THEREPUBLI

COFUGANDA
I
NTHEHI
GHCOURTOFUGANDA
LANDDI
VISI
ONSI
TTI
NGATNAKAWA
CONSOLI
DATEDCI
VILSUI
TSNO.
1036OF2018&CI
VILSUI
T
NO.
165OF2019.

KI
CONCOMEDARD.
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.PLAI
NTI
FF
VERSUS
HON.PERSI
SNAMUGANZA&148ORTHERS.
..
.DEFENDANTS

JUDGMENT

BEFOREHONJUSTI
CETADEOASI
IMWE.
Thebr
iefbackgr
oundoft
hesui
tist
hatt
hepl
aint
if
fist
he
r
egi
ster
edpr
opr
iet
oroft
hel
andcompr
isedi
nKy
adondoBl
ock
206pl
ot671Mper
erwehav
ingpur
chasedt
hesamef
rom Paul
Kat
abaziBi
tar
abeho(
theadmi
nist
rat
oroft
heest
ateoft
heLat
e
PaulBi
tar
abeho)i
n2013andcompl
etedpay
menti
n2016.The
cer
ti
fi
cat
e of t
it
le was t
ransf
err
ed i
n hi
s names on t
he
29/
4/2016.Att
het
imeofpur
chaset
her
ewer
e17per
sons
i
ntr
oduced t
o hi
m as t
respasser
s wi
th who commenced
negot
iat
ions t
o set
tl
ethr
ough compensat
ion.The pl
aint
if
f
al
l
eges t
hatwhi
l
e compensat
ing some oft
he or
igi
nal17
occupant
s,he3rdt
t o147thdef
endant
sappear
edandpr
esent
ed
1
agr
eement
s cl
aimi
ng t
o be compensat
ed as wel
lfort
hei
r
Bi
banj
aint
erest
s t
heypur
chased f
rom Chr
isperBi
tar
abeho
hencet
hissui
t.

I
ntheor
igi
nalsui
t,t
hePl
aint
if
for
igi
nal
l he3rd t
ysuedt o19th
def
endant
sfort
respass,t
he 1stand 2nd f
ori
njunct
ion,
damagesandt
he20t
hdef
endantf
orf
ail
uret
odemol
i
shi
l
legal
st
ruct
urest
ohi
sland.Bef
oret
hecommencementofhear
ing,
an appl
i
cat
ion no.
341 of2019 wasf
il
led byt
heappl
i
cant
s
seeki
ngt
ojoi
ntheor
igi
nal20def
endant
sasco-def
endant
s.
Thesai
dappl
i
cat
ionwasnotopposedbyt
her
espondent
sand
wasal
l
owedhenceaddi
ng128def
endant
stot
heor
igi
nal20
def
endant
smaki
ngt
hem 148def
endant
s.

I
twashowev
er,
boughtt
otheat
tent
ionofcour
tthatt
her
ewer
e
3sui
ts(
Civ
ilsui
tno.1036of2018,
civ
ilsui
tno165of2019and
ci
vi
lsui
tno.
10of2012f
orandagai
nstt
hepl
aint
if
fcal
l
sfor
consol
i
dat
ionoft
hecasessi
ncet
heyal
lrel
atet
othesame
di
sput
e.Al
lthepar
ti
esagr
eedont
heneedf
orconsol
i
dat
iont
o
r
esol
vet
hei
ssuesatonce.Anor
derf
orconsol
i
dat
ionwas
gr
ant
edbycour
ttoconsol
i
dat
ethe3cases.Howev
erbef
ore
consol
i
dat
ionoft
hesui
tswasef
fect
ed,ci
vi
lsui
tnumber10of
2012waswi
thdr
awnhenceconsol
i
dat
ionof
fCSNO.1036OF
2018 AND CS NO 165 OF 2019.
Subsequent
lyf
oll
owi
ng t
he
2
consol
i
dat
ion,or
dert
he numberofdef
endant
s mov
ed t
o
upwar
dsf
rom 20t
o149wi
thAt
tor
neyGener
albei
ngaddedas
he149th def
t endant
.Ascanbegat
her
edf
rom t
hepl
eadi
ngsi
n
ci
vi
lsui
t165of2019,t
hepl
aint
if
fsuedat
tor
neygener
alf
or
compensat
ion ov
er t
he same l
and,per
manenti
njunct
ion,
gener
aldamages,
exempl
arydamagescost
sandi
nter
est
.

Al
lThedef
endant he2nddef
sexceptt endantf
il
ledt
her
ewr
it
ten
st
atement
sofdef
encedeny
ingal
lthesecl
aimsbyt
hepl
aint
if
f.
Subsequent
lyt
hepl
aint
if
fal
sowi
thdr
ew t
hecaseagai
nstt
he
3r
d,4t
h,5t
h.5t
h,6t
h.8t
h,9t
h,10t
h,12t
h.13t
h,15t
h,16t
h,17t
h,
18t
hdef
endantandt
hesui
tpr
oceededagai
nstt
her
emai
ning
def
endant
s.

Atschedul
i
ngt
hef
oll
owi
ngf
act
swer
eagr
eedupon;
a)Thesui
tlandi
scompr
isedi
nKy
adondoBl
ock206pl
ot671
Mper
erwe,
Kampal
aDi
str
ict
.
b)Thepl
aint
if
fist
her
egi
ster
edpr
opr
iet
oroft
hesui
tland
compr
ised i
nKy
adondo Bl
ock206 pl
ot671 Mper
erwe,
Kampal
aDi
str
ict
.
c)The7th,11th,14t
h,19th t
o147th def
endant
shol
dBi
banj
a
sal
esagr
eementf
orLusanj
a,Waki
soDi
str
ict
.
3
 d)The148thdef
endanti
schar
gedwi
tht
hephy
sicalpl
anni
ng
ofKampal
aci
tyundersect
ion7oft
heKCCAAct
,2011
whose dut
ies ar
etor
egul
ate al
lmat
ter
sto do wi
th
phy
sicalpl
anni
ng wi
thi
n Kampal
aincl
udi
ng but not
r
est
ri
ctedt
oappr
ovalofpl
ansandordr
awi
ngsf
oral
l
per
manentand t
empor
ary st
ruct
ures,r
enov
ati
ons and
al
ter
ati
ons.

I
SSUES
The f
oll
owi
ng i
ssues wer
e agr
eed upon byt
he par
ti
es f
or
det
ermi
nat
ionbyt
hiscour
t;
1)Whet he 1st def
her t endant i
nci
t he 3rd t
ed t o 147th
def
endant
stounl
awf
ull
yset
tl
eandoccupyt
hesui
tland.
2)Whet he149th def
hert endanti
ssueddi
rect
ivesf he3rd
ort
o147thdef
t endantt
ost
ayandr
emai
nont
hesui
tland
3)Whet he 148th def
hert endantabdi
cat
ed i
ts dut
ies as
pr
ovi
dedbyundert
hel
aw
4)Whet he7th,11th,14t
hert h,19th t
o147th def
endant
sar
e
t
respasser
sont
hesui
tland
5)Whatr
emedi
esar
eav
ail
abl
etot
hepar
ti
es.

4
Att
he hear
ing,t
he pl
aint
if
fwasr
epr
esent
ed counselBabu
Rashi
d,t
hei
tsdef
endantbycounselKumbugaRi
char
d,he2nd-
t
147th def
endant
s by Ki
wanuka Abdal
l
ah,Luy
imbaziEl
i
as
Nal
ukol
aandcounselLukwagoEl
i
aswhi
l
ecounselBy
aruhanga
Denni
srepr
esent
edKCCA.

Counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
frai
sedapr
eli
minar
yissuei
nwhi
chhe
soughtcer
tai
nremedi
est
o begr
ant
ed agai
nstpar
ti
eswho
nev
erf
il
led a def
ence.He submi
tt hat2nd t
ed t othe 18th
def
endant
sdi
dnotf
il
eadef
enceaf
tert
heyhadbeenser
vedby
t
hepl
aint
if
f.Hesubmi
tt
edt
hatunder0r
der
6rul
e10oft
heci
vi
l
pr
ocedur
etheconsequencesofnotf
il
li
ngadef
encei
sthatt
he
cour
tshal
lpr
oceedt
oheart
hesui
tasi
fthedef
endant
sfi
l
led
t
hedef
enceandt
hatt
hosepar
ti
cul
ardef
endant
sar
epr
esumed
nott
ohav
egi
venadef
encet
ocount
ert
hepl
aint
if
fscl
aim.
Hef
urt
herpr
ayedt
hatcour
tent
ersj
udgementagai
nstt
hem a
f
actt
hatwoul
dber
efl
ect
edi
nther
emedi
esgr
ant
edbycour
t
underi
ssuef
ive.

