SECTION 1

4 Mechanics
Motion, 1
forces and energy

13:03
Distance, speed and time

1.1 Length and time

speed = distance ÷ time

Speed (m/s)
GRADIENT =
ACCELERATION

Distance (m)
Braking distances
AREA = DISTANCE GRADIENT = SPEED

Time (s) Time (s)

1.2 Motion

1.23
Measuring volume

MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg MASS: 75 kg

WEIGHT: 735 N WEIGHT: 122 N WEIGHT: 277 N

W = mg

1.3 Mass and weight

d
m
ρ=
V
Mass and density h
WATER
displacement 1 g/cm3
beaker w

1.4 Density

Copyright © UCLES 2017

 8 SECTION 1
Mechanics
Motion, 2
forces and energy

moment
Forces 1m 1m
balanced – constant speed
force × distance
F = kx 10 N 5N
resultant Balanced forces
unbalanced – accelerating newtons metres

1.5.1 Effects of forces 1.5.2 Turning effect

Forces and mass

10 N 10 N
1m 1m

10 N 10 N
balanced forces

1.5.3 Conditions for equilibrium 1.5.4 Centre of mass

v
scalar vector m m
13 :0 3
v
time acceleration Velocity m m
volume velocity
speed force p = mv

1.5.5 Scalars and vectors 1.6 Momentum

P = ∆E/t
W = fd
N
Work and power
fd = ∆E
N
m power = change in energy ÷ time

1.7.3 Work 1.7.4 Power

low pressure pressure

large force
large area
p = f/a
high pressure
large force p = hρg
small area

1.8 Pressure

Copyright © UCLES 2017

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 3 1
A - 10 cm

2 1
C - 1.71 s

3 1
B - 3.7 cm / s

4 B 1

5 1
C - 66 seconds

6 measuring OR graduated B1
cylinder

7 any two from: B2

- wire not starting at 0 cm
- wire not straight
- wire away from / not close to
rule

8 any two from: B2

- gap between ruler and stack
- eye not perpendicular/ level
with top of stack
- zero error of ruler

9 7.7 ÷ 20 C1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

0.385 (cm) OR 0.39 (cm) A1

10(a) time of burning: 2 hours 15 B1

minutes

2.25 hours B1 accept 2 hours

10(b) (speed = ) distance÷time in any C1 ecf from (a)

form:
symbols, words, numbers

0.8(0) cm / hour A1 ecf from (a)

10(c) correct deduction from B1

candidate’s (b)

correct reasoning from B1

candidate’s (b)
e.g. 24 cm candle would burn for
30 h
OR 19.2 cm will burn in 24 h
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11 volume = length × C1
cross-sectional area
words, symbols or numbers

3
8.0 A1 accept 8 (cm )

12 rule alongside spring B1

set zero at one end and read B1

scale at other end
OR take scale reading at each
end and subtract

extra valid detail, e.g. rule close B1

to and parallel with spring, use
of marker/setsquare, eye level
with reading etc.

13 reaction time owtte OR delay in B1

hearing sound

14(a) measuring cylinder / graduated B1

cylinder
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(b) balance B1 accept spring balance

accept (weighing)
scales

14(c) find mass of empty cylinder B1

find mass of cylinder liquid B1

subtract values B1 NOT if stated the

wrong way round
accept valid alternative
methods

15(a) 3 points correctly plotted to ½ B2

square

15(b) (vertical) spacing not uniform / B1

equal OR points not on a
straight line OR points do not
line up OR difference in
gradients between points

16 tape measure 1

2
17(a) (A = 44 × 20 =) 880 (m ) (1) 3
V = A × depth in any form OR
(d =) V / A (1)
(d = 264 / 880 =) 0.30 m (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(b) ρ = m / V in any form OR 2

(ρ =) m / V (1)
5
(ρ = 2.7 × 10 / 264 =)
3
1020 kg / m (1)

17(c) p = ρgh in any form OR 2

(p =) ρgh (1)
(p = 1020 × 10 × 0.3 =) 3 100 Pa
(1)

[Total: 40]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 it / velocity / speed changes / 2

increases (with time) (1)
it / velocity / speed increases at
constant rate / steadily (1)

2(a) X near (30,60) 1

2(b) Y AND Z near any horizontal 1

section of graph

3(a) same distance travelled in same 1

time / 0.02 s / dots equally
spaced

3(b) trolley accelerates OR 2

trolley increases speed / velocity
(1)
a resultant force is acting on the
trolley (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4 any two from: (2) 4

- weight OR force of / due to
gravity acts down
- (force of / due to) air resistance
/ drag / friction acts up / opposes
motion
- initially / up to 10 s: resultant
force is downward OR
downward force is greater than
upward force
- resultant force causes
acceleration
air resistance increases as
speed increases / she
accelerates
any two from: (2)
- acceleration (down) initially /
for first 10 s
- acceleration decreases as air
resistance increases / resultant
force decreases
- zero acceleration / constant
speed / terminal velocity
reached when upwards force =
downwards force OR when no /
zero resultant OR when forces
balanced OR when downward
force = air resistance
- terminal velocity / constant
speed reached after (about) 10 s
OR at 60 m / s
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5 distance = area under graph 2

stated in any form (1)

(distance = =)
0.19 m (1)

6(a) v = d ÷ t in any form OR 2

(t =) d ÷ v OR
3.9 ÷ 0.3 (1)
(t =) 13 s (1)

6(b) inward arrow labelled F towards 1

centre of circle

7 (average speed =) 2

words, symbols or numbers OR

(average speed =)

words, symbols or numbers

(1)
(average speed = 40 / 2 =)
20 m / s OR
(average speed = 80 / 4 = )
20 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8 any three from : 3

initially velocity increases OR
the metal ball is accelerating OR
(downwards) resultant force
resistance (of liquid) has
increased (as velocity increases)
downwards force (on metal ball)
= upwards force (on metal ball)
(at point X)
(metal ball) travels at constant
velocity / speed

9(a) (a =) (v – u) ÷ t OR 2
(62 – 6.0) ÷ 35 OR
56 ÷ 35 (1)
2
1.6 m / s (1)

9(b) (F =) ma OR 2
Δ p ÷ Δ t OR
5
2.5 × 10 × 1.6 OR
5
(62 × 2.5 × 10 – 6.0 × 2.5 ×
5
10 ) ÷ 35 (1)
5
4.0 × 10 N (1)

9(c) (p =) mv OR 2
5
2.5 × 10 × 6.0 (1)
6
1.5 × 10 kg m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10 curve of decreasing gradient 3

from (0,0) to a point along
dashed line (1)
straight line of positive gradient
after t = 35 s (1)
gradient not zero at t = 35 s OR
no change of gradient (at t =
35 s) (1)

11(a) s = vt in any form OR 3

(s =) vt OR
relates distance to area (under
graph) (1)
5 × 20 ÷ 60 OR
40 × 20 ÷ 60 OR
6 × 22 ÷ 60 (1)
(s = 1.667 + 13.333 + 2.2 =) 17
km (1)

11(b) average speed = candidate’s (a) 2

/ time (1)
(average speed = 17 × 60 / 74
=) 14 km / h (1)

12 gradient (1) 2
(gradient =) change of speed ÷
time (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13 0 (1) 2
(constant) gradient = 0 OR
speed constant (1)

14 rate of change of velocity OR 1

change in speed per unit time / s

15(a) deceleration (1) 2

constant deceleration (1)

15(b) acceleration (1) 2

increasing acceleration (1)

15(c) decreasing speed / velocity OR 1

deceleration

15(d) constant speed 1

16 (a=) Δv / Δt in any form OR 2

(a=) Δv / Δt OR
(a=) 120 / 8 (1)
2
(a) = 15 m / s (1)

17(a) straight line from (0,0) to (8,120) 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(b) (h = A =) ½ × 120 × 8 (1) 2

(h=) 480 m (1)

17(c) rising curve from 8 s to 20 s(1) 3

decreasing gradient from 8 s to
20 s (1)
horizontal from 20 s to 25 s AND
below 200 m / s, AND above
120 m / s (1)

18(a) a = ∆v / ∆t OR 2
a = (v – u) / t in any form words,
symbols or numbers OR
(a =) ∆v / ∆t OR
(a =) (v – u) / t OR
15 (− 0) / 5.0 OR
(a =) gradient (1)
2
3.0 m / s (1)

18(b) (F =) ma in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(F =) ma OR
2300 × 3.0 (1)
6900 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19 accelerating OR 3
speed / velocity increasing (1)
at a decreasing rate OR
acceleration decreasing (1)
gradient (of graph is positive
and) decreasing (1)

20(a) v = d/t OR 3
v = 2d/t in any form (1)

1500 = OR
2d = 1500 × 0.50 (1)
380 m (1)

20(b) distance smaller (first box ticked) 1

AND speed of sound lower (in
air than liquid)

21 change of velocity per unit time 1

OR

22 line starts at origin AND is 3

asymptotic to x-axis (1)
increasing gradient initially AND
no decrease (1)
constant AND clearly positive
gradient finally (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

23 horizontal line starting at t = 2.0 3

min AND at speed = 0
for 1 minute (1)
NOT wrong labels X or
line of constant positive gradient
Y
starting at t >= 2.0 min (1)
for 30 seconds line continuously
rising (1)

24 (average) speed = distance/time 3

OR v = s/t in any form
OR (s =) (average) speed × time
OR v × t
OR area under graph stated or
used (1)
(s = ) 23 × 2/60 (1)
0.77 km (1)
round candidate
response to two sig.
figs.

