Unit 1folder

9TH – IG PHYSICS ( 0625 )
WORK-SHEET FOLDER
(2023-2024)
SECTION - 1
Motion, Forces and Energy
1.1 Physical quantities and measurement techniques
1.2 Motion
1.3 Mass and weight
1.4 Density
1.5 Forces
1.6 Momentum
1.7 Energy, work and power
1.8 Pressure
SECTION 1
4 Mechanics
Motion, 1
forces and energy
13:03
Distance, speed and time
1.1 Length and time
speed = distance ÷ time
Speed (m/s)
GRADIENT =
ACCELERATION
Distance (m)
Braking distances
AREA = DISTANCE GRADIENT = SPEED
Time (s) Time (s)
1.2 Motion
1.23
Measuring volume
MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg
WEIGHT: 735 N WEIGHT: 122 N WEIGHT: 277 N

W = mg
1.3 Mass and weight
d
m
ρ=
V
Mass and density h
WATER
displacement 1 g/cm3
beaker w
1.4 Density
Copyright © UCLES 2017

8 SECTION 1
Mechanics
Motion, 2
forces and energy
moment
Forces 1m 1m
balanced – constant speed
force × distance
F = kx 10 N 5N
resultant Balanced forces
unbalanced – accelerating newtons metres
1.5.1 Effects of forces 1.5.2 Turning effect
Forces and mass

10 N 10 N
1m 1m
10 N 10 N
balanced forces
1.5.3 Conditions for equilibrium 1.5.4 Centre of mass
v
scalar vector m m
13 :0 3
v
time acceleration Velocity m m
volume velocity
speed force p = mv
1.5.5 Scalars and vectors 1.6 Momentum
P = ∆E/t
W = fd
N
Work and power
fd = ∆E
N
m power = change in energy ÷ time
1.7.3 Work 1.7.4 Power
low pressure pressure

large force
large area
p = f/a
high pressure
large force p = hρg
small area
1.8 Pressure
Copyright © UCLES 2017

1
1.1 Length and time
1 A measuring cylinder contains some water. A small metal block is slowly lowered into the water
and is then removed.
Finally a piece of plastic is attached to the metal block and the block is again slowly lowered into
the water.
The diagrams show the measuring cylinder at each stage of this process.
1 2 3
cm3 cm3 cm3
100 100 100
90 90 90
80 80 80
70 70 70
60 60 60
50 50 50
40 40 40
30 30 30
20 20 20 plastic
10 10 10
metal block metal block
What is the volume of the piece of plastic?

3 3 3 3
A 10 cm B 25 cm C 70 cm D 80 cm
[1]
[Total: 1]
2 A pendulum is swinging. Five students each measure the time it takes to swing through ten
complete swings.
Three students measure the time as 17.2 s. Another student measures it as 16.9 s, and the fifth
student measures it as 17.0 s.
What is the average period of the pendulum?
A 1.69 s B 1.70 s C 1.71 s D 1.72 s

[1]
[Total: 1]
2
3 A student determines the average speed of a bubble rising through a liquid at constant speed.
When the student starts the stopwatch the bubble is at position P.
After 2.0 s the bubble is at position Q.
bubble
18 Q
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
P
26
cm
27
bubble
What is the speed of the bubble between P and Q?
A 3.2 cm / s B 3.7 cm / s C 6.4 cm / s D 7.4 cm / s

[1]
[Total: 1]
3
4 The diagram shows a child’s building block. Its volume and maximum height are determined.
maximum
height
Which instruments are used?
to determine the to measure the

volume maximum height
A balance rule
B measuring cylinder rule
C rule balance
D rule measuring cylinder
[1]
[Total: 1]
4
5 The diagram shows a stopwatch, originally set at 00:00.
When a car was first seen, the stop-start button was pressed. When the car passed the observer
the stopwatch showed 01:06.
stop-start button
mins secs
How long did the car take to reach the observer?
A 1.06 seconds
B 6 seconds
C 66 seconds
D 106 seconds
[1]
[Total: 1]
6 A student investigates the density of three different liquids.
The student pours liquid honey into a container, as shown in the figure.
cm3
50
40
30
20
10
honey
Name the container shown in the figure.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
5
7 A student uses a rule to measure a thin piece of wire as shown in the figure.
wire
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
cm
The student records the length of the wire as 12.8 cm.
State two errors in the student’s measurement of the length of wire.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
6
8 A student has a stack of 20 identical coins.
The figure shows the student measuring the height of the stack using a ruler.
cm
15
eye
10
5
stack of
20 coins
With his eye at the position shown, the student’s measurement of the height of the stack is 6.8 cm.
Suggest two reasons why the student’s measurement is inaccurate.
1. ...........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
7
9 A student has a stack of 20 identical coins.
The figure shows the student measuring the height of the stack using a ruler.
cm
15
eye
10
5
stack of
20 coins
The student correctly determines the height of the stack as 7.7 cm.
Calculate the average thickness of one coin.
thickness = ....................................................... cm [2]
[Total: 2]
10 In the past, burning candles were used as timers.
A boy carries out an experiment to make his own timer using a burning candle.
The figure (not to scale) shows the length of the candle, and the clock he used, at the start of the
experiment and at the end of the experiment.
8
start of the experiment end of the experiment

clock clock
11: 50 14 : 05
candle at 5.0 cm
the start candle at 3.2 cm
the end
(a) Use the figure to complete the table.
time at start of the experiment
time at end of the experiment
time for which the candle was .................. hours ..................minutes

burning
= .................. hours
[2]
(b) The difference in the length of the candle from the start to the end of the experiment was
1.8 cm.
Calculate the rate, in cm / hour, at which the candle burns.
rate = .............................................. cm / hour [2]

9
(c) The boy estimates that he would need a candle about 24 cm long, of the same material and
diameter, to make a candle timer that would last at least one day.
State whether the boy’s estimate is correct. Give a reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
10
11 In the past, burning candles were used as timers.
A boy carries out an experiment to make his own timer using a burning candle.
The figure (not to scale) shows the length of the candle, and the clock he used, at the start of the
experiment and at the end of the experiment.
start of the experiment end of the experiment

clock clock
11: 50 14 : 05
candle at 5.0 cm
the start candle at 3.2 cm
the end
2
The candle has a cross-sectional area of 1.6 cm .
Calculate the volume of candle at the start of the experiment.
3
volume = ....................................................... cm [2]
[Total: 2]
11
12 A student hangs a spring vertically from a hook, as shown in the figure.
12.0 cm 15.0 cm
2.0 N
Describe how the length of the spring can be measured accurately, after it has been hung from the
hook.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
12
13 Four school athletes are about to run a 100 m race, as shown in the figure below.
starter
starting pistol
timekeeper
100 m A
B
winning line
The runners start at A, when the starter fires the starting pistol, and they finish at B.
The timing instrument is known to work correctly.
What might cause the timekeeper to introduce an inaccuracy into the timing of the race?
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
14 A student has been told to find the density of some liquid paraffin by measuring its mass and its
volume.
(a) Which piece of laboratory equipment should she use to measure the volume of the liquid
paraffin?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Which piece of laboratory equipment should she use to find the mass of the liquid paraffin?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
13
(c) Describe the procedure she would follow in order to find the mass.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 5]
15
(a) Complete the graph by plotting the last three values of height h against time. Do not draw a
line through the points.
40
30
h / cm
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8
time / days
[2]
(b) Describe how the graph shows that the speed of growth of the plant is not constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
14
16 The diagram shows the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled
with sea water.
State a suitable instrument for measuring the dimensions given in the diagram.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
with sea water.
15
3
(a) The volume of the sea water in the pool is 264 m .
Calculate the depth of the pool.
depth = .............................................. [3]

5
(b) The mass of the sea water in the pool is 2.70 × 10 kg.
Calculate the density of the sea water. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
density = .............................................. [2]
(c) Calculate the pressure due to the sea water at the bottom of the pool.
pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
1
1.2 MOTION
1 A vertical tube contains a liquid. A metal ball is held at rest by a thread just below the surface of
the liquid, as shown in the diagram.
(not to scale)
The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball. The ball is released and it
accelerates downwards uniformly for a short period of time.
Describe what happens to the velocity of the ball in the short period of time as it accelerates
downwards uniformly.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
2 A sky-diver jumps out of a hot-air balloon, which is 4000 m above the ground. At time = 30 s, she
opens her parachute.
The graph is the speed-time graph of her fall.