Wher
easIagr
eewi
thcounself
ort
hepl
aint
if
fthatonceapar
ty
doesnotf
il
eadef
encecour
tpr
oceedsasi
fthepar
tyhadf
il
led
a def
ence as per or
der
6rul
e 10 abov
e,t
his does not
aut
omat
ical
l
y ent
it
let
he par
ti
es t
he r
emedi
es and or
der
s
5
soughti
ntheent
ir
ecaseagai
nstsuchdef
endant
s.Theor
der
si
mpl
ymeanst
hatcour
twi
l
lpr
oceedt
oresol
vet
hei
ssuesat
handont
hebasi
soft
hepl
aint
if
f’
scaseanddet
ermi
newhet
her
acasei
smadeoutbyapar
tywhohasf
il
ledt
hepl
eadi
ngs.The
f
actandl
aw st
il
lremai
nthathewhoal
l
egesmustpr
oveand
t
her
efor
ether
uleci
tedbyt
hepl
aint
if
fs’counseli
ssubj
ectt
o
t
hisr
uleofev
idence.Ther
efor
e,t
hepr
eli
minar
yissuer
aisedby
t
he pl
aint
if
f’
s counsel wi
l
l be r
esol
ved by cour
t whi
l
e
det
ermi
ningt
hemer
it
soft
hecaseagai
nstt
hedef
endant
swho
nev
erf
il
ledadef
ence.Ther
efor
ewi
l
lnotmakeadet
ermi
nat
ion
ont
hismat
terr
aisedbutpr
oceedt
oresol
vet
hei
ssuesas
f
ramedbyt
hepar
ti
es.

I
ssue1
Whet he1stdef
hert endanti
nci
t he3rdt
edt o147thdef
endant
sto
unl
awf
ull
yset
tl
eandoccupyt
hesui
tland.
Asf
arast
hisi
ssuei
sconcer
ned,counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
f
submi
tt
ed t he 1st def
hatt endanti
nci
t he 3rd t
ed t o 147th
def
endant
stoset
tl
eonhi
slandunl
awf
ull
yandt
ooccupyt
he
same.Counselsubmi
tt
edt he1stdef
hatt endanthel
dameet
ing
he5thSept
ont ember2016ont
hesui
tlandandl
i
stenedt
oonl
y
onesi
de.Thatt
hepl
aint
if
fwentanext
rami
l
etonot
if
ythe1st
def
endantaboutt
he unf
airactshe had done t
hrough hi
s
l
awy
ersasperD.
exh.
No.
1.Counself
urt
hersubmi
tt
edt
hatt
he
6
1st def
endantf
ail
ed t
o adduce ev
idence t
o di
spr
ovet
he
pl
aint
if
f’
scl
aim si
nceshef
ail
edt
oev
encompl
ywi
thcour
t’
s
di
rect
ivet
opr
oducedocument
saboutt
hisv
erymat
terdur
ing
cr
ossexami
nat
ion.

I
nrepl
y,CounselKumbugaRi
char
df he1stdef
ort endantr
eli
ed
he 1st def
on t endant
’s wr
it
ten st
atementofdef
ence and
submi
tt
edt he1stdef
hatt endantast
hest
atemi
nist
erf
orl
ands
waspet
it
ionedbysomedef
endant
saboutt
hehar
assmentf
rom
t
hepl
aint
if
finr
elat
iont
othesui
tlandandsheaccor
dingl
ymet
t
hem t
oinv
est
igat
ethecompl
aint
.Thatsheequal
l
yrecei
veda
compl
aintD.
exh.
No.
1fr
om t
hepl
aint
if
f’
slawy
ersr
equest
ing
heri
nherof
fi
ci
alcapaci
tyt
oheart
hei
rsi
de.Butbef
oreshe
coul
daccor
dthepl
aint
if
fsahear
ing,shel
ear
ntt
hatt
hemat
ter
wasasubj
ectofcour
tpr
oceedi
ngsandopt
edout
.Counsel
submi
tt
edt
hatt
heact he1stdef
soft endantwer
enotout
side
hermandat
east
heSt
ateMi
nist
erf
orl
ands.

UnderSect
ion.
101oft
heev
idenceAct
,whenaper
soni
sbound
t
opr
ovet
heexi
stenceofanyf
act
,iti
ssai
dthatt
hebur
denof
pr
oofl
i
esont
hatper
son.I
nthi
scase,t
hebur
denofpr
oofl
i
es
ont
hepl
aint
if
ftopr
ovet
hei
nci
t he1stdef
ementbyt endant
.

Toi
nci
teaccor
dingt
otheBl
ack’
sLaw Di
cti
onar
y,8t
hEdi
ti
on,
7
page830meanst
opr
ovokeorst
irupsomeonet
ocommi
ta
cr
ime.
Accor
dingt
otheev
idenceonr
ecor
dthef
ir
stdef
endantwas
i
nvi
tedbysomeoft
hedef
endant
s.Thedocument
aryev
idence
ex
hibi
tedi
ncour hat1stwasi
tshowst nvi
tedbybot
hpar
ti
esas
ami
nist
erofst
atef
orl
andmat
ter
stoi
nter
venei
nthedi
sput
es
ont
hesui
tland.Shemanagedt
omeett
hedef
endant
saspar
t
ofheri
nqui
ryandadv
isedt
hem t
ost
ayont
hel
andpendi
ngher
i
nvest
igat
ionsi
nthemat
ter
. Thei
ssueofnotmeet
ingt
he
pl
aint
if
fwas cl
ari
fi he 1st def
ed by t endanti
n hercr
oss-
ex
ami
nat
ion and herwr
it
ten st
atementofdef
ence t
o be
ex
ist
enceoft
hecour
tcasewhi
chl
edhert
oter
minat
eher
i
nqui
rypr
emat
urel
ybutheri
ntent
ionwast
omeetbot
hpar
ti
es.

Fr
om t
heabov
eev
idence,i
tiscl he1stdef
eart endantdi
dnot
concl
udeheri
nvest
igat
ionsandassuchcoul
dnothav
etaken
anydeci
si
ont
hatwoul
damountt
oinci
tementasal
l
eged.Ther
e
i
snoev
idencet
opr
ovet
hatwhat
evershedi
dwasi
nherpr
ivat
e
capaci
ty.Ont
hecont
rar
y,t
her
eisev
idencet
hatshewasi
nvi
ted
i
nherof
fi
ci
alcapaci
tyasami
nist
erofst
atef
orl
andsandt
hus
what
ever wr
ong act
ion and/
or omi
ssi
ons ar
e act
ionabl
e
agai
nstt
heempl
oyer
.
Ther
ewasnosuf
fi
cientev
idence adducedbyt
hepl
aint
if
fto
t
her
equi
si
test
andar
dt he1stdef
hatt endanti
ndeedi
nci
tedt
he
8
3rd t
o147th def
endantt
oset
tl
eandoccupyt
hesui
tlandsi
nce
t
hesai
dper
sonswer
efoundont
hel
andwhent
hemi
nist
er
v
isi
tedt
hear
ea.I
tiscour
tsv
iewt
hatev
eni
fitwer
eev
idenced
t
hatsheaskedt
hem t
ost
ayont
hel
and,
itwassi
mpl
yanadv
ice
t
othepar
ti
espendi
ngi
nvest
igat
ionst
hatwer
eov
ert
akenby
t
hiscour
tcaseandnot
hingmor
e.

It
her
efor
efi
ndt he1stdef
hatt endant
’si
nvol
vementi
nthel
and
mat
terwasi
nherof
fi
ci
alcapaci
tyasami
nist
erofst
atef
or
l
andmat
ter
sandshedi
dnoti
nci
t he3rdt
et o147thdef
endantt
o
set
tl
eandoccupyandst
ayont
hesui
tland.