25 v = gradient OR 2
OR

OR
evidence of use of gradient
(1)
(v =) 1.6 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

26 Q and R: constant velocity / 3

speed (1)
R and S: deceleration / negative
acceleration (1)
S and T: stationary (1)

27 line curves upwards with 1

increasing gradient NOT
vertical

28 (A and B) decreasing 3
acceleration (1)
(B and C) moving forwards at
constant speed (1)
(C and D) constant acceleration
(1)

29 rate of change of speed OR 1

change of speed / time OR
∆v / t OR
(v – u) / t

30 change of distance / change of 2

time OR
(250 – 70) / (30 – 15) OR
180 / 15 (1)
12 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31 total distance ÷ total time OR 2

300 ÷ 40 (1)
7.5 m / s (1)

32 1. acceleration OR 3
increasing speed OR
going faster (1)
2. constant speed OR
steady speed (1)
3. deceleration OR
decreasing speed OR
slowing down (1)

33(a)(i) (4800 / 120 =) 40 m / s 1

33(a)(ii) (v =) gradient of any part of 2

straight line (1)
value between 50 and 60 m / s
(1)

33(a)(iii) at t = 20 s, acceleration > zero / 2

acceleration is taking place /
greater acceleration than at
100 s (1)
at t = 100 s, acceleration = zero
/ 0 (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5
33(b)(i) (F =) ma OR 5.6 × 10 × 0.75 2
(1)
5
4.2 × 10 N (1)

33(b)(ii) speed / velocity decreases (with 1

time) OR slowing down
OR negative acceleration
OR rate of decrease of speed /
velocity

2
34(a) 0 (m / s ) 1

4
34(b) 1.4 × 10 N 1

35 gradient decreasing (1) 3

smooth transition to horizontal
AND line not too thick (1)
horizontal to (60 s, 400 m) (1)

36(a) (v =) gradient OR 150 / 30 OR 2

appropriate division using other
points (1)
5.0 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

36(b) (v =) x / t OR 2
(300 – 150) / (45 – 30) OR
150 / 15 (1)
10 m / s (1)

37 P marked on line between t = 0 s 1

and t = 30 s

38 (v =) gradient OR 2
1800 / 60 OR
900 / 30 (1)
30 m / s (1)

39 (v = ) d / t OR 2
(average speed =) d / t OR
(2700 – 1800) / (120 – 60) =
900 / 60 (1)
(v =) 15 m / s (1)

40 speed / velocity decreases (with 2

time) or negative acceleration or
deceleration (1)
to zero (speed) / stationary (1)

[Total: 116]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 area under graph (1) 3

distance = (20 × 40) + (½ × 40
× 10) OR ½ × (30 + 20) × 40
(1)
1000 m (1)

2 mention of gradient of graph at 2

t = 30 s OR tangent drawn at t =
30 s and triangle drawn (1)
acceleration in range 0.30 to
2
0.45 m / s (1)

3 area under graph OR (distance 3

=) average speed × time (1)
4550 × 100 OR (4100 + 5000)
÷ 2 × 100 (1)
5
4.5/4.55/4.6 × 10 m (1)

4(a) gradient changes OR graph is 1

curved

4(b) mass of space rocket decreases 1

OR gravitational field strength
decreases
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5 acceleration less/at a slower rate 3

(1)
less driving force OR greater
resistive force/friction/air
resistance/drag (1)
resultant force less (1)

6(a) straight line down from any point 2

on y-axis to any speed at 100 s
(1)
from (0,50) to (100,15) (1)

6(b) uses area under graph OR av 3

2
speed × time OR s=ut + ½ at
2 2
OR v =u + 2as (1)
100 × (50 + 15) ÷ 2 OR 100 ×
15 + ½ (100 × 35) OR 5000 – ½
2
× 0.35 × 100 (1)
3300 m (1)

7 tangent on graph OR gradient 3

OR (a =) ∆v ÷ ∆t or (v – u) ÷ t
(1)
not gradient
gradient increases (1)
decreases
values from tangent or line 13 to
2
14 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(a) 1. straight line from (0,0) to 2

(10,50) (1)
2. gradient/slope (1)

8(b) a = Δv ÷ Δt in any form OR 2 Δ or change in t must

(a=) Δv ÷ Δt OR be seen
(a =) (9–5) ÷ 10 OR
4 ÷ 10 (1)
2
( a =) 0.40 m / s (1)

9 towards the centre of the circle 2

/ inwards (1)
velocity is (continually) changing
its direction (1)

10 rate of change of velocity OR 1

change of velocity / time OR
change of velocity over time OR
(v – u)/t
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11 straight line from origin to 5

(15, 28) (1)
horizontal line {from (15, 28)} to
(32, 28) (1)
a = (v – u) / t
OR (t =) (v – u) / a
OR (0 – 28) / 2.0 (1)
= 14 (s) (1)
straight line from (32, 28) to
(46, 0) (1)

12 v = d / t or 2 d / t in any form 3
d = v t / 2 OR
8
3.0 × 10 × 2.56 / 2
8
3.84 × 10 m OR
5
3.84 × 10 km

13(a)(i) distance = area under graph OR 2

0.5 × 20 × 13
130 m

13(a)(ii) (a =) (v − u) / t OR 2
(a =) v / t OR
13 / 20
2
0.65 m / s
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13(a)(iii) (F =) ma OR 2
1200 × 0.65
= 780 N

13(b) acceleration decreases OR 1

rate of increase of speed
decreases OR
speed increases at a lower
rate

14(a) F = m a in any form OR 2

(a =) F / m OR
(a =) 3500 / 1400
2
(a =) 2.5 m / s

14(b) a = (v − u) / t in any form OR 2

(t =) (v − u) / a OR
(t =) (30 − 0) / 2.5 OR
30 / 2.5
(t =) 12 s

14(c) friction / air resistance / drag 1

15(a) decrease of velocity / speed OR 1

slows / slowing down
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(b)(i) area under graph OR 2

½ (u + v)t OR
½ × (11 + 5) × 3 OR
½(6 × 3) + (3 × 5)
24 m

15(b)(ii) (a =) OR 2
(v-u) / t OR
(5 - 11) / (6 - 3)
2
2.0 m / s

15(c)(i) (deceleration) decreases 1

15(c)(ii) (resultant force) decreases 1

16(a) straight line and non-zero 1

gradient

16(b) scale ≥ 1 cm: 1 m / s 4

two arrows/lines and correct
resultant OR
rectangle and correct diagonal
(towards bottom left)
7.2→7.6 m / s
26.0° ≤ angle below E–W
≤ 30.5° OR
239.5° ≤ bearing ≤ 244°
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(a) (v =) at OR 2
2.2 x 3.0
6.6 m / s

17(b) 3.3 m / s 1

17(c) curve/line starts at origin 3

initial gradient zero OR
curve passing through (3.0,
9.9)
gradient increasing (with time)

[Total: 66]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 any two from: (2) 4

- weight OR force of / due to
gravity acts down
- (force of / due to) air resistance
/ drag / friction acts up / opposes
motion
- initially / up to 10 s: resultant
force is downward OR
downward force is greater than
upward force
- resultant force causes
acceleration
air resistance increases as
speed increases / she
accelerates
any two from: (2)
- acceleration (down) initially /
for first 10 s
- acceleration decreases as air
resistance increases / resultant
force decreases
- zero acceleration / constant
speed / terminal velocity
reached when upwards force =
downwards force OR when no /
zero resultant OR when forces
balanced OR when downward
force = air resistance
- terminal velocity / constant
speed reached after (about) 10 s
OR at 60 m / s

2(a) 0.80 N 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2(b) (moment = force × distance =) 2

0.8 × 0.25 (1)
(moment =) 0.20 N m (1)

2(c) same value as (b) with correct 1

unit

2(d) F × 0.75 = 0.20 in any form OR 2

(F =) 0.2 / 0.75 (1)
(F = 0.2 / 0.75 =) 0.27 N (1)

3(a) total mass of passengers = 73 2

× 65 (kg) OR
4700 kg (1)
(total mass of bus, driver and 73
passengers) = 21 000 kg (1)

3(b) (F =) ma in any form (1) 2

(F =) 15 000 N (1)

4(a) (W =) mg OR 2
3
3.4 × 10 × 10 (1)
4
3.4 × 10 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(b)(i) moment = Fx in any form OR 3

(moment) = Fx OR
0.50 (seen) (1)
4
3.4 × 10 × (1.8 – 1.3) OR
4
3.4 × 10 × 0.50 (1)
4
1.7 × 10 N m (1)

