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Transverse Where:
2
(shear) = Shear modulus [N/m ]
velocity
; [m/s ]
Frequency Where:
= Wave Length [m]
= Velocity [m/s]
; [Hz]
Acoustic Where:
impedance = Velocity [m/s]
Near‐field Where:
(circular) = Transduser diameter [mm]
Beam Where:
divergence- = Beam divergence angle from
angle (circular) centerline to point where signal
is at half strength
Reflection Where:
coefficient = Acoustic impedance of Medium 1
Transmission Where:
coefficient = Reflection coefficient
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Snell’s law Where:
= the longitudinal wave velocities
in the first and second materials,
respectively
= the shear wave velocities in the
first and second materials,
respectively
= the angles of incident and
refracted longitudinal waves,
respectively
= the angles of the converted
reflected and refracted shear
waves, respectively
Amplitude Where:
attenuation = Initial (unattenuated) amplitude
= Attenuation coefficient [dB/m]
Distance to Where:
= Sound velocity (longitudinal or
reflector or
shear) [m/s]
discontinuity = Time difference [s]
(normal or angle
beam)
Surface Distance
& Depth (1st
Leg)
Surface Distance
& Depth (2nd
Leg)
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