2
(a) Label with the letter X the point on the graph where the sky-diver opens her parachute. [1]
(b) Label with the letters Y and Z the two parts of the graph where the sky-diver falls at terminal
velocity. [1]
[Total: 2]
3 The diagram shows a trolley travelling down a ramp.
The trolley has a piece of paper tape attached to it. The tape passes through a machine which
makes a dot on the tape every 0.02 s.
The diagram shows a section of the tape.
(a) State how the dots on the tape show that the trolley was moving with constant speed.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) When the trolley reaches the point P, the ramp is tilted so that the angle x is greater.
Describe and explain the change in motion of the trolley.
description ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 3]
3
Describe, in terms of the forces acting on the sky-diver, her motion between leaving the balloon
and opening her parachute.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
4
5 A trolley is released from the top of a ramp.
The graph is the speed–time graph for this trolley.
Using the speed–time graph, calculate the distance travelled by the trolley in the first 0.5 s.
distance = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
6 The diagram shows a model car travelling at constant speed on a flat circular track.
5
The speed of the car is 0.30 m / s. In one complete revolution around the track, the car travels 3.9 m.
(a) Calculate the time taken for the car to complete one revolution around the track.
time = .............................................. [2]
(b) On the diagram, draw and label with the letter F an arrow to show the resultant force acting
on the car. [1]
[Total: 3]
6
Calculate the average speed of the sky-diver in the first 4.0 s of her fall.
average speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
7
8 The diagram shows a metal ball at rest in a tube of liquid.
The ball is released and reaches terminal velocity at point X.
Explain the motion of the ball as it falls from rest until it reaches point X.
Use ideas of force and acceleration in your answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
5
9 An aeroplane of mass 2.5 × 10 kg lands with a speed of 62 m / s, on a horizontal runway
at time t = 0. The aeroplane decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line
until it reaches a speed of 6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.
(a) Calculate the deceleration of the aeroplane in the 35 s after it lands.
deceleration = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the resultant force acting on the aeroplane as it decelerates.
force = .............................................. [2]

8
(c) Calculate the momentum of the aeroplane when its speed is 6.0 m / s.
momentum = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
9
10 An aeroplane lands with a speed of 62m / s, on a horizontal runway at time t = 0. The aeroplane
decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line until it reaches a speed of
6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.
At t = 35 s, the aeroplane stops decelerating and moves along the runway at a constant speed of
6.0 m / s for a further 15 s.
On the diagram, sketch the shape of the graph for the distance travelled by the aeroplane along
the runway between t = 0 and t = 50 s. You are not required to calculate distance values.
[3]
[Total: 3]
11 The graph is a speed–time graph of a person on a journey.
On the journey, he walks and then waits for a bus. He then travels by bus. He gets off the bus and
waits for two minutes. He then walks again. His journey takes 74 minutes.
10
(a) For the whole journey calculate the distance travelled.
distance = .............................................. [3]
(b) For the whole journey calculate the average speed.
average speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
11
12 State and explain which feature of a speed–time graph shows acceleration.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
13 The graph is the speed–time graph of a person on a journey.
On the journey, he walks and then waits for a bus. He then travels by bus. He gets off the bus and
waits for two minutes. He then walks again. His journey takes 74 minutes.
State and explain the acceleration of the person at time = 40 minutes.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
12
14 Define acceleration.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
15 The diagram shows two speed–time graphs, A and B, and two distance–time graphs, C and D.
Describe the motion shown by:
(a) graph A
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) graph B
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) graph C
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
13
(d) graph D.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
16 A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the ground. The rocket travels with uniform acceleration
from rest. After 8.0 s, the speed of the rocket is 120 m / s.
Calculate the acceleration of the rocket.
acceleration = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
17 A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the ground. The rocket travels with uniform acceleration
from rest. After 8.0 s, the speed of the rocket is 120 m / s.
(a) On the grid, draw the graph for the motion of the rocket in the first 8.0 s. [1]
14
(b) Use the graph to determine the height of the rocket at 8.0 s.
height = .............................................. [2]
(c) From time = 8.0 s to time = 20.0 s, the rocket rises with increasing speed but with decreasing
acceleration.
From time = 20.0 s to time = 25.0 s, the rocket has a constant speed of less than 200 m / s.
On the grid, draw the graph for this motion. [3]
[Total: 6]
18 A car accelerates from rest at time t = 0 to its maximum speed.
The graph is the speed-time graph for the first 25 s of its motion.
The mass of the car is 2300 kg.

15
(a) For the time between t = 0 and t = 5.0 s, determine the acceleration of the car.
acceleration = .............................................. [2]
(b) For the time between t = 0 and t = 5.0, determine the resultant force acting on the car.
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
16
Describe the motion of the car between t = 10 s and t = 15 s. Explain how the graph shows this.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
20 The diagram shows a small submarine submerged below the surface of the sea.
17
The submarine emits a pulse of sound to detect other objects in the sea. The speed of sound in
sea water is 1500 m / s. An echo is received with a time delay of 0.50 s after the original sound is
emitted.
(a) Calculate the distance between the submarine and the other object.
distance = .............................................. [3]
(b) Another pulse of sound is emitted through the air when the submarine is on the surface.
An echo is received from a second object that is in the air. This echo is received 0.50 s after
the pulse of sound is emitted.
Compare the distance of the second object from the submarine with the distance calculated
in (a). Tick one box. Give a reason for your answer.
distance is smaller
distance is the same
distance is larger
Reason ........................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 4]
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
18
22 A rocket is stationary on the launchpad. At time t = 0, the rocket engines are switched on and
exhaust gases are ejected from the nozzles of the engines. The rocket accelerates upwards.
Diagram A shows how the acceleration of the rocket varies between time t = 0 and time t = tf.
Diagram A
On diagram B, sketch a graph to show how the speed of the rocket varies between time t = 0 and
time t = tf.
Diagram B
[3]
[Total: 3]
19
23 A bus is travelling between points A and D. There are bus stops at A, B, C and D but the bus does
not stop at B and C. The graph is a speed-time graph for the bus.
The bus stops at D for 1 min and then travels at a constant acceleration for 30 seconds.
On the graph, sketch a possible graph for this additional motion. Label X when the bus starts to
accelerate and label Y for 30 seconds later. [3]
[Total: 3]
20
The average speed of the bus between A and D is 23 km / h.
Calculate the distance between A and D.
distance = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
21
25 The graph shows a distance-time graph for a cyclist travelling between points P and V on a straight
road.
Calculate the speed between U and V.
speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
22
26 The diagram shows a distance-time graph for a cyclist travelling between points P and V on a
straight road.
Describe the motion between:
Q and R ....................................................................................................................................
R and S ....................................................................................................................................
S and T. .................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
23
27 The graph is a distance-time graph for a cyclist travelling between points P and V on a straight
road.
After point V, the straight road continues down a steep hill. The cyclist travels down the steep hill.
He does not apply the brakes and all resistive forces can be ignored.
On the graph, sketch a possible motion for the cyclist after V. [1]
[Total: 1]
24
Describe the motion of the bus between each of the bus stops. Select the appropriate description
from the list below.
constant acceleration decreasing acceleration

increasing acceleration moving backwards at constant speed
moving forwards at constant speed stationary
1. between A and B ..............................................................................
2. between B and C ..............................................................................
3. between C and D ............................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
25
30 The graph is the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist.
Calculate the maximum speed of this journey.
maximum speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
26
Calculate the average speed for this 40 s journey.
average speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
27
Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:
1. time = 0 and time = 15 s
...........................................................................................................................................
2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s
...........................................................................................................................................
3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
5
33 A train of mass 5.6 × 10 kg is at rest in a station.
At time t = 0 s, a resultant force acts on the train and it starts to accelerate forwards.
28
The graph is the distance-time graph for the train for the first 120 s.
(a) (i) Use the distance-time graph to determine the average speed of the train during the
120 s.
average speed = .............................................. [1]
(ii) Use the distance-time graph to determine the speed of the train at time t = 100 s.
speed = .............................................. [2]

29
(iii) Describe how the acceleration of the train at time t = 100 s differs from the acceleration
at time t = 20 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
2
(b) (i) The initial acceleration of the train is 0.75 m / s .
Calculate the resultant force that acts on the train at this time.
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
(ii) At time t = 120 s, the train begins to decelerate.
State what is meant by deceleration.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 8]
34 A lorry is travelling along a straight, horizontal road.
The graph is the distance-time graph for the lorry.

30
4
At time t = 30 s, the total resistive force acting on the lorry is 1.4 × 10 N.
(a) Using the graph, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the lorry at time t = 30 s.
acceleration = .............................................. [1]
(b) Determine the forward force on the lorry due to its engine at time t = 30 s.
forward force = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
31
35 The graph is the distance-time graph for a moving car.
At time t = 45 s, the car starts to decelerate. At time t = 55 s and at a distance of 400 m from the
starting point, the car stops. It then remains stationary for 5.0 s.
On the grid, draw a possible continuation of the distance-time graph. [3]
[Total: 3]

32
(a) Determine the speed of the car at time t = 15 s.
speed = .............................................. [2]
(b) Determine the average speed of the car between time t = 30 s and time t = 45 s.
average speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
33
On the graph, mark a point P where the acceleration of the car is zero. [1]
[Total: 1]
34
Using the graph, determine the speed of the lorry at time t = 30 s.
speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
35
Using the graph, determine the average speed of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 120 s.
average speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
36
Describe the motion of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 130 s.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
1
1.2 MOTION
1 The graph is a speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest.
Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time = 120 s and time = 160 s.
distance = ..................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
2
Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time = 30 s.
acceleration = ..................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
3
3 There is no atmosphere on the Moon.
A space probe is launched from the surface of the Moon. The graph is a speed-time graph of the
space probe.
Calculate the distance travelled by the space probe from time = 200 s to time = 300 s.
distance = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
space probe.
4
(a) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the acceleration of the space probe changes.
Without calculation, state how the graph shows this.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the thrust exerted on the space probe by the motor remains
constant.
State one possible reason why the acceleration changes in the way shown in the speed-time
graph.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
5
Without calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100 s compares to the acceleration at
time = 10 s.
Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken place.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
6 The diagram shows the axes of a speed-time graph for an object.

