Antique National School

Senior High School

San Jose, Antique

THE LEVEL OF DIGITAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG GRADE

12 TVL STUDENTS OF ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

(For the Subject Practical Research II)

Researchers:

Nelson F. Azon Jr.

Luis Yuri S. Mendoza
Renald S. Manaquil
Marsh Millares
Mark Anelson Sumugat
Serafin S. Armonio III
Fredie Alagos
Tj Villaruz
Kurt Fabillano
Christian Rey Orcajada
Von Cyrick Libres

Ms. Fea Delos Santos

Research Teacher

SY: 2023-2024

CHAPTER 1

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INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes (a) Background of the Study, (b) Statement of the Problem, (c)

Hypothesis, (d) Research Framework, (e) Scope and Delimitation, (f) Significance of the Study, (g)

Definition of Terms

Background of the Study

Digital skills are very important in today's society as they have potential impact on academic

performance of students. With the rapid advancement of technology, it is crucial for students to

possess adequate digital skills to navigate and succeed in various academic and professional settings,

digital skills are both seen as crucial, the combination is not yet sufficiently defined. In this respect,

the concept of ‘21st-century digital skills’ is introduced. Such skills are critical for both people and

organizations for keeping up with developments and innovating products and processes.

Academic performance committed more serious and violent offenses more frequently,

continued in their offending, and were found to have a negative link between academic performances

and to explore the digital divide. Student performance improves with the innovative and collaborative

use of ICTs; fourth, the acquisition of digital skills increases students’ academic performance (Lewin

and et.al 2015)

The study aims to assess the current level of digital skills among Grade 12 TVL (Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood) students at Antique National School. It seeks to identify the specific digital

skills that students possess, such as proficiency in using software applications, internet research,

online collaboration, and digital communication. Additionally, the study aims to examine the

relationship between students' digital skills and their academic performance and class participation in

school.

By understanding the level of digital skills among Grade 12 TVL students and its impact on

academic performance, the study intends to provide insights and recommendations for educators,

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policymakers, and school administrators to enhance digital literacy programs and support students in

developing the necessary skills for future success in the digital age.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the relationship between digital skills and academic

performance of Grade 12 TVL students of Antique National School SY: 2023-2024:

1. What is the current level of digital skills among Grade 12 TVL Students at Antique National

School, In terms of:

a. Software Application

b. Internet Research

c. Digital Communication

2. What is the level of academic performance of student?

3. Is there is a significant relationship between digital skills and academic application of

student?

Hypothesis

This hypothesis suggests that there may be a correlation between the level of digital skills

possessed by Grade 12 TVL students and their academic performance. The alternative hypothesis

proposes that higher levels of digital skills are associated with better academic performance, while the

null hypothesis assumes no significant relationship between the two variables. The study will aim to

test these hypotheses through data analysis and statistical methods to determine the nature and

strength of the relationship between digital skills and academic performance among Grade 12 TVL

students at Antique National School.

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Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework for the level of digital skills and academic performance among

grade 12 TVL students is based on the digital literacy theory (Potter et. al, 2006).

This framework draws upon the concept of digital literacy, which refers to the ability to use

digital technologies effectively and critically to access, evaluate, create, and communicate

information. It encompasses various skills, including technological proficiency and media literacy.

The study will assess the level of digital literacy among Grade 12 TVL students and its level with

their academic performance in terms of class participation and grades (DiMaggio et. al 2001).

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for the study on "The Level of Digital Skills and Academic

Performance Among Grade 12 TVL Students of Antique National School" can be represented as

follows:

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

DIGITAL SKILLS
Academic Performance
a. Software Application
a. Grades
b. Internet Research
b. Class Participation
c. Digital communication

Figure I. The paradigm of the study showing the level of digital skills and academic performance

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Scope and Delimitation

This study aim to determine the level of digital skills and academic performance of Grade 12

TVL student in Antique National School.

The researchers limited the study to 100 male and female Grade 12 TVL students enrolled in

school year 2023-2024 of Antique National School. Each of the respondent was selected through a

random sampling techniques and respondent instrument. The student selected came from different

sections of Grade 12 to prevent bias and get their objective perceptions

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

School Improvement: The study can provide valuable insights for school administrators and

educators at Antique National School to identify areas for improvement in their digital literacy

programs. It can help them tailor their teaching methods and resources to better meet the needs of

Grade 12 TVL students, ultimately enhancing their academic performance.

