Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Region IV-A CALABARZON

Division of Rizal

VALLEY HIGH ACADEMY

J.P RIZAL ST. MANGGAHAN, RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL

Effects of Time Management on the Academic Performance

of Grade 12 Working Students in Valley High Academy

A Research Paper Presented to

Ms. Marieta Cabilli
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion
By:
Bigcas, Junnil
Capinig, Joel
Agte, Jemaica
Balucio, Kate Bernadine
Belaro, Kristianne
Cahayon, Grace Ann

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 Chapter 1

Background of the study

As the education system shifts to distance learning, students in the

Philippines struggle to adjust to virtual classrooms. While some enjoy the

convenience of a stable internet connection and gadgets, there are students who

aren’t as lucky. There are those who need to work on the side just to survive online

classes.

Based on the department of education over 24 million students are back to

school this year, more than 3 million lower than last year's 27.7 million students.

Because of the pandemic, the percentage of working students in the Philippines

increased. The majority of them choose to work because of a lack of financial

assistance and to support themselves.

According to the research conducted by Watts and Pickering (2000), while

working part-time and studying full-time has a variety of positive outcomes,

respondents generally viewed part-time employment as a necessity to survive in the

contemporary higher education sphere. Curtis and Shani (2002) believed that

students who are working part-time will most likely miss lecturers and feel that they

could achieve higher grades if they had not been working.

According to OECD Working and Learning Together (2019), there should be

a proper policy approach to working students in able to support them. In

consequence, government, schools, and universities should be

2
 aware of this issue. They can introduce an element of flexibility as a means of

structuring assignments and course requirements to support this.

In this study, the researchers aim to determine the possible effects of time

management on the academic performance of working students. Expected that

they’re really busy, some of them might struggle in managing their time. Being a

student and an employee is different, but they both need time to be done.

Statement of the problem

The purpose of this research is to determine the Effects of Time Management

on the Academic Performance of Working Students More specifically, the

researchers would like to answer the following questions:

1. What are the disadvantages and advantages of a part-time job on the academic

learning of students?

2. What approaches or practices do working students use to establish an effective time

management strategy?

3. What are the factors that influence working students' time management?

Hypothesis

The majority of the research has examined the concerned amount of time

students worked and what types of jobs they have. Because of the inconsistent

results, this study will view similar variables in order to add to the

3
further discussion about the effects of employment of students on their

academic attainment.

These are the following hypothesis formed based on the research evidence:

(a) Students with more flexible schedules perform better in school;

(b) Students who have internships employment linked to their majors have

higher academic achievement; and

(c) Students who work fewer hours obtain better academic results.

Scope and delimitation

The focus of this study is to determine the influence of time management on

grade 12 working students in Valley High Academy. This study will mainly identify

if working students can manage their time and how it influences their academic

performance. It delimits that the study may not generalize to other students or other

schools.

Significance of the study

The result of the study will be redeemed important to the following:

Working students. The study's findings can assist them in determining what

is proper to undertake in relation to their studies. They can figure out what they need

to do to improve their learning.

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 Teacher. The study's findings may assist them in recognizing or

acknowledging that each student faces unique challenges. They will be able to shift

or modify their attitude toward it or make suitable adjustments as a result of this.

Parents. The study's findings may assist them in better understanding or

acknowledging their children. They will be able to tell if their children are receiving

adequate education to enable them to operate in society.

Employment agency. The study's findings may aid them in recognizing their

working student's employees. It will give them information on how to hire pupils.

They will be able to make some adjustments or alterations.

Students. The study's findings may aid them in recognizing their working

student's employees will give them information on how to hire pupils. They will be

able to make some adjustments or alterations.

Definition of terms

Education

Educating or being educated as an activity or process, as well as a stage in such

a process the knowledge and growth that comes from being educated as a person

with minimal education.

Working Student

A working student is a term commonly used in higher education to describe

someone who works full-time while also studying. Anyone with a

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primary employment status who is also a student is no longer permitted to work

under a student contract.

Employment

Financial

It can refer to an asset’s or liability predicted lifetime, during which is the

asset’s or liability’s value is expected to rise or diminish, depending on its nature.

