uohu vizR;{k dj usVodZ ls
fuEufyf[kr yksgk ,oa bLikr dkj[kkuksa esa ls dkSu dPps (d) fnO;kax ;qokvksa esa vkRefo'okl l`tu djus ls
eky {ks=k osQ lehi ugha gS\
137- ^LVkVZ&vIl* dh fo'ks"k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k tkrk
(a) te'ksniqj
gS%&
(b) jkmQjosQyk
(a) nwr fuos'kdksa osQ ekè;e ls
(c) nqxkZiqj
(b) tksf[ke ;qDr iw¡th ls
(d) lsye
(c) HkhM+ foÙk iks"k.k osQ ekè;e ls
133- czkthy esa fo'kky dgok ckxkuksa dks dgk tkrk gS%& (d) mijksDr lHkh ls
(a) bLVsV
138- fuEu esa ls fdlosQ }kjk tuojh] 2017 esa lst bf.M;k
(b) bLVsafl;kt
eksckby ,si 'kq: fd;k x;k gS\
(c) dy[kkstsl
(a) Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky;
(d) iQts.Mk
(b) foÙk ea=kky;
134- lwph&A dks lwph&AA eas lqesfyr dhft, ,oa uhps fn, x, (c) okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=kky;
dwV dk mi;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % (d) fuxeh; dk;Z ea=kky;
lwph&A lwph&AA
(,Y;qehfu;e dEiuh) (fLFkfr) 139- fczDl ns'kksa }kjk dkSu lk cSad phu esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k
gS\
A. ckYdks 1- ghjkdqM
(a) U;w bUMfLVª;y Msoyies.V
B. fgUMkYdks 2- dksjck
(b) U;w ,xzhdYpjy Msoyies.V cSad
C. bf.M;u ,Y;qehfu;e 3- dksjkiqV
(c) U;w Msoyies.V cSad
dEiuh
D. ukYdks 4- jsuqdwV (d) U;w dkWef'kZ;y cSad
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
140- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vkjEHk dh xbZ fuEufyf[kr ;kstukvksa dwV&