6
2
(a) The object has an initial speed of 50 m / s and decelerates uniformly at 0.35 m / s for 100 s.
On the diagram, draw the graph to represent the motion of the object. [2]
(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the object from time = 0 to time = 100 s.
distance = ..................................... [3]
[Total: 5]
7
space probe.
Determine the acceleration of the space probe at time = 0.
acceleration = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
8 The diagram shows the axes of a distance-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.
8
(a) 1. On the diagram, draw between time = 0 and time = 10 s, the graph for an object moving
with a constant speed of 5.0 m / s. Start your graph at distance = 0 m.
2. State the property of the graph that represents speed.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Between time = 10 s and time = 20 s the object accelerates. The speed at time = 20 s is 9.0 m / s.
Calculate the average acceleration between time = 10 s and time = 20 s.
acceleration = ..................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
9 A car is travelling at a constant speed.
The path of the car is part of a circle.
For this motion, state:
1. the direction of the resultant force on the car,.......................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2. what happens to the velocity of the car. ...............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
9
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
11 The diagram shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car.
The car starts from rest.
From time = 0 to time = 15 s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28 m / s.
From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the car has a constant speed of 28 m / s.

2
From time = 32 s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m / s until it comes to rest.
On the diagram, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations.
[5]
[Total: 5]
10
12 Astronauts set up a mirror on the Moon’s surface. A laser beam is transmitted from the Earth’s
surface to the mirror and is then reflected back to Earth.
On a certain day, the time between transmitting the beam from a point on the Earth’s surface and
receiving the reflected signal at the same point is 2.56 s.
8
The speed of the laser beam is 3.00 × 10 m / s.
Calculate the distance between the Earth’s surface and the Moon’s surface.
distance = ..................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
13 The diagram shows the speed-time graph for the motion of a car.
(a) Calculate, for the first 20 s of the motion,

11
(i) the distance travelled by the car,
distance = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) the acceleration of the car,
acceleration = .................................................... [2]
(iii) the resultant force acting on the car.
resultant force = ................................................. [2]
(b) Describe the motion of the car in the period of time from 25 s to 40 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
14 The mass of a car is 1400 kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a resultant
force of 3500 N. The car reaches a speed of 30 m / s.
(a) Calculate the average acceleration of the car.
acceleration = ........................................................... [2]
(b) Calculate the time for which the force is applied.
time = ......................................................... [2]
(c) State the name of a force which opposes the motion of the car.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
12
[Total: 5]
15 The diagram is the speed-time graph for an ice skater.
(a) Explain what is meant by deceleration.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the graph to determine
(i) the distance travelled between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s,
distance = ............................................. [2]

13
(ii) the deceleration between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s.
deceleration = ....................................... [2]
(c) (i) State what happens to the size of the deceleration after t = 6.0 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State what happens to the resultant force on the skater after time t = 6.0 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 7]
16 A boat is moving at constant speed.
(a) On the axes, sketch a distance-time graph for the boat.
[1]
14
(b) The boat is (a) is moving due west at a speed of 6.5 m / s relative to the water. The water is
moving due south at 3.5 m / s.
In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
of these two velocities. State the scale used.
scale .............................................
size of resultant velocity = .............................................
direction of resultant ............................................. [4]
[Total: 5]
2
17 A car accelerates uniformly from rest at 2.2 m / s for 3.0 s.
(a) Calculate the speed of the car at time t = 3.0 s.
speed = ...................................................... [2]

15
(b) At time t = 3.0 s, it has travelled a distance of 9.9 m.
Calculate the average speed of the car during the first 3.0 s of the journey.
speed = ........................................................ [1]
(c) On the diagram, sketch a distance-time graph for the first 3.0 s of the journey.
[3]
[Total: 6]
1
1.3 Mass and weight
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
2 The diagram shows a uniform rod of wood suspended from a pivot.

2
(not to scale)
The rod is held stationary by a horizontal force F acting as shown.

The mass of the rod is 0.080 kg.
(a) Calculate the weight W of the rod.
weight = .............................................. [1]
(b) Calculate the moment of W about the pivot.
moment = .............................................. [2]
(c) Calculate the moment of F about the pivot.
moment = .............................................. [1]
(d) Calculate the force F.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
3
3 A bus is travelling along a straight road. The bus and the driver have a combined mass of 16 000 kg
when there are no passengers in it. The bus has 73 passengers. The average mass of each of the
passengers is 65 kg.
(a) Calculate the total mass of the bus, the driver and the 73 passengers.
mass = .............................................. [2]
(b) The fully loaded bus accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 14 m / s. The time taken to
reach a speed of 14 m / s is 20 s.
Calculate the resultant force on the bus during the acceleration.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
4 The diagram shows a sign that extends over a road.

4
3
The mass of the sign is 3.4 × 10 kg.
(a) Calculate the weight W of the sign.
W = .............................................. [2]
(b) The weight of the sign acts at a horizontal distance of 1.8 m from the centre of the support post and
it produces a turning effect about point P.
Point P is a horizontal distance of 1.3 m from the centre of the support post.
(i) Calculate the moment about P due to the weight of the sign.
moment = .............................................. [3]
(ii) A concrete block is positioned on the other side of the support post with its centre of
mass a horizontal distance of 70 cm from the centre of the support post.
State what is meant by centre of mass.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) The weight of the concrete block produces a moment about point P that exactly cancels
the moment caused by the weight W.
Calculate the weight of the concrete block.
weight = .............................................. [2]

5
(c) The concrete block is removed. The sign and support post rotate about point P in a clockwise
direction.
State and explain what happens to the moment about point P due to the weight of the sign as
it rotates.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
5 A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled with a
liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg.
(a) Calculate
(i) the weight of liquid in the container,
weight = ..................................... [1]
(ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container.
pressure = ..................................... [2]
(b) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated
in (a)(ii).
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
6
(c) The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m.
Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ..................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
space probe.
7
(a) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the acceleration of the space probe changes.
Without calculation, state how the graph shows this.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the thrust exerted on the space probe by the motor remains
constant.
State one possible reason why the acceleration changes in the way shown in the speed-time
graph.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
7 The diagram shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea.
(a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater.
Explain why the cylinder floats.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
8
(b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8 m. It floats with 1.2 m submerged in the sea. The bottom of
2
the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80 m .
3
The density of seawater is 1020 kg / m .
Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the cylinder due to the depth of the seawater.
force = .............................................. [4]
(c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer.
weight = ............................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
3
8 The diagram shows a cylinder made from copper of density 9000 kg / m .
3
The volume of the cylinder is 75 cm .
(a) Calculate the mass of the cylinder.
mass = ....................................................... [2]
(b) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

9
(i) Calculate the weight of the cylinder.
weight = ................................................ [2]
(ii) State one way in which weight differs from mass.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 5]
9 All the sides of a plastic cube are 8.0 cm long. The diagram shows the cube, (not to scale).
The mass of the cube is 0.44 kg.
(a) Explain what is meant by mass.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the density of the plastic from which the cube is made.
density = ............................................................ [2]

10
3
(ii) The density of one type of oil is 850 kg / m .
State and explain whether the cube floats or sinks when placed in a container of this
oil.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) On the Moon, the weight of the cube is 0.70 N.
(i) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.
gravitational field strength = .................................................. [2]

11
(ii) In a laboratory on the Moon, the plastic cube is held stationary, using a clamp, in a
3
beaker of the oil of density 850 kg / m .
The arrangement is shown in the diagram.
The lower face of the cube is 3.0 cm below the surface of the oil.
Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the pressure due to the oil on the lower face of
the cube.
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
10 The diagram shows remote sensing equipment on the surface of a distant planet.
(a) The mass of the equipment is 350 kg. The acceleration of free fall on the surface of this planet is
2
7.5 m / s .
12
(i) State what is meant by the term weight.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the weight of the equipment on the planet.
weight = ................................................ [2]
(b) The equipment releases a balloon from a point that is a small distance above the surface of
3
the planet. The atmosphere at the surface of this planet has a density of 0.35 kg / m . The
3
inflated balloon has a mass of 80 g and a volume of 0.30 m .
Make an appropriate calculation and then predict and explain the direction of any motion of
the balloon. Show your working.
prediction ........................................................................................................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]
13
11 The diagram shows a vehicle designed to be used on the Moon.
The brakes of the vehicle are tested on Earth.
The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one sixth ( ) of its value on Earth.
Tick one box in each column of the table to predict the value of that quantity when the vehicle is
used on the Moon, compared to the test on Earth.
deceleration of vehicle
weight of vehicle on
mass of vehicle on Moon on moon with same
Moon
braking force
10 × value on Earth
6 × value on Earth
same value as on Earth
× value on Earth
× value on Earth
[3]
[Total: 3]
1
1.4 Density
1 A scientist fills a container with sea water. The container has dimensions 30 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm.
3
The density of sea water is 1020 kg / m .
Calculate the mass of the sea water in the container.
mass = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
2 The diagram shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to
generate electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown.
The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each second is
7.5 kg.
3
The density of air is 1.3 kg / m .
Calculate the volume of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each
second.
volume = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
with sea water.
2
3
depth = .............................................. [3]

5
density = .............................................. [2]
pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
4 The diagram shows a wind turbine.

