HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE - 03

INDONESIAN
ARCHITECTURE

group - 5
01 INTRODUCTION

02 (6) ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES

03 SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION

04 TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE
05 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS/ ELEMENTS
06 SUMMARY
was formerly known as the Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies)
derive from the Greek:
INDOS - “India,” and NESOS - “island.”

It is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia

an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands.
33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial
monarchy)
over 238 million people
world's fourth most populous country.
majority Muslim population.

INDONESIA ISLANDS
The architecture of Indonesia is defined by its diversity of culture and geography. Similar
to many eastern countries that were invaded and colonized by westerners, the influences
in Indonesian architecture come from a variety of locations.

The Architecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of cultural, historical and geographic
influences that have shaped Indonesia as a whole.

GREEN SCHOOL
BALI, INDONESIA
INDONESIA
CAPITAL : JAKARTA
Javanese – largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group
Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"),
articulates the diversity that shapes the country
GEOGRAPHICAL
INFLUENCES
ASIA S-E-A
SOUTHEAST ASIA
(SEA)
An archipelagic island country in
Southeast Asia, lying between the Indian
Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is in a
strategic location astride or along major
sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific
Ocean.

Indonesia is the largest country in

Southeast Asia,

Dimension from east to west of about

3,200 miles (5,100 km) and an extent from
north to south of 1,100 miles (1,800 km).
It shares a border with Malaysia in
the northern part of Borneo and
with Papua New Guinea in the
centre of New Guinea.
INDONESIA
five major islands
about 30 smaller groups.
There are total number of 17,508
islands of which about 6000 are
inhabited.

The five main islands of Indonesia:

1. Java
2. Sumatra
3. New Guinea
4. Borneo
5. Sulawesi.
BORNEO
GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE
TO ARCHITECTURE

Building houses off the ground

The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly sheet off
Large overhanging eaves
In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can have many windows providing good
cross-ventilation
Cooler mountainous interior areas, homes often have a vast roof and few windows.
GEOLOGICAL
INFLUENCES
NATURE EARTH
VOLCANIC
ROCK
Much of this vast region is mountainous, a long
curving band of active and extinct volcanoes passes
through Sumatra, Java and Bali, and volcanic rock
has been extensively used for construction work.
OTHER SOURCE OF MATERIALS

BRICKS ALANG-ALANG GRASS /

IMPERATA CYLINDRICA

TIMBER WOOD /
HARD WOOD RICE STRAW

SUGAR PALM
TREE COCONUT
FIBER

COCONUT TREE BAMBOO

TRUNK
 3 Contact Us

CLIMATIC
INFLUENCES
TEMPERATURE DEGREE
CLIMATE
Indonesia has tropical climate.
Generally, the weather is hot and humid.
Indonesian climate is divided into two distinct seasons:
dry and rainy seasons.
INFLUENCE TO ARCHITECTURE

Row houses, canals and enclosed

solid walls

Architectural style with local building features

-long eaves
-verandas
-porticos
-large windows and ventilation openings

Sharply inclined - roof allows the heavy

tropical rain to quickly sheet off
Large overhanging eaves - keep water out of
the house and provide shade.
In hot and humid-low lying coastal regions -
homes can have many windows providing
good cross-ventilation,
cooler mountainous interior areas - homes
often have a vast roof and few windows.
CLIMATIC DESIGN OF THE MALAY HOUSE
RELIGIOUS
INFLUENCES
FAITH RELIGION

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
RELIGION
Religious architecture has been widespread in Indonesia, with the most significant
development in Java.
The first principle of Indonesia’s philosophical foundation, Pancasila, is “belief in the one
and only God”.
The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
six official religions; Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and
Confucianism.
Agnosticism or atheism, and blasphemy is illegal.

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
INFLUENCE TO ARCHITECTURE
1 Architecture in Indonesia focuses on defining terms that relate to their religions

2 They make representations of religious sculptures, carvings, and temples.

3 Architectural heritage influences by religious are commonly found in Java.

Barong Stone Carvings - BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

is a panther-like creature.He is Prambanan temple, world’s biggest Buddhist
the king of spirits, leader of the Central Java, Indonesia monument
hosts of good.
01 PROTESTANISM MARRIED - DUTCH EAST INDIES COLONIZATION (AROUND 16TH CENTURY)

02 ROMAN CATHOLICISM - PORTUGESE ARRIVAL WITH SPICE TRADING (1594)

03 CONFUCIANISM - ORIGINATED FROM CHINESE MAINLAND

IN 1965, SUKARNO ISSUED PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1/PN.PS/1965, IN

04 WHICH SIX RELIGIONS WERE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AND EMBRACED
BY THE INDONESIAN PEOPLE
INVADERS, COLONIZERS, MISSIONARIES, MERCHANTS, AND
TRADERS BROUGHT CULTURAL CHANGES THAT HAD A
PROFOUND EFFECT ON BUILDING STYLES AND TECHNIQUES.