Policy Development: The findings of the study can inform the development of policies and

guidelines related to digital literacy education. Policymakers can use the results to create initiatives

that promote the integration of digital skills into the curriculum and provide necessary resources and

training for teachers and students.

Educational Improvement: The study will contribute to the improvement of education by

providing insights into the current level of digital skills among Grade 12 TVL students. This

information can be used to develop interventions and curriculum enhancements to enhance digital

literacy and improve academic performance.

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Future Workforce Readiness: By understanding the digital skills of Grade 12 TVL

students, the study can help identify areas for improvement and ensure that students are equipped with

the necessary skills to succeed in their chosen careers.

Overall, the study's significance lies in its potential to contribute to educational improvement,

future workforce readiness, policy development, bridging the digital divide, and school improvement

efforts at Antique National School.

Definition of Terms

The following key terms are defined for the study operationally;

Digital Skills: Refers to the abilities and competencies required to effectively and efficiently

use digital technologies, including software applications, internet research, online collaboration, and

digital communication.

a. Software Applications: Refers to computer programs or applications that perform specific

tasks or functions. Examples include word processing software, spreadsheet software, presentation

software, and graphic design software.

b. Internet Research: Refers to the process of gathering information, data, or resources from

online sources using search engines, databases, and other online platforms.

c. Digital Communication: Refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and messages using

digital technologies, such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media

platforms.

Academic Performance: Refers to the measurable outcomes and achievements of the student

in their academic pursuits, specifically in TVL subject. It includes grades and class participation.

Student: Refers to the Grade 12 TVL student studying at Antique National School SY: 2023-

2024.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chapter II gives the review related literature and studies related to the level of digital skills

and academic performance of Grade 12 TVL student of Antique National School. This chapter

includes (a) Concept of Digital Skills, (b) Other Studies of Digital Skills (c) Academic Performance

(e) Gaps and Future Directions (f) Conclusion

Concept of Digital Skills

Digital skills are becoming increasingly important in today's technology-driven world. The

Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2023) defines the word “digital” as something of, relating to, or

utilizing devices constructed or working by the methods or principles of electronics, or characterized

by electronic and especially computerized technology; and the word “skill” as the ability to use one's

knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance, dexterity or coordination especially in

the execution of learned physical tasks, a learned power of doing something competently, or a

developed aptitude or ability. Digital skills encompass a wide range of essential abilities in our

interconnected society. These proficiencies empower individuals to effectively utilize computers and

various digital devices to access, manipulate, and manage information. In today's world, basic digital

skills are regarded as indispensable as fundamental literacy and numeracy skills, as they serve as the

building blocks for diverse forms of communication and interaction. By acquiring and honing these

skills, individuals can navigate the digital landscape with confidence and participate fully in the

opportunities presented by the modern era.

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Definition of Digital Skills

The term “digital skills” has many accepted definitions in the literature. For one, the UNLV

(2022) defines digital skills as the ability to find, evaluate, use, share, and create content using digital

devices, such as computers and smartphones. Based on this definition, digital skills involve the ability

to effectively search and locate relevant information online. This includes utilizing search engines,

databases, and other online resources to access the desired content. In addition, evaluating content

means that with the vast amount of information available online, digital skills encompass the

capability to critically assess the credibility, accuracy, and reliability of the content. This involves

distinguishing between reliable sources and misinformation or fake news. Also, using content enable

individuals to efficiently utilize the information they find. This includes understanding how to

navigate websites, use software applications, and leverage digital tools to extract relevant data or

insights. Furthermore, in the digital age, sharing information and collaborating with others is crucial.