3
The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a volume of
3
24 000 m of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The density of air is
3
1.3 kg / m .
(a) Calculate the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s.
mass= .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
4
5 The diagram shows liquid in a cylinder.
The table gives some data about the cylinder and the liquid.
radius of cylinder 3.5 cm
weight of empty cylinder 2.5 N
depth of liquid 12.0 cm

3
density of liquid 900 kg / m
The cylinder containing liquid is placed on a digital balance that displays the mass in kg.
Calculate the reading shown on the balance.
reading .............................................. kg [4]
[Total: 4]
5
4 3
6 The density of mercury is 1.4 × 10 kg / m .
The diagram shows mercury stored in a cylindrical glass jar of internal radius 4.0 cm. The depth of
mercury in the jar is 12 cm.
Calculate the weight of mercury in the jar.
weight = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
6
7 The diagram shows liquid in a cylinder.
The depth of the liquid is 10 cm and the radius of the cylinder is 3.0 cm. The weight of the liquid in
the cylinder is 2.5 N.
density = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
8 A bubble of gas forms at a point 5.0 m below the surface of a lake.
As the bubble rises to the surface, the mass of gas in the bubble stays constant. The temperature
of the water in the lake is the same throughout.
Explain why the bubble rises to the surface and why its volume increases as it rises.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
7
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2
3
force = .............................................. [4]
weight = ............................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
8
[Total: 7]
3
10 The diagram shows a cylinder made from copper of density 9000 kg / m .
3
The volume of the cylinder is 75 cm .
(a) Calculate the mass of the cylinder.
mass = ....................................................... [2]
(b) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of the cylinder.
weight = ................................................ [2]
(ii) State one way in which weight differs from mass.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 5]
9
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
density = ............................................................ [2]

3
oil.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]

10
3
the cube.
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
12 The diagram shows a cylinder immersed in a liquid.

11
The upper face of the cylinder is at a depth of 2.7 cm below the surface of the liquid.
The pressure due to the liquid at the upper face of the cylinder is 560 Pa.
(a) Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain why the cylinder does not float in this liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
13 The diagram shows remote sensing equipment on the surface of a distant planet.
(a) The mass of the equipment is 350 kg. The acceleration of free fall on the surface of this planet is
2
7.5 m / s .
(i) State what is meant by the term weight.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the weight of the equipment on the planet.
weight = ................................................ [2]

12
(b) The equipment releases a balloon from a point that is a small distance above the surface of
3
the planet. The atmosphere at the surface of this planet has a density of 0.35 kg / m . The
3
inflated balloon has a mass of 80 g and a volume of 0.30 m .
Make an appropriate calculation and then predict and explain the direction of any motion of
the balloon. Show your working.
prediction ........................................................................................................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]
3
14 A block of wood has a volume of 210 cm and a mass of 180 g.
(a) Calculate the density of the block of wood.
density = ..................................................... [2]

3
(b) The block is held just above the surface of a liquid of density 0.88 g / cm .
Predict and explain what happens when the block is released.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
1
1.5 Forces
1 The diagram shows a trolley travelling down a ramp.
The trolley has a piece of paper tape attached to it. The tape passes through a machine which
makes a dot on the tape every 0.02 s.
The diagram shows a section of the tape.
(a) State how the dots on the tape show that the trolley was moving with constant speed.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) When the trolley reaches the point P, the ramp is tilted so that the angle x is greater.
Describe and explain the change in motion of the trolley.
description ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 3]
2
(not to scale)
The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball. The ball is released and it
accelerates downwards uniformly for a short period of time.
The ball reaches terminal velocity.
Describe and explain the motion of the ball from when it is released until it reaches terminal velocity.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
3
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
4 The diagram shows a model car travelling on a flat circular track.
The speed of the car increases and at point P on the diagram the car does not stay on the track.
4
(a) Suggest, in terms of the force acting on the car, why the car does not stay on the track at point
P.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) On the diagram, draw and label an arrow with the letter S to show the direction of motion of
the car as it leaves the track at point P. [1]
[Total: 2]
5 The diagram shows a model car travelling at constant speed on a flat circular track.
The speed of the car is 0.30 m / s. In one complete revolution around the track, the car travels 3.9 m.
5
(a) Calculate the time taken for the car to complete one revolution around the track.
time = .............................................. [2]
(b) On the diagram, draw and label with the letter F an arrow to show the resultant force acting
on the car. [1]
[Total: 3]
(not to scale)

The mass of the rod is 0.080 kg.
(a) Calculate the weight W of the rod.
weight = .............................................. [1]
(b) Calculate the moment of W about the pivot.
moment = .............................................. [2]

6
(c) Calculate the moment of F about the pivot.
moment = .............................................. [1]
(d) Calculate the force F.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
7 Speed is a scalar quantity.
State one other scalar quantity.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
8 Velocity is a vector quantity.
State one other vector quantity.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
7
9 The diagram shows a metal ball at rest in a tube of liquid.
The ball is released and reaches terminal velocity at point X.
Explain the motion of the ball as it falls from rest until it reaches point X.
Use ideas of force and acceleration in your answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
8
(not to scale)
The angle between the rod and the vertical is increased.
State whether the force F needed to hold the rod stationary must be increased, decreased or stay
the same.
Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
11 Define the moment of a force about a point.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
5
9
deceleration = .............................................. [2]
force = .............................................. [2]
momentum = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
13 The graph is the extension–load graph for a light spring S.
(a) Using information from the graph, determine the spring constant k of spring S.
k = .............................................. [2]
10
(b) A second spring, identical to spring S, is attached to spring S. The two springs are attached to a
rod, as shown in the diagram. A load of 4.0 N is suspended from the bottom of spring S. The
arrangement is in equilibrium.
(i) State the name of the form of energy stored in the two springs when they are stretched.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Determine the extension of the arrangement in the diagram.
extension = .............................................. cm [1]
(iii) The load is carefully increased to 6.0 N in total.
Calculate the distance moved by the load to the new equilibrium position as the load
increases from 4.0 N to 6.0 N.
distance moved = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
11
State the range of loads for which S obeys Hooke’s law.
from ....................................................... to .......................................................... [1]
[Total: 1]
15 There are 30 passengers in the upper compartment of a bus and 2 passengers in the bottom
compartment of the bus.
State how this affects the stability of the bus and the reason for this.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
16 The diagram shows a train.
Suggest how the shape of the train helps it to travel at high speeds.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
12
[Total: 1]
The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.
(a) The train took 80 s to reduce its speed from 84 m / s to 42 m / s. Explain why, with the same
braking force, the train takes more than 80 s to reduce its speed from 42 m / s to zero.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) On a wet day, the train travels a greater distance before it stops along the same track. The
train has the same speed of 84 m / s before the brakes are applied.
Suggest a reason for this.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
18 A bus is travelling along a straight road. The bus and the driver have a combined mass of 16 000 kg
when there are no passengers in it. The bus has 73 passengers. The average mass of each of the
passengers is 65 kg.
(a) Calculate the total mass of the bus, the driver and the 73 passengers.
mass = .............................................. [2]

13
(b) The fully loaded bus accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 14 m / s. The time taken to
reach a speed of 14 m / s is 20 s.
Calculate the resultant force on the bus during the acceleration.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
19 In a double-decker bus there are two passenger compartments, one above the other.
The diagram shows a double-decker bus on a tilted platform.
The platform is used to test the stability of the bus.
The angle the bus makes with the horizontal is gradually increased until the bus begins to topple
to the left.
Explain why the bus begins to topple.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
14
2
20 Calculate the force required to give a mass of 71 kg an acceleration of 6.4 m / s .
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
21 State the two conditions which must be true for an object to be in equilibrium.
condition 1 ................................................................................................................................
condition 2 ................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 2]
22 A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. The diagram shows a chest
expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two handles.
Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite directions.
The springs obey Hooke’s law.
Explain what is meant by this statement.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
23 The diagram shows a uniform metre rule PQ in equilibrium.

15
The distance PQ is 100 cm. The mass of the metre rule is 0.12 kg and its weight is W.
(a) On the diagram, draw and label:
1. an arrow to show the force W acting on PQ at the centre of mass
2. an arrow to show the force R acting on PQ at the pivot.
[2]
(b) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate F.
F = .............................................. [4]
(c) Calculate R.
R = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
16
Each spring has an unstretched length of 0.63 m.
Each athlete pulls the handle towards himself with a force of 1300 N.
(a) State the tension in each spring.
tension = .............................................. [1]
(b) The chest expander stretches and each spring is now 0.94 m long.
Calculate the spring constant k of each spring.
k = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 3]
25 State two properties of an object that may be changed by the action of forces.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
17
Between t = 10 s and t = 15 s, the force exerted on the car due to the engine remains constant.
Suggest and explain why the car moves in the way shown by the graph.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
18
(a) For the time between t = 0 and t = 5.0 s, determine the acceleration of the car.
acceleration = .............................................. [2]
(b) For the time between t = 0 and t = 5.0, determine the resultant force acting on the car.
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
28 The diagram shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.
19
0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.
(a) The brakes of the model are released.
State and explain the direction of the acceleration of the model.
Statement .........................................................................................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) In (a) the model contains a water tank, which is initially full.
State and explain any change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration if the brakes are first
released when the tank is nearly empty.
Statement .........................................................................................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 5]
29 The diagram shows a sign that extends over a road.