Time Management

Time management entails wisely managing your time so that you can make

better use of it. Greater productivity, less stress, and more opportunities to do the

things that matter are all advantages of good time management. Mindtools have a

ton of tools to help you improve your time management skills.

Distance learning

Distant learning, also known as distance education, e-learning, or online

learning, is a type of education in which teachers and students are physically

separated during instruction and various technologies are used to enhance student-

teacher and student-student communication.

Part-time

When someone works part-time or has part-time employment, they only work

for a portion of the day or week. Many businesses are cutting costs by

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hiring part-time workers who are paid less. Part-time employees labor for only a

portion of each day or week.

Full-time

When you work full-time, you devote the majority of your time to it. Working

full-time usually entails putting in roughly forty hours per week. You have the

option of working full time or studying full-time.

Flexibility

Flexibility can also define as activity, services, or actions that can support one

group of people like working students.

Virtual Classrooms

An online system that allows students and teachers to communicate and

collaborate is referred to as a virtual classroom. Virtual classrooms are usually

cloud-based learning platforms that are integrated into larger learning management

systems.

Employment

After an employee works for a set length of time, the employment contract

must be ended when that period expires.

Adequate

Also, define as competent, enough, and sufficient. This is meeting or reaching

the given standard.

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 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Sarath A. Nonis & Gail I. Hudson (2010) point out in their article entitled

“Academic performance of college students: Influence of time spent studying and

working” that the time that students spent on their work and studies may affect their

academic performance. They also believed that once a student enters college, they

tend to spend fewer hours studying while spending a lot of time on their work. In

further evaluation, the authors examine if non-ability variables like motivation and

ability will affect the student’s academic performance. The result of the research

shows that the time that students spent on their work doesn’t affect their academic

performances at all, which is contradictory to common beliefs. In addition, the non-

ability variables (e.g., motivation, skills, ability) significantly influence students’

academic performance.

According to the article entitled “Part-time working opportunities and the

impact on students’ academic achievement” by Edwin Nuvianto Al Azis & Gita

Yusanti (2021), part-time worker students can still achieve better because of their

experiences in their part-time jobs that normal students can’t experience. There are

two main factors why students motivate to work, the first is the financial factor (e.g.,

tuition, savings) and the second is the experience factor. Therefore, higher students

can be part-time workers, if they pay attention to

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their time management. Part-time jobs don’t affect how students perform in their

schools.

Based on the article by Pauline Pangestika Hermawan (2020) entitled “An

overview of learning among working students during COVID-19 pandemic”

working students should have the motivation to carry out their responsibilities and

duties as both students and workers (e.g., proper time management). The author

aimed to know the learning motivation of the working students. At the end of the

article, the author suggested that the majority of the working students have still the

motivation in learning while others may not be. The academic performance of the

working student still depends on his/her motivation to learn.

Local Literature

According to Philippines University- Manila, Jazelle Bantilan (2014).

Student Employment is a very common practice in the Philippines. With a

significant portion of the student population engaging in part-time jobs, it is not a

surprise to find working students in a classroom, especially in colleges and

universities. They get employment in a variety of industries, mainly from food

service, to sales and entertainment, aside from the usual jobs such as student

assistants. Many college students strive to balance many responsibilities due to

financial constraints. They are experiencing a variety of issues in school and at

work, ranging from time management issues, decrease in school

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achievement, and health issues part-time working students confront obstacles, as

well as personal and societal issues. There are numerous hurdles and problems in

balancing both.

According to Melody Escabusa Villahermosa, Wahlenlou Caneda Obao, and

Jemimah Bagabaldo the likely reasons for the poor academic performance of student

assistants (SAs). It is typical nowadays for students to work while studying to pursue

their dreams in life. Expenses for college education` are never cheaper as generation

passes by. Some families can afford tuition fees; however, most families cannot

afford to send their children to pursue a college degree. As a result, one of the best

ways to make money is to Work while studying allows you to earn a degree and

realize your aspirations. a few of the workers Students work as service personnel in a

fast- food restaurant. Some, in particular, Those with money put their money into

tiny firms. Some are assigned to work as student assistants. This is a typical practice

in colleges and institutions.