dks le;kuqØe O;ofLFkr dhft, vkSj uhps fn, dwV ls A B C D
lgh mÙkj pqfu, %& (a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 3 4 1 2
I. lqdU;k le`f¼ ;kstuk
(c) 1 2 3 4
II. vVy isa'ku ;kstuk (d) 3 4 2 1
III. esd bu bf.M;k
144- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl o"kZ esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k us îje
IV. iz/kuea=kh tu&/u ;kstuk xjhch* dh ifjHkk"kk vaxhÑr dh Fkh\
dwV % (a) 1994
(b) 1995
(a) IV, III, II rFkk I
(c) 1996
(b) I, II, III rFkk IV
(d) 1997
(c) III, II, I rFkk IV
145- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ,d oYMZ bdksukWfed iQksje }kjk
(d) IV, I, II rFkk III ^Xykscy tsUMj xSi baMsDl* (oSf'od fyax lwpdkad) osQ
141- lkekftd lqj{kk vf/fu;e] 2008 osQ vUrxZr izkjEHk dh vkdyu gsrq izkpy osQ :i esa iz;qDr ugha gksrk gS\
(a) LokLF;
xbZ] jk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ;kstuk vkPNkfnr djrh gS %&
(b) f'k{kk
(a) osQoy laxfBr {ks=k osQ Jfedksa dks
(c) vkfFkZd fLFkfr
(b) osQoy xzkeh.k Jfedksa dks (d) vkjke
(c) osQoy vlaxfBr {ks=k osQ Jfedksa dks 146- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izkjEHk dh xbZ ^Lons'k n'kZu ;kstuk* esa
(d) lHkh Js.kh osQ Jfedksa dks fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl i;ZVu pØ dk fodkl lfEefyr
ugha gS\
142- X;kjgoha ;kstuk osQ nkSjku f'k'kq e`R;q nj (vkbZ,evkj) dks (a) fojklr pØ
de djus dk y{; Fkk % (b) lwiQh pØ
(a) 27 izfr 1000 ykbo cFkZ (c) jkek;.k pØ
(b) 28 izfr 1000 ykbo cFkZ (d) rVh; pØ
(c) 29 izfr 1000 ykbo cFkZ 147- 1 vizSy] 2017 ls izHkkoh mÙkj izns'k esa vdq'ky Jfed
dh U;wure etnwjh fuf'pr dh xbZ gS %
(d) 30 izfr 1000 ykbo cFkZ
(a) ` 7000 izfr ekg
143- lwph&A dks lwph&AA eas lqesfyr dhft, ,oa uhps fn, x, (b) ` 7400 izfr ekg
dwV dk mi;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu, % (c) ` 7800 izfr ekg
lwph&A lwph&AA (d) ` 8200 izfr ekg
(m|ksx) (osQUnz) 148- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ,d jkT; vkfFkZd n`f"V ls lcls
mQij fdUrq fyaxkuqikr osQ vk/kj ij lcls uhps gS\
A. [ksy dk leku 1- eqjknkckn
(a) eè; izns'k
B. fn;klykbZ 2- lgkjuiqj (b) egkjk"Vª
C. ihry dk lkeku 3- esjB (c) if'pe caxky
D. ydM+h ij uDdk'kh 4- cjsyh (d) gfj;k.kk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
149- us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk losZ 3 osQ vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa LokLF; 153- fuEufyf[kr ;kstukvksa ij fopkj dhft, rFkk mUgsa vkjEHk
ns[kHkky dk eq[; lzksr fpfdRlk dk futh {ks=k gS %& gksus osQ dkyØekuqlkj O;ofLFkr dhft, %&
(a) 'kgjh {ks=k osQ 50» dqVqEcksa dk
1- iz/kuea=kh tu&/u ;kstuk
(b) 'kgjh {ks=k osQ 60» dqVqEcksa dk
2- fMftVy tsUMj ,Vyl iQkWj ,MokfUlax xYlZ
(c) 'kgjh {ks=k osQ 70» dqVqEcksa dk
(d) 'kgjh {ks=k osQ 80» dqVqEcksa dk 3- iz/kuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk
150- ^mQtkZ xaxk* ifj;kstuk osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu ls 4- eqnzk cSad ;kstuk
dFku lgh gSa\ uhps fn, x, dwVksa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu, %
1- ;g xSl ikbi ykbu ifj;kstuk gSA (a) 1] 2] 4 rFkk 3
2- bls vDVwcj] 2016 esa vkjEHk fd;k x;kA
(b) 3] 2] 1 rFkk 4
3- ;g bZjku ls Hkkjr rd iQSyh gSA
(c) 2] 1] 3 rFkk 4
lgh mÙkj uhps fy[ks dwV ls pqfu, %
dwV % (d) 3] 1] 2 rFkk 4
(a) osQoy 2 rFkk 3 lgh gSaA 154- ;wusLdks osQ rÙoko/ku esa lkekftd fodkl ij izFke fo'o
(b) osQoy 1 rFkk 2 lgh gSaA
f'k[kj lEesyu dgk¡ ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk\
(c) osQoy 1 rFkk 3 lgh gSaA
(a) yUnu
(d) lHkh 1] 2 rFkk 3 lgh gSaA
(b) U;w;kWdZ
151- fuEu esa ls dkSu lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
(c) isfjl
;kstuk mís';
(a) mn; (;w-Mh-,-okbZ-) & fo|q r forj.k djus (d) dksisugsxsu
okyh dEifu;ks a dk
155- fuEufyf[kr esa ls lefUor cky fodkl lsok (vkbZ-lh-Mh-
foÙk iks"k.k
(b) ân; (,p-vkj- vkbZ- & fojklr okys 'kgjksa dk ,l-) ;kstuk osQ vUrxZr dkSu lh lsok ugha iznku gksrh gS\
Mh-,-okbZ) laj{k.k ,oa iquthZou (a) iwjd vkgkj
(c) ve`r (,-,e-vkj-;w- & 'kgjksa esa eyHkwr
(b) jksx izfrj{k.k
Vh) lajpuk lq/kj
(d) LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku & 'kq¼ is; ty (c) cPpksa dks fu%'kqYd iqLrdksa ,oa fo|ky; iks'kkd dk
152- vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2015&16 osQ vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr esa ls forj.k