EUROPEAN INFLUENCES HAVE ALSO BEEN PARTICULARLY

STRONG SINCE THE 19TH CENTURY.

CHINESE, ARAB, AND EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL

INFLUENCES HAVE ALSO BEEN QUITE SIGNIFICANT
ININDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE.
SYSTEM OF
CONSTRUCTION
Timber construction with post,
beam and lintel structural
system that take the load
straight to the ground with
either wooden or bamboo
walls that are non-load
bearing are very typical of
rumah adat
 SYSTEM OF
CONSTRUCTION
Traditionally, rather than nails,
mortise and Tenon joints and
wooden pegs are used. Timber,
bamboo, thatch and fiber – make up
rumah adat

Tenon and Mortise Joints

wooden pegs
Wooden Pegs
 WYAH ART & CREATIVE SPACE
KECAMATAN UBUD, KABUPATEN GIANYAR, BALI 80561,
INDONESIA
HINDUISM &
BUDDHISM
ARCHITECTURE

Religion-based architecture in Indonesia, influenced by

Hinduism and Buddhism, was developed during the Indianized
period (4th to 15th century) in Java. It aimed to align buildings
with nature's forces, maximizing holiness and effectiveness as
worship places.
Hinduism-inspired architecture is taller with pointed crowns,
while Buddhism-inspired architecture uses stupas.

SEWU TEMPLE
 “CANDI”
-- Religious structures / temple

A number of often large and sophisticated, tower-like structure

religious structures. Built between the 8th and 14th centuries.

TERMINOLOGY
a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a
pyramidal tower above it, and a portico.

ETYMOLOGY
Hindu perspective - derived from Candika, one of the
manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death.
In ancient Indonesia the Candi had mortuary functions as well as
connections with the afterlife.

CANDI PRAMBANAN
 YOGYAKARTA,
INDONESIA

1.1. CANDI
PRAMBANAN
A 9th-century Hindu temple compound in the
Special Region of Yogyakarta, in southern Java,
Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimūrti, the
expression of God as the Creator, the Preserver and
the Destroyer.
 YOGYAKARTA,
INDONESIA

CANDI
PRAMBANAN
the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia and the
second-largest in Southeast Asia after Angkor Wat.
Prambanan Temple Compounds consist of:
1. Prambanan Temple (also called Loro Jonggrang),
2. Sewu Temple
3. Bubrah Temple
4. Lumbung Temple

Prambanan Temple itself is a complex consisting of

240 temples.
 YOGYAKARTA,
INDONESIA

CANDI
PRAMBANAN

Sewu Temple Bubrah Temple Lumbung Temple.

CANDI
PRAMBANAN
 DIENG
PLATEAU
a plateau in Central Java, Indonesia that forms the floor of the caldera
complex on the Dieng Volcanic Complex.
surrounded by a series of mountains
highest plateau on the island of Java
an average elevation of more than 2,100 meters above sea level.

ETYMOLOGY
Dieng is a name that comes from Old Javanese words:
di means "place" and hyang means "ancestors" or "gods", literally
"Dihyang" means "place of the ancestors" or "place where the gods
reside".

believed that the ancestors and gods resided in high places.People

generally call this plain popularly known as "the land above the
clouds".
 DIENG PLATEAU

1.2. CANDI
DIENG
Dieng Plateau is home of eight small Hindu
temples that are among the oldest surviving
religious structures ever built in Java, and the
earliest Hindu temples in Indonesia.
 DIENG PLATEAU

CANDI
DIENG
The earliest surviving Hindu temples in Java are at
the Dieng Plateau, thought to have originally
numbered as many as 400, only 8 remain today.

* Dieng Structures - small and relatively plain

 DIENG PLATEAU

TEMPLES
The temples are clustered around three groups;
1. Arjuna cluster,
2. Dwarawati cluster
3. Gatotkaca clusters,
while Bima temple was constructed as a separate single
temple.
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

1. ARJUNA CLUSTER
ARJUNA TEMPLE COMPLEX

This cluster surrounded by mountains and hills and

located in the central area of Dieng Plateau, consisting of
four temples that lined elongated in the north-south
direction.