Angelo Dulas (2010) Primarily, the study was conducted to determine the

relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance in Math and English

subjects of science high school students. The objectives are (a) to find what level of

self8efficacy do high school students have and (b) to explore if there is gender

difference among high school students in terms of their self8efficacyand academic

performance.

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 Review of Related Study

Foreign Study

The study of Elisabeth Hovdhaugen (2015), emphasizes that there are many

possible factors why students leave a specific university before having the degree of

completion, and one of the most commonly cited is being engaged to work while

studying.

Kavarana (2013), discovered that there was an increase in the number of

working students, which can be attributed to a desire to minimize loans and debts.

Students felt the need to limit their borrowing and therefore earn more in tuition.

Another benefit lies in the feeling of self-achievement and self- satisfaction that

is achieved through challenging oneself with double the workload and two

different lifestyles. It is all about pushing oneself to the limits and proving to the

world that one can manage their time in the best possible way and make the most of

it by working and studying at the same time. It is also believed that such an

attitude reflects the abilities of hard work and determination in people, which are

qualities that every firm generally looks for. Whether it is about financial

considerations or future employability prospects.

The study of Fjorto (1995), reported that "the student who devotes more time

to employment, the less he or she has for either academic or social activities.” Some

studies have looked at the effects of working on social and academic integration or

student engagement. This concept is an important component in student behavior

theory (Bean, 1985; Pascarella & Staver,

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1985; Tinto, 1975) that has long been linked with perseverance (Kuh, 1995;

Pascarella & Terrenzini, 1983).

Moreover, Pascarella and Padgett (in Lederman 2009), have sought to examine

the effects of work on academic performance and observed how students who

devoted their time to on- and off-campus work contributed to the students’ critical

thinking, moral reasoning, socially responsible leadership, and mental well-being.

Results revealed that working 20 hours and more had a positive effect on students'

psychological well-being, and students who worked off-campus also trended

positively on leadership skills. Work did not have much bad effect on cognitive type

outcomes like moral reasoning and critical thinking, but work has a positive result on

things like psychological well- being and leadership even when one is working a ton

of hours. Findings further showed that there were significant differences in the

impact on students who came into college with different academic abilities, with

much more can cause harm to students who scored lower on college entrance exams.

Working on campus between 1-10 hours a week had a positive effect on critical

thinking for high-ability students but a strong negative effect for low- ability

students.

As Furr & Elling, 2000 in Watanabe (2005) stressed that as more students

work, they have to balance their academic requirements, extracurricular activities,

and employment responsibilities to maintain their lifestyles. Teachers need to

consider the situation of these working students,

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especially since they are coping with their requirements from time to time. They

should see their physical struggle which regular students have less experience in the

classroom. Studying needs a relaxed frame of mind and working students, who are

often tired from working may not have a better academic performance.

Local Study

The study of Emerson D. Peteros (2018) was conducted to see if there was a

relationship between time management, self-efficacy and academic success

especially by examining respondents' math skills among high school working

students in Cebu, Philippines. The study used a descriptive correlational

methodology to conduct an adopted survey questionnaire on 31 high school working

students. Their view of their success in studying mathematics has been analyzed in

consideration of the type of life they have as a student. The findings indicate that

there was no direct correlation between time management and math performance;

however, there was a substantial weak positive correlation between self-efficacy and

mathematics performance. It is strongly recommended that time management skills

be included in order to mold and promote students' good reactions to handling all the

pressures. From a theoretical standpoint, once the time management skills have been

acquired and applied, students are expected to manage, strive for, and accomplish

their life objectives more successfully.

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 Marpa (2014) conducted research on the relationship between time

management, study habits, and academic performance of math major students. This

study's respondents were 52 mathematics major students from the Philippine Normal

University Negros Occidental Branch, who were polled using the "How effectively

do you manage your time?" questionnaire created by Mackenzie et al. This study

revealed that the degree of time management of math major students was ordinary,

as was their academic accomplishment, but they developed strong study habits. The

findings also demonstrate a substantial relationship between math major students'

time management and study habits, as well as study habits and academic success in

mathematics. This result indicated that time management is associated with study

habits, and study habits are associated with academic success in mathematics.