It
her
efor
efi
ndt he1stdef
hatt endantdi
dnoti
nci
t he3rd t
et o
147th def
endantt
ooccupyandst
ayont
hesui
tland.The1st
i
ssuei
sanswer
edi
nthenegat
ive.

Bef
oreIpr
oceedt
oresol
v he2nd i
et ssue,t
her
eisneedt
o
det
ermi
net
hecaseagai he2nd def
nstt endantwher
enoi
ssue
wasf
ramedbyt
hepar
ti
es.

The 2nd def

endantHON r
osemar
yNansubuga Seni
nde was
suedbyt
hepl
aint
if
fforaper
manenti
njunct
ion,
damages,
cost
s
andi
nter
est
.
I
nabi
det
opr
ovet
hei
rcasePw1t
est
if
iedbef
orecour
tthatt
he
9
2nd def
endantequal
l
yinci
t he3rd t
edt othe147th def
endantt
o
set
tl
eonhi
slandandcausedhi
mfi
nanci
all
ossduet
ofai
l
uret
o
setupani
ndust
ri
alpar
k.Thepl
aint
if
fsnev
erpr
oducedf
urt
her
ev
idencet
opr
ovehowt
hemi
nist
eri
nci
tedt
hepeopl
ewhower
e
al
readyont
hepl
aint
if
f’
slandt
oset
tl
ether
e.I
ncour
tsv
iewt
he
ev
idenceoft
hepl
aint
if
fal
onei
snotsuf
fi
cientpr
oofoft
he
al
l
egedf
act
s.Onewoul
dhav
eexpect
edev
idenceofacr
imi
nal
casef
il
edagai
nstt
hemi
nist
erorev
enpr
oducedev
idenceofa
r
epor
ttot
he l
ocalaut
hor
it
ies.Ther
e was al
so no wr
it
ten
i
nst
ruct
ionsf
rom t
hemi
nist
eror
der
ingt
hepeopl
etost
ayon
t
hel
andwhat
soev
eraswasal
l
eged.Thepl
aint
if
f’
sev
idence
t
her
efor
efal
l
sshor
toft
hest
andar
dofpr
oofr
equi
redi
nci
vi
l
cases hence f
ail
uret
o pr
ove hi
s case on t
he bal
ance of
pr
obabi
l
iti
esagai he2nddef
nstt endantaswel
l
.

I
SSUE2
Whet he149th def
hert endanti
ssueddi
rect
ivesf he3rd t
ort o
147thdef
endantt
ost
ayandr
emai
nont
hesui
tland
Counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
fsubmi
tt
edt
hatt
hePr
esi
dentoft
he
Republ
i
cofUgandaaf
tert
heev
ict
ionv
isi
tedt
hesui
tlandand
condol
edwi
tht
heev
ict
edper
sonsandf
urt
herdi
rect
edt
hat
t
heyr
emai
nont
hel
andsubj
ectt
oinv
est
igat
ionsandt
hatt
her
e
wer
enoi
nvest
igat
ionst
hatwer
emadeev
ent
ual
l
y.Thatsuch
10
submi
ssi
ons / ut
ter
ances by t
he Pr
esi
dent encour
aged
peopl
e/def
endant
stor
emai
n on t
he pl
aint
if
f’
sland t
hus
v
iol
ati
nghi
sconst
it
uti
onal
rightt
oownandenj
oyhi
sland.

I
nresponsecounself he149thdef
ort endantsubmi
tt
edt
hatt
he
Pr
esi
denthasnev
erset
tl
edany
oneont
hel
andandt
hatt
her
e
wasnoDi
rect
ivemadebyhi
m al
l
owi
ngany
onet
oset
tl
eont
he
di
sput
edl
and.

Thi
s cour
thas consi
der
ed t
he ev
idence oft
he pl
aint
if
fon
r
ecor
dagai he149thdef
nstt endant
.Thegi
stofhi
scl
aimi
sthat
t
he pr
esi
dentofUganda i
ssued di
rect
ives t
hatt
respasser
s
shoul
dst
ayont
hel
andpendi
ngi
nvest
igat
ionswhi
chhav
enot
beendonet
odat
e.I
ndeedwhencour
tvi
sit
edl
ocusandt
wo
t
ent
sfr
om t
heof
fi
ceoft
hepr
imemi
nist
erwer
efoundonl
and
occupi
edbyt
hesomeoft
hedef
endant
s.Cour
tsunder
standi
ng
oft
hispi
eceofev
idencei
sthatt
hepr
esi
dent
ialdi
rect
ivedi
d
notamountt
o gi
vi
ng/donat
ing l
and t
o anyper
son butan
i
nter
im measur
ependi
ngi
nvest
igat
ionoft
hemat
ter
.

Thi
sint
erpr
etat
ion oft
he pl
aint
if
f’
s ev
idence by cour
tis
suppor
ted by t
he ev
idence ofDW9 Edr
isa Sser
emba who
t
est
if
iedi
nthi
scour
tandst
atedt t
hat“hepr
esi
dentdi
dn’
tgi
ve
usl
and.Het
oldust
obeont
hel
andt
empor
ari
l
yast
hemat
ter
11
i
sinv
est
igat
ed”
.
The ot
herpi
ece ofev
idence i
n suppor
toft
empor
aryst
ay
t
hroughDW11Bi
rungiI
reneMugi
shaanempl
oyeewi
thst
ate
house who o expl
ained t
o cour
tthatshe wentwi
tht
he
pr
esi
dentt
othesui
tlandwher
eheeducat
edpeopl
einr
egar
dto
t
hei
rri
ght
sand t
hatheadv
ised t
hatt
hemat
tershoul
d be
subj
ect
edt
oinv
est
igat
ionsandhandl
edundert
hel
aw.Thathe
adv
ised and di
rect
ed t
hatdemol
i
tions be hal
ted unt
ilt
he
commi
ssi
onpr
obesi
ntot
hemat
ter
.ThatHewentaheadt
o
gi
ve t
he v
ict
ims t
empor
ary shel
ter and f
ood as t
he
i
nvest
igat
ionswer
egoi
ngon.Shef
inal
l
ytest
if
iedt
hatshewas
notawar
eift
hecommi
ssi
ongav
ear
epor
t.

Thepl
aint
if
fdi
dnotadduceanyev
idencet
orebutt
hedef
ence
ev
idenceofDW9andDW11.
Ther
ewasnoev
idencet
osuppor
t
t
hef
actt
hatanof
fi
ci
aldi
rect
ive wasmadeori
ssuedbyH.
E
t
hePr
esi
dentofUgandat
hatal
l he3rdt
owedt o147thdef
endant
t
otakeorr
emai
nont
hel
and.Theev
idenceofDW11andDW9
cl
ear
lyshowst
hatt
hepr
esi
dentexpr
essedsy
mpat
hyt
owar
ds
t
hev
ict
imsoft
heev
ict
ionandsuchsy
mpat
hydi
dnoti
mpl
yany
di
rect
ivet
oal
l
owt
hedef
endant
stot
aket
hesui
tlandbutr
ather
at
empor
aryst
ayont
hel
andpendi
ngt
hei
nvest
igat
ionsoft
he
mat
terwhi
chi
nvest
igat
ionsi
ncl
udedt
hiscour
t’
sdet
ermi
nat
ion
ofi
ssuesathand.Thesui
tlandwast
her
efor
enev
erdonat
edt
o
12
anyonef
orowner
shi
ppur
poses.Ihav
eal
sonot
edt
hatnoneof
t
he def
endant
s cl
aim on t
he l
and was based on ei
thera
donat
ionorencour
agementf
rom t
hepr
esi
dent
.Thei
rcl
aimi
s
f
orowner
shi
pofBi
banj
aont
hesui
tland.Thi
sist
her
efor
enota
caseofcompul
sor
yacqui
si
ti
onofl
andbygov
ernmentwher
e
compensat
iont
oal
andowneri
sapr
e-l
i
qui
sit
e.It
her
efor
efi
nd
t
hatt
hecaseagai he149th def
nstt endantl
acksmer
itont
he
bal
anceofpr
obabi
l
iti
esandt
hesamei
sher
ebydi
smi
ssed.
Thi
sissueal
sof
ail
s.