4(b)(ii) (the point) where (all) the mass 1

can be considered to be
concentrated

4
4(b)(iii) 1.7 × 10 / (1.3 + 0.70) OR 2
4
1.7 × 10 / (2.0) (1)
3
8.5 × 10 N (1)

4(c) (moment / it) increases (1) 2

perpendicular distance (between
P and line of action of) W
increases (1)

5(a)(i) W = (4.8 × 10 =) 48 N 1

5(a)(ii) (P=) F ÷ A OR 48 ÷ (0.12 × 0.16) 2

(1)
2500 Pa (1)

5(b) atmospheric pressure (in 1

addition to liquid pressure)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(c) P = hdg or in words OR (d=) P 2

÷ hg OR 2500 ÷ (0.32 × 10) OR
d = M ÷ V = 4.8 ÷ (0.12 × 0.16 ×
0.32) (1)
3
780 kg / m (1)

6(a) gradient changes OR graph is 1

curved

6(b) mass of space rocket decreases 1

OR gravitational field strength
decreases

7(a) average/overall/combined 1
density (of the metal and air
contained) less (than density of
sea water)

7(b) (P =) h × ρ × g OR (V=) A × l 4
in any form (1)
(P= 1.2 × 1020 × 10 =) 12 000
(Pa) OR (V= 0.8 × 1.2 = ) 0.96
3
(m ) (1)
P = F ÷ A OR (F =) P × A OR (W
=) V × ρ × g (1)
(F = 12240 × 0.80 =) 9800 N OR
(F = W = ) 9800 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

7(c) same numerical answer as (b) 2

(1)
resultant/net (vertical) force = 0
OR downward force = upward
force OR forces are balanced
(1)

8(a) ρ = m / V in any form OR 2

(m =) ρ V OR
-5
(m =) 9000 × 7.5 × 10
allow 680 g
0.68 kg

8(b)(i) W = m g in any form OR 2

(W =) m g OR
(W =) 0.68 × 10
(W =) 6.8 N

8(b)(ii) any one of: 1

weight has direction / mass does
not
weight is a vector / mass is not
weight varies / mass does not
mass is amount of matter
weight is a force / mass is not

9(a) (measure of) quantity / amount 1

of matter OR
(property) that resists change in
motion / speed / momentum OR
measure of a body’s inertia
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9(b)(i) d = m / V OR 2
in words OR
3
0.44 / 0.080 OR
-4
0.44 / 5.12 × 10 OR
3
440 / 8 OR
440 / 512 OR
3
0.44 /8 OR
0.44 / 512
3
0.86 g / cm OR
3
860 kg / m OR
-4 3
8.6 × 10 kg / cm

9(b)(ii) sinks OR 1
does not float AND (cube)
denser (than oil)

9(c)(i) W = mg OR 2
(g =) W / m OR
0.70 / 0.44
1.6 N / kg

9(c)(ii) (P =) hdg OR 2
0.030 × 850 × 1.6
41 Pa

10(a)(i) (weight is) force/pull of gravity 1

(acting on an object)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(a)(ii) mass x acceleration due to 2

gravity OR
mg OR
350 × 7.5
2600 N

10(b) (ρ =) m / V in any form 4

3
0.27 (kg / m ) OR
3
(g / m )
balloon moves/floats up
(floats when) density of balloon
less than density of atmosphere
OR
(sinks when) density of balloon
greater than atmosphere
OR
(ρ =) m / V in any form
110 g
balloon rises
(floats when) mass/weight of
balloon less than mass/weight
of atmosphere (of same volume
as balloon) OR
(sinks when) mass/weight of
balloon greater than
mass/weight of atmosphere (of
same volume as balloon)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11 column 1 box 3 mass same 3

column 2 box 4 weight 1/6
column 3 box 3 deceleration
same

[Total: 62]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 V (= 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.4) = 0.036 3

3
(m ) (1)
ρ = m / V in any form OR
(m =) ρV OR
1020 × 0.036 (1)
(m =) 37 kg (1)

2 ρ = m / V in any form OR 2
(V =) m / ρ OR
(V =) 7.5 / 1.3 (1)
3
(V = 7.5 / 1.3 =) 5.8 m (1)

2
3(a) (A = 44 × 20 =) 880 (m ) (1) 3
V = A × depth in any form OR
(d =) V / A (1)
(d = 264 / 880 =) 0.30 m (1)

3(b) ρ = m / V in any form OR 2

(ρ =) m / V (1)
5
(ρ = 2.7 × 10 / 264 =)
3
1020 kg / m (1)

3(c) p = ρgh in any form OR 2

(p =) ρgh (1)
(p = 1020 × 10 × 0.3 =) 3 100 Pa
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(a) d = m / V in any form, symbols 2

or words OR
24 000 × 1.3 (1)
31 000 kg (1)

2
4(b) KE = ½ mv OR 2
2
½ × 31 200 × 16 (1)
6
4.0 × 10 J (1)

2
5 (volume =) πr h OR 4
2
π (0.035 ) × 0.12 OR
–4 3
4.62 × 10 (m ) (1)
ρ = m / V in any form OR
(m =) ρV (1)
–4
(mass = 900 × 4.62 × 10 =)
0.41 (kg) (1)
0.66 kg OR
250 g OR
0.25 kg correctly added to
previous result (1)

6 (m =) ρ V OR 3
2
ρ πr l OR
2
ρ πd l / 4 OR
in numbers (1)
(W =) ρVg OR
2
ρπr l g OR
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2
ρ πd l g / 4 OR
in numbers (1)
84 N (1)

7 mass = 0.25 (kg) OR 3

ρ = m / V (1)
2
volume =(π × 0.03 × 0.1 =
–4 3
2.8 × 10 (m )) (1)
–4
density = (0.25 / 2.8 × 10 ) =
3
890 kg / m (1)
OR
mass = 250 (g) OR
ρ = m / V (1)
2
volume = (π × 3 × 10 =)
3
280 cm (1)
density = (250 / 280 =)
3
0.89 g / cm (1)
OR
ρ = F / A = hρg (1)
ρ = F / Ahg OR
2
2.5 / π × 0.03 × 0.1 × 10 (1)
3
= 890 kg / m (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8 (rises because) density of gas 3

is less than density of OR
resultant upward force on bubble
(1)
(as bubble rises) pressure (of
gas in bubble) decreases (1)
(volume of bubble increases
because) p × V = constant OR
V ∝ 1 ÷ p (1)

9(a) average/overall/combined 1
density (of the metal and air
contained) less (than density of
sea water)

9(b) (P =) h × ρ × g OR (V=) A × l 4
in any form (1)
(P= 1.2 × 1020 × 10 =) 12 000
(Pa) OR (V= 0.8 × 1.2 = ) 0.96
3
(m ) (1)
P = F ÷ A OR (F =) P × A OR (W
=) V × ρ × g (1)
(F = 12240 × 0.80 =) 9800 N OR
(F = W = ) 9800 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9(c) same numerical answer as (b) 2

(1)
resultant/net (vertical) force = 0
OR downward force = upward
force OR forces are balanced
(1)

10(a) ρ = m / V in any form OR 2

(m =) ρ V OR
-5
(m =) 9000 × 7.5 × 10
allow 680 g
0.68 kg

10(b)(i) W = m g in any form OR 2

(W =) m g OR
(W =) 0.68 × 10
(W =) 6.8 N

10(b)(ii) any one of: 1

weight has direction / mass does
not
weight is a vector / mass is not
weight varies / mass does not
mass is amount of matter
weight is a force / mass is not

11(a) (measure of) quantity / amount 1

of matter OR
(property) that resists change in
motion / speed / momentum OR
measure of a body’s inertia
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(b)(i) d = m / V OR 2
in words OR
3
0.44 / 0.080 OR
-4
0.44 / 5.12 × 10 OR
3
440 / 8 OR
440 / 512 OR
3
0.44 /8 OR
0.44 / 512
3
0.86 g / cm OR
3
860 kg / m OR
-4 3
8.6 × 10 kg / cm

11(b)(ii) sinks OR 1
does not float AND (cube)
denser (than oil)

11(c)(i) W = mg OR 2
(g =) W / m OR
0.70 / 0.44
1.6 N / kg

11(c)(ii) (P =) hdg OR 2
0.030 × 850 × 1.6
41 Pa

12(a) p = h ρ g in any form OR 2

(p =) 560 / (0.027 × 10)
3 3
(p =) 2.1 × 10 kg / m
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(b) explains why there is a resultant 1

downward force

13(a)(i) (weight is) force/pull of gravity 1

(acting on an object)

13(a)(ii) mass x acceleration due to 2

gravity OR
mg OR
350 × 7.5
2600 N
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13(b) (ρ =) m / V in any form 4

3
0.27 (kg / m ) OR
3
(g / m )
balloon moves/floats up
(floats when) density of balloon
less than density of atmosphere
OR
(sinks when) density of balloon
greater than atmosphere
OR
(ρ =) m / V in any form
110 g
balloon rises
(floats when) mass/weight of
balloon less than mass/weight
of atmosphere (of same volume
as balloon) OR
(sinks when) mass/weight of
balloon greater than
mass/weight of atmosphere (of
same volume as balloon)