In a study conducted by Jimbo Antipolo (2021), the researcher sought to

examine how working students balance school and jobs amid a health crisis. The

study also identifies working students' coping mechanisms for dealing with stress

and pressure while studying and working. The descriptive research method utilized

in this study was inspired by Wayne State University's Time Management

Questionnaire (2014) to learn about their time management skills. There were forty-

three (43) men and fifty-eight (58) girls among the responders, for a total of one

hundred and one working students. These responders were chosen using a purposive

random selection method. The study findings indicated that male working students

have somewhat more stressful time management than female working students and

that no male

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working students have ever stated that they have organized time management, but

some of their female counterparts have. In conclusion, this study revealed that men

and women manage their time differently.

Theoretical Framework

Maslow (1943) first introduced the concept of a hierarchy of needs in his paper

titled "A Theory of Human Motivation," and again in his subsequent book,

‘Motivation and Personality’, it is a theory of motivation containing a five- tier

model of human needs. Those needs include physiological, safety, love and

belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Kreitner (2007) said Marlow’s theory has

strongly influenced those interested in work behavior. His message was about the

people’s needs and when one need is relatively fulfilled, others emerge in a

predictable sequence to take its place. So his theory is about the relevance of

Maslow’s theory to the use of time. Once you've figured out what your needs are,

you may classify them and establish a timeframe for fulfilling them. For example,

the first motive behind earning money as a student is to meet the physical demands

of our body first and then we become capable of balancing our job and academic

learning. A larger percentage of our lives, and the majority of our time, is devoted to

enhancing our living standards by pleasing ourselves in every possible way. That

brings us closer to self- actualization that places at the top of the pyramid in

hierarchy of needs, which requires a lesser time if we have adequate resources to

spare. People must

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analyze this time management theory and determine where they lie on the pyramid

in order to properly manage time. The pickle jar theory is Jeremy Wright's most

recent time management theory, produced following a series of experiments in 2002.

(Olubor & Osunde, 2007). The pickle jar theory is a time management theory is

essentially based on the premise that, like a pickle jar, time is a finite area that may

be filled with items of all various shapes and sizes with regard to time. According to

the pickle jar hypothesis, people's activities and obligations must be balanced

utilizing an effective time management system (Wright, 2002). There is around

allotted time for everything and everything fits perfectly where it is meant to fit. This

idea is based on the reality that people have several significant priorities in their life,

such as studies, workload, leisure, family duties, sleep, and relaxation, all of which

must be followed with time. According to the theory, none of these duties are bad,

but what matters is efficient management in the midst of time restrictions in order to

improve performance in all aspects of life. Pickle jar theory, as it applies to time

management for outstanding teaching, highlights the need of identifying one's major

goals during the day, in order to achieve a higher grade average which is an index of

academic performances. Time management is essential to everyone. Effective time

management entails keeping track of how much time one spends on various tasks

and prioritizing which ones should be prioritized. Studying time management theory

aids in the proper planning, organization, and scheduling of expected tasks so that

they are in line with what matters most in one's life. It's impossible to construct a

strategy and

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 develop an action plan that will help you manage your time successfully if you don't

have a firm grasp on time management theory. The17 type of time management

theory that appeals to a person is what they adopt or follows, whether they are

attempting to improve one’s professional-related life or personal routines (Wright,

2002).

Conceptual Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Profile of Students.
- Age
 Collecting data.
- Sex
- Birth order  Effects of Time
- Family Income Management on the
 Analyzing and
- Financial Support Academic Performance
Interpreting the data.
of Working Students
 What is the level of are determined.
description of students’
 Presenting of Findings.
study habits in terms of;
- Time of studying
-Style/Techniques
for studying.

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 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter reveals the methods of research to be employed by the

researcher in conducting the study which includes the research design,

population of the study, research instrument, and procedure, research locale, and

the appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Method

The researchers used Quantitative research with a descriptive approach.