Arjuna temple - located north end

4 TEMPLES:
1. Srikandi temple - south
2. Puntadewa temple - south
3. Sembadra temple - south
4. Semar temple - south
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

ARJUNA TEMPLE
a relic of Hindu civilization in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom,
founded in the 8-9th century AD Geographically
was built for worship for Hindus in the ancient Mataram Sanjaya
dynasty.
Arjuna Temple has a square measuring 6×6 m.
This temple faces west.
ARJUNA TEMPLE 3 (three) parts:
1. (Bhurloka) the foot of the temple bhumi

2. (Bhurwaloka) the body part of the

temple
3. (Swarloka) roof of the temple.
The roof of the temple consists of
three layers (bhumi), the size of roof/ head of the temple
which rises up and down smaller (Swarloka).

and ends with a peak that may be

keben fruit (ratna).
The body walls of the Arjuna
Temple are decorated by 3 niches
on 3 sides which are now empty
with no statues.

body part of the temple

(Bhurwaloka)

foot of the temple

(Bhurloka)
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

SRIKANDI
TEMPLE
Srikandi’s outer wall features carvings, displaying
several Hindu Gods.
It features several cube stones on top of the temple.
Another feature is the stone staircase
The roof of the temple has been damaged so that
the original shape is no longer visible.
SRIKANDI
TEMPLE
The plan of the temple - 3.84 m x 3.84 m.
The uniqueness of this temple is the Trimurti
relief sculpture or the three main deities of
Hindus. Namely Lord Vishnu on the northern
temple wall, Lord Shiva on the east side of the
temple wall, and Brahmana on the South side.

Vishnu - the guardian god

Shiva - the god of destruction
Brahma - the creator god
SRIKANDI Trimurti relief sculpture or the three main
deities of Hindus.
TEMPLE
Lord Vishnu Lord Shiva Brahmana
Northern temple wall East side of the temple wall South side.
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

PUNTADEWA
TEMPLE
features a “relung” or a place to store arcas, jutting
out the wall.
Its roof has the shape of a bar and features
majestic ornaments.
the size of the Puntadewa Temple is not too large,
but this temple looks taller.
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

SEMBADRA
TEMPLE
located at the northern end of the fifth row of the temple
The roof top has been destroyed, so the original shape is
no longer visible.
On the four sides of the roof there are also small niches
like the place to put a statue.
the temple has a size of 4.75 x 5.50 m,
it features a hole to display an arca.
 DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

SEMAR
TEMPLE
Back then, Semar Temple was used by Brahmana
caste or priests for performing numerous religious
ceremonies,
also a place to store tools and things that used
when they do any rituals.
functions as a ancillary temple, or an
accompanying temple
DIENG KULON VILLAGE, BATUR DISTRICT,
BANJARNEGARA REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA

SEMAR
TEMPLE
7 x 3.50 meters, with a door facing east
The roof top is gone, so the original shape is no
longer known.
in the left and right wall there is a small window
hole.
while on the back wall, the temple has 3 holes.
 GATOTKACA
CLUSTER

2. GATOTKACA
CLUSTER
Gatotkaca group also consists of five temples; the
1. Gatotkaca temple
2. Setyaki temple
3. Nakula temple
4. Sadewa temple
5. Gareng temple

Today only Gatotkaca temple remains stands,

other four temples are fallen into ruin. Gatotkaca
Temple is located near to Arjuna Temple Complex.
Both of them are connected by an easy part,
featuring an uphill route.

GATOT KACA TEMPLE

 BANJARNEGARA REGENCY AREA,
CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE.

GATOTKACA
TEMPLE
It is estimated that this temple was built during the
reign of Queen Sima.
It is considered the second most popular temple in
Dieng after Arjuna
The size is moderate and it faces west.
 GATOTKACA TEMPLE

RATU MAHARANI
SHIMA
QUEEN SHIMA - was the queen regnant of the 7th
century Kalingga kingdom on the northern coast of
Central Java circa 674 CE.
a very fair, just, and strong queen and her people
were extremely honest.
 BANJARNEGARA REGENCY AREA,
CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE.