Digital skills involve the ability to share content through various platforms, such as social media,

email, or cloud-based services. It also includes understanding concepts like online etiquette and

privacy when sharing content. Lastly, on the creating content aspect, digital skills extend to the

creation of original content using digital devices. This can involve producing written documents,

multimedia presentations, videos, or even coding and programming. It encompasses the knowledge of

different software tools and platforms to express ideas effectively. The UNESCO (2028) defines

digital skills as a range of abilities to use digital devices, communication applications, and networks

to access and manage information. They enable people to create and share digital content,

communicate and collaborate, and solve problems for effective and creative self-fulfillment in life,

learning, work, and social activities at large. These skills enable people to not only consume digital

content but also create and share their own, fostering a sense of active participation in the digital

realm. Moreover, digital skills facilitate seamless communication and collaboration, allowing

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individuals to connect with others across geographical boundaries and engage in meaningful

interactions. Whether it's through social media platforms, video conferencing tools, or instant

messaging applications, digital skills enable individuals to stay connected, exchange ideas, and

collaborate on projects, regardless of physical distance. Furthermore, digital skills play a crucial role

in problem-solving, as they equip individuals with the ability to navigate through vast amounts of

information, critically evaluate sources, and find innovative solutions. By leveraging digital tools and

resources, individuals can tackle complex challenges, both in their personal and professional lives,

fostering effective problem-solving skills and promoting creative self-fulfillment.

The University of Bath (2023) defines digital skills as the skills needed to study and work in

our fast-evolving digital world. The necessary skills and competencies encompass a variety of areas,

such as acquiring proficiency in utilizing and adjusting appropriate digital devices, applications,

software, and systems. It also involves effectively discovering, evaluating, organizing, and sharing

information, as well as appropriately managing data and implementing sound data security practices.

Additionally, it entails utilizing various online resources and tools to facilitate remote studying and

active engagement in the learning process. Furthermore, being able to communicate and collaborate in

a digital context is crucial, along with comprehending the importance of safeguarding oneself, fellow

students, and colleagues to ensure safety in the digital realm. In today's interconnected world, digital

skills have become essential for success in various domains of life, learning, work, and social

activities. They empower individuals to adapt to the rapidly evolving digital landscape, stay informed,

and actively participate in the digital society. By acquiring and honing these skills, individuals can

enhance their opportunities for personal growth, professional development, and active engagement in

the digital age. By possessing these digital skills, individuals can navigate the digital landscape with

confidence, effectively utilize technology for personal and professional purposes, and contribute

meaningfully to the digital society. These skills are becoming increasingly important in various fields,

including education, business, communication, and innovation.

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Types of Digital Skills

There are various types of digital skills that individuals can acquire. One is Basic Computer

Skills, which includes knowledge of operating systems, file management, and proficiency in using

common software applications like word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation tools. Internet and

Web Skills involves understanding how to navigate the internet, conduct online research, use search

engines effectively, and utilize web-based tools and platforms. Communication and Collaboration

Skills includes proficiency in using email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and other

communication tools, and also involves the ability to collaborate and work effectively in virtual

teams. Digital Literacy covers the ability to critically evaluate and analyze digital information,

understand online privacy and security, and navigate digital platforms responsibly. Data Literacy

involves the ability to collect, analyze, and interpret data using digital tools and technologies. It

includes skills in data visualization, data analysis, and basic statistical knowledge. Coding and

Programming Skills includes knowledge of programming languages like, and the ability to write,

debug, and modify code to create software applications or websites. Digital Marketing Skills involves

understanding online marketing strategies, social media management, search engine optimization

(SEO), content creation, and digital advertising. Lastly, Cybersecurity Skills includes knowledge of

online threats, best practices for securing digital systems and networks, and the ability to protect

personal and organizational data from cyber-attacks.

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Digital Skill of Students in the Philippines

The lack of skills in information and communications technology (ICT) is frequently cited as

a barrier to ICT development objectives. ICT adoption would be sluggish and provide little motivation

for capitalists to invest in it if the general public was not tech literate. ICT prices rise as a result of the

expensive nature of investing in and maintaining the technological ecosystem when locals are not

available to setup, create, and maintain ICT equipment and applications. This also adds to the

prohibitiveness of ICT prices.

"Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities

for all" is the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations, and the percentage

of adults and youth with ICT skills is specifically mentioned as an indicator for this goal. Therefore, it

should come as no surprise that the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the UN's

specialized office on ICT, keeps track of this figure among its member organizations. For its Global

Digital Connectivity Go Regretfully, the level of ICT literacy in the nation is appalling, especially

considering that it is one of the top social media users in the world.