Through this method, the researchers can collect reliable and appropriate data

for the study. The researchers also provide different literature and theory to

support this study. By the means of survey questionnaires, the researchers can

collect the data from Grade 12 students from Valley High Academy. This

method is appropriate since the researchers aim to determine the effects of

time management on the academic performance of grade 12 working students

in Valley High Academy. This will help the researchers to gather numerical

data from a set of students and to conclude a finding from a group of people to

explain the phenomenon.

Descriptive research is a quantitative research method that attempts to collect

quantifiable data from a population sample for statistical analysis.

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This will support the researchers to determine the effects of time management in

the grade 12 working students.

Research Respondents

The respondents of the study are composed of grade 12 students from Valley

High Academy year 2021-2022. One of the vital factors to keep the process of this

study. All of these respondents were selected through purposive sampling. The

sampling method which the researcher chooses respondents with a very specific

intention. It is also called judgmental sampling.

The chosen respondents are containing thirteen (13) participants from

different grade 12 strands, eleven (11) boys and two (2) girls. The Information and

communication technologies (ICT), Humanities and social sciences (HUMSS),

and Science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM). These respondents

were chosen because they are suitable and applicable for this study.

Research Design

The researcher used a quantitative research design (Experimental Research) to

conduct this study. The researcher aimed to find the effects since the topic is about

the effects of time management on the academic performance of grade 12 students

from valley high academy. The survey

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questionnaires are answered by the grade 12 students and it provides enough data to

contribute on the study.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at Valley High Academy. It is a private

preschool, an elementary and secondary school founded in 1993 by

Ma.Divinagracia S. Gran, located at Zuniga St Manggahan Rodriguez, Rizal but in

1996 it was relocated to its present address at J.P Rizal St. Rodriguez, Rizal. The

construction of two store buildings for Senior High School was built in 2016-2017.

This school was known for winning many awards from different academic contests

and sports facilitated by the Rodriguez Private School Association (ROPRISA),

Rizal Private School Association (RIPRISA), and Reaching At-Promise Student

Awards (RAPSA). This study was implemented to the Grade 12 students of Valley

High Academy.

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 Source: Google Maps

Data Gathering Procedure

In the study, the researchers identified the needed respondents, which are

Grade 12 working students at Valley High Academy. The researchers made and

utilize an original questionnaire to gather data from respondents containing multiple

grid choices in form of Likert Scale. But due to what is happening around the world,

the survey will take place online. Researchers can use various apps such as

messenger, zoom, and google survey. This will serve as a medium to make it easier

for researchers and participants to connect from different areas. The initial step will

be reminding the respondents of the main purpose of this study, as well as

discussing the procedure, protection, and maintenance of confidentiality and giving

the respondents the right to refuse to answer and stop answering if they desire.

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Data Gathering Instrument

In this study, the main data-gathering instrument used is the questionnaire. The

instrument prepared forms an orderly set of carefully arranged questions for the

qualified respondents to answer in order to gather factual information in regards to

the study.

The questionnaire was in a form of a Likert scale. The researcher used google

forms to create the survey which consists of multiple grid choices where

respondents can rate the following statement according to their experiences.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to analyze and interpret the results from the survey questionnaires that

are answered by the respondents, we will be using statistical tools. The researchers

will use a frequency distribution and Mean distribution for the statistical treatment

of data. This statistical tools are appropriate for this study because it’s quantitative

and descriptive research. Through this frequency distribution table and Mean

distribution table, the researchers can determine the total population of respondents,

their age, genders, and their response on survey questionnaires.

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1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

FORMULA:
𝒇
% = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒏
WHERE:
𝑓= frequency
𝑛= number of participants

2. Mean Distribution
FORMULA:

WHERE:

= Sum of all the values

= Number of values

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 Chapter 4
Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the results, the analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from the
answers to the questionnaires distributed to the field.

Table 1
Frequency Percentage Distribution of demographic profile in terms of GENDER

Gender f %
Female 2 15%
Male 11 85%
Total 13 100%

The table shows that 15% of the respondents are female with a frequency of 2, and 85%
of the respondents are male with a frequency of 11 with a total of 13 respondents.