3. DWARAWATI
CLUSTER
Dwarawati group consisted of four temples, namely:
1. Dwarawati temple.
2. Abiyasa temple
3. Pandu temple
4. Margasari temple.
currently, only Dwarawati that remain relatively
intact, the rest are in ruins.
The presence of Dwarawati Temple is not as well-
known as Arjuna or Gatotkaca.
location is a bit secluded

DWARAWATI TEMPLE
 NORTH OF THE OTHER TEMPLES IN THE
DIENG HIGHLANDS

DWARAWATI
TEMPLE
rectangular plan with a length of 5 m, width 4m,
and height (currently) 6 meters.
The shape and parts generally have the same style
as the Gatotkaca temple.
facing towards the west
 CENTRAL JAVA

CANDI
BIMA
Large and impressive.
highest temple found in the Dieng Plateau
height of about 8 meters, built on a square-shaped
foundation measuring 6 x 6 meters.
 CENTRAL JAVA

CANDI
BIMA
The roof - displays numerous
sculpted Shiva heads looking
out from horseshoe arches.
back of the temple (west side)
- its central kala arch, with
garlands dropping from the
kala's mouth, is still intact.
 CENTRAL JAVA

BUDDHIST
MONUMENT
world’s biggest Buddhist monument
123 x 123 meters.
Built in the 9th century
the temple’s design in Gupta architecture reflects India's
influence on the region
The monument is a marvel of design, decorated with
2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues.
it was built without using any kind of cement or mortar

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE
BOROBUDUR SECTION
 CENTRAL JAVA

ZONE 1:
KAMADHATU
The phenomenal world, the world inhabited by common
people.
Borobudur’s hidden Kamadhatu level consists of 160
reliefs depicting scenes of Karmawibhangga Sutra, the
law of cause and effect.
 CENTRAL JAVA

ZONE 2:
RAPUDHATU
The transitional sphere, humans are released from
worldly matters.
The four square levels of Rapadhatu contain galleries of
carved stone reliefs, as well as a chain of niches
containing statues of Buddha.
In total there are 328 Buddha on these balustrade levels
which also have a great deal of purely ornate reliefs.
 CENTRAL JAVA

ZONE 3:
ARUPADHATU
The highest sphere, the abode of the gods.
The three circular terraces leading to a central dome or
stupa represent the rising above the world, and these
terraces are a great deal less ornate, the purity of form is
paramount.
 CENTRAL JAVA

ZONE 3:
ARUPADHATU
The terraces contain circles of perforated stupas, an
inverted bell shape, containing sculptures of Buddha,
who face outward from the temple.
Around the circular platforms are 72 openwork stupas.
the central stupa is empty
 CENTRAL JAVA

THE
RELIEFS
The total of 504 Buddha are in
meditative pose, and the 6 different
hand positions represented
throughout the temple, often
according to the direction the Buddha
faces.
 72 stupa

MAIN STUPA
 MAJAPAHIT
EMPIRE
It was established in 1293 and lasted until around
1500.
The use of bricks in Indonesia’s Classical Era
Mastered by the Majapahit builders, using a mortar
of vine sap and palm sugar
Little physical evidence of Majapahit remains

ETYMOLOGY
Majapahit derives from Javanese, meaning "bitter
maja".

Gapura Wringin Lawang Trowulan

TEMPLES OF
MAJAPAHIT

have a strong geometrical quality

with a sense of verticality achieved
through the use of numerous
horizontal lines often with an almost
art-deco sense of streamlining and
proportion.

Gapura Wringin Lawang Trowulan

GAPURA WRINGIN
LAWANG
TROWULAN

the 14th century grand split gate,

called "Candi Bentar" or split gateway,
made from red brick material
ground size 13 x 11 meter and height
5.5 meter.
MOSQUES
(15TH CENTURY)

Islam had become the dominant

religion in Java and Sumatra,
Indonesia's two most populous islands;
absorbed and reinterpreted, with
mosques given a unique
Indonesian/Javanese interpretation.

GEDHE
Gapura KAUMAN
Wringin MOSQUE
Lawang Trowulan
KAUMAN GREAT
MOSQUE
Yogyakarta Sultanate in Java, Indonesia.

MESJID GEDHE KAUMAN

built on Sunday Wage, May 29, 1773

built in a typical religious Javanese
architecture with its triple-tiered roof,
lack of minaret, and a serambi.

serambi - roofed main verandah

Gapura Wringin Lawang Trowulan

JAVANESE
MOSQUES
took many design cues from Hindu, Buddhist,
and even Chinese architectural influences.-
lacked, for example, the ubiquitous Islamic dome
which did not appear in Indonesia until the 19th
century.

had tall timber, multi-level roofs similar to the

pagodas of Balinese Hindu temples still common
today
AL-AQSHA
MOSQUE
Masjid Al-Aqsha Menara Kudus
one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia
built at the time of Islam's spread through Java.
The mosque preserves the tomb of Sunan Kudus,
one of the nine Islamic saints of Java (the Wali
Sanga)
 SULTAN
SURIANSYAH
MOSQUE
VILLAGE OF KUIN UTARA,
BANJARMASIN

oldest mosque in South Kalimantan.