I
SSUE3
Whet he148th def
hert endantabdi
cat
edi
tsdut
iesaspr
ovi
ded
undert
hel
aw
The 148th def
endanti
sthe Kampal
a Capi
talci
ty Aut
hor
it
y
(
KCCA)whosemandat
eisest
abl
i
shedundert
heKCCAActof
2011.Counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
fsubmi
tt
ed t
hatt
heAut
hor
it
y
abscondedi
tsdut
yundersect
ion7(
k)oft
heKCCA act
.He
submi
tt
edt
hatDW13whowast
heDeput
yDi
rect
orPhy
sical
Pl
anni
ngadmi
tt
edt
hatacompl
aintwasr
aisedt
othem on
i
l
legalst
ruct
ureson t
he sui
tland and t
he same l
ett
ert
he
pl
aint
if
frequest
edadmi
nist
rat
iveact
iont
odemol
i
sht
hei
l
legal
st
ruct
ur he148thdef
esbutt endantdi
dnotr
espondasr
equi
red
byt
hel
aw.Counsel
cit
edt
hecasesofMul
utaJosephVKat
ama
Sy
lvanSCCANo.
11of1999andOwor
iBoni
face&12Or
sHCCS
13
NO.
360of2013wher
ecour
thel
dthatKampal
aCapi
talCi
ty
Aut
hor
it
yhast
hedut
yto enf
orcebui
l
ding per
missi
onsand
wher
ether
eis non-
compl
i
ance and const
ruct
ion wi
thout
per
missi
on,t
heAut
hor
it
ycandemol
i
sht
hest
ruct
uresont
he
l
andwi
thoutanycompensat
ion.

I
nrepl
y,CounselBy
aruhangaDenni
sf he148th def
ort endant
submi
tt
edt
hatatt
het
imet
hecompl
aintwasr
aisedbyt
he
pl
aint
if
f,t
her
ewasacour
tdi
sput
eandat
empor
aryi
njunct
ion.
Thatt
hedi
sput
eisst
il
lpendi
ngi
nthi
scour
tatt
hemoment
.He
f
urt
hersubmi
tt
edt
hatduet
othecour
tcases,KCCAcoul
dnot
i
nter
fer
ewi
tht
heon-
goi
ngcour
tpr
ocessesasar
easonf
or
f
ail
uret
otakeappr
opr
iat
est
eps.

Thi
scour
tisawar
ethatKampal
aCapi
talci
tyAut
hor
it
y(KCCA)
i
saGov
ernmentent
it
yest
abl
i
shedbyt
heKampal
aCapi
talCi
ty
Act2010 and i
tis mandat
ed t
o handl
e phy
sicalpl
anni
ng
mat
ter
sinKampal
aasast
atut
orydut
y.Thel
aw r
equi
rest
hat
an enf
orcementnot
ice be i
ssued byt
he Aut
hor
it
yin such
ci
rcumst
anceswher
ether
ear
eil
l
egalst
ruct
uresonl
andunder
i
tsj
uri
sdi
cti
oni
nli
newi
thSect
ion46oft
hePhy
sicalPl
anni
ng
Act2010whi
chpr
ovi
desasf
oll
ows;
-
1)
.A l
ocalphy
sicalpl
anni
ng commi
tt
ee shal
lser
ve an
enf
orcementnot
iceonanowner
,occupi
erofdev
eloperoft
he
14
l
and,i
nthef
orm speci
fi
edi
ntheNi
nthSchedul
ewher
ethe
commi
tt
eei
ssat
isf
iedt
hatt
hedev
elopmentofl
andhasbeen
ori
s bei
ng car
ri
ed outwi
thoutt
he r
equi
red dev
elopment
per
missi
on,ort
hatany oft
he condi
ti
ons ofdev
elopment
per
missi
ongr
ant
edundert
hisacthav
enotbeencompl
i
edwi
th.

Theabov
epr
ovi
sionmandat
est
heAut
hor
it
ytoi
nter
venei
n
suchsi
tuat
ionswher
ether
ear
eil
l
egalconst
ruct
ionsonl
and.
Howev
er,KCCAcoul
dnothav
edeal
twi
thsuchst
ruct
ureson
l
andami
dstconf
li
ctsofowner
shi
pandcour
tor
der
sinpl
ace
r
est
rai
ninganyper
sont
oint
erf
erewi
tht
hest
atusquo.Paul
Kat
abaziBi
tar
abeho (
cour
twi
tness no 2)i
n hi
s ev
idence
t
est
if
iedt
hatt
her
ewer
easer
iesofcasesatt
het
imesuchas
Ci
vi
lSui
tNo.625of2014whi
chwer
eongoi
ng.Het
est
if
iedt
hat
cour
thadgr
ant
edhi
m at
empor
aryi
njunct
ionr
est
rai
ningany
onef
rom i
nter
fer
ingwi
tht
hesui
tland.Si
mil
arl
yev
idenceon
r
ecor
d,cl
ear
lyshowst
hatt
her
ear
eno cl
eardemar
cat
ions
bet
ween Kampal
a and waki
so i
nthi
s ar
ea.The i
ssue was
cl
ari
fi
edbyaj
ointsur
veyr
epor
tatt
heor
der
sofcour
t,whi
ch
cl
ear
lyputi
tundert
hemanagementofKCCA.Theobser
vat
ion
ofcour
tist
hatal
ldef
endant
sdi
dnotknowwher
ethesui
tland
f
all
s.Thi
ssi
tuat
ionwascompoundedbyanumberofdi
sput
es
andcour
tor
der
sov
ert
hesui
tland.

15
Ther
efor
e,t
he pl
aint
if
fshoul
d nothav
e expect he 148th
ed t
def
endant(
KCCA)t
o di
sobeya cour
tor
dert
o enf
orce i
ts
mandat
e.If
indt
heact
i he148th def
onsoft endanti
nfai
l
ingt
o
demol
i
sht
hei
l
legalst
ruct
uresami
dstt
heconf
usi
onar
isi
ngout
ofl
anddi
sput
es,cour
tor
der
sandt
heexactl
ocat
ionofl
and
f
orgi
vabl
eint
heci
rcumst
ances.Thi
sissuei
sal
soanswer
edi
n
t
henegat
ive.

I
SSUE4
Whet
hert
he7t
h,11t
h,14t
h,19t
hto 147t
h def
endant
sar
e
t
respasseront
hesui
tland.
I
nrespectt
othi
sissue,i
twast
hesubmi
ssi
onofcounself
or
t
hepl
aint
if
fbasi
ngont
heev
idenceoft
hepl
aint
if
f(pw1)t
hat
when he pur
chased t
he sui
tland i
thad onl
y 17 known
t
respasser
swhom hei
ntendedt
ocompensat
eaf
teracqui
sit
ion
oft
hel
and.Howev
er,by2016whenheconcl
udedt
hepay
ment
oft
hel
and,t
het
respasser
shadgr
ownt
o147,al
lcl
aimedt
o
hav
eboughtt
hei
rBi
banj
aint
erest
sfr
om Chr
ispaBi
tar
abeho
t
hey al
lcl
aimed t
o be i
n possessi
on ofBi
banj
aint
erest
agr
eement
s.Counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
ffur
thersubmi
tt
edt
hatt
he
act
ualadmi
nist
rat
oroft
hesui
tlandwasPaulBi
tar
abeho(
cour
t
wi
tnessNO.
2)andal
lsal
esbyChr
isperBi
tar
abehower
eil
l
egal
.
Thatt
hiswasbecauseoft
hecar
dinalpr
inci
pleofl
awt
hatone
cannotpassabet
tert
it
let
hanwhatt
heyhav
eandonecannot
16
passt
it
leov
erwhatt
heydon’
thav
e.Heci
tedGodf
reyOj
wang
VsWi
l
sonBagonzaCi
vi
lAppealNo.25of2002t
odr
aw a
f
oundat
ionf
orhi
scl
aim.Counself
urt
hersubmi
tt
edt
hatt
he
geogr
aphi
calor
ient
ati
onoft
hel
andaspert
hej
ointsur
vey
r
epor
t(PExh.
10)cl
ear
lyshowedt
hatt
hesui
tlandwasl
ocat
ed
i
nKampal
a-Mper
erweandnotl
usanj
a-Waki
soascl
aimedbyal
l
t
hedef
endant
swi
tnesseswhom hecl
aimsar
etr
espasser
s.
Counself
ort
he Pl
aint
if
fal
so r
eli
ed t
he ev
idence ofPW2
Chr
isperBi
tar
abeho t
heper
son f
rom whom t
hedef
endant
s
cl
aimt
ohav
epur
chasedt
hei
rint
erest
s.Shegav
eev
idenceof
t
he ef
fectt
hatshe nev
ersol
d any one Ki
banj
a ov
ert
he
pl
aint
if
f’
slandatSekany
ony
i-
Mper
erwe.Thepl
aint
if
f’
scounsel
al
sor
eli
edonev
idenceofPW3whot
est
if
iedast
heLC1of
Sekany
ony
i-
Mper
erweandconf
ir
medt
ocour
tthatt
he3r
dto
147t
hdef
endant
swer
enotr
esi
dent
sofhi
sar
eaandt
hathedi
d
notsi
gnanysal
eagr
eementoft
heki
banj
abel
ongi
ngt
oanyof
t
hesai
ddef
endant
s.Counself
ort
hepl
aint
if
ffi
nal
l
ysubmi
tt
ed
t
hatDW1,DW2,DW3,DW5,DW6,DW7,DW8,DW9DW10,D12,
DW14,DW15,DW16 and DW17 who gav
e ev
idence and
t
ender
edi
nagr
eement
swhi
chcl
ear
lyshow t
hatt
heBi
banj
a
t
heypur
chasedar
esi
tuat
einLusanj
ainWaki
soDi
str
ict
.