Regretfully, the level of ICT literacy in the nation is appalling, especially considering that it is

one of the top social media users in the world. According to the ITU website's most recent data from

2019, only 6% of people over the age of 15 have basic internet skills, and only 2% have standard

digital skills. Of those over 15, less than 1% possess advanced digital skills. By 2030, 50% of people

over the age of 15 should have standard digital skills, and 70% should have basic digital skills,

according to the Global Digital Connectivity Target. The ability to perform the following four tasks is

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referred to as basic digital skills: (1) copying or moving a file or folder; (2) copying and pasting

information within a document or folder; (3) sending emails with attachments; and (4) transferring

files between computers. It's hard to believe that just 6% of respondents to the survey are capable of

doing these kinds of tasks; maybe this is because most of our attention is focused on cities where

these fundamental digital skills are common. In the Philippines, less than 20% of the population lives

in metropolitan areas.

The following are examples of standard digital skills: (1) using a spreadsheet to perform basic

math operations; (2) connecting and installing new devices; (3) creating presentations; and (4)

locating, downloading, installing, and configuring software. This information is more credible than

the previous one. Few people in a typical workplace are proficient with spreadsheets and presentation

software, and even fewer are able to locate, install, and configure the specific software they require.

Digital Skills and Academic Performance

Research addressing the impact of digital skills on academic performance is multifaceted. A

longitudinal study by Smith et al. (2016) found a positive correlation between students' early exposure

to digital skills and later academic achievement. Contrarily, Johnson (2020) suggests that the

relationship may be nuanced, influenced by factors such as the type of digital skills and the socio-

economic background of the students. These conflicting findings underscore the need for a nuanced

investigation into the specific facets of digital skills that contribute to academic success.

Technology Integration in Education: The infusion of technology into educational practices is

a global phenomenon. Zhao and Frank (2019) argue that effective technology integration is not solely

about access to devices but also about pedagogical approaches that leverage digital tools to enhance

learning outcomes. This implies that the mere possession of digital skills may not guarantee

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academic success; rather, it is their strategic application within a technology-enhanced learning

environment that matters.

In addition, a study by Carretero et al. (2017) explored the impact of digital skills on

education. The researchers found that students with higher digital skills demonstrated better academic

performance and were more likely to engage in self-directed learning. Digital skills were also found to

enhance critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity among students.

Digital Skills and Social and Economic Outcomes

One study by Van Deursen and Van Dijk (2019) examined the relationship between digital

skills and various outcomes, such as employment, income, and social participation. The researchers

found that individuals with higher levels of digital skills were more likely to be employed and earn

higher incomes. Moreover, they were also more engaged in online social activities, which contributed

to their overall social participation. Another study by Helsper and Eynon (2010) focused on the digital

skills divide among different socio-economic groups. The researchers found that individuals from

higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to have better digital skills compared to those from lower

socio-economic backgrounds. This digital skills divide can further exacerbate existing social

inequalities. In the workplace, digital skills are increasingly in demand. A study by European

Commission (2017) highlighted the importance of digital skills for employability and career

advancement. The report emphasized that individuals with strong digital skills are more likely to

adapt to technological changes, contribute to innovation, and succeed in the digital economy.

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Conclusion

Despite the growing body of literature, several gaps remain. Few studies delve into the

longitudinal effects of sustained digital skills development on academic trajectories, and there is

limited research on the role of digital skills in specific academic disciplines. Additionally, the

influence of evolving digital technologies on the definition and measurement of digital skills warrants

ongoing exploration. To bridge the digital skills gap, various initiatives and programs have been

implemented. For instance, the European Union has launched the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition,

aiming to improve digital skills across Europe (European Commission, 2016). Similarly,

organizations like Code.org and Girls Who Code focus on promoting digital skills among young

people, particularly in coding and computer science.

In conclusion, the relationship between the level of digital skills and academic performance is

a dynamic and complex area of inquiry. While some studies suggest a positive correlation, others

emphasize the importance of context and pedagogy. This review lays the groundwork for a more

nuanced exploration, highlighting gaps in current research and suggesting avenues for future

investigation. As education continues to evolve in the digital age, a deeper understanding of how

digital skills impact academic outcomes is crucial for informed curriculum development and

instructional strategies.