Built in 1526, during the reign of Sultan
Suriansyah, the first Banjar King to convert to
Islam.
a stilt house, made out of ironwood and with a
three-story roof.
The mihrab has its own roof, separate from the
main building.
MOSQUES
(19TH CENTURY)

sultanates of Indonesian archipelago began

to adopt and absorb foreign influences of
Islamic architecture.
The Indo-Islamic and Moorish style mosques
have tended to be built in styles more
consistent with global Islamic styles, which
mirror the trend in Indonesia towards more
orthodox practice of Islam.

Grand Mosque of Medan

GRAND MOSQUE
OF MEDAN
Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20212, Indonesia

Masjid Raya Al-Mashun ("Al-Mashun Grand

Mosque")
built in the year 1906 - 1909.
has an octagonal shape and has wings to the
south, east, north and west.

The mosque is divided into:

1. main room,
2. ablution,
3. entry gates and
4. towers.

The main room, a place of prayer, does not

share the same octagonal theme. On the
opposite side is smaller, there is a 'porch' small
porch attached to and protrudes out.
 main room towers

entry gate

entrance
ablution

entrance
 U R R A H M A N G R A N D M O S Q
B A I T UE

Masjid Raya Baiturrahman

center of Banda Aceh city, Aceh Province, Indonesia
a symbol of religion, culture, spirit, strength,
struggle and nationalism of the Acehnese people.
The mosque is a landmark of Banda Aceh and has
survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
The design chosen is Mughal revival style, characterized by grand
domes and minarets.
The unique black domes are constructed from hard wood shingles
combined as tiles.
Characterized by a 35-meter tower, 7 grand domes and 7 minarets
GALA MOSQUE,
TEMBAYAT
the oldest mosque in Java that survives through
time - one of the examples of Indo- Javanese
culture style “top of the hill building”
one characteristic of the Hindu-Buddhist
religious buildings in Java, while the tick wall was
influenced from Gujarati architecture and the
“tajug” wooden-tile roof structure was from
Javanese traditional architecture
 TRADITIONAL AND
VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
• One is the great Hindu tradition brought to Indonesia from
India via Java.

• It has its own unique form because Indonesia has 33 provinces;

each of Indonesia’s ethnic groups has its own distinctive form of
the traditional vernacular architecture, known as Rumah adat.
RUMAH
ADAT
RUMAH - “house” / “home”

The house provides the main focus for the family and its
community, and is the point of departure for many activities
of its residents

Traditional dwellings have developed to respond to

Indonesia's hot and wet monsoon climate, most rumah adat
are built on stilts.
CHARACTERISTICS CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

• timber construction
• post, beam and lintel structural system
• varied and elaborate with either wooden or bamboo walls
roof that are non-load bearing

• longhouses on stilts
• steep sloping roofs
and heavy
• rather than nails, mortise and
tenon joints and wooden pegs are
used

• Built on stilts except

for Java
SIGNIFICANT AND
DISTINCTIVE
RUMAH ADAT
BATAK & TOBA Batak architecture (North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped
jabu homes of the Toba Batak people, with dominating carved
gables and dramatic oversized roof, and is based on an ancient

ARCHITECTURE model.
 Jabu is the Toba language word for rumah adat.

BATAK & TOBA The large steeply-pitched saddle back roof dominates the
structure. The roofs are traditionally thatched, and with no
internal roof trusses they provide a large internal space.
ARCHITECTURE Sharply projected triangular eaves and gables overlap all
around the substructure.
 2.75

1.67 1.67

1.56
1.56

1.33 1.20 1.33 1.80 2.00 1.80

 The Karo rumah adat (traditional house), known as 'Siwaluh Jabu'

KARO high roof - in the form of a combination of a gable or two gables

crossed over a hip roof
for multiple family occupancy

ARCHITECTURE oriented North-South

constructed from wood, bamboo, using ijuk fibres for binding (no
nails or screws are used) and for the thatched roof.
The design is naturally earthquake-resistant.
 Geometric ornamentation
KARO Each design has specific meaning or powers.
stylised cicak (gecko) along the length of each wall

ARCHITECTURE Male and Female Buffalo - each end of the roof

colours used in Karo designs are red, white and black.
 traditional house of Banjar Tribe in South Kalimantan.