Table 1.1
Frequency Percentage Distribution of demographic profile in terms of AGE
Age f %
17 1 8%
18 7 54%
19 5 38%

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 Total 13 100%

The table shows that most of the respondents are 18 years old with a percentage of 54%
and a frequency of 7, while others are 19 years old with a percentage of 38% and a frequency
of 5. And the remaining one is 17 years old with a percentage of 8%.

Table 2
Mean Distribution of Disadvantages and advantages of a part-time job on the academic
learning of working students
Experiences Mean Response Interpretation
Due to working, my grades drop 1.92 Less Visible Low
Due to working, I often sleep 2.07 Less Visible Low
during class discussion
Due to working, I got less 1.69 Not Visible Very Low
interested in class
Due to working, I forgot to do 2.23 Less Visible Low
and pass school activities
Due to working, I can’t cope with 1.84 Less Visible Low
class discussion
Due to working, I can pay 2.53 Visible High
school fees
Due to working, I learn different 2.92 Visible High
things (Managing time wisely,
Problem-Solving skills) that I can
apply in school
Due to working, I learned my 2.46 Less Visible Low
responsibilities as a student

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 Due to working, My grades 2.23 Less Visible Low
increased
Average Weighted Mean 2.21 Less Visible Low

Based on the table, the majority of the statements appear as Less Visible, except for
the statement “Due to working, I can pay school fees”, and “Due to working, I learn different
things (Managing time wisely, Problem-Solving skills) that I can apply in school” which
appear as Visible. In addition, the statement “Due to working, I got less interested in class”
receives Not Visible. The Average weighted mean is 2.21 and are described as Low.

Table 3
Mean Distribution of approaches or practices that working students use to establish an
effective time management strategy
Experiences Mean Response Interpretation
I properly follow my schedule as 3.23 Agree High
a student and as a worker
I list everything I need to do in a 3 Agree High
day
I line up my schedule in school to 3.15 Agree High
be appropriate for my
schedule at work
I know my priorities 3.23 Agree High
I assign time limits on a specific 2.92 Agree High
task that I need to do
Average Weighted Mean 3.11 Agree High

The table shows that all of the statements appear to have high interpretation with a
mean of 3.23, 3, 3.15, 3.23, and 2.29. The average weighted mean is 3.11 and are
describe as High.

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 Table 4
Mean Distribution of factors that influence the time management of working students

Factors Mean Response Interpretation

Unaligned Schedules 2.46 Barely Low
Influential
Distance of your job location 2.30 Barely Low
and school Influential
Family Problems and Colleague 2.61 Influential High
Problems
Using too much of gadgets 2.46 Barely Low
Influential
Tiredness from work 2.69 Influential High
Laziness 2.53 Influential High
Game apps 2.07 Barely Low
Influential
Social Media Platforms 2.23 Barely Low
Influential
Average Weighted Mean 2.42 Barely Low
Influential

Based on the results, the factors that are influential in the working students’ time
management are Family Problems and Colleague Problems with a mean of 2.61, Tiredness
from work with a mean of 2,69, and Laziness with a mean of 2.53. While the rest of the
statements are barely influential. The average weighted mean is 2.42 and are describe as
Low.

27
 Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusion, And Recommendation
This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusion, and recommendation of the

study.

Summary

This study aimed to find out the influence of Time Management on the Academic

Performance of Grade 12 Working Students in Valley High Academy during the

School-Year 2021-2022.

The stratified format used for the survey questionnaire is the Likert Scale;

Inferences were drawn on the basis of the statistical analysis of data. This paper used

frequency percentage distribution, and mean as measures for statistical analysis.

A descriptive close-ended survey questionnaire was used as the instrument to gather

the necessary data for the investigation.

The subject of the study was ten (13) enrolled grade 12 Working Students in Valley

High Academy, two (2) Females, and eleven (11) Males.

Highlights of the Findings

Based on the statistical analysis of gathered data, the following were the highlight of the

findings.

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 1. Profile of the Students-respondents

a. Majority (85%) of the respondents were male.

b. Most (54%) of the respondents are 18 years old.

2. As to the disadvantages and advantages of a part-time job, it reveals that these

appeared to be less visible in response with low interpretation. It has an average

weighted mean of 2.21.