20
3
The mass of the sign is 3.4 × 10 kg.
(a) Calculate the weight W of the sign.
W = .............................................. [2]
(b) The weight of the sign acts at a horizontal distance of 1.8 m from the centre of the support post and
it produces a turning effect about point P.
Point P is a horizontal distance of 1.3 m from the centre of the support post.
(i) Calculate the moment about P due to the weight of the sign.
moment = .............................................. [3]

21
(ii) A concrete block is positioned on the other side of the support post with its centre of
mass a horizontal distance of 70 cm from the centre of the support post.
State what is meant by centre of mass.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) The weight of the concrete block produces a moment about point P that exactly cancels
the moment caused by the weight W.
Calculate the weight of the concrete block.
weight = .............................................. [2]
(c) The concrete block is removed. The sign and support post rotate about point P in a clockwise
direction.
State and explain what happens to the moment about point P due to the weight of the sign as
it rotates.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
30 An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.
State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
22
31 The diagram shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.
In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting on
the object.
State the scale you have used.
scale ..............................................
T = .............................................. [5]
[Total: 5]
5
23
120 s.
average speed = .............................................. [1]
speed = .............................................. [2]

24
at time t = 20 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
2
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 8]
33 The diagram shows a uniform plank AB of length 2.0 m suspended from two ropes X and Y.
The weight W of the plank is 210 N. The force in rope X is P. The force in rope Y is Q.
(a) State, in terms of P, the moment of force P about B.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
25
(b) Calculate:
(i) the moment of W about B
moment = .............................................. [1]
(ii) the force P
force P = .............................................. [2]
(iii) the force Q.
force Q = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]

26
4
acceleration = .............................................. [1]
forward force = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
35 Complete the table by writing in the right-hand column the name of the quantity given by the product
in the left-hand column.
product quantity
mass × acceleration
force × time
[2]
[Total: 2]
36 Crystalline rocks are solids made of atoms.
A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool.
Explain why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
37 The diagram shows a horizontal rod of length 2.4 m and weight 160 N. The weight of the rod acts
at its centre. The rod is suspended by two vertical ropes X and Y. The tension in each rope is 80 N.
27
(a) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Calculate the mass of the rod.
mass = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
39 Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces.
The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to ..................................................................
multiplied by ...................................................................................................................... . [1]
[Total: 1]
28
The rod is in equilibrium.
Using data from the diagram, explain why.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
1
1.5 Forces
5
120 s.
average speed = .............................................. [1]
speed = .............................................. [2]

2
at time t = 20 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
2
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 8]
2 The diagram shows a uniform plank AB of length 2.0 m suspended from two ropes X and Y.
The weight W of the plank is 210 N. The force in rope X is P. The force in rope Y is Q.
(a) State, in terms of P, the moment of force P about B.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
3
(b) Calculate:
(i) the moment of W about B
moment = .............................................. [1]
(ii) the force P
force P = .............................................. [2]
(iii) the force Q.
force Q = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]

4
4
acceleration = .............................................. [1]
forward force = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
product quantity
force × time
[2]
[Total: 2]
5 Crystalline rocks are solids made of atoms.
A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool.
Explain why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
5
(a) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Calculate the mass of the rod.
mass = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
8 Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces.
The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to ..................................................................
multiplied by ...................................................................................................................... . [1]
[Total: 1]
6
The rod is in equilibrium.
Using data from the diagram, explain why.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
10 An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A resultant force begins to act upon the
object.
(a) State the ways in which the force may change the motion of the object.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State one other effect a force could have on the object.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
11 The diagram shows the speed-time graph for the motion of a car.
7
(a) Calculate, for the first 20 s of the motion,
(i) the distance travelled by the car,
distance = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) the acceleration of the car,
acceleration = .................................................... [2]
(iii) the resultant force acting on the car.
resultant force = ................................................. [2]

8
(b) Describe the motion of the car in the period of time from 25 s to 40 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
12 (a) State Hooke’s Law.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) For forces up to 120 N, a spring obeys Hooke’s Law.
A force of 120 N causes an extension of 64 mm.
(i) On the diagram, draw the force-extension graph for the spring for loads up to 120 N.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the spring constant k of the spring.
k = ......................................................... [2]
9
(c) A student makes a spring balance using the spring in (b). The maximum reading of this balance
is 150 N.
The student tests his balance with a known weight of 140 N. He observes that the reading of
the balance is not 140 N.
Suggest and explain why the reading is not 140 N.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
13 The mass of a car is 1400 kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a resultant
force of 3500 N. The car reaches a speed of 30 m / s.
(a) Calculate the average acceleration of the car.
acceleration = ........................................................... [2]
(b) Calculate the time for which the force is applied.
time = ......................................................... [2]
(c) State the name of a force which opposes the motion of the car.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 5]
14 The diagram is the speed-time graph for an ice skater.

10
(a) Explain what is meant by deceleration.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the graph to determine
(i) the distance travelled between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s,
distance = ............................................. [2]

11
(ii) the deceleration between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s.
deceleration = ....................................... [2]
(c) (i) State what happens to the size of the deceleration after t = 6.0 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State what happens to the resultant force on the skater after time t = 6.0 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 7]
15 A boat is moving at constant speed.
(a) On the axes, sketch a distance-time graph for the boat.
[1]
12
(b) The boat is (a) is moving due west at a speed of 6.5 m / s relative to the water. The water is
moving due south at 3.5 m / s.
In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
of these two velocities. State the scale used.
scale .............................................
size of resultant velocity = .............................................
direction of resultant ............................................. [4]
[Total: 5]
16 Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity.
(a) State how a scalar quantity differs from a vector quantity.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Underline the two scalar quantities in the list.
energy force impulse momentum temperature
[1]
[Total: 2]
13
17 Acceleration is a vector quantity.
Underline the two vector quantities in the list below.
energy forces frequency impulse mass refractive index
[1]
[Total: 1]
1
1.6 Momentum
1 The diagram shows an ice-hockey player moving on ice. He is preparing to hit the solid disc called
a puck.
The disc of mass 0.16 kg is moving horizontally across the surface of the ice at a speed of 15 m / s.
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the disc.
magnitude of momentum = .............................................. [2]
(b) The hockey player strikes the disc with his hockey stick and the momentum of the disc changes.
The disc gains momentum of 3.0 kg m / s at 45° to the original direction of travel of the disc, as
shown in the diagram.
(view from above)

2
(i) State the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the disc and the direction, in degrees,
of the impulse relative to the original direction of travel.
magnitude of impulse = ...... ..............................................
direction of impulse: ........................... ° to original direction [1]
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the new momentum of the disc and its new direction relative
to the original direction of travel by drawing a scale diagram.
magnitude of new momentum = ............ ...........................
direction of new momentum: ........................... ° to original direction [4]
[Total: 7]
3
2 The diagram shows a cliff edge with water below it.
A ball falls over the edge of the cliff. The mass of the ball is 160 g. The height of the cliff is 115 m.
(a) Calculate the vertical speed of the ball as it hits the water. Air resistance can be ignored.
speed = .............................................. [3]
(b) Calculate the vertical momentum of the ball as it hits the water.
momentum = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
5
4
deceleration = .............................................. [2]
force = .............................................. [2]
momentum = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.
(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.
impulse = .............................................. [3]

5
(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
5 The diagram shows an athlete crossing the finishing line in a race. As she crosses the finishing
line, her speed is 10.0 m / s. She slows down to a speed of 4.0 m / s.
(a) The mass of the athlete is 71 kg. Calculate the impulse applied to her as she slows down.
impulse = .............................................. [3]
(b) Define impulse in terms of force and time.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
6
(c) The athlete takes 1.2 s to slow down from a speed of 10.0 m / s to a speed of 4.0 m / s.
Calculate the average resultant force applied to the athlete as she slows down.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
6 The diagram shows a shooting competition, where air rifles fire soft metal pellets at distant targets.
When an air rifle is fired, it exerts an impulse of 0.019 N s on the pellet.
Define impulse.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]

7
–4
The pellet has a mass of 1.1 × 10 kg.
(a) Determine the speed with which the pellet leaves the rifle.
speed = .............................................. [2]
(b) Determine the kinetic energy of the pellet as it leaves the rifle.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 5]
8
8 A small ship is moving slowly sideways as it comes in to dock.
The ship hits the wooden pillars which move towards the dock wall.
Dock walls sometimes have the pillars replaced with rubber car tyres.
Explain how this reduces the possibility of damage when a boat docks.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
9 A rocket is launched and travels far from the Earth. The effect of the Earth’s gravity on the motion
of the rocket is insignificant. As the rocket accelerates, its momentum increases.
State the principle of the conservation of momentum.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
9
10 A rocket is launched and travels far from the Earth. The effect of the Earth’s gravity on the motion
of the rocket is insignificant. As the rocket accelerates, its momentum increases.
Explain how the principle of the conservation of momentum applies to the accelerating rocket and
the exhaust gases.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
11 The diagram shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.
0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.
(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the water that is ejected in 6.0 s.
momentum = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the model because of the jet of water.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
10
6
12 The diagram is the top view of a small ship of mass 1.2 × 10 kg. The ship is moving slowly sideways
at 0.040 m / s as it comes to the dock.
The ship is in contact with the pillars for 0.30 s as it comes to rest.
Calculate the average force exerted on the side of the ship.
force = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
13 The diagram shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club.