BUBUNGAN Its name Bubungan Tinggi refers to the steep roof (45 degrees)
with their steeply pitched roofs, is the large homes of
Banjarese royalty and aristocrats in South Kalimantan.
TINGGI
 a collection of individual; largely open structures (including

TRADITIONAL separate structures for the kitchen, sleeping areas, bathing areas
and shrine) within a high-walled garden compound.
traditional vernacular house of Balinese people in Bali, Indonesia.
BALINESE HOMES The Balinese traditional house is the product of a blend of Hindu
and Buddhist beliefs, fused with Austronesian animism
BALINESE HOUSE The Balinese traditional house is built as a house compound, where
daily functions are separated not by rooms, but by individual
structures within an enclosing wall.

COMPOUND
1. Natah - central courtyard
2. Sanggah Kemulan - family shrine
3. Bale daja or manten - chamber that functions as a bed for the head of the family or for the girl who hasn't married.
4. Bale dangin or gede - traditional ceremony place. It usually has 12 poles with 2 chambers on the right and left side.
5. Bale dauh or tiang sanga - a room specifically designed for the boys or male bachelors living in the traditional house.
6. Bale delod or sekenam - a place to put banten during certain ceremonies as well as temporary funerals for family members who died.
7. Pawaregen / Paon - kitchen
8. Lumbung - harvest storage
9. Kandang Celeng - a pigsty
10. Lawang /Angkul-angkul - entrance to the house area
11. Aling-aling - part of the entrance, functions as a barrier
12. Sanggah pengijeng karang - guardian temple
 1. Natah - central courtyard 2. Sanggah Kemulan - family shrine 3. Bale daja or manten - chamber that
functions as a bed for the head of the family
or for the girl who hasn't married.

4. Bale dangin or gede - traditional 5. Bale dauh or tiang sanga - a room 6. Bale delod or sekenam - a place to put
ceremony place. It usually has 12 poles specifically designed for the boys or male banten during certain ceremonies as well
with 2 chambers on the right and left side. bachelors living in the traditional house. as temporary funerals for family members
who died.
7. Pawaregen / Paon - kitchen 8. Lumbung / Jineng - harvest storage 9. Kandang Celeng - a pigsty

10. Lawang /Angkul-angkul 11. Aling-aling 12. Sanggah pengijeng karang

entrance to the house area part of the entrance, functions as a barrier guardian temple
 PURA ULUN
DANU BRATAN
built in the year 1633
sits on Lake Beratan
Lake Beratan is the second largest lake in Bali
In Bali, Hindu temples are known as "pura"
Danu - in the Balinese tongue, means lake,
Goddess Danu is queen of water, lakes and rivers.
The 11-storey pelinggih meru in the complex is
dedicated to Shiva and his consort Parvathi.
Traditional lumbung rice barn Traditional Sasak house of North
Lombok

possibility that the origin of the name Sasak came from the

THE SASAK PEOPLE word sak-sak, which means "boat".

build lumbung - pile-built bonnet-roofed rice barns
built on four poles, usually stand between 1½ metre and 2
OF LOMBOK metres up from ground level.
roof is generally covered with alang-alang grass and the sides
are made of woven, split bamboo (called pagar).
Desa Wisata Setulang Dayak Tribe House West
Borneo

one of the native groups of Borneo.

DAYAK traditionally live in communal longhouses that are built on piles.

Dayak longhouse isn’t just the focal point of a village: it is the village.

LONGHOUSES sometimes over 300 meters long,

can contain dozens of separate family apartments,
as well as public spaces for cooking, blacksmithing, ceremonies,
and social life.
TORAJA an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South
Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The Toraja of the Sulawesi highlands are renowned for their
tongkonan, houses built on piles and dwarfed by massive

GROUP exaggerated-pitch saddle roofs

 TONGKONAN

TONGKONAN
The word 'tongkonan' is derived from the Toraja word tongkon (‘to sit’)
and literally means the place where family members meet.
traditional ancestral house,
rumah adat of the Torajan people
 boat-shaped and oversized saddleback roof.
stand high on wooden piles, topped with a layered split bamboo

TONGKONAN roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc.

