Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

In the recent years, students have become more and more engaged in partial employment.

Students are motivated to continue and complete their education, even if financial stability is a

problem for parents and students. In the article posted by Ang Bayan, (2023) claimed that during

the 2017–2018 academic year, 235 colleges increased additional fees, and 262 schools increased

tuition. That year, the average rise per unit was ₱86.68, or 6.69%. CHED permitted 56 schools to

raise tuition (estimated at 4.74% or ₱29.15 per unit) and other fees (10.61% or ₱50.51) even

during the pandemic's peak (2021–2022).

College courses add to the cost of tuition for students who wish to pursue a college

degree. Dickler, Jessica (2019) stated that deep cuts to governmental support for higher

education over the past ten years have resulted in a notable increase in tuition and a shift of more

college expenses onto students. Given the rising expense associated with the only way to get a

higher education is to work a part-time job while going to school. Students are ready to start

working and become more independent, especially those who are entering in college. In

particularly to those students who decided to work while they are in school, they made this

commitment for variety of reasons, including financial concerns, experiences, networking and

more. Since everything is becoming more and more expensive, students eventually require more

financial aid to meet their living and educational costs. According to the article posted by

Naylor, Alana (2021) both pros and cons on the student and the high school experience might

result from working while in school, the certain negative effects are being stressed out, getting
less sleep, and having a short space of time. Even with that, some working students claimed that

it is quite challenging to balance employment and participation in extracurricular activities like

sports throughout one’s time in school. It can be somewhat stressful. Perez, Sophomore Isabella

who works as a student said that, she had a hard time adjusting to a new routine and failed to

look after her schoolwork. It demonstrates that the main positive of this are having obligations,

developing time management skills, and receiving money were some of the benefits. Students'

lives are greatly impacted by time management, particularly those students who work. Time

management is the ability of an individual to balance the many aspects of their lives.

Furthermore, working students noticed time management as essential to completing their

assignments and duties on time Ugidos (2019). Taylor, Alison (2022) students were asked to

consider how much time they spend each week (on average) studying, going to classes, working,

and engaging in social and recreational activities. They went on to describe how they "use" their

time and what they would like to alter, one of the respondents is Shares, Jenny said that, she

spends five to seven hours a week studying, but the most of that time is simply a small amount of

procrastination while glancing at the textbook, so she thinks that she wants to be more efficient.

The majority of participants said that working throughout the school year helped them develop

better time management skills. Students have been regulated since long before they attended

college, and many of them are quite skilled at it.

Academic Performance is the process of evaluating students' performance in a range of

academic courses, commonly in classroom performance Mulu et al. (2022). According to the

article posted by Lessky, Franziska and Unger, Martin (2023) Students who spend more than ten

hours a week of work are more likely to have lower academic achievement. Johnston, Charles et

al. Working Students and Their Academic Performance – A Decision Tree Analysis (2019),
shows that it is important to consider how students view themselves and how employment affects

their academic achievement. Seniors who have a favorable opinion of their job are more likely to

support this opinion with successful academic achievement. While students in different academic

levels are employed in a position related to major is beneficial. In any other case, a modest

workload is still advised. Any academic counselling may benefit from the use of the analysis

technique, which makes it simple to determine which students are more likely to the negative

effects of working, when working intensity matters, and what working factors could influence

academic achievement. Based on the study of Baharum et al. (2021) Correlation assessment

between working and academic performance. It's common for students to work while they study;

at least half of them have held a paid job at some time while they were in school. Students'

academic performance will be impacted by balancing work and school at the same time. The

biggest problems come from the effects of working while in school, which lower academic

achievement. The benefits and drawbacks of working experiences are shaped by this viewpoint.

Watts and Pickering (2000) noted that working part-time and there are several benefits to

studying full-time, and most responders believed that part-time work was essential to surviving

in the modern higher the field of education. None the less, the student may feel under pressure

because of academic requirements, such as finishing assignments within the given time and

difficulty in terms of finances. These diligent people are made of effort and studies. Students

who don't get enough sleep are more likely to have sleeplessness and impairment of brain

activity. Students who work and are exposed to a lot of workload will eventually have a negative

impact on health and wellbeing even with a fair wage. Students who work will eventually be

better prepared for their future careers.

 Students Experience, based on The Journal of Continuing Higher Education (2021) some

of the SHS students nowadays have a part-time job. Higher education institutions typically

operate under the premise that students should prioritize their academic studies over their

employment, despite the fact that the benefits of working have been recognized for years. The

reasons behind students working, the advantages and disadvantages of working, and the kinds of

jobs that are most beneficial to students. Taylor & Francis (2021) stated the policy

recommendations and practice considerations for higher education institutions are then covered.

These include (a) eliminating or changing practices that deter working students from enrolling in

classes, (b) creating policies that make use of students' prior work experience, (c) offering part-

time employment opportunities on campus, and (d) setting up support systems to help students

locate jobs that suit them. Effects of working while studying. According to Chrissia (2022),

working students don’t get enough sleep. Mornings are dreaded, and nights are long. The only

time they get any relaxation is on weekends, and even then, they may have an early morning

shift. They still have schoolwork to do when they get home, and if it doesn’t take them hours,

they might be able to go out with some friends later that night. The decision then becomes

whether theye‘d prefer to catch up on much-needed sleep or have some fun and see how long

they can make it through their sleepless days. If you’re a working student, you understand how

working overtime sounds better than participating in extracurricular activities at school. Of

course, it’s not because you don’t want to join in those exciting and enjoyable activities, but that

extra income can significantly affect your financial situation. Positive impact, based on

experience of Lynelle (2022) being a working students also has a positive impact just like (a)

Being smart on money, working while going to school might teach you about budgeting and

establishing good money management habits. Working while a student may help you earn
money, whether paying your tuition, debating whether to buy something new or hunting for extra

spending. Making your own money may teach you how to save and budget for unforeseen

events. It may also enable you to experience paying for expected costs such as groceries or rent,

which may give you essential skills before committing to full-time employment. (b) Early

experience, it was working while in SHS gives you real-world experience that will help you once

you graduate. Employers prefer hiring students with prior work experience because it exhibits

accountability and a strong work ethic. Job experience improves an employee’s credibility; it

shows character strength and the capacity to strike a work-life balance. And lastly (c) Making

money, maybe the most evident benefit of all the advantages. After all, who doesn’t like

spending money on a snack or a caffeine boost to get you through a long day or renewing your

streaming service membership when you need to unwind and binge-watch your favorite show.