11
–4
The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for 5.0 × 10 s and the ball
leaves the golf club at a speed of 65 m / s.
(a) Calculate the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club.
momentum = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf club.
average force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
14 The diagram shows a girl throwing a heavy ball.
The mass of the ball is 4.0 kg. The girl exerts a force on the ball for 0.60 s. The speed of the ball
increases from 0 m / s to 12 m / s before it leaves the girl’s hand.
(a) Calculate the momentum of the ball on leaving the girl’s hand.
momentum = .............................................. [2]

12
(b) Calculate the average resultant force exerted on the ball.
average resultant force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
15 The velocity of an object of mass m increases from u to v.
State, in terms of m, u and v, the change of momentum of the object.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
16 In a game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet.
(a) The racquet is in contact with the ball for 6.0 ms. The average force on the ball during this time
is 400 N.
Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball.
impulse = .............................................. [2]
(b) The mass of the ball is 0.056 kg.
Calculate the speed with which the ball leaves the racquet.
speed = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
13
product quantity
force × time
[2]
[Total: 2]
18 A tennis player is practising by hitting a ball many times against a wall.
The ball hits the wall 20 times in 60 s. The average change in momentum for each collision with
the wall is 4.2 kg m / s.
Calculate the average force that the ball exerts on the wall.
average force = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
14
19 A ball of mass 2.0 kg is travelling at a speed of 12 m / s. It moves towards an object of mass 3.0 kg
which is at rest.
12 m / s
3.0 kg
2.0 kg at rest
The ball hits the object and sticks to it.
Which row gives the total momentum, and the speed of both objects immediately after the
collision?
A 0 4.8
B 0 8.0
C 24 4.8
D 24 8.0
[1]
[Total: 1]
20 A metal block A, travelling in a straight line at 4.0 m / s on a smooth surface, collides with a second
metal block B which is at rest. The diagram shows the two metal blocks A and B before and after
the collision.
(a) The mass of A is 3.2 kg. The mass of B is 1.6 kg.

After the collision, the velocity of A is 1.5 m / s.
Calculate
15
(i) the momentum of A before the collision,
momentum = ........................................ [2]
(ii) the velocity v of B after the collision.
v = ......................................... [3]
(b) In the collision that occurred in (a), block A and block B are in contact for 0.050 s.
Calculate the average force that is exerted on B during the collision.
average force = .......................................... [2]
(c) After the collision in (a), the total kinetic energy of the two blocks is less than the kinetic energy
of block A before the collision.
Suggest one reason for this.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
21 The diagram shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.
16
Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is at
rest.
After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.
(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of block A before the collision.
momentum = ........................................ [2]
(ii) Calculate the velocity v.
velocity = .............................................. [2]
(iii) Calculate the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.
impulse = .............................................. [2]

17
(b) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the kinetic
energy of block A before the collision.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
22 Underline the pair of quantities which must be multiplied together to calculate impulse.
force and mass force and velocity mass and time
time and velocity weight and velocity force and time
[1]
[Total: 1]
23 State the word equation that defines momentum.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
24 A footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary.
(a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s. The average resultant force on the ball during this
time is 180 N. The ball leaves his foot at 20 m / s.
Calculate:
(i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball,
impulse = .............................................. [2]

18
(ii) the mass of the ball,
mass = .................................................. [2]
(iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance.
height = ................................................. [3]
(b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical.
State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
1
1 State two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
(not to scale)
The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball.
The metal ball is released.
The metal ball has a mass of 2.1 g. It falls a distance of 0.80 m between being released and reaching
the bottom of the tube.
(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy transferred from the ball as it falls.
gravitational potential energy transferred = .............................................. [2]

2
(b) When the ball reaches the bottom of the tube, it has a speed of 1.2 m / s. Calculate the kinetic
energy of the ball at the bottom of the tube.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]
(c) Explain why the value calculated in (a) is different from that calculated in (b).
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
3 The kinetic energy of air passing through a wind turbine every minute is 720 000 J. The electrical
output of the turbine is 9.0 A at a potential difference (p.d.) of 240 V.
Calculate the efficiency (%) of the wind turbine.
efficiency = .............................................. % [5]
[Total: 5]
3
4 A computer contains a transformer.
The input voltage to the transformer is 240 V. The output voltage from the transformer is 20 V and
the output current is 2.3 A.
The efficiency of the transformer is 90%.
Calculate the input current to the transformer.
current = .............................................. [5]
[Total: 5]
5 The diagram shows a cliff edge with water below it.
A ball falls over the edge of the cliff. The mass of the ball is 160 g. The height of the cliff is 115 m.
4
(a) Calculate the vertical speed of the ball as it hits the water. Air resistance can be ignored.
speed = .............................................. [3]
(b) Calculate the vertical momentum of the ball as it hits the water.
momentum = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
3
6 A U-shaped tube of constant cross-sectional area contains water of density 1000 kg / m . Both
sides of the U-tube are open to the atmosphere.
Diagram A shows that the water levels in the two sides of the tube are equal.
Diagram A Diagram B
5
5
The atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 10 Pa.
The left-hand side of the tube is now connected to a gas supply using a length of rubber tubing.
This causes the level of the water in the left-hand side of the tube to drop by 0.200 m, as shown in
diagram B.
(a) Calculate the pressure of the gas supply. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
pressure = .............................................. [3]
(b) Diagram C shows that the gas supply is now connected to a cylinder that contains a piston.
Diagram C
6
The pressure of the gas moves the piston to the right.

2
(i) The area of the piston in contact with the gas is 0.025 m .
Calculate the resultant force on the piston.
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
(ii) The pressure of the gas causes the piston to move a distance of 0.50 m to the right.
Calculate the work done by the gas from the supply on the piston.
work done = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]

7
(a) Using information from the graph, determine the spring constant k of spring S.
k = .............................................. [2]
(b) A second spring, identical to spring S, is attached to spring S. The two springs are attached to a
rod, as shown in the diagram. A load of 4.0 N is suspended from the bottom of spring S. The
arrangement is in equilibrium.
(i) State the name of the form of energy stored in the two springs when they are stretched.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
8
(ii) Determine the extension of the arrangement in the diagram.
extension = .............................................. cm [1]
(iii) The load is carefully increased to 6.0 N in total.
Calculate the distance moved by the load to the new equilibrium position as the load
increases from 4.0 N to 6.0 N.
distance moved = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
8 As an aeroplane decelerates, its kinetic energy decreases.
Suggest what happens to this energy.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
9 A solar panel receives energy from the Sun and the thermal energy is transferred from the solar
panel to water.
State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel
compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler.
advantage.................................................................................................................................
explanation................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage.............................................................................................................................
explanation................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
10 The diagram shows a plastic cup. The cup contains sand, an electric heater and a thermometer.
9
The power of the heater is 50 W. The mass of the sand in the cup is 550 g. The initial temperature
of the sand is 20 °C. The heater is switched on for 2.0 minutes. The temperature is recorded until
the temperature stops increasing. The highest temperature recorded by the thermometer is 33 °C.
(a) Calculate the energy supplied by the heater.
energy = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of the sand, using your answer to (a) and the
data in the question.
specific heat capacity = .............................................. [3]
(c) Explain why the specific heat capacity of sand may be different from the value calculated in
(b).
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
10
7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each second is 240 J.
(a) The kinetic energy of the air drives a generator. State the input power of the air passing through
the turbine blades.
input power = .............................................. [1]
(b) The output current of the generator is 2.0 A. The output potential difference (p.d.) of the generator
is 11 V.
(i) Calculate the output power of the generator.
output power = .............................................. [2]
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the wind turbine.
efficiency = .............................................. % [2]
[Total: 5]
11
7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each second is 240 J.
Calculate the speed of the air.
speed = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
12
13 The diagram shows a shower that takes in cold water. The water passes through an electric water
heater and emerges from the showerhead at a higher temperature.
The power of the heater is 9000 W.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C). The initial temperature of the cold water is
16 °C.
Determine the maximum mass of water that can be heated to a temperature of 35 °C in 1.0 s.
mass = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
13
State the energy changes taking place as the two athletes use their muscles to stretch the chest
expander.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]