They are typically incised with red, black and yellow detailed wood
relief carvings on the exterior walls.
Traditionally, the roof is constructed with layered bamboo, and the
wooden structure of the house assembled in tongue-and-groove
fashion without nails. Nowadays, of course, zinc roofs and nails are
used increasingly.
wall post upper part

ceiling front horns of buffaloes

 3 LEVEL OF
third level TONGKONAN HOUSE
first level - 'sulluk' is underside of
house where the buffaloes are kept.
second level - is where the family live
third level - is said to be 'where the cat
sleeps'.
second level

first level - 'sulluk'

 THE SECOND LEVEL IS DIVIDED
INTO THREE PARTS.
1. tangdo' - is the northern room which is
higher and reserved for the older people,
like the grandparents and guests.
2. sali or centre room - is lower and is
divided into the eastern and western
parts.
E
The eastern part serves as a kitchen with rocks
placed to serve as a fireplace and a hanging tray
S N used to store wood for burning.
The western part of this centre room is the
sphere of the dead, where the dead bodies are
laid out during the funeral ceremony. It functions
W as a dining room at other times.
SUMBUNG SALI TANGDO
3. sumbung or southern room - the
sphere of the dead and is used for some
rituals. Otherwise it serves as a bedroom for
the father, mother and children.
 3 types of tongkonan.:

TONGKONAN 1. Tongkonan layuk - house of the highest authority and it is used as

the center of government.
2. Tongkonan pekamberan - belongs to the family group members,
who have some authorities in local traditions (known as adat).
3. Tongkonan batu - belongs to the ordinary family members.
 SYSTEM OF
CONSTRUCTION
a method of fitting similar objects
together, edge to edge, used
mainly with wood, in flooring,
parquetry, panelling, and similar
constructions.
Tongue
Tongue and groove joints allow
Groove two flat pieces to be joined
strongly together to make a single
flat surface.

TONGUE & GROOVE

 Sumba is an island located in the eastern part of Indonesia

RUMAH ADAT ON Sumbanese traditional house ( "peaked / pointed house") - also known as
Uma, refers to the traditional vernacular house of the Sumba people

SUMBA built using natural materials such as wood, bamboo, and thatch.
The roof’s shape is inspired by the buffalo’s horns, which are considered
sacred animals in Sumba.
 THREE LEVELS

RUMAH ADAT ON There is a lower level below the house for livestock, a middle
level on the ground floor for people and everyday activity, and a
top level in the high-pitched roof where the Marapu reside.

SUMBA A basic Sumba house is a square layout. This layout

accommodates small ones up to 5 x 5 meters and larger ones up
to 15 x 15 meters.

biggest house (uma bungguru)

bald houses (uma kamadungu)
TYPICAL
SUMBANESE PLAN
PALACE
ARCHITECTURE

Istana (or "palace") architecture of the various

kingdoms and realms of Indonesia is more often
than not based on the vernacular and domestic
styles of the area.
JAVANESE
KRATON
(Keraton – Javanese Royal palace)
derived from the Javanese ka-ratu-an, meaning
residence of the ratu
Unlike most South East Asian vernacular homes,
Javanese joglo are not built on piles, and have
become the Indonesian vernacular style most
influenced by European architectural elements.

Museum Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX

 CHARACTERISTICS
-LARGE PENDOPO / PENDAPA (PAVILION) OF THE JOGLO ROOF FORM
• WITH TUMPANG SARI ORNAMENTATION THAT ARE ELABORATE BUT BASED ON COMMON JAVANESE
FORMS.

JOGLO ROOF FRAME

KERATON KASEPUHAN
 YOGYAKARTA
(JOGJA) REGION
Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
(Palace of Sultan Hamengkubuwono).

SURAKARTA
(SOLO) REGION

Pura Mangkunegaran Kraton Surakarta Hadiningrat

(Palace of Adipati Mangkunegara). (Palace of Susuhunan Pakubuwono).

CIREBON AREA

Kraton Kasepuhan Kraton Kanoman Kraton Kacirebonan Kraton Kaprabonan

(Palace of Sultan Sepuh). (Palace of Sultan Anom). (Palace of Sultan Cirebon). Kraton of of
(Palace Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sultan Prabon).
 TANAH DATAR REGENCY,
WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA.

PAGARUYUNG
PALACE
Built in the traditional Minangkabau Rumah Gadang
architectural style, the palace served as a home, meeting
place, and ceremonial space.
It has three stories with 72 pillars
dramatic, curved roof with multi-tiered, up swept gables.
The original Pagaruyung palace was built entirely from
timber masonry,
the current building frame was built using modern
concrete structure.
 UBUD, GIANYAR REGENCY OF
BALI, INDONESIA.

PURI SAREN
AGUNG
Ubud comes from the word “Ubad” (Balinese language),
which means medicine.
Built in the 19th century by the ruler Ida Tjokorda Putu
Kandel, the palace's front section, with its gardens and
carvings, is a visual delight.