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Digital skills play a crucial role in today's society, impacting employment, education, social

participation, and overall well-being. It is essential to address the digital skills divide and provide

opportunities for individuals to acquire and enhance their digital skills.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter present the step by step procedure on how the study conducted and how the data

were gathered to attain its objective.

Research Design

This type of research design is used to describe a phenomenon or situation. It involves collecting data

through surveys and questionnaires the aim of descriptive research is to provide an accurate and

detailed portrayal of a particular group, event, or situation. It can be useful in identifying patterns,

trends, and relationships in the data. (David de Vaus 2023).

Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at Antique National School of Antique under the district of San

Jose, Division of Antique during the school year 2023-2024.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were grade 12 TVL Students of Antique National School

officially enrolled students for the academic year 2023-2024. There are 100 (100%) respondents, 50

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(50%) males and 50 (50%) females through stratified sampling. The students were also classified

according to sex and age.

Research Instrument

The instruments used to gather data was a questionnaire-checklist constructed by the

researchers and validate by the jury of evaluator. The questionnaire consists of three parts namely:

Part I is a questionnaire composed of personal information like name, age, sex, and year and section,

Data Gathering

Procedure Prior to the gathering of the data, the researchers asked permission from the School

Grade 12 Students of Antique National School to administer the test. The researchers made a

questionnaire regarding the Level of Digital Skills and Academic Performance Among Grade 12 TVL

Student of Antique National School. The test was scheduled and taken within 2 days, after retrieving

the responds, they were analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.

Data Analysis Procedure

The data gathered were statistically computed and analyzed using the following: Frequency. To

determine the number of respondents belonging to each category. Percentage. To determine the

proportion of respondents belonging to each category. Rank. To determine the position in a group that

are being arrange to the highest to lowest.

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THE LEVEL OF DIGITAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Name (optional): ________________________________________ Age____

Year and Section: __________________

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To the respondent: Please consider each item Carefully. Your answer to the questions will

help and provide awareness for student and teachers of your School with regards to the relationship

between sleep management and academic performance of Grade 12 TVL Student of Antique National

School. Rest assured that your answers would be kept highly confidential. Thank you very much and

God bless

RESEARCHERS Directions: Kindly fill out the following and put a check mark on the

following information which applies to you. Use rating scale in the level of digital skills and academic

performance

What types of Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) devices do you have at home?

Please put an

Desktop computer

Laptop computer

Smartphone device

Tablet device

Other ICT devices

Table 1. 5- Always 4- Very often 3-Sometimes 2- Rarely 1- Never

Average level of digital device management 1 2 3 4 5

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1.How often do you have trouble falling while using digital

devices?

2. How often do you feel tired after using any devices during the

day?

3. How often do you use smart phone, laptop, or other digital

devices to help you or stay awake?

4.How often do you use internet during the day?

5. How often do you experience nightmares or disturbing dreams

after using any digital devices?

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6. How often do you snore or have breathing problems during sleep

after using digital devices?

7. How often do you have difficulty waking up or getting out of

bed in the morning?

8. How satisfied are you with your sleep quality?

9. How often do you take sleeping pills to fall asleep?

10. Do you go to bed at the same time every night after using any

digital devices?

Table 2.

1 2 3 4 5
Level of academic performance.

1. I attend all my classes

2. I complete all my assignments on time

3. I study for at least two hours per day

4. I review my notes before exams

5. I participate actively in class discussions

6. I seek feedback from my instructors

7. I use effective learning strategies

8. I set realistic and challenging goals for myself

9. I manage my time and prioritize my tasks

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10. I cope well with academic stress

Table 3.

Relation digital level devices management and academic 1 2 3 4 5

performance

1. I have a regular sleep schedule

2. I sleep for at least 7 hours per night

3. I avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine before bedtime

4. I use relaxing techniques to fall asleep

5. I limit the use of electronic devices before bedtime

6. I have a comfortable and quiet sleeping environment

7. I wake up feeling refreshed and alert

8. I perform well on academic tasks and tests

9. I perform well on academic tasks and tests

10. I have a good balance between studying and leisure

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