–4
The pellet has a mass of 1.1 × 10 kg.
14
(a) Determine the speed with which the pellet leaves the rifle.
speed = .............................................. [2]
(b) Determine the kinetic energy of the pellet as it leaves the rifle.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 5]
16 When fully charged, a 1.2 V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210 mA for 10 hours.
State the type of energy stored when the battery is charged.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
17 Electrical energy can be obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.
(a) State two renewable sources of energy.
Source 1 ........................................................
Source 2 ........................................................ [2]
(b) State one social, economic or environmental disadvantage of one of your answers to (a).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
15
18 The diagram shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy.
State and explain whether this source of electrical energy is renewable.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
16
Consider the generation of electrical energy by a large number of solar cells, as shown in the
diagram.
State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage.
advantage ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
17
State the main form of energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells for the generation of
electrical energy.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
18
Each group of solar cells is arranged in a rectangle 1.2 m × 2.8 m. The solar cells are situated in a
region where 260 W of solar energy is received per square metre of the cells. The electrical output
of each group of solar cells is a current of 2.5 A with a potential difference of 86 V.
Calculate the efficiency of the solar cells.
efficiency = .............................................. % [4]
[Total: 4]
19
22 The diagram shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.
The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity of
900 J / (kg °C).
In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.
Calculate the power of the heater.
power = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
23 Gas of mass 0.23 g is trapped in a cylinder by a piston. The gas is at atmospheric pressure which
5
is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The diagram shows the piston held in position by a catch.
–4 3
The volume of the trapped gas is 1.9 × 10 m.
An electrical heater is used to increase the temperature of the trapped gas by 550 °C.
20
(a) The specific heat capacity of the gas is 0.72 J / (g °C).
Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of the trapped gas by 550 °C.
energy = .............................................. [2]
(b) The power of the heater is 2.4 W.
Calculate how long it takes for the heater to supply the energy calculated in (a).
time = .............................................. [2]
(c) In practice, it takes much longer to increase the temperature of the gas by 550 °C using the
heater.
Suggest one reason for this.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 5]
24 A cube of side 0.040 m is floating in a container of liquid. The diagram shows that the surface of
the liquid is 0.028 m above the level of the bottom face of the cube.
21
The pressure of the air above the cube exerts a force on the top face of the cube. The valve is
closed.
3
(a) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg / m .
Calculate:
(i) the pressure due to the liquid at a depth of 0.028 m
pressure = .............................................. [2]
(ii) the force on the bottom face of the cube caused by the pressure due to the liquid.
force = .............................................. [2]
(b) The valve is opened and liquid is pumped into the container. The surface of the liquid rises a
distance of 0.034 m.
The cube remains floating in the liquid with its bottom face 0.028 m below the surface of the liquid.
(i) Calculate the work done on the cube by the force in (a)(ii).
work done = .............................................. [2]
(ii) Suggest one reason why this is not an efficient method of lifting up the cube.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 7]
22
6
25 The diagram is the top view of a small ship of mass 1.2 × 10 kg. The ship is moving slowly sideways
at 0.040 m / s as it comes in to dock.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the ship before it hits the pillars.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
26 State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical energy.
advantage.................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 2]
27 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.
The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).
23
(a) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room from
8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.
time = .............................................. [4]
(b) State two reasons why the time calculated in (a) is smaller than the actual time taken to raise
the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a volume of
3
24 000 m of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The density of air is
3
1.3 kg / m .
24
(a) Calculate the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s.
mass= .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area swept out
by the blades is not converted into electrical energy.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
25
30 The diagram shows a girl throwing a heavy ball.
State the energy changes that take place from when the girl begins to exert a force on the ball until
the ball hits the ground and stops moving.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
31 State what is meant by the principle of conservation of energy.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
26
32 The diagram shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club.
While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes shape.
State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
33 A 9.0 V battery is connected to a 120 Ω resistor in series with wire P.
The diagram shows a voltmeter connected across the 120 Ω resistor.
State the energy changes that are taking place in the circuit.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
27
34 In a game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet.
State the energy transfer that takes place:
1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball ................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2. as the ball leaves the racquet. .............................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
35 The diagram shows apparatus used by a student to measure the specific heat capacity of iron.
The current in the heater is 3.8 A and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 12 V. The iron block
has a mass of 2.0 kg. When the heater is switched on for 10 minutes, the temperature of the block
rises from 25 °C to 55 °C.
Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.
specific heat capacity = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
28
36 Oil-fired power stations and wind farms generate electricity.
By comparison with a wind farm, state one advantage and one disadvantage of running a power
station using oil.
advantage ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
37 The diagram shows a fork-lift truck lifting a box.
The lifting mechanism raises a box of mass 32 kg through a vertical distance of 2.5 m in 5.4 s.
(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the box.
gravitational potential energy = ..................................... [2]
(b) The efficiency of the lifting mechanism is 0.65 (65%).
Calculate the input power to the lifting mechanism.
input power = ..................................... [3]

29
[Total: 5]
38 State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using a nuclear fission
reactor to generate electrical energy in a power station.
advantage ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
39 The diagram shows a fork-lift truck lifting a box.
The electric motor that drives the lifting mechanism is powered by batteries.
State the form of the energy stored in the batteries.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
40 The diagram shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75 m / s.
The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg.
30
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off.
kinetic energy = ..................................... [3]
(b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult
provides a constant force for a distance of 150 m along the deck.
Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic
energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult.
force = ..................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
1
1 A rifle fires a bullet of mass 0.020 kg vertically upwards through the air. As it leaves the rifle, the
speed of the bullet is 350 m / s.
(a) Calculate
(i) the kinetic energy of the bullet as it leaves the rifle,
kinetic energy = .............................................. [3]
(ii) the maximum possible height that the bullet can reach.
maximum height = .............................................. [2]
(b) The actual height reached by the bullet is less than the value calculated in (a)(ii).
(i) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the bullet, why this is so.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) As the bullet rises through the air, its kinetic energy decreases.
State what happens to this energy.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 9]
2 The diagram shows a train moving up towards the top of a mountain.

2
The train transports 80 passengers, each of average mass 65 kg, through a vertical height of 1600 m.
(a) Calculate the increase in the total gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the passengers.
increase in g.p.e. = .............................................. [2]
(b) The engine of the train has a power of 1500 kW. The time taken to reach the top of the mountain
is 30 minutes.
Calculate the efficiency of the engine in raising the 80 passengers 1600 m to the top of the
mountain.
efficiency = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 6]
3 A force is used to move an object from the Earth’s surface to a greater height.
Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
3
4 (a) Describe a renewable process by which electrical energy is obtained from the energy stored
in water. You may draw a diagram in the space.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Explain why the process described in (a) can be regarded as renewable.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Explain whether the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the water in (a).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
4
5 (a) State the name of a fuel that is burnt to produce large amounts of electrical energy.
Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in
this fuel.
name of fuel: ...................................................................................................................
description of process: ....................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel in (a).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
5
6 The diagram shows the brake pedal of a vehicle.
The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the brakes.
-4 2 2
The area of the piston in the cylinder is 6.5 × 10 m (0.00065 m ). The pressure increase in the
5
oil is 5.0 × 10 Pa (500 000 Pa).
Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal.
force = ........................................................... [4]
[Total: 4]
7 A 240 V, 60 W lamp is connected to a 240 V supply. The lamp has a constant temperature.
(a) State the rate at which the lamp transfers energy to the surroundings.
rate = .......................................................... [1]

6
(b) State the names of the thermal processes by which the lamp transfers energy to the
surroundings.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
8 The diagram shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.
Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is at
rest.
After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.
(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of block A before the collision.
momentum = ........................................ [2]
(ii) Calculate the velocity v.
velocity = .............................................. [2]

7
(iii) Calculate the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.
impulse = .............................................. [2]
(b) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the kinetic
energy of block A before the collision.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
9 A footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary.
(a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s. The average resultant force on the ball during this
time is 180 N. The ball leaves his foot at 20 m / s.
Calculate:
(i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball,
impulse = .............................................. [2]
(ii) the mass of the ball,
mass = .................................................. [2]

8
(iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance.
height = ................................................. [3]
(b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical.
State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
1
1.8 Pressure
3
1 A U-shaped tube of constant cross-sectional area contains water of density 1000 kg / m . Both
sides of the U-tube are open to the atmosphere.
Diagram A shows that the water levels in the two sides of the tube are equal.
Diagram A Diagram B
5
The atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 10 Pa.
The left-hand side of the tube is now connected to a gas supply using a length of rubber tubing.
This causes the level of the water in the left-hand side of the tube to drop by 0.200 m, as shown in
diagram B.
(a) Calculate the pressure of the gas supply. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
pressure = .............................................. [3]

2
(b) Diagram C shows that the gas supply is now connected to a cylinder that contains a piston.
Diagram C
The pressure of the gas moves the piston to the right.