14(a) ( ρ =) OR 2

180 ÷ 210 OR
0.18 ÷ 210
3
0.86 g / cm
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(b) floats OR 2
words to the same effect
density of wood is less than
density of liquid

[Total: 63]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a) same distance travelled in same 1

time / 0.02 s / dots equally
spaced

1(b) trolley accelerates OR 2

trolley increases speed / velocity
(1)
a resultant force is acting on the
trolley (1)

2 any three from: 3

(initial) acceleration caused by
weight / force of gravity
acceleration decreases
drag / resistance force increases
(with speed)
(finally / at terminal velocity) no
acceleration / constant speed
(finally / at terminal velocity) no
resultant force
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 any two from: (2) 4

- weight OR force of / due to
gravity acts down
- (force of / due to) air resistance
/ drag / friction acts up / opposes
motion
- initially / up to 10 s: resultant
force is downward OR
downward force is greater than
upward force
- resultant force causes
acceleration
air resistance increases as
speed increases / she
accelerates
any two from: (2)
- acceleration (down) initially /
for first 10 s
- acceleration decreases as air
resistance increases / resultant
force decreases
- zero acceleration / constant
speed / terminal velocity
reached when upwards force =
downwards force OR when no /
zero resultant OR when forces
balanced OR when downward
force = air resistance
- terminal velocity / constant
speed reached after (about) 10 s
OR at 60 m / s
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(a) frictional / inward force / 1

resultant force insufficient (at
higher speed)

4(b) tangential arrow at P in either 1

direction, labelled S

5(a) v = d ÷ t in any form OR 2

(t =) d ÷ v OR
3.9 ÷ 0.3 (1)
(t =) 13 s (1)

5(b) inward arrow labelled F towards 1

centre of circle

6(a) 0.80 N 1

6(b) (moment = force × distance =) 2

0.8 × 0.25 (1)
(moment =) 0.20 N m (1)

6(c) same value as (b) with correct 1

unit

6(d) F × 0.75 = 0.20 in any form OR 2

(F =) 0.2 / 0.75 (1)
(F = 0.2 / 0.75 =) 0.27 N (1)

7 one other scalar quantity 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8 one other vector quantity 1

9 any three from : 3

initially velocity increases OR
the metal ball is accelerating OR
(downwards) resultant force
resistance (of liquid) has
increased (as velocity increases)
downwards force (on metal ball)
= upwards force (on metal ball)
(at point X)
(metal ball) travels at constant
velocity / speed

10 (perpendicular) distance (from 2

pivot) of F decreases / is less
(than 0.75 m) OR
(perpendicular) distance (from
pivot) of W increases / is more
(than 0.75 m) (1)
(so) increased / greater (force
F) (needed for greater moment)
(1)

11 force × perpendicular distance 1

(from point)

12(a) (a =) (v – u) ÷ t OR 2
(62 – 6.0) ÷ 35 OR
56 ÷ 35 (1)
2
1.6 m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(b) (F =) ma OR 2
Δ p ÷ Δ t OR
5
2.5 × 10 × 1.6 OR
5
(62 × 2.5 × 10 – 6.0 × 2.5 ×
5
10 ) ÷ 35 (1)
5
4.0 × 10 N (1)

12(c) (p =) mv OR 2
5
2.5 × 10 × 6.0 (1)
6
1.5 × 10 kg m / s (1)

13(a) ( k =) F / x OR 2
8.0 ÷ 0.15 (1)
53 N / m OR
0.53 N / cm (1)

13(b)(i) elastic potential (energy) 1

13(b)(ii) 15 cm 1

13(b)(iii) 7.5 cm OR 1
(b)(ii) ÷ 2

14 0 (N) AND 8.0 N 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15 bus more likely to fall over / 2

topple / less stable (1)
(line of action of) centre of mass
may fall outside (the base of) the
bus (1)

16 reduces drag / air resistance 1

(experienced by the train) / more
streamlined

17(a) less drag / air resistance (at 1

slower speeds)

17(b) (maximum) friction (force) 1

between rails and train reduced
/ train may slide

18(a) total mass of passengers = 73 2

× 65 (kg) OR
4700 kg (1)
(total mass of bus, driver and 73
passengers) = 21 000 kg (1)

18(b) (F =) ma in any form (1) 2

(F =) 15 000 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19 line of action of the centre of 1

mass falls outside the base of
the bus OR
anticlockwise moment is greater
than clockwise moment

20 F= ma in any form OR 2
(F =) ma OR
71 × 6.4 (1)
(F=) 450 N (1)

21 no resultant force OR 2
forces are balanced OR
all forces in opposite directions
are equal OR
forces cancel (1)
no resultant moment / torque /
turning effect OR
(sum of) clockwise moment(s) =
(sum of) anticlockwise
moment(s) (1)

22 extension AND tension / force / 2

load mentioned (1)
extension is directly proportional
to tension / force / load (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

23(a) 1. down arrow labelled W at 2

dashed line on 50 cm mark (1)
2. up arrow labelled R at pivot
(1)

23(b) expression / evaluation for one 4

correct moment seen (1)
expressions / evaluation for all
correct moments seen (1)
equation seen relating correct
expressions / evaluations for
moments:
moment of 0.5 N + moment F =
moment of W OR
90 F = 43 OR
0.9F = 0.43 (1)
(F = 43 / 90 OR 0.43 / 0.9 =)
0.48 N (1)

23(c) upwards force = downwards 2

force (1)
(R =) 1.2 N (1)

24(a) 260 N 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(b) k = F / x in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(k =) F / x OR
260 / (0.94 – 0.63) OR
260 / 0.31 (1)
840 N / m (1)

25 any two from: 2

shape
size/ volume / length / density /
any linear dimension
direction (of motion) / speed /
velocity / momentum / kinetic
energy / acceleration

26 air resistance OR 2
friction mentioned OR
resistive force (1)
air resistance / friction / resistive
force increases (with speed)
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27(a) a = ∆v / ∆t OR 2
a = (v – u) / t in any form words,
symbols or numbers OR
(a =) ∆v / ∆t OR
(a =) (v – u) / t OR
15 (− 0) / 5.0 OR
(a =) gradient (1)
2
3.0 m / s (1)

27(b) (F =) ma in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(F =) ma OR
2300 × 3.0 (1)
6900 N (1)

28(a) statement: (acceleration is) to 2

right/backward (1)
explanation: force (from water /
on model) to right /backwards
OR acceleration in same
direction as force (from water /
on model) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

28(b) statement: (acceleration) more 3

(when empty) (1)
explanation: mass less (and
force is constant) (1)
meaningful reference to F=ma /
Newton’s 2nd law / change in
momentum (1)

29(a) (W =) mg OR 2
3
3.4 × 10 × 10 (1)
4
3.4 × 10 N (1)

29(b)(i) moment = Fx in any form OR 3

(moment) = Fx OR
0.50 (seen) (1)
4
3.4 × 10 × (1.8 – 1.3) OR
4
3.4 × 10 × 0.50 (1)
4
1.7 × 10 N m (1)

29(b)(ii) (the point) where (all) the mass 1

can be considered to be
concentrated

4
29(b)(iii) 1.7 × 10 / (1.3 + 0.70) OR 2
4
1.7 × 10 / (2.0) (1)
3
8.5 × 10 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29(c) (moment / it) increases (1) 2

perpendicular distance (between
P and line of action of) W
increases (1)

30 accelerate or increase speed 2

OR
decelerate or decrease speed
OR
change speed (1)
change direction OR
causes rotation (1)

31 sensible scale stated (1) 5

T vectors, labelled T or with
arrow, both of same length,
drawn at right angles (any
orientation) (1)
triangle or parallelogram
completed using candidate’s T
vectors (1)
correct orientation vector
diagram with 360 N vector
vertical (1)
T value stated: 250 or 260 N
(1)

32(a)(i) (4800 / 120 =) 40 m / s 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

32(a)(ii) (v =) gradient of any part of 2

straight line (1)
value between 50 and 60 m / s
(1)

32(a)(iii) at t = 20 s, acceleration > zero / 2

acceleration is taking place /
greater acceleration than at
100 s (1)
at t = 100 s, acceleration = zero
/ 0 (1)

5
32(b)(i) (F =) ma OR 5.6 × 10 × 0.75 2
(1)
5
4.2 × 10 N (1)

32(b)(ii) speed / velocity decreases (with 1

time) OR slowing down
OR negative acceleration
OR rate of decrease of speed /
velocity

33(a) P × 1.5 1

33(b)(i) (W × 1.0 OR 210 × 1.0 =) 1

210 N m
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

33(b)(ii) P × 1.5 = 210 OR P = 210 / 1.5 2

(1)
140 N (1)

33(b)(iii) P + Q = 210 2
OR 140 + Q = 210
OR Q × 1.5 = 210 × 0.5
OR Q = 210 × 0.5 / 1.5
OR P × 0.5 = Q (1)
Q = 70 N (1)