Ont
heot
herhand,Counself
ort
he3r
dto147t
hdef
endant
submi
tt
edt
hatbyt
het
imeofpur
chaseoft
hesui
tland,
the7t
h,
17
11t
h,12t
h,19t
hto127t
hdef
endant
swer
einf
ulloccupat
ionof
t
hesui
tlandi
nthei
rrespect
iveBi
banj
a.Thatatt
het
imeoft
he
pur
chaset
hepl
aint
if
fwasf
ull
yawar
eoft
hesei
nter
est
sonhi
s
l
andbuti
gnor
edt
hem.Counselsubmi
tt
edt
hatdur
ingcr
oss-
ex
ami
nat
ion,t
he pl
aint
if
fadmi
tt
ed t
hatt
her
e was no sal
e
agr
eementi
nrespectt
othesui
tlandanddi
dnotev
enbot
hert
o
makeassear
chf
ort
hesai
dlandt
oascer
tai
nwhet
hert
her
e
wer
eint
erest
satt
het
imeandhadhedonet
hesear
chhewoul
d
hav
efoundt
hedef
endant
sont
hesui
tland.Counself
urt
her
submi
tt
edt
hatt
hepl
aint
if
fhasnev
erbeeni
npossessi
onoft
he
sui
tlandandt
husi
snotent
it
ledt
other
emedi
essought
.He
r
efer
redt
othev
ari
ouspur
chaseagr
eement
s,whi
chshowed
t
hatt
hedef
endant
swer
eont
hesui
tlandwaybacki
n2011and
y
ett
hedef
endantwasr
egi
ster
edont
hesui
tlandj
usti
n2016.
Counselr
eli
edont
hecaseofNabanobaDesi
rant
a&AnorV
Kay
iwaJosephHCCSNo.
496of2005whi
chcour
tdet
ermi
ned
t
hatapur
chasewi
thoutduei
nqui
ri
esamount
stof
raud.

Cour
tsposi
ti
oni
sthatenj
oymentofone’
spr
ivat
epr
oper
tyi
sa
const
it
uti
onalr
ight
.Iti
sanof
fenceoft
respasst
oint
erf
ere
wi
thone’
sri
ghtt
opr
oper
ty. Thati
swhyTr
espassi
sst
il
la
cr
imi
nalof
fencei
nthel
awsofUganda.I
tisi
ntendedt
opuni
sh
t
hosewhoi
nter
fer
ewi
thone’
spr
ivat
eowner
shi
ptopr
oper
ty.
Tr
espass consi
sts of any unj
ust
if
iabl
eint
rusi
on upon or
18
i
nter
fer
encewi
tht
hel
andi
npossessi
onofanot
herandcanbe
oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng:
1.Ent
eri
nguponal
andi
npossessi
onofanot
herwi
thout
per
missi
on.
2.Remai
ningonl
andent
eredwi
thper
missi
onaf
terr
equest
t
o mov
e has been made (
e.g.bei
ng sentawaybya
l
andl
ordandy
our
efuset
ogoaway
,iti
str
espasst
oland)
.
3.Pl
aci
ngort
hrowi
ngawayanyobj
ectuponi
twi
thoutany
l
awf
ulj
ust
if
icat
ion.
Thecommonestf
orm oft
respasst
olandi
stheper
sonalent
ry
byt
hedef
endantont
othel
andorbui
l
dingoccupi
edbyt
he
pl
aint
if
f.Thet
respassmustbev
olunt
ari
l
ysot
hati
faper
soni
s
car
ri
ed orf
orced i
nto anot
herl
and onhi
spar
tther
eisno
t
respass as was hel
din Smi
th Vs St
one.08 F.
2D 15(
9th
Ci
r.
1962)
TheSupr
emeCour
tint
hecaseofJust
ineE.
M.N Lut
aay
avs.
St
ir
li
ngCi
vi
lEng.Ci
v.
AppealNo.11of2002,hel
dthatt
respass
t
olandoccur
swhenaper
sonmakesanunaut
hor
isedent
ry
upon anot
her
’sl
and and t
her
eby i
nter
fer
ing wi
th anot
her
per
son’
slawf
ulpossessi
onoft
hel
and.
I
tshoul
dbenot
edt
hataper
sonwhosuesi
ntr
espassi
sa
per
soni
npossessi
onoft
hel
and.Possessi
onmayei
therbe
possessi
oni
nlaw,
Possessi
oni
nfactori
mmedi
atepossessi
on.
I
nJust
ineE.
M.N Lut
aay
avs.St
erl
i
ngCi
vi
lEng(
supr
a)i
twas
19
hel
dthatpossessi
ondoesnotonl
ymeanphy
sicaloccupat
ion
butal
soi
ncl
udesconst
ruct
ivepossessi
on.

I
nthi
scaseev
idenceshowst
hatsomedef
endantpur
chased
t
hei
rBi
banj
aint
erest
sfr
om Chr
isperBi
tar
abeho and ot
her
s
f
rom amongstt
hemsel
ves.Thi
sisev
idencebyt
heagr
eement
s
whi
chwer
eadmi
tt
edonr
ecor
d.Howev
er,
thecommonsel
l
ert
o
t
hemaj
ori
tyi
schr
isperBi
tar
abeho.Nosi
ngl
epi
eceofev
idence
i
sonr
ecor
dtoshow t
hatanyoft
hedef
endant
sboughtl
and
f
rom t
heor
igi
nalowneroft
hel
andort
headmi
nist
rat
or(
Paul
kat
abazi
Bit
arabeho)
.

Thesai
dcr
isperBi
tar
abehot
est
if
iedi
nthi
scour
taspw3and
st
atedt
hatshedi
dnotsal
etoanyoft
hedef
endant
sthel
andi
n
di
sput
e atSekany
ony
i-
Mper
erwe,whi
ch i
n herv
iew i
sthe
pl
aint
if
f’
slandandi
nsi
stedt
hatshesol
dsomeoft
heBi
banj
ain
quest
iont
osomeoft
hedef
endant
sinadi
ff
erentar
eaf
rom t
he
l
andi
ndi
sput
e.Atl
ocusshewasabl
etopoi
ntatt
hel
andshe
sol
dtosomeoft
hedef
endant
swhi
chwasi
ndeedf
araway
f
rom t
hesui
tland atadi
stanceev
en bey
ond cour
tsv
iew.
Secondl
y some t
he def
endant
’s agr
eement
s whi
ch wer
e
admi
tt
edi
ncour
tindi
cat
ethel
andt
heyboughtwasi
nlusanj
a
waki
sodi
str
ict
.
Howev
erbasi
ngont
hej
ointsur
veyr
epor
tPEXh10;andt
he
20
l
ocusv
isi
tit
,itbecamecl
eart
hatt
hesui
tlandwassi
tuat
ein
Mper
erwe Kampal
a di
str
ict and not i
n Lusanj
a as t
he
def
endant
swant
edcour
ttobel
i
eve.