3. On the basis of practices of working students, all the list effects cited appeared high

extent. Wherein the two statements "I properly follow my schedule as a student and as

a worker" and “I know my priorities” have a mean of 3.23, indicating a high

interpretation.

4. As a result of responses, the factors that influence time management have a general

weighted mean average of 2.24 which correspond Barely influential in response with

low interpretation. Where in the most influential factor is the “tiredness from work”,

it has a mean of 2.69 which corresponds to the scale of influential.

Conclusion

Based on the highlights of the findings, the following conclusion were:

1. Mostly of the working students experience the positive effects of a part-time job

rather than negative effects.

29
 2. Most of working students learn different things like managing time wisely, and

problem-solving skills that they can apply in school.

3. The more working students develop time management practices, the more likely

they are to experience the advantages of a part-time job.

4. The factor that influenced working students’ time management the most is

tiredness from work.

Recommendation

As an offshoot to the highlights and conclusions drawn, the following

recommendation were offered

1. Working students should learn how to effectively manage their time by

making a daily to-do list and understanding their priorities and obligations.

2. Parents must be relatable to their children since they are the ones who can educate

them on how to successfully manage their time.

3. More working pupils should be acknowledged by teachers and school

administration. They can change or make appropriate improvements such as programs

or organizations that deal with working students.

4. Pupils should also acknowledge students who are working. They can assist them

by sending notes, addressing their concerns, and giving them a chance if they are unable to

engage in class at times.

30
 References

Emerson D. Peteros, et. al. (2021) Understanding the Effects of Time

Management and Self-Efficacy on math Performance among High School
Students Working Part-Time in Cebu, Philippines http://it-in-
industry.org/index.php/itii/article/view/455
Marpa, E.P. (2014). Correlation among time management, study habits and academic
achievement of the math major students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication
260266663_CORRELATION AMONG TIME MANAGEMENT STUDY
HABITS_AND_ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MATH_MAJOR
STUDENTS
link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260266663_CORRELATION_AMO
NG_TIME_MANAGEMENT_STUDY_HABITS_AND_ACADEMIC_ACHIEVEMEN
T_OF_THE_MATH_MAJOR_STUDENTS
Antipolo, Jimbo. (2021). BALANCING SCHOOL AND WORK AMIDST A
PANDEMIC: WORKING STUDENTS' TIME MANAGEMENT.
https://uijrt.com/articles/v3/i1/UIJRTV3I10009.pdf
Hovdhaugen, E. (2015). Working while studying: The impact of term-time employment
on dropout rates. Retrieved from https://www. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/
13639080.2013.869311
Pascarella and Padgett (in Lederman 2009) Lived experiences of on campus Working
Students https://www.academia.edu/36174809/Lived_Experiences_of_On_Campus_Working
_Students
Furr & Elling, 2000 in Watanabe (2005) The Influence of Work on College Student Development
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234640918_The_Influence_of_Work_on_C
ollege_Student_Development
Kleinschmidt, K. (2013). Negative effects of working and studying. Retrieved from
http://www.ehow.com /info_8548674_negative-effects-working-studying.html.
Kavarana (2013), Lived experiences of on campus Working Students
https://www.academia.edu/36174809/Lived_Experiences_of_On_Campus_Working
_Students
Sarath A. Nonis & Gail I. Hudson (2010) “Academic performance of college
students: Influence of time spent studying and working”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JOEB.81.3.151-159

31
Edwin Nuvianto Al Azis & Gita Yusanti (2021) “Part-time working opportunities and the
impact on students’ academic achievement”
https://bcsdjournals.com/index.php/mejrhss/article/view/277

Pangestika Hermawan (2020) “An overview of learning among working students during
COVID-19 pandemic”
https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icebsh-21/125959499

32
 Appendix A
Data Collection Instrument
This survey aims to find out the effects of your time management on your academic
performance as a student and as a worker. If you could please take the time to complete and
honestly answer this survey, it would be greatly appreciated. Any information obtained in
connection with this study that can be identified with you will remain confidential.
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Grade&Section:
Present Job Employment:

Direction: Rate the following based on your own experiences.