2
34(a) 0 (m / s ) 1

4
34(b) 1.4 × 10 N 1

st
35 1 box: force (1) 2
nd
2 box: impulse (1)

36 attractive forces between 2

atoms/molecules (in the rock)
OR energy/work to separate
atoms/molecules (1)
force (applied must be large
enough) to overcome forces
between atoms/molecules OR
work/energy (large) enough to
separate atoms/molecules (1)

37(a) centre of mass 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

37(b) (mass =) 160 / 10 = 16 kg 1

38 towards the centre of the circle 2

/ inwards (1)
velocity is (continually) changing
its direction (1)

39 ...(the) force × its perpendicular 1

distance from pivot / a point

40 (not moving up or down 4

because) no resultant (vertical)
force
OR upward force = downward
force (1)
80 N + 80 N = 160 N (1)
(not rotating because) no
resultant moment (about any
point)
OR (sum of) clockwise moments
= (sum of) anticlockwise
moments (1)
clockwise moment (about
centre) = 80 × 1.2
anticlockwise moment (about
centre) = 80 × 1.2 (1)

[Total: 127]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a)(i) (4800 / 120 =) 40 m / s 1

1(a)(ii) (v =) gradient of any part of 2

straight line (1)
value between 50 and 60 m / s
(1)

1(a)(iii) at t = 20 s, acceleration > zero / 2

acceleration is taking place /
greater acceleration than at
100 s (1)
at t = 100 s, acceleration = zero
/ 0 (1)

5
1(b)(i) (F =) ma OR 5.6 × 10 × 0.75 2
(1)
5
4.2 × 10 N (1)

1(b)(ii) speed / velocity decreases (with 1

time) OR slowing down
OR negative acceleration
OR rate of decrease of speed /
velocity

2(a) P × 1.5 1

2(b)(i) (W × 1.0 OR 210 × 1.0 =) 1

210 N m
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2(b)(ii) P × 1.5 = 210 OR P = 210 / 1.5 2

(1)
140 N (1)

2(b)(iii) P + Q = 210 2
OR 140 + Q = 210
OR Q × 1.5 = 210 × 0.5
OR Q = 210 × 0.5 / 1.5
OR P × 0.5 = Q (1)
Q = 70 N (1)

2
3(a) 0 (m / s ) 1

4
3(b) 1.4 × 10 N 1

st
4 1 box: force (1) 2
nd
2 box: impulse (1)

5 attractive forces between 2

atoms/molecules (in the rock)
OR energy/work to separate
atoms/molecules (1)
force (applied must be large
enough) to overcome forces
between atoms/molecules OR
work/energy (large) enough to
separate atoms/molecules (1)

6(a) centre of mass 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(b) (mass =) 160 / 10 = 16 kg 1

7 towards the centre of the circle 2

/ inwards (1)
velocity is (continually) changing
its direction (1)

8 ...(the) force × its perpendicular 1

distance from pivot / a point

9 (not moving up or down 4

because) no resultant (vertical)
force
OR upward force = downward
force (1)
80 N + 80 N = 160 N (1)
(not rotating because) no
resultant moment (about any
point)
OR (sum of) clockwise moments
= (sum of) anticlockwise
moments (1)
clockwise moment (about
centre) = 80 × 1.2
anticlockwise moment (about
centre) = 80 × 1.2 (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(a) accelerate / increase speed OR 2

decelerate / decrease speed OR
stop
change direction / move in a
curve o.w.t.t.e.

10(b) change of shape OR 1

size

11(a)(i) distance = area under graph OR 2

0.5 × 20 × 13
130 m

11(a)(ii) (a =) (v − u) / t OR 2
(a =) v / t OR
13 / 20
2
0.65 m / s

11(a)(iii) (F =) ma OR 2
1200 × 0.65
= 780 N

11(b) acceleration decreases OR 1

rate of increase of speed
decreases OR
speed increases at a lower
rate
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(a) extension of a spring is (directly) 1

proportional to load / force /
weight OR
F = ke where e is extension

12(b)(i) straight line drawn from origin to 1

(64 mm, 120 N)

12(b)(ii) F = ke in any form OR 2

120 / 64 OR
120 / 6.4 OR
120 / 0.064
c.a.o. 1.9 N / mm OR
19 N / cm OR
1900 N / m

12(c) above 120 N / at 140 N, the 2

spring does not obey Hooke’s
law OR
the extension is not proportional
to the load / weight / force
the elastic limit / limit of
proportionality of the spring has
been exceeded

13(a) F = m a in any form OR 2

(a =) F / m OR
(a =) 3500 / 1400
2
(a =) 2.5 m / s
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13(b) a = (v − u) / t in any form OR 2

(t =) (v − u) / a OR
(t =) (30 − 0) / 2.5 OR
30 / 2.5
(t =) 12 s

13(c) friction / air resistance / drag 1

14(a) decrease of velocity / speed OR 1

slows / slowing down

14(b)(i) area under graph OR 2

½ (u + v)t OR
½ × (11 + 5) × 3 OR
½(6 × 3) + (3 × 5)
24 m

14(b)(ii) (a =) OR 2
(v-u) / t OR
(5 - 11) / (6 - 3)
2
2.0 m / s

14(c)(i) (deceleration) decreases 1

14(c)(ii) (resultant force) decreases 1

15(a) straight line and non-zero 1

gradient
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(b) scale ≥ 1 cm: 1 m / s 4

two arrows/lines and correct
resultant OR
rectangle and correct diagonal
(towards bottom left)
7.2→7.6 m / s
26.0° ≤ angle below E–W
≤ 30.5° OR
239.5° ≤ bearing ≤ 244°

16(a) (a scalar) does not have 1

direction

16(b) energy and temperature 1

17 force and impulse underlined 1

[Total: 65]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a) (p =) mv (in any form) OR 2

0.16 × 15 (1)
2.4 kg m / s (1)

1(b)(i) 3.0 N s AND at 45° to the 1

original direction

1(b)(ii) vector triangle / parallelogram 4

drawn (1)
scale indicated OR
correct triangle / parallelogram
(1)
4.8 kg m / s ≤ magnitude ≤
5.2 kg m / s (1)
22° (to original direction) ≤
direction ≤ 28° (to original
direction) (1)

2(a) PE lost = KE gained in any form 3

(1)
2
v = 2gh OR
0.16 × 10 × 115 = 0.5 × 0.16 ×
2
v (1)
(speed =) 48 m / s (1)

2(b) momentum = mv (1) 2

(momentum=) 7.7 kg m / s OR
7.7 N s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3(a) (a =) (v – u) ÷ t OR 2
(62 – 6.0) ÷ 35 OR
56 ÷ 35 (1)
2
1.6 m / s (1)

3(b) (F =) ma OR 2
Δ p ÷ Δ t OR
5
2.5 × 10 × 1.6 OR
5
(62 × 2.5 × 10 – 6.0 × 2.5 ×
5
10 ) ÷ 35 (1)
5
4.0 × 10 N (1)

3(c) (p =) mv OR 2
5
2.5 × 10 × 6.0 (1)
6
1.5 × 10 kg m / s (1)

4(a) impulse OR Δp = m(v – u) in any 3

form (1)
(impulse =) 750 000 (84 – 42)
(1)
7
(impulse =) 3.2 × 10 N s OR
m kg / s (1)

4(b) Ft = impulse OR Δp in any form 2

OR
(F =) (impulse OR Δp) / t (1)
7 5
(F = 3.2 x 10 / 80 =) 3.9 ×10
N; (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(a) (impulse =) change of 3

momentum (1)
(impulse =) 71(10 – 4) (1)
(impulse =) 430 N s (1)

5(b) (impulse =) force × time 1

5(c) (average F =) impulse / time (= 2

430 / 1.2) (1)
(average F =) 360 N (1)

6 force × time (for which it acts) 1

7(a) (v =) I /m in any form, words or 2

symbols OR
0.019 / 0.00011 (1)
170 m / s (1)

2
7(b) (KE =) ½mv in any form, words 3
or symbols (1)
2
0.50 × 0.00011 × 170 (1)
1.6 J OR
1.7 J (1)

8 smaller force (on dock/ship) 1

because increases time of
collision OR increased distance
of collision (on the dock/ship)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9 no external forces OR isolated 2

system (1)
sum of momenta / (total)
momentum remains constant
(1)

10 rocket gains (upward) 2

momentum (1)
(ejected) gas gains equal
(quantity of) momentum in
opposite direction OR
momentum of gas decreases by
equal amount (1)

11(a) (∆) p=mv in any form OR 2

((∆)p=) mv OR
0.8 × 0.72 (1)
(∆p= ) 0.58 kg m/s (1)

11(b) Ft= ∆p in any form OR 2

(F=) ∆p/t OR
0.58/6 (1)
accept rounding if
(F=) 0.096 N (1)
0.096 seen
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12 EITHER 4
(change in momentum) = mv
OR (change in momentum) =
6
1.2 × 10 × 0.04 (1)
4
(=) 4.8 × 10 (kg m/s) (1)
change in momentum = Ft in
any form (1)
4
(force = 4.8 × 10 / 0.3 =)
5
1.6 × 10 N (1)
OR
a = (v-u)/t = 0.04/0.3 (1)
2
= 0.13 (m/s ) (1)
F = ma (1)
6
(force = 1.2 × 10 × 0.13 =)
5
1.6 × 10 N (1)