Atl
ocusIobser
vedt
hatt
hel
andi
ndi
sput
ewassi
tuat
ein
Mper
erweKampal
adi
str
ict
.Ithowev
erbor
der
slandi
nlusanj
a
wher
ethe def
endant
’s agr
eement
sfal
l
.Ther
e wer
eaf
ew
st
ruct
uresont
hesui
tland,
twot
ent
sandmostoft
hel
andwas
v
acant
.Ial
so obser
ved t
hatsome pr
oper
ti
es/ st
ruct
ures
bel
ongi
ngt
opeopl
e(par
ti
esandnon-par
ti
es)t
othesui
twer
e
af
fect
ed by boundar
ies oft
he sui
tland.Those t
hatwer
e
af
fect
edbyt
heboundar
iesar
eNal
ongokav
umaI
ddi
,ki
i
her
a
musef
aru,KambaDani
el,El
iAy
oti
,luy
imaPat
ri
candki
runda
I
van.

PW3 Ssej
emba Henr
y,t
he LC1 chai
rman of Sekany
ony
i-
Mper
erwe (wher
ethesui
tlandi
ssi
tuat
e)t
est
if
iedi
ncour
t
and conf
ir
med t
hatt
he 3r
dto 147t
h def
endant
s wer
e not
r
esi
dent
sofhi
sar
eaandt
hathehadnev
ersi
gnedanysal
e
agr
eementof t
he ki
banj
a bel
ongi
ng t
o any of t
he sai
d
def
endant
s.Theonl
ypi
ctur
ethatcanbecl
ear
lydr
awnf
rom
t
hisev
idencei
sthatt
hedef
endant
swer
emi
sledandconf
used
aboutt
heexactl
ocat
ionoft
hel
andt
heybought
.Thei
rpr
obl
em
21
wascompoundedbyt
hei
gnor
anceoft
hechai
rmanLC1of
l
usanj
a DW3(
kibuka)who cont
inued t
o admi
nist
erl
and i
n
Kampal
ayethewaschai
rmanofLusanj
ainWaki
sodi
str
ict
.i
tis
t
her
efor
enotsur
pri
singt
hathesi
gnedonagr
eement
sfort
he
sal
eofl
andi
nKampal
aandnotLusanj
a.Thi
sheconf
ir
medi
n
cour
tandatl
ocus.

Howev
erev
eni
fthedef
endant
sBi
banj
awer
eto bef
ound
l
ocat
ed,
i
nthedi
sput
edl
andt
hei
rcl
aim woul
dfacechal
l
enges
ont
hebasi
sthatt
heyacqui
redt
hei
rint
erestf
rom awr
ongpar
ty.
Thepr
operpar
tyi
stheadmi
nist
rat
oroft
heest
atewho i
s
cl
othedwi
tht
heaut
hor
it
ytodeal
wit
htheest
ate.

Cour
twi
tnessNo.
2,PaulKat
abaziBi
tar
abehot
oldcour
tthathe
wast
her
ightadmi
nist
rat
oroft
heest
ateoft
hei
rlat
efat
her
hav
ingobt
ainedt
hel
ett
ersofadmi
nist
rat
ioni
nthey
ear2012.
Hedi
sput
edt
het
ransi
ti
onsmadebyChr
ispaBi
tar
abehoher
si
ster
,ashenev
eraut
hor
isedhert
osel
lanypar
toft
heest
ate.
Thi
sev
idencewasnotcont
est
ed i
ncour
tand i
tnegat
ivel
y
af
fect
sthedef
endant
scl
aim.

I
tst
ri
tel
awt
hatnoper
soni
saut
hor
izedt
odealwi
tht
heEst
ate
of t
he deceased except f
or someone wi
th l
ett
ers of
Admi
nist
rat
ion.The gener
alposi
ti
on undert
he l
aw as per
22
Sect
ion191ofSuccessi
onAct(
supr
a)i
sthat
;
“
Exceptasher
eaf
terpr
ovi
ded,butsubj
ectt
osect
ion4oft
he
Admi
nist
rat
orGener
al’
sAct
,nor
ightt
oanypar
toft
hepr
oper
ty
ofaper
sonwhohasdi
edi
ntest
ateshal
lbeest
abl
i
shedi
nany
cour
tofj
ust
ice,unl
essl
ett
ersofadmi
nist
rat
ionhav
efi
rstbeen
gr
ant
edbyacour
tofcompet
entj
uri
sdi
cti
on.
”

Cl
ear
ly,t
hispr
ovi
si
onwoul
drenderanyact
sofaper
sonor
per
sonsi
nrel
ati
ont
otheest
ateoft
hedeceasedper
soni
l
legal
,
nul
land v
oidi
fthatper
son has notobt
ained Let
ter
s of
Admi
nist
rat
ion.Thi
sisbecausei
tisonl
ybyt
hegr
antt
hata
per
sonorper
sonsar
ecl
othedwi
tht
hel
egalaut
hor
it
ytodeal
wi
tht
heest
ateoranypar
toft
heest
ateoft
hedeceased.

I
nMakul
aInt
ernat
ionalv
s.Hi
sEmi
nenceCar
dinalNsubuga&
Anot
her[
1989]HCB11;andNept
uneNor
atanBhat
iav
s.Cr
ane
BankLt
d CACA No.75 of2006 cour
tnot
ed t
hatoncean
i
l
legal
i
tyi
sbr
oughtt
otheat
tent
ionoft
hecour
titcannotbe
i
gnor
ed.

I
tist
her
efor
ecl
eart
hatev
eni
fitwer
etobet
ruet
hatt
he
def
endant
sacqui
redt
hei
rbi
banj
aint
erest
sint
hesui
tland,
thei
r
pur
por
tedBi
banj
aint
erest
scanonl
ybeder
ivedf
rom Chr
isper
Bi
tar
abehowhodi
dnothav
eaut
hor
it
ytosel
l
.Ther
efor
e,t
hei
r
23
cl
aim asbi
banj
ahol
der
scannotbesai
dtobev
ali
dinl
awand
cannotsucceed.Ther
ight
fulper
sonwhohadaut
hor
it
ytosel
l
wast
headmi
nist
rat
or,Mr
.Bi
tar
abehoKat
abaziPaulwhowas
notev
enknownbyal
lthecl
aimant
s.Somewi
tnesseswho
t
est
if
iedasDw6andDw10i
nfor
medcour
tthatt
heydi
dnot
know whoPaulKat
abaziBi
tar
abeho(
admi
nist
rat
or)wasand
t
hatt
heyhadnev
erseenhi
m.

I
tisanest
abl
i
shedpr
inci
palofl
awt
hatonceapar
tydoesnot
know hi
slandl
ordi
tisev
idenceenought
orel
yont
oqual
i
fy
hi
m asat
respasser
.

I
tist
hiscour
t’
sfi
ndi
ng t he 20th t
hatt o 147t
h def
endant
s
t
respassedont
hepl
aint
if
f’
slandcompr
isedi
nKy
adobl
ock206
pl
ot671si
ncet
hei
rpur
por
tedbi
banj
aint
erest
sar
enotl
ocat
ed
i
nthesui
tlandandsecondl
ytheyacqui
redt
hei
rint
erest
sfr
om
Chr
isperBi
tar
abehowhodi
dnothav
eaut
hor
it
ytosel
lland
bel
ongi
ngt
otheest
ateofPaulBi
tar
abehobef
oret
hesame
wasdi
str
ibut
edt
oherbyt
her
ecogni
sedadmi
nist
rat
or.

Howev
er,t
he 7t h,14th and 19th def
h,11t endant
s namel
y
Nanser
ekoMadi
nah,Kany
ikeFr
ed,Ki
l
abi
l
aJohn,andNany
anzi
Scov
ial
ayi
nadi
ff
erentcat
egor
yofdef
endant
s.Ev
idenceon
r
ecor
dsuppor
tst
heposi
ti
ont
hatt
heyar
eamongt
heor
igi
nal
24
17occupant
sont
hesui
tlandt
hathadbeensuedbyt
hecour
t
wi
tness2PaulKat
abaziBi
tar
abeho(
admi
nist
rat
oroft
heest
ate
oft
hel
atePaulBi
tar
abeho)i
nci
vi
lsui
tno625/
2014(
pexh3)
.
Thesai
dPaulBi
tar
abehoandpw1conf
ir
medt
othi
scour
tthat
t
hepl
aint
if
fwasawar
eoft
heexi
stenceoft
heseper
sonsont
he
sui
tlandatt
het
imeofpur
chase.Hecommencednegot
iat
ions
wi
th some of t
hem so t
o compensat
ethem.Howev
er
accor
ding t
o PEX1-
37(
memor
andums of under
standi
ngs
bet
weent
hepl
aint
if
fandsomeoft
hedef
endant he7th,
s)t 11t
h,
14thand19thdef
endant
swer
enotcompensat
edbyt
hepl
aint
if
f
andy
ethecompensat
edt
hei
rco-def
endant
sint
heor
igi
nal
sui
t.