fdls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk ^pØO;wg pqukSrh* ekuk x;k (d) 3&6 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa dks LokLF; ,oa iks"k.k
gS\ f'k{kk
(a) Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk lektokn ls iw¡thokn dh
vksj tkuk 156- ^lrr~ fodkl y{;* 2017 osQ lwpdkad esa Hkkjr dk dkSu
(b) Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk lektokn ls fuxZeu lfgr lk LFkku gS\
lhfer cktkjokn dh vksj tkuk (a) 116ok¡
(c) Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk lektokn ls fuxZeu lfgr
(b) 125ok¡
lhfer cktkjokn dh vksj tkuk
(c) 108 ok¡
(d) Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk ls
iw¡thokn dh vksj tkuk (d) 95ok¡
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
ANSWER
INDIAN ECONOMY
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (c) 52. (c) 53. (b) 54. (d) 55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (c)
61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (a)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (b) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (d) 77. (c) 78. (c) 79. (a) 80. (c)
81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (d) 84. (b) 85. (a) 86. (d) 87. (a) 88. (c) 89. (c) 90. (b)
91. (d) 92. (b) 93. (b) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (d) 97. (c) 98. (c) 99. (b) 100. (c)
101. (b) 102. (d) 103. (a) 104. (b) 105. (d) 106. (d) 107. (a) 108. (d) 109. (a) 110. (c)
111. (a) 112. (c) 113. (c) 114. (d) 115. (c) 116. (d) 117. (c) 118. (a) 119. (b) 120. (a)
121. (b) 122. (a) 123. (b) 124. (c) 125. (b) 126. (b) 127. (c) 128. (c) 129. (c) 130. (c)
131. (d) 132. (d) 133. (d) 134. (b) 135. (a) 136. (d) 137. (c) 138. (c) 139. (c) 140. (a)
141. (c) 142. (c) 143. (b) 144. (b) 145. (d) 146. (b) 147. (b) 148. (d) 149. (b) 150. (d)
151. (c) 152. (a) 153. (d) 154. (c) 155. (a) 156. (a)

UPPCS Pre 2020 Indian Economy

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UPPCS Pre 2020 Indian Economy

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Hkkjrh;

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lkekftd  eqnzkLQhfr 24

 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds egŸoiw.kZ   Hkkjr izfrHkwfr&eqnz.k ,oa fLkDdksa dk 

 D;k gS uhfr vk;ksx\ 4  lwpdkad ds ukeksa esa ifjorZu 29

 uhfr vk;ksx @75 ,d u;s Hkkjr ds fy,  dj 30

dk;Zuhfr 5  oLrq ,oa lsok dj 31

 jk"V™h; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh uhfr&2011 11  th,lVh ykWVjh 32

 jk"V™h; fofuekZ.k uhfr&2011 12  Lej.kh; rF; 32

 fotu U;w ba fM;k 2022 13 ctV

 mŸkj izns'k bysDV™kWfuDl fofuekZ.k  dsUnzh; ctV 2020&21 dk lkjka'k 36

 jk"V™h; vk; 17  vk;&O;;d 2020&21 47

 jk"V™h; vk; ls lacaf/kr egŸoiw.kZ foxr o"kks± (2009&2018)esa iwNs x, iz'u

 jk"V™h; vk; ds vkdyu ls lacaf/kr

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds egŸoiw.kZ vk;ke

m|ksx LFkkiuk o"kZ LFkku

D;k gS uhfr vk;ksx\

uhfr vk;ksx @75 ,d u;s Hkkjr ds fy, dk;Zuhfr

pkyd cqfu;knh <k¡pk lekos'k xous±l

y{; ls vfèkd o`f¼ nj izkIr djus okyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a

y{; ls vfèkd o`f¼ nj izkIr djus okyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a

jk"V™h; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh uhfr&2011

µjk"Vªh; lwpuk foKku osQaæ

jk"V™h; fofuekZ.k uhfr&2011

fotu U;w ba fM;k 2022

mŸkj izns'k bysDV™kWfuDl fofuekZ.k uhfr&2017

Hkkjr esa jk"V™h; vk; vkdyu dh leL;k,°

jk"V™h; vk; ls lacaf/kr egŸoiw.kZ rF;