13(a) ( p =) mv OR 0.046 × 65 (1) 2

3.0 kg m / s OR 3.0 N s (1)

13(b) 2
a = (v – u) / t
(F =) AND F = ma
m(v–u) /t or 0.046 × 65 /
OR
or 3.0 / 0.00050 or
0.00050 0.046 ×
130 000
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

(1)
6000 N (1)

14(a) (momentum =) mv OR 4.0 × 12 2

(1)
48 kg m / s or N s (1)

14(b) (average force =) 2

momentum change / time
OR m(v – u) / t
OR (mv – mu) / t
OR F = ma AND a = (v – u) / t
OR 48 / 0.60 (1)
80 N (1)

15 mv − mu OR mu − mv in any 1
form

16(a) (impulse =) Ft in any form (1) 2

(impulse =) 2.4 N s (1)

16(b) Ft = mv − mu in any form OR 2

(v − u =) Ft / m (1)
43 m / s (1)

st
17 1 box: force (1) 2
nd
2 box: impulse (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

18 F = (mv – mu) / t in any form OR 3

impulse = mv – mu (1)
= 20 × 4.2 / 60 (1)
1.4 N (1)

19 C 1

20(a)(i) (p =) 3.2 x 4.0 2

13 kg m / s

20(a)(ii) momentum conserved 3

12.8 − (3.2 x 1.5) OR
12.8 − 4.8 OR
8.0 OR
8.0 ÷ 1.6
5.0 m / s

20(b) 2
(F =) OR
8.0 ÷ 0.050
160 N

20(c) internal energy (of blocks) 1

increase OR
thermal energy/sound energy
(lost/produced at collision)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

21(a)(i) (momentum =) mv 2
(momentum = 2.4 × 3 =)
7.2 kg m / s OR
Ns

21(a)(ii) (mA + mb)v = mA × 3 OR 2

momentum conserved
(v = 7.2 / 3.6 =) 2.0 m / s

21(a)(iii) (impulse / Ft =) m(v-u) 2

(impulse / Ft = 1.2 × (2-0) =)
2.4 kg m / s OR
Ns

21(b) thermal/sound energy 1

(produced at collision/lost)

22 force and time 1

23 (momentum =) mass x 1
velocity

24(a)(i) Ft OR 2
180 × 0.050
9.0 Ns OR
9.0 kg m / s
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(a)(ii) Ft = m(v - u) OR 2
Ft = mv - mu OR
Ft = mv OR
(m =) Ft / v OR
9.0 / 20
0.45 kg

2
24(a)(iii) mgh = ½ mv OR 3
2
(h =) v / 2 g
2
(h =) 20 / (2 × 10)
20 m
OR
t=v/g=2
h = average speed × time
20 m

24(b) elastic (energy) / strain 1

(energy)

[Total: 92]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 nuclear fission – nucleus / atom 2

splits (into two) AND nuclear
fusion – two nuclei / atoms join
together (1)
any one from: (1)
- nuclear fission –large(r) mass
(number) or heavy nuclei /
atoms involved OR neutrons
involved / emitted} AND nuclear
fusion – small(er) mass
(number) OR light nuclei / atoms
involved OR no neutrons
- fission in a nuclear reactor
AND fusion in Sun / stars
- fission produces very
radioactive / long lasting waste
- fission makes lighter new
elements AND fusion makes
heavier new elements
- fission at normal p / T AND
fusion at high p / T
- fusion produces more energy
(than fission)

2(a) (GPE =) mg ( Δ ) h (in any form) 2

OR
0.0021 × 10 × 0.80 OR
2.1 × 10 × 0.80 OR
17 (J) (1)
0.017 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2
2(b) (KE=) 1/2mv (in any form) (1) 3
2
1/2 × 0.0021 × 1.2 OR
2
1/2 × 2.1 × 1.2 OR
1.5 (J) (1)
−3
1.5 × 10 J (1)

2(c) (work done against) friction / 1

drag / resistance OR
thermal energy generated OR
(displaced) liquid gains
gravitational potential energy
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 (output) P = VI or E = VIt or E 5
= Pt in any form words, symbols
or numbers OR
(P =) VI OR
(P =) 240 × 9 OR
(P =) 2160 (W) OR
(E =) 240 × 9 × 60 = 129 600 (J)
(1)
(rate of energy input =
720 000 / 60 =) 12 000 (J / s) OR
energy input = 720 000 (J) (1)
(efficiency =) (100 ×) output
power / input power OR
(100 ×) output energy / input
energy words, symbols or
numbers (1)

(efficiency =) 100 ×
(1)
(efficiency =) 18(%) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4 efficiency = 5
(1)

P = VI in any form (1)

power output = (20 × 2.3) = 46
(W) (1)
power input = 46 ÷ 0.9 = 51 (W)
(1)
input current = (51 ÷ 240 =)
0.21 A (1)

5(a) PE lost = KE gained in any form 3

(1)
2
v = 2gh OR
0.16 × 10 × 115 = 0.5 × 0.16 ×
2
v (1)
(speed =) 48 m / s (1)

5(b) momentum = mv (1) 2

(momentum=) 7.7 kg m / s OR
7.7 N s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(a) (pliq =) hρg (in any form) OR 3

0.400 × 1000 × 10 OR
2000 OR
4000 OR
5
1.02 × 10 (Pa) (1)
(p =) p atm + hρg (in any form)
OR
5
1.00 × 10 + 0.400 × 1000 × 10
OR
4000 OR
5
1.02 × 10 (Pa) (1)
5
1.04 × 10 Pa (1)

6(b)(i) (F =) pA (in any form) OR 2

4000 × 0.025 (1)
100 N (1)

6(b)(ii) (W.D. =) F × x (in any form) OR 2

5
1.04 × 10 × 0.025 × 0.50 OR
4000 × 0.025 × 0.50 OR
50 (J) (1)
1300 J (1)

7(a) ( k =) F / x OR 2
8.0 ÷ 0.15 (1)
53 N / m OR
0.53 N / cm (1)

7(b)(i) elastic potential (energy) 1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

7(b)(ii) 15 cm 1

7(b)(iii) 7.5 cm OR 1
(b)(ii) ÷ 2

8 thermal energy AND in 1

something specific (e.g. brakes
/ air / tyres) OR
kinetic energy of air

9 renewable OR 4
no air pollution OR
low running costs OR
no named polluting gas OR
no greenhouse effect (1)
explanation that follows from
advantage stated (1)
expensive to install OR
not available at night OR
visual pollution OR
needs a suitable (roof) space
(1)
explanation that follows from
disadvantage stated (1)

10(a) E = Pt in any form (1) 2

(E =) 6000 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(b) E = mc ΔT in any form (1) 3

c= (1)

(c =) 0.84 J /(g °C) OR

840 J /(kg °C) (1)

10(c) EITHER 2
some of energy supplied by the
heater heats the heater / goes
to lagging / goes to surroundings
(1)
specific heat capacity is lower
than value in (b) (1)
OR
some energy may be absorbed
from surroundings if they are at
a higher temperature (1)
specific heat capacity is higher
than value in (b) (1)

11(a) 240 W 1

11(b)(i) P = VI in any form OR 2

11 × 2 (1)
22 W (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(b)(ii) (efficiency =) Po / Pi OR 2
(efficiency =) (11 × 2 / 240) × 100
(1)
{efficiency = (11 × 2 / 240) × 100
=} 9.2 (%) (1)

2
12 KE = ½ mv in any form OR 3
2
v = 2 × KE / m OR
2
240 = ½ × 7.5 v (1)
2
v = 2 × 240 / 7.5 OR
(v=) √{2 × 240 / 7.5 } OR
(v=) √{2KE / m } (1)
= 8.0 m / s (1)

13 (E)= Pt OR 4
in any form words or symbols
OR
9000 × 1.0 OR
9000 J seen (1)
35 – 16 OR
19 (°C) seen (1)
(m) = E /(c∆T) or in any form,
words or symbols OR
9000 / (4200 × 19) (1)
0.11 kg (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14 from chemical (potential energy) 2

(1)
to elastic (potential) / strain (at
end) (1)

15(a) (v =) I /m in any form, words or 2

symbols OR
0.019 / 0.00011 (1)
170 m / s (1)

2
15(b) (KE =) ½mv in any form, words 3
or symbols (1)
2
0.50 × 0.00011 × 170 (1)
1.6 J OR
1.7 J (1)

16 chemical (potential energy) 1

17(a) any two from: 2

solar
wind
water
hydroelectric
waves
tidal
geothermal
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(b) any one from: 1 answer must relate to

a correct answer from
energy from wind / waves / Sun
(a)
is not always available
cost of building wind turbines or
tidal barrages or hydroelectric
dams
wind turbines affect the scenery
of some areas
solar (farms) use (agricultural)
land / takes up a lot of space
AVP

18 yes/renewable AND nothing 1

used up o.w.t.t.e.