2
(i) The area of the piston in contact with the gas is 0.025 m .
Calculate the resultant force on the piston.
resultant force = .............................................. [2]
(ii) The pressure of the gas causes the piston to move a distance of 0.50 m to the right.
Calculate the work done by the gas from the supply on the piston.
work done = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
3
2 The diagram shows gas trapped in the sealed end of a tube by a dense liquid.
5
The pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 × 10 Pa.
State how the diagram shows that the pressure of the trapped gas is equal to the pressure of the
atmosphere.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
4
3 The diagram shows gas trapped in the sealed end of a tube by a dense liquid.
Explain, in terms of the momentum of its molecules, why the trapped gas exerts a pressure on the
walls of the tube.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
5
4 The diagram shows a submarine. The submarine is fully submerged in the sea.
The total pressure on the top surface of the submarine is 500 kPa.
2
A hatch (an opening door) on the top surface of the submarine has an area of 0.62 m .
Calculate the downward force on the hatch due to the total pressure on the top surface of the
submarine.
force = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
5 The diagram shows a submarine. The submarine is fully submerged in the sea.
3
The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the total pressure on the top surface of the submarine
is 500 kPa.
Calculate the depth of the top surface of the submarine below the surface of the sea.
depth = .............................................. [3]

6
[Total: 3]
6 Diagram A shows gas trapped in the sealed end of a tube by a dense liquid.
The scale marked on the sealed end of the tube is calibrated to read the volume of gas trapped
3
above the liquid surface. Diagram A shows that initially the volume V1 of the gas is 60 cm .
5
The pressure of both the atmosphere and the trapped gas is 1.0 × 10 Pa.
Diagram A Diagram B
More of the dense liquid is poured into the open end of the tube. The level of the liquid surface in
both the sealed and the open ends of the tube rises as shown in Diagram B. The temperature of
the trapped gas and atmospheric pressure both remain constant.
3
(a) In the sealed end of the tube, the volume V2 of the trapped gas is 50 cm . In the open end of
the tube, the liquid surface is 15 cm above the new level in the sealed tube.
Calculate the pressure p2 of the trapped gas.
pressure p2 = .............................................. [2]
(b) Calculate the density of the liquid in the tube.
density = .............................................. [2]

7
[Total: 4]
7 The diagram shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.
Describe, in terms of momentum of the molecules, how a pressure is exerted on the walls of the
cylinder.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
with sea water.
8
3
depth = .............................................. [3]

5
density = .............................................. [2]
pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
9 A cube of side 0.040 m is floating in a container of liquid. The diagram shows that the surface of
the liquid is 0.028 m above the level of the bottom face of the cube.
The pressure of the air above the cube exerts a force on the top face of the cube. The valve is
closed.
3
(a) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg / m .
9
Calculate:
(i) the pressure due to the liquid at a depth of 0.028 m
pressure = .............................................. [2]
(ii) the force on the bottom face of the cube caused by the pressure due to the liquid.
force = .............................................. [2]
(b) The valve is opened and liquid is pumped into the container. The surface of the liquid rises a
distance of 0.034 m.
The cube remains floating in the liquid with its bottom face 0.028 m below the surface of the liquid.
(i) Calculate the work done on the cube by the force in (a)(ii).
work done = .............................................. [2]
(ii) Suggest one reason why this is not an efficient method of lifting up the cube.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 7]
10
10 The diagram shows a small submarine submerged below the surface of the sea.
3
3
Calculate the pressure due to the sea water on the top of the submarine when it is 3.0 × 10 m
below the surface.
pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
11 The diagram shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical.
The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.

11
5
(a) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 10 Pa. The density of mercury is
3
13 600 kg / m .
Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.
h = .............................................. [2]
(b) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the vertical.
After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube.
State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same, or
greater than the value calculated in (a).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
State what is contained in the space labelled S.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
12
Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than the
barometer in the diagram.
Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
13
14 The diagram shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas.
With the gas supply connected, the top of the tube on the left of the device is sealed securely with
a rubber stopper. The gas pressure is then increased.
State and explain what happens to the liquid in the device.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
14
4 3
15 The density of mercury is 1.4 × 10 kg / m .
The diagram shows an instrument that is being used to determine the atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the atmospheric pressure.
atmospheric pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
16 The diagram shows an instrument that is being used to determine the atmospheric pressure.
(a) State the name of the instrument.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
15
(b) State what is in space A.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
17 The diagram shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas.
(a) State the name of the device.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The pressure of the gas is 400 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure.
density = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 3]
18 The diagram shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas supply.
16
3
(a) The difference h between the two liquid levels is 2.0 cm. The density of the liquid is 800 kg / m .
Calculate the difference between the pressure of the gas and atmospheric pressure.
pressure difference = .............................................. [2]
(b) A similar device with a tube of smaller cross-sectional area is connected to a gas supply at
the same pressure.
State and explain any effect on the value of h.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
17
19 The diagram shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas supply.
State the name of the device.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
20 A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled with a
liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg.
(a) Calculate
(i) the weight of liquid in the container,
weight = ..................................... [1]
(ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container.
pressure = ..................................... [2]
(b) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated
in (a)(ii).
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
18
(c) The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m.
density = ..................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
21 A bubble of gas forms at a point 5.0 m below the surface of a lake.
As the bubble rises to the surface, the mass of gas in the bubble stays constant. The temperature
of the water in the lake is the same throughout.
Explain why the bubble rises to the surface and why its volume increases as it rises.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
5
22 On a particular day, the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10 Pa. A bubble of gas forms at a point
3
5.0 m below the surface of a lake. The density of water is 1000 kg / m .
Determine
(a) the total pressure at a depth of 5.0 m in the water,
pressure = .............................................. [3]

19
(b) the pressure of the gas in the bubble.
pressure = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 4]
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
20
2
3
force = .............................................. [4]
weight = ............................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
21
density = ............................................................ [2]

3
oil.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]

22
3
the cube.
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
25 The diagram shows a cylinder immersed in a liquid.

23
The upper face of the cylinder is at a depth of 2.7 cm below the surface of the liquid.
The pressure due to the liquid at the upper face of the cylinder is 560 Pa.
(a) Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain why the cylinder does not float in this liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
24
26 The diagram shows the brake pedal of a vehicle.
The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the brakes.
-4 2 2
The area of the piston in the cylinder is 6.5 × 10 m (0.00065 m ). The pressure increase in the
5
oil is 5.0 × 10 Pa (500 000 Pa).
Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal.
force = ........................................................... [4]
[Total: 4]
25
27 In the braking system of a car, the brake pedal rotates about a pivot when the pedal is pressed.
The diagram shows part of the braking system.
The driver exerts a force of 200 N on the pedal at a distance 22 cm from the pivot. As the pedal
rotates about the pivot, a force is exerted on the piston and the pressure of the oil increases.
-4 2 2
The area of the piston in the cylinder is 5.0 x 10 m (0.00050 m ).
Calculate the increase in the pressure of the oil.
increase in pressure = .................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]

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9TH – IG PHYSICS ( 0625 )

1.3 Mass and weight

1.7 Energy, work and power

1.1 Length and time

speed = distance ÷ time

Time (s) Time (s)

MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg

WEIGHT: 735 N WEIGHT: 122 N WEIGHT: 277 N

1.3 Mass and weight

Copyright © UCLES 2017

1.5.1 Effects of forces 1.5.2 Turning effect

Forces and mass

1.5.3 Conditions for equilibrium 1.5.4 Centre of mass

1.5.5 Scalars and vectors 1.6 Momentum

1.7.3 Work 1.7.4 Power

low pressure pressure

Copyright © UCLES 2017

metal block metal block

What is the volume of the piece of plastic?

What is the average period of the pendulum?

A 1.69 s B 1.70 s C 1.71 s D 1.72 s

When the student starts the stopwatch the bubble is at position P.

After 2.0 s the bubble is at position Q.

What is the speed of the bubble between P and Q?

A 3.2 cm / s B 3.7 cm / s C 6.4 cm / s D 7.4 cm / s

Which instruments are used?

to determine the to measure the

5 The diagram shows a stopwatch, originally set at 00:00.

How long did the car take to reach the observer?

6 A student investigates the density of three different liquids.

Name the container shown in the figure.

The student records the length of the wire as 12.8 cm.

State two errors in the student’s measurement of the length of wire.

8 A student has a stack of 20 identical coins.

Suggest two reasons why the student’s measurement is inaccurate.

9 A student has a stack of 20 identical coins.

Calculate the average thickness of one coin.

thickness = ....................................................... cm [2]

10 In the past, burning candles were used as timers.

start of the experiment end of the experiment

(a) Use the figure to complete the table.

time at start of the experiment

time at end of the experiment

time for which the candle was .................. hours ..................minutes

Calculate the rate, in cm / hour, at which the candle burns.

rate = .............................................. cm / hour [2]

11 In the past, burning candles were used as timers.

start of the experiment end of the experiment

Calculate the volume of candle at the start of the experiment.

12 A student hangs a spring vertically from a hook, as shown in the figure.

The timing instrument is known to work correctly.

Calculate the depth of the pool.

depth = .............................................. [3]

density = .............................................. [2]

pressure = .............................................. [2]

The graph is the speed-time graph of her fall.

3 The diagram shows a trolley travelling down a ramp.

The diagram shows a section of the tape.

Describe and explain the change in motion of the trolley.

The graph is the speed-time graph of her fall.

5 A trolley is released from the top of a ramp.

The graph is the speed–time graph for this trolley.

distance = .............................................. [2]