The conductoft
he pl
aint
if
fwhi
l
e deal
i
ng wi
tht
hese f
our
def
endant
s pl
aces t
hem i
nthe r
eal
m oft
he doct
ri
nes of
l
egi
ti
mat
e expect
ati
on i
n publ
i
claw and est
oppl
e.These
doct
ri
nesi
ntendt
ogi
ver
eli
eft
opeopl
ewhent
heyar
enotabl
e
t
ojust
if
ythei
rcl
aims based on t
he l
aw as was st
ated i
n
1.
P.Massey
,Admi
nist
rat
ivel
aw 8t
h Ed.Atpp344-
345.The
essencei
sthaty
oucannotr
epr
esentt
osomeonet
hatt
heyar
e
ent
it
ledt
osomet
hingandt
urnar
oundt
openal
i
set
hem when
t
heyst
and up t
o cl
aim i
t.I
nthe i
nst
antcase,i
twas t
he
ev
idence ofPW1 Mr
.Ki
conco Medar
dthathe f
ound 17
t
respasser
sont
hel
andandwenti
ntonegot
iat
ionswi
tht
hem,
compesat
edsomeoft
hem andot
her
sfai
l
edatnegot
iat
ion
25
l
evelwhent
heyaskedf
ormor
emoneyandt
henumbergr
ew
bey
ondt
heor
igi
nal
17.Fr
om t
hisev
idencei
tiscl
eart
hatt
he
pl
aint
if
frepr
esent
edt
otheor
igi
nal
17per
sonshef
oundonl
and
t
hat t
hey wer
e ent
it
led t
o compensat
ion a r
eason t
hey
ex
erci
sedt
hei
rpower
satnegot
iat
ions.Thepl
aint
if
fisest
opped
f
rom deny
ing t
hathe v
ali
dat
ed t
hei
roccupancy when he
commencednegot
iat
ionsandcompensat
ionpr
ocesst
othem.
Heact
ual
l
ysucceededi
ncompensat
ingand/
ordealwi
th13of
t
hem outoft
he17or
igi
naloccupant
sandwi
thdr
ew cases
agai
nstt
hem l
eav
ing4oft
hem whof
ail
edatnegot
iat
ions.

Al
thought
hesef
ourdef
endant
swer
eor
igi
nal
l
ytr
espasser
s,
t
hepl
aint
if
fel
evat
edt
hem t
oaspeci
alcat
egor
yoft
respasser
s
when he r
epr
esent
ed t
othem t
hatt
hey wer
e ent
it
led t
o
compensat
ion.Pr
inci
ples of equi
ty di
ctat
ethat
,the f
our
def
endant
scannotber
emov
edf
rom t
hel
andwi
thoutal
evelof
compensat
ionf
ort
hemi
srepr
esent
ati
onbyt
heper
sonseeki
ng
t
oev
ictt
hem.Ther
efor
e,t
hiscour
tdi
rect
sthatbef
oret
he4
def
endant
sabov
eleav
ethel
and,t
hepl
aint
if
fcompensat
es
eachoneoft
hem wi
thanamountofmoneyequi
val
entt
othe
pur
chasepr
icei
nthei
rrespect
ivepur
chaseagr
eement
swhi
ch
wer
eadmi
tt
edi
ncour
t.
Thi
sissuepar
tl
ysucceeds.
26
I
SSUE5

Whatr
emedi
esar
eav
ail
abl
etot
hepar
ti
es?

1.Adecl
arat
iont
hatt
hepl
aint
if
fist
heowneroft
hel
andi
n
di
sput
e.
Ont
hispr
ayert
hepl
aint
if
fthepl
aint
if
fhasbeenf
oundt
ohav
e
pur
chased t
he l
and i
n di
sput
elawf
ull
yfr
om t
he r
ight
ful
admi
nist
rat
orandgotr
egi
ster
edi
nApr
il
,2016.Themaj
ori
tyof
t
hedef
endant
shav
ingsoughtt
obet
respasser
sint
hesui
tland,
he i
sther
efor
e decl
ared a l
awf
ull
yowneroft
he sui
tland
compr
ised i
n ky
adondo bl
ock 206 pl
ot 671 subj
ect t
o
compensat
ion of onl
y 4 def
endant
s ment
ioned i
n t
he
j
udgement
.

2.GENERALDAMAGES.
The pl
aint
if
f sought f
or gener
aldamages amount
ing t
o
500,
000,
000=(
fi
vehundr
edmi
l
li
on)
Thel
aw concer
ning gener
aldamagesf
ort
respasst
olandi
s
t
hatdamagesar
eint
endedt
ocompensat
ethecl
aimantf
or
bei
ngkeptoutofhi
slandonwhat
everbasi
stheyar
eassessed.
Gener
aldamagesf
ort
respassi
nal
lit
sfor
msi
sact
ionabl
eper
27
se,i
.e.
,ther
eisnoneedf
ort
hepl
aint
if
ftopr
ovet
hatheorshe
hassust
ainedact
ualdamage.Thatnodamagemustbeshown
bef
oreanact
ionwi
l
lli
eisani
mpor
tanthal
l
mar
koft
respasst
o
l
andascont
rast
edwi
thot
hert
ort
s.Butwi
thoutpr
oofofact
ual
l
oss ordamage,cour
ts usual
l
y awar
d nomi
naldamages.
Damagesf
ort
ort
sact
ionabl
epersear
esai
dtobe“
atl
arge”
,
t
hati
stosayt
heCour
t,t
aki
ngal
lther
elev
antci
rcumst
ances
i
ntoaccount
,wi
l
lreachani
ntui
ti
veassessmentoft
hel
oss
whi
chi
tconsi
der
sthepl
aint
if
fhassust
ained.Gener
aldamages
t
her
efor
ear
edi
scr
eti
onar
yinnat
ure.

I
nthi
scaseasr
egar
dst
othe7th11t
h,14thand19thdef
endant
s.
Thi
scour
thasal
readyf
oundt
hatt
hepl
aint
if
fisest
oppedf
rom
deny
ingt
hathev
ali
dat
edt
hei
roccupancywhenhecommenced
negot
iat
ions and compensat
ion pr
ocesses wi
tht
hem.That
bei
ngt
hecase,t
heci
rcumst
ancesoft
hiscasedonotj
ust
if
y
t
heawar
dofdamagesagai
nstt 7th,11t
hem ( hand19th)
h,14t
def
endant
s.

Asr
egar
dst
hepr
ayerf
ordamagesagai
nstt
he127def
endant
s
t
hatmov
edcour
ttobeaddedasj
ointdef
endant
s,Iam equal
l
y
const
rai
ned t
o make or
der
s ofdamages agai
nstt
hem f
or
r
easonst
hatt
heywer
econf
usedagai
nstt
heexactl
ocat
ionof
28
t
hesui
tlandwhi
chwasnotev
enknownbyt
hei
rLC1chai
rman
whowi
tnessedt
her
eagr
eement
s.Themaj
ori
tywhot
est
if
iedi
n
cour
tappear
ed t
o be i
l
li
ter
ate and needed gui
dance f
rom
l
awy
ersatt
het
imeofpur
chase.Al
thoughi
gnor
ancei
snota
def
encet
het
otal
i
tyoft
heci
rcumst
ancessur
roundi
ngt
hiscase
asperev
idenceonr
ecor
dbr
ingoutagener
alconf
usi
onoft
he
demar
cat
ionoft
hesui
tland.Theyhav
eal
sopr
evi
ousl
ylost
t
hei
rst
ruct
ures,
whi
chwer
eputdownasar
esul
toft
heev
ict
ion
or
der
.
I
tist
her
efor
eint
hei
nter
estofj
ust
icenott
omakeanyor
der
s
t
odamagest
hem.