jk"V™h; vk; ds vkdyu ls la ca f/kr egŸoiw.kZ la LFkku

u;s la'kks/ku (New Revision)

miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdka d

lk[k fu;a=.k dh fof/k;k°

Hkkjr izfrHkwfr&eqnz.k ,oa fLkDdksa dk mRiknu

Hkkjrh; y?kq m|ksx fodkl cSad (SIDBI)* 1990

lwpdka d ds ukeksa esa ifjorZu

ekU;rk izkIr Hkkjr ds 23 LVkWd ,Dlpsat

osQUæ ljdkj osQ izR;{k dj&

oLrq ,oa lsok dj (Goods and Service Tax)

NksVs djnkrkvksa ds fy, th,lVh ds ykHk

1- iz/kuea=kh tu&/u ;kstuk 28 vxLr] 2014

2- nhu n;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'ky fe'ku 25 flrEcj] 2014

3- LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku 2 vDVwcj] 2014

4- lkaln vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk 11 vDVwcj] 2014

5- Jeso t;rs 16 vDVwcj] 2014

6- thou izek.k (isa'ku Hkksfx;ksa osQ fy,) 10 uoEcj] 2014

7- fe'ku bUæ/uq"k (Vhdkdj.k) 25 fnlEcj] 2014

8- uhfr vk;ksx 1 tuojh] 2015

9- ân; (le`¼ lkaLÑfrd laj{k.k o dk;kdYi) 21 tuojh] 2015

10- csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks vfHk;ku 22 tuojh] 2015

11- lqdU;k le`f¼ ;kstuk* 22 tuojh] 2015

12- e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk 19 iQjojh] 2015

13- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 12 vizSy] 2015

14- iz/kuea=kh thou T;ksfr chek ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015

15- iz/kuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015

16- vVy isa'ku ;kstuk 9 ebZ] 2015

17- mLrkn ;kstuk 14 ebZ] 2015

18- dk;kdYi (tuLokLF;) ;kstuk 15 ebZ] 2015

19- Mh-Mh- fdlku pSuy 26 ebZ] 2015

20- gkmflax iQkWj vkWy Ldhe 25 twu] 2015

22- LekVZ flVh ifj;kstuk 25 twu] 2015

23- fMftVy bafM;k 1 tqykbZ] 2015

24- ç/kuea=kh dkS'ky fodkl 15 tqykbZ] 2015

26- ';kek çlkn eq[kthZ #cuZ fe'ku 16 flrEcj] 2015

27- Lo.kZ ekSæhdj.k ;kstuk 5 uoEcj] 2015

28- Lo.kZ ckWUM ;kstuk 5 uoEcj] 2015

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lkekftd eqnzkLQhfr 24

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds egŸoiw.kZ Hkkjr izfrHkwfr&eqnz.k ,oa fLkDdksa dk

D;k gS uhfr vk;ksx\ 4 lwpdkad ds ukeksa esa ifjorZu 29

uhfr vk;ksx @75 ,d u;s Hkkjr ds fy, dj 30

dk;Zuhfr 5 oLrq ,oa lsok dj 31

jk"V™h; lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh uhfr&2011 11 th,lVh ykWVjh 32

jk"V™h; fofuekZ.k uhfr&2011 12 Lej.kh; rF; 32

fotu U;w ba fM;k 2022 13 ctV

mŸkj izns'k bysDV™kWfuDl fofuekZ.k dsUnzh; ctV 2020&21 dk lkjka'k 36

jk"V™h; vk; 17 vk;&O;;d 2020&21 47

jk"V™h; vk; ls lacaf/kr egŸoiw.kZ foxr o"kks± (2009&2018)esa iwNs x, iz'u

jk"V™h; vk; ds vkdyu ls lacaf/kr

3- izHkkoh jktLo 3. Effective Revenue 262702 277686 307807 402719

2- cktkj m/kj (ljdkjh 2. Market Borrowings

3- vYi cprksa osQ cnys 3. Securities against Small