19 no air pollution/CO2/acid 2
rain/greenhouse gases/global
warming/harmful gases OR no
damage from mining/drilling
(1)
visual pollution/use of
land/pollution during
manufacture (1)

20 light 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

21 (Pi =1.2 × 2.8 × 260 = ) 870 (W) 4

(1)
(Po = 2.5 × 86 = ) 220 (W) (1)
(efficiency = ){Po/Pi } × 100 in
any form OR
{Po/Pi } × 100 (1)
(efficiency = {220/870} × 100 =)
25 (%) (1)

22 E=mc∆T in any form OR 4

(E=) mc∆T OR
(E=) 2.7 × 900 × 18 (1)
44 000 (J) (1)
E=Pt in any form OR
(P=) E/t OR
(P= ) 43 740/150 (1)
(P= ) 290 W (1)

23(a) E = mc (∆)T in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(E =) mc (∆)T OR
0.23 × 0.72 × 550 (1)
91 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

23(b) t = E / P in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(t =) E / P OR
91 / 2.4 (1)
38 s (1)

23(c) (thermal) energy is used to 1

increase the temperature of /
lost to cylinder / piston / heater
/ surroundings

24(a)(i) p = h ρ g in any form OR 2

(p =) h ρ g OR
0.028 × 1500 × 10 (1)
420 Pa (1)

24(a)(ii) F = ρA in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(F =) ρA OR
2
420 × 4.0 OR
2
420 × 0.040 OR
420 × 16 OR
–3
420 × 1.6 × 10 (1)
0.67 N (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(b)(i) W = Fd in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(W =) Fd OR
0.67 × 0.034 (1)
0.023 (1)

24(b)(ii) lifting liquid as well OR 1

friction between liquid and
container / pipe

2
25 KE = 1/2 mv in any form OR 2
6 2
(KE) = 1/2 × 1.2 x 10 × 0.04
(1)
(KE = ) 960 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

26 any one advantage from: (1) 2

no fossil fuel used;
no fuel costs;
no pollution of air / water;
no polluting gases;
is a renewable energy source;
does not contribute to global
warming / greenhouse effect;
any one disadvantage from:
(1)
wind not always blowing;
causes noise pollution;
causes visual pollution;
is a danger to wildlife;
is expensive to build;

27(a) (E =) mc∆θ OR 4
65 × 720 × 7 (1)
5
3.3 × 10 (J) (1)
P = E / t in any form OR
(t=) E / P OR
6 3
3.3 × 10 / 1.5 × 10 (1)
220 s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27(b) any two from: 2

the heater warms walls / floor /
ceiling / windows / furniture /
objects
thermal energy conducted
through walls / floor / ceiling /
windows (to exterior)
thermal energy used to raise
temperature of air entering room
via draughts / openings

28(a) d = m / V in any form, symbols 2

or words OR
24 000 × 1.3 (1)
31 000 kg (1)

2
28(b) KE = ½ mv OR 2
2
½ × 31 200 × 16 (1)
6
4.0 × 10 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29 any one from: 1

speed of air not reduced to zero
(in passing through turbine)
some air passes through blade
area without change of speed /
hitting blades
not all kinetic energy of air
transfers to blade / air retains
some of its kinetic energy
friction in bearings of blades

30 chemical (energy) to kinetic 2

(energy) OR potential (energy)
(1)
any one of:
kinetic (energy) to potential
(energy) OR gravitational
(energy)
potential (energy) OR
gravitational (energy) to kinetic
(energy)
kinetic (energy) to thermal
(energy) OR heat (energy) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31 energy cannot be created or 1

destroyed
OR energy can only be
transferred from one form to
another
OR total energy remains
constant

32 elastic (energy) or strain 1

(energy)

33 from chemical (energy) to 2

thermal / heat (energy) (1)
from chemical (energy) to
thermal / heat (energy) AND as
a result of electrical working
(1)

34 1 . kinetic energy (of racquet) to 2

elastic / strain energy (in ball or
strings) (1)
2 . elastic / strain energy (in ball
or strings) to kinetic energy (of
ball) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

35 (energy input = 4
VIt = 12 × 3.8 × 600 =) 27 000
(J) (1)
SHC = E / m ∆ T in any form OR
E / m ∆T (1)
(∆T = ) 55 – 25 OR 30 (°C) (1)
(SHC = 27 000 / (2 × 30)) =
–1 –1
450 J kg °C OR
J / (kg °C) (1)

36 advantage: not dependent on 2

weather/wind blowing OR
always available (1)
disadvantage: polluting OR
CO2/SO2/greenhouse gases
emitted OR leads to global
warming OR oil must be
transported OR not renewable
OR oil will run out/be used up

37(a) (E =) m × g × h OR 32 × 10 × 2
2.5 (1)
800 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

37(b) output power = E ÷ t OR 800 ÷ 3

5.4 OR 148.148 (W) (1)
efficiency = output (power) ÷
input (power) OR Pout ÷ Pin OR
Eout ÷ Ein OR output power ÷
0.65 OR 148.148 ÷ 0.65 OR 800
÷ 0.65 (1)
= 230 W (1)

38 advantage: no 2
CO2/SO2/greenhouse
gases/acid rain (1)
disadvantage: nuclear waste
(disposal) OR leaks of
radioactive material OR risk of
radiation in case of accident
(1)

39 chemical (potential energy) 1

2
40(a) (KE = ) ½ × m × v (1) 3
2
(KE = ) ½ × 9500 × 75 (1)
7
(KE = ) 2.7 × 10 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

40(b) KE = F × l OR (F = ) KE ÷ l 2

7
OR (F =) 2.671875 × 10 × 150

2 2
OR v – u = 2ax
2 2
OR (a =) v – u ÷ (2 × x)
2
OR (a = ) 75 ÷ (2 × 150) =
18.75 (1)
5
(F = ) 1.8 × 10 N
OR ((F =) m × a = 9500 × 18.75)
5
= 1.8 × 10 N (1)

[Total: 136]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2
1(a)(i) (KE =) ½ × m × v (1) 3
2
½ × 0.020 × 350 (1)
1200 J (1)

1(a)(ii) (∆h =) KE ÷ mg 2
OR 1200 ÷ (0.020 × 10)
OR 1225 ÷ (0.020 × 10) (1)
6000/6100 m (1)

1(b)(i) (force of) air resistance acts 2

downwards (1)
adds to gravitational
force/resultant force
increases/deceleration
increases/deceleration > g (1)

1(b)(ii) (kinetic energy) to gravitational 2

potential energy (1)
(kinetic energy) to
thermal/internal energy (1)

2(a) mgh OR 80 × 65 × 10 × 1600 2

(1)
7
8.3 × 10 J (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2(b) EITHER method 1 4

W = Pt OR E = Pt in any form
(1)
3
work input = 1500 × 10 × 30 ×
9
60 OR 2.7 × 10 J (1)
efficiency = work output / work
input (x 100) (1)
0.031 OR 3.1 % (1)
OR method 2
P = E/t in any form (1)
7
power output = 8.3 × 10 /
30 × 60 (1)
efficiency = power output / power
input (× 100) (1)
0.031 OR 3.1% (1)

3 (because g.p.e. is) the work 1

done by the force
OR the force × the distance that
the object rises
OR mgh and height is greater
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(a) if hydroelectric described: 4

hydroelectric named OR
water from behind dam
K.E. of (falling) water used / P.E.
of stored water
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(Turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
OR if tidal flow described:
tides / tidal flow named
K.E. of water used
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
OR if waves described:
waves on surface of sea
K.E. of water used to oscillate a
floating mechanism
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(b) if hydroelectric described: 2

rain (fills lakes in high places)
cause of rain is the Sun, so
renewable
OR if tidal flow described:
moon (and Sun) causes tides
moon (and Sun) permanently in
place, so renewable
OR if waves described:
wind causes waves
Sun causes wind, so
renewable
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(c) if hydroelectric described: 2

Sun evaporates water from sea
etc. to fall (later) as rain
Sun is the source of energy
OR if tidal flow described:
attraction due to Moon’s (and
Sun’s) gravity causes tides
Sun is a source of (part of) the
energy OR
Sun is not the primary source of
energy
OR if waves described:
wind are air currents caused by
thermal energy / heat from the
Sun
Sun is the source of energy
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(a) suitable fuel for a power station 4

any three from five:

- thermal energy / heat (from
fuel)
- water / steam / gas heated OR
steam produced
- (steam / gas) turns / moves /
drives turbine
- (turbine) turns / moves / drives
generator
- 2 correct energy transfers

5(b) Sun is energy source for plants 2

/ living matter (to grow)
o.w.t.t.e
plant / animal (remains
compressed) into fuel OR
carbon / chemical energy stored
/ trapped in plant / animal
(remains)

5(c) not renewable (as fuel is 2

consumed)
could only be replaced over very
long time period (e.g. clearly >
50 years)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6 P = F / A in any form OR 4
(F =) PA
(F1 = 500 000 × 0.00065 =)
330 (N)
F1d1 = F2d2 in any form OR
F1d1/d2
(F2 = 325 × 7/24 =) 95 N