I. "The disadvantages and advantages of a part-time job on
the academic learning of students"
4- Very Visible
3- Visible
2- Less Visible
1- Not Visible
Experiences 4-Very 3-Visible 2-Less 1-Not
Visible Visible Visible
Due to working, my grades
drop
Due to working, I often sleep
during class discussion
Due to working, I got less
interested in class
Due to working, I forgot to do
and pass school activities
Due to working, I can’t cope
with class discussion
Due to working, I can pay
school fees

33
 II. "The approaches or practices do working students use to
establish an effective time management strategy"
4- Strongly Agree
3- Agree
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
Experiences 4-Strongly 3-Agree 2-Disagree 1-Strongly
Agree Disagree
I properly follow my schedule
as a student and as a worker
I list everything I need to do in
a day
I line up my schedule in school
to be appropriate for my
schedule at work
I know my priorities
I assign time limits on a
specific task that I need to do

III. "The factors that influence working students' time management"

4- Very Influential
3- Influential
2- Barely Influential
1- Not Influential
Factors 4-Very 3- 2-Barely 1-Not
Influential Influential Influential Influential
Unaligned Schedules
Distance of your job location
and school
Family Problems and
Colleague Problems
Using too much of gadgets
Tiredness from work
Laziness
Game apps
Social Media Platforms

34
 Appendix B

CURRICULUM VITAE

Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High
Academy (Grade 11)

Jemaica B. Agte FIELD OF STUDY

Humanities and Social
PERSONAL INFORMATION Sciences
(Grade 12)
Email:jemagte@gmail.com

Age: 18 years old

LOCATION
J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Nationality: Filipino
Rodriguez, Rizal
Status: Single
CURRENT YEAR
Birthday: Sept. 14,2003
LEVEL
Birthplace: Pasay City
Grade 12
35
 Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High Academy
(Grade 11)
Grace Ann B. Cahayon
FIELD OF STUDY
PERSONAL INFORMATION Humanities and Social
Sciences
Email:
(Grade 12)
cahayongraciana@gmail.com

Age: 19 years old

LOCATION
Nationality: Filipino
J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Rodriguez, Rizal
Status: Single
CURRENT YEAR
Birthday: Feb. 07,2003
LEVEL
Birthplace: Rodriguez,
Grade 12
Rizal

3
 Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High
Academy (Grade 12)
Kate Bernadine B. Balucio
FIELD OF
PERSONAL INFORMATION STUDY
Humanities and Social
Email:kbbalucio@gmail.com Sciences
Age: 18 years old (Grade 12)
Nationality: Filipino
LOCATION
Status: Single J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Birthday: Dec. 22,2003 Rodriguez, Rizal
Birthplace: Tondo, CURRENT YEAR
Manila LEVEL
Grade 12

3
 Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High Academy
(Grade 11)
Kristianne L. Belaro FIELD OF STUDY
Humanities and Social
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Sciences
Email: (Grade 12)
kristiannebelarooo@gmail.com
LOCATION
Age: 18 years old
J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Nationality: Filipino Rodriguez, Rizal
Status: Single
CURRENT YEAR
Birthday: Feb. 12,2004 LEVEL
Birthplace: Bicol Grade 12

3
 Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High
Academy (Grade 11)
Junil Bigcas
FIELD OF STUDY
PERSONAL INFORMATION Humanities and Social
000
Sciences
Email:
(Grade 12)
jbflores136@gmail.com

Age: 19 years old

LOCATIO
N
Nationality: Filipino
J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Status: Single Rodriguez, Rizal
Birthday: March 18,2003
CURRENT YEAR
Birthplace: Naga City LEVEL
Grade 12

3
 Educational Attainment
LEVEL
Valley High
Academy (Grade 11)
Joel Capinig
FIELD OF STUDY
PERSONAL INFORMATION Humanities and Social
Sciences
Email:
(Grade 12)
joelcapinigll@gmail.com

Age: 19 years old

LOCATION
Nationality: Filipino
J.P Rizal St. Manggahan
Rodriguez, Rizal
Status: Single
CURRENT YEAR
Birthday: April 9,2003
LEVEL
Birthplace:
Grade 12
Santa Cruz, Manila