3.Apr
ayerf
orv
acantpossessi
onandper
manenti
njunct
ion.
An or
derofper
manenti
njunct
ion i
s gr
ant
ed agai
nstt
he
def
endant
swhohav
ebeenf
oundt
respasser
sint
hesui
tland.
Asr
egar
dsv
acantpossessi
on,t
hepl
aint
if
fhasal
readybeen
decl
ared a l
awf
ul owner of t
he sui
tland subj
ect t
o
compensat
ionoft
he4def
endant
s.Hei
sther
efor
egr
ant
ed
v
acantpossessi
onoft
hesui
tlandwi
thi
naper
iodof1mont
h
af
terf
ullcompensat
ionoft
he4def
endant
sher
einnamed.

4.COSTS
Thepl
aint
if
fsoughtf
oranor
derofcost
s
29
I
ndeci
dingt
hisi
ssuet
hiscour
tisgui
dedbyt
hepr
ovi
sions
sect
ion27(
1)ofTheCi
vi
lPr
ocedur
eActwhi
chconf
ersupona
Judge,t
hedi
scr
eti
onandf
ullpowert
odet
ermi
nebywhom and
outofwhatpr
oper
tyandt
owhatext
entcost
sinci
dentt
oal
l
sui
tsar
etobepai
d,andt
ogi
veal
lnecessar
ydi
rect
ionsf
ort
hat
pur
poses.

Despi
tet
hisv
ery wi
de di
scr
eti
on,as a gener
alr
ulet
he
successf
ulpar
tyi
ncont
est
edpr
oceedi
ngsi
susual
l
yent
it
ledt
o
anawar
dofcost
s.I
tist
heaccept
edgener
alr
uleofourl
awt
hat
,
i
ntheabsenceofspeci
alci
rcumst
ancescost
sfol
l
owt
heev
ent
.
(
seeRi
tt
erv
.Godf
rey(
1920)2KB47)
.Howev
er,t
hisr
ulewi
l
l
y
iel
dwher
econsi
der
ati
onsoff
air
nessr
equi
rei
t.Thecour
tmay
aswel
lexer
cisei
tsdi
scr
eti
oni
nawar
dingcost
sasameansof
enhanci
ng pr
operuse oft
he scar
ce and expensi
ve cour
t
r
esour
ce.

I
nconsi
der
ingt
heexer
ciseofi
tsdi
scr
eti
onandwhet
hert
o
“
other
wiseor
der
,”
cour
tint
hecaseofADRABO STANELYVS
MADI
RAJI
MMYHCCSNO.0024OF2013whi
l
eci
ti
ngt
hecase
Dev
li
nJAngl
o-Cy
pri
anTr
adeAgenci
esLt
dv.PaphosWi
ne
I
ndust
ri
esLt
d,[
1951]1 Al
lER 873 f
ormul
ated t
her
elev
ant
pr
inci
pleasf
oll
ows:
Thegener
alpr
oposi
ti
onf
ort
hatr
easoni
sthatt
heunsuccessf
ul
30
par
tyseeki
ngt
obeabsol
vedofl
i
abi
l
ityt
opayt
hesuccessf
ul
par
ty’
scost
soft
hepr
oceedi
ngsbear
sthebur
denofpr
ovi
ng
speci
alci
rcumst
ances
Thespeci
alci
rcumst
ancesenv
isagedor
dinar
il
yinv
olv
esome
sor
tofmi
sconducton t
he par
toft
he successf
ulpar
ty.
"
Misconduct
"int
hiscont
extmeansmi
sconductr
elat
ingt
othe
l
i
tigat
ion,
ort
heci
rcumst
ancesl
eadi
ngupt
othel
i
tigat
ion.Such
conductmayi
ncl
ude;
-asui
tnotbr
oughtbonaf
ides,butr
ather
asav
ehi
clet
ofor
ceorcoer
cet
heot
herpar
tyt
obendt
othe
pl
aint
if
f’
swi
l
l; wher
ethesuccessf
ulappl
i
canthadf
ail
edon
mor
eissues t
han he had succeeded,t
hatmay make i
t
r
easonabl
ethatheorshebear
stheexpenseofl
i
tigat
ingt
hat
por
ti
on upon whi
ch he orshe has f
ail
ed (
see For
sterv
.
Far
quhar(
1893)1QB564)

I
nthei
nst
antcase,
Ihav
enotf
oundanymi
sconductont
hepar
t
oft
hepl
aint
if
frel
ati
ngt
othel
i
tigat
ion,howev
erIhav
enot
ed
t
hat t
hat t
he pl
aint
if
ffi
l
ed t
his sui
t agai
nst 5 di
ff
erent
cat
egor
iesofpeopl
eandr
aised5i
ssues.Thecasehasbeen
di
smi
ssedont
hef
ir
st3i
ssueswhi
chwoul
dideal
l
ymeant
hat
t
he pl
aint
if
fwoul
d hav
e been or
der
ed t
o paycost
stot
he
par
ti
es agai
nstwhom t
his case was di
smi
ssed.Howev
er,
ev
idenceonr
ecor
dshowst
hatt
hepl
aint
if
fhasbeendeni
ed
use of hi
s l
and t
empor
ari
l
y t
o enabl
e concl
usi
on of
31
i
nvest
igat
ioni
nthemat
ter
.Iti
sther
efor
eint
hei
nter
estof
j
ust
icenott
omakesuchor
der
sagai
nstt
hepl
aint
if
f.

Ont
heot
herhand,t
hemaj
ori
ty(
127)def
endant
swer
enot
suedbyt
hepl
aint
if
fbutappl
i
edt
obej
oinedasco-def
endant
s
ont
hei
rownv
idemi
scel
l
aneousappl
i
cat
ionno.341of2019
andwer
eaddedt
othecase.Theydef
endedt
hecaseandl
ost
andasar
ule,
theymustpaycost
s.Ther
efor
e,t
he127(
from t
he
20tht
othe147thdef
endant
s)whower
eaddedasco-
def
endant
s
t
othesui
tshal
lbeart
hecost
soft
hissui
t.

I
n concl
usi
on,t
her
efor
ethi
s sui
tpar
tl
ysucceeds wi
tht
he
f
oll
owi
ngor
der
s;

1.Thepl
aint
if
fisdecl
aredt
hel
awf
ulowneroft
hesui
tland
compr
ised i
n ky
adondo bl
ock206 pl
ot671 subj
ectt
o
compensat
ion ofonl
y4 def
endant
s ment
ioned i
nthe
j
udgement
.

2.Noor
derast
ogener
alandexempl
arydamagesi
sgr
ant
ed.

3.Anor
derdi
rect
ingal
lper
sonsnamedi
nthej
udgementas
per
sonsaf
fect
edbyt
hel
andboundar
iesoft
hesui
tland,
t
oremov
ether
est
ruct
ureswi
thi
naper
iodof30day
s
f
rom t
hedat
eofj
udgementf
ail
ureofwhi
chexecut
iont
o

32
 i
ssue.

4.Anor
derf
orper
manenti
njunct
ionandv
acantpossessi
on
i
s gr
ant nst3rd t
ed agai o 147th def
endantsubj
ectt
o
compensat
ion of Nanser
eko Mar
dina,Kany
ike Fr
ed,
Ki
rabi
raJohnandNany
anziscov
ia.Vacantpossessi
on
shal
lonl
ybeef
fect
edi
ftheDef
endant
swi
l
lnotv
olunt
ari
l
y
l
eav
einaper
iodofonemont
h.

5.The 148th def

endant(
KCCA)i
s or
der
ed t
o putpr
oper
demar
cat
ionssepar
ati
ngKampal
afr
om Waki
sodi
str
icti
n
t
hear
eaandputpr
operboundar
iesi
ntheshor
testt
ime
possi
blet
o av
oidf
utur
econf
usi
onsand dealwi
tht
he
i
l
legal
str
uct
uresont
hepl
aint
if
fsl
and.

6.Cost
sawar
dedt
othepl
aint
if
fagai he20tht
nstt othe147th
def
endant
s.

Dat
edatKampal
athi
s4t
hday
,Oct
ober
,2019

………………………………………………………………………

TADEOASI
IMWE

JUDGE

33