7(a) 60 W 1

7(b) radiation and either conduction 1

or convection

8(a)(i) (momentum =) mv 2
(momentum = 2.4 × 3 =)
7.2 kg m / s OR
Ns

8(a)(ii) (mA + mb)v = mA × 3 OR 2

momentum conserved
(v = 7.2 / 3.6 =) 2.0 m / s

8(a)(iii) (impulse / Ft =) m(v-u) 2

(impulse / Ft = 1.2 × (2-0) =)
2.4 kg m / s OR
Ns
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(b) thermal/sound energy 1

(produced at collision/lost)

9(a)(i) Ft OR 2
180 × 0.050
9.0 Ns OR
9.0 kg m / s

9(a)(ii) Ft = m(v - u) OR 2
Ft = mv - mu OR
Ft = mv OR
(m =) Ft / v OR
9.0 / 20
0.45 kg

2
9(a)(iii) mgh = ½ mv OR 3
2
(h =) v / 2 g
2
(h =) 20 / (2 × 10)
20 m
OR
t=v/g=2
h = average speed × time
20 m

9(b) elastic (energy) / strain 1

(energy)

[Total: 53]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a) (pliq =) hρg (in any form) OR 3

0.400 × 1000 × 10 OR
2000 OR
4000 OR
5
1.02 × 10 (Pa) (1)
(p =) p atm + hρg (in any form)
OR
5
1.00 × 10 + 0.400 × 1000 × 10
OR
4000 OR
5
1.02 × 10 (Pa) (1)
5
1.04 × 10 Pa (1)

1(b)(i) (F =) pA (in any form) OR 2

4000 × 0.025 (1)
100 N (1)

1(b)(ii) (W.D. =) F × x (in any form) OR 2

5
1.04 × 10 × 0.025 × 0.50 OR
4000 × 0.025 × 0.50 OR
50 (J) (1)
1300 J (1)

2 liquid levels in the two limbs of 1

the tube are equal
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 molecules collide with the walls 3

(of the container) (1)
momentum of molecules
changes (reverses) (1)
this causes a force AND force
spread out (over area of walls)
(1)

4 P = F / A OR 2
(F =) PA OR
3
500 × 10 × 0.62 (1)
(F =) 310 000 N OR
310 kN (1)

5 P = ρgh in any form (1) 3

3
(h =) 400 × 10 / (1020 × 10)
(1)
(h =) 39 m (1)

5
6(a) (p 2 =) p 1 V 1 / V 2 = 1.0 × 10 × 2
60 ÷ 50 (1)
5
1.2 × 10 Pa (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(b) p 2 = p atm + hρg OR 2

5 5
1.2 × 10 – 1.0 × 10 OR
4
2.0 × 10 OR
4
( ρ =) 2.0 × 10 / (0.15 × 10)
(1)
4 –3
1.3 × 10 kg m (1)

7 they / molecules collide with 3

walls (1)
change of momentum causes
force (to be exerted on walls)
(1)
pressure = force / area (so
pressure is exerted on walls)
(1)

2
8(a) (A = 44 × 20 =) 880 (m ) (1) 3
V = A × depth in any form OR
(d =) V / A (1)
(d = 264 / 880 =) 0.30 m (1)

8(b) ρ = m / V in any form OR 2

(ρ =) m / V (1)
5
(ρ = 2.7 × 10 / 264 =)
3
1020 kg / m (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(c) p = ρgh in any form OR 2

(p =) ρgh (1)
(p = 1020 × 10 × 0.3 =) 3 100 Pa
(1)

9(a)(i) p = h ρ g in any form OR 2

(p =) h ρ g OR
0.028 × 1500 × 10 (1)
420 Pa (1)

9(a)(ii) F = ρA in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(F =) ρA OR
2
420 × 4.0 OR
2
420 × 0.040 OR
420 × 16 OR
–3
420 × 1.6 × 10 (1)
0.67 N (1)

9(b)(i) W = Fd in any form words, 2

symbols or numbers OR
(W =) Fd OR
0.67 × 0.034 (1)
0.023 (1)

9(b)(ii) lifting liquid as well OR 1

friction between liquid and
container / pipe
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10 (p) = ρgh in any form OR 2

3
(p =) 1030 × 10 × 3.0 × 10
(1)
7
3.1 × 10 Pa (1)

11(a) p = hρg in any form OR 2

(h =) p / ρg OR
5
1.02 × 10 / (13 600 × 10) (1)
0.75 m (1)

11(b) same vertical height (of mercury) 2

(1)
pressure due to column of liquid
depends on vertical height OR
in formula p = hρg, h is vertical
height OR
the pressure remains constant
because ρ and g don’t change,
nor does h (1)

12 vacuum OR 1
nothing OR
mercury vapour
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13 air is present in the space 2

labelled S OR
above the mercury in the tube
(1)
this air exerts a (downward)
pressure on the mercury (1)

14 liquid on left goes further up tube 2

(1)
pressure of gas greater than air
pressure and pressure from
liquid column (1)

15 (p) = h ρ g OR 2
4
0.76 × 1.4 × 10 × 10 (1)
5
1.1 × 10 Pa (1)

16(a) (mercury) barometer 1

16(b) vacuum OR nothing OR (low 1

pressure) mercury vapour

17(a) manometer 1

17(b) Ρ = ρgh in any form OR 2

( ρ =) Ρ / gh (1)
( ρ = 400 / (10 × 0.05) =)
3
800 kg / m (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

18(a) (P =) hdg OR 2
0.02 × 800 × 10 (1)
160 Pa (1)

18(b) value of h stays the same (1) 2

difference in height not
dependent on cross-sectional
area of tube OR
pressure of a liquid column
depends only on values of h, d
and g (1)

19 manometer 1

20(a)(i) W = (4.8 × 10 =) 48 N 1

20(a)(ii) (P=) F ÷ A OR 48 ÷ (0.12 × 0.16) 2

(1)
2500 Pa (1)

20(b) atmospheric pressure (in 1

addition to liquid pressure)

20(c) P = hdg or in words OR (d=) P 2

÷ hg OR 2500 ÷ (0.32 × 10) OR
d = M ÷ V = 4.8 ÷ (0.12 × 0.16 ×
0.32) (1)
3
780 kg / m (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

21 (rises because) density of gas 3

is less than density of OR
resultant upward force on bubble
(1)
(as bubble rises) pressure (of
gas in bubble) decreases (1)
(volume of bubble increases
because) p × V = constant OR
V ∝ 1 ÷ p (1)

22(a) (p =) h × ρ × g or 5.0 × 1000 × 3

10 (1)
50 000 (Pa) (1)
(total pressure = 50 000 + 1.0 ×
5 5
10 =) 1.5 × 10 Pa (1)

5
22(b) 1.5 × 10 Pa 1

23(a) average/overall/combined 1
density (of the metal and air
contained) less (than density of
sea water)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

23(b) (P =) h × ρ × g OR (V=) A × l 4
in any form (1)
(P= 1.2 × 1020 × 10 =) 12 000
(Pa) OR (V= 0.8 × 1.2 = ) 0.96
3
(m ) (1)
P = F ÷ A OR (F =) P × A OR (W
=) V × ρ × g (1)
(F = 12240 × 0.80 =) 9800 N OR
(F = W = ) 9800 N (1)

23(c) same numerical answer as (b) 2

(1)
resultant/net (vertical) force = 0
OR downward force = upward
force OR forces are balanced
(1)

24(a) (measure of) quantity / amount 1

of matter OR
(property) that resists change in
motion / speed / momentum OR
measure of a body’s inertia
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(b)(i) d = m / V OR 2
in words OR
3
0.44 / 0.080 OR
-4
0.44 / 5.12 × 10 OR
3
440 / 8 OR
440 / 512 OR
3
0.44 /8 OR
0.44 / 512
3
0.86 g / cm OR
3
860 kg / m OR
-4 3
8.6 × 10 kg / cm

24(b)(ii) sinks OR 1
does not float AND (cube)
denser (than oil)

24(c)(i) W = mg OR 2
(g =) W / m OR
0.70 / 0.44
1.6 N / kg

24(c)(ii) (P =) hdg OR 2
0.030 × 850 × 1.6
41 Pa

25(a) p = h ρ g in any form OR 2

(p =) 560 / (0.027 × 10)
3 3
(p =) 2.1 × 10 kg / m
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

25(b) explains why there is a resultant 1

downward force

26 P = F / A in any form OR 4
(F =) PA
(F1 = 500 000 × 0.00065 =)
330 (N)
F1d1 = F2d2 in any form OR
F1d1/d2
(F2 = 325 × 7/24 =) 95 N

27 F 1 d 1 = F 2 d 2 OR 4

(F 2 =) OR
200 x 22 ÷ 8.0
550 (N) OR
200 x 22 ÷ 8.0

(p =) OR
500 ÷ 0.00050 OR
200 x 22 ÷ (8.0 x 0.00050)
6
1.1 x 10 Pa

[Total: 99]