UBUD PALACE
 MINANGKABAU IN WEST
SUMATRA, INDONESIA

RUMAH
GADANG
(Minangkabau: "big house") or
rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau: "spired roof
house")

Framework is made of wood.

The shape is made to resemble a boat.
The does not use nails as a binder, but a wood
peg as a connection
A rumah gadang serves as a residence and as
a hall for family meetings and ceremonial
activities.
 MINANGKABAU IN WEST
SUMATRA, INDONESIA

RUMAH
GADANG
(Minangkabau: "big house") or
rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau: "spired roof
house")

Shuttered windows are built into walls

incised with profuse painted floral
carvings.
The front of the gadang house is filled
with carvings and ornaments
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
GONJONG ANJUANG PAPAN BANYAK
hornlike roof raised floor at the front façade
structure end of one style of
rumah gadang

SINGKOK DINDIANG ARI PAPAN SAKAPIANG

triangular wall under the walls on the a shelf or middle
the ends of gonjong side elevations band on the
periphery of the
house house

PERENG DINDIANG TAPI SALANGKO

shelf under the the walls on the wall enclosing
singkok front and back space under a
elevations house that has
been built on stilt
stilt
 BANDUNG, WEST JAVA,
INDONESIA

COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE
• 16th and 17th centuries

Arrival of European powers in Indonesia who used

masonry for much of their construction.
The Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with
local building features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos,
large windows and ventilation openings)
refers to the buildings that were created across Indonesia
during the Dutch colonial period, during that time, this
region was known as the Dutch East Indies
COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE
• 16th and 17th centuries

The three styles of colonial architecture in Indonesia are:

1. Old Indies Style
2. Indies Empire style - 18th century - 19th century.
3. New Indies Style - late 19th century–20th century
OLD INDIES
STYLE

The Indo-European hybrid villa

(Landhuis) of the 19th century was
among the first colonial buildings to
incorporate Indonesian architectural
elements and attempt adapting to the
climate.
INDIES EMPIRE
STYLE
18th century - 19th century.

Bogor Palace
an imitation of neoclassical Empire Style
which was popular in mid-19th-century
France.
 NEW INDIES
STYLE late 19th century–20th century

Gedung Sate
was designed according to a neoclassical
design incorporating native Indonesian
elements
 JAVA
Indo-European homes
End of 19th Century
Improvements to technology,
communications and transportation
Modernistic buildings

In Early 20th Century

European buildings with Indonesian
trims
Practical measures carried over from
the earlier Indo-European hybrids.
included overhanging eaves, larger
windows and ventilation in the walls
The Palace of Daendels
Pre-war Bandung home
 BALI
Villa Isola

Colonial rule was never as extensive as it

was in Java

in 1906, the Dutch gained full control of

the island—and consequently the island
only has a limited stock of colonial
architecture

a number of mini mansions in the

Balinese-Dutch style still survive.
POST INDEPENDENCE
ARCHITECTURE
• Early twentieth century modernisms are still very evident across
much of Indonesia, mostly in Java

Despite the new country's economic woes, government-funded

major projects were undertaken in the modernist style:
A clover-leaf highway.
The 127 000-seat Bung Karno Stadium
Numerous monuments including The National Monument
Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta the largest mosque in Southeast Asia.
 Semanggi
Roundabout, Jakarta

Gelora Bung
Karno Stadium

Istiqlal Mosque

National Monument
Central Jakarta, Indonesia
 TAMAN MINI
INDONESIA
INDAH
CULTURALTHEME PARK

“TMII”
“Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park’ “
located in East Jakarta, Indonesia
it is approximately 150 hectares
literally a miniature replica of Indonesia
Overall, 26 provinces are represented at
Taman Mini
also has amusement attractions, museums,
theaters and restaurants.
TAMAN MINI
INDONESIA
INDAH
BALAIRUNG
HOTEL
Daerah Khusus Ibukota
Jakarta 13140, Indonesia
CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTURE
in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, growth of foreign investment and
economic;
large construction booms brought major changes to
Indonesian cities.
Many new buildings are clad with shiny glass surfaces to
reflect the tropical sun.
introduction of deconstructivism architecture.
In residential Architecture, producing a growing number of
fine houses based on indigenous idioms, sometimes blended
with colonial or modern themes.
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BANDUNG, JAKARTA
(1920) by Henri Maclaine Pont

Incorporated indigenous features:

timber houses-on-stilts of the

Minangkabau region in Sumatra,
with their distinctive peaked

suspended roofs

Javanese Kratons, or royal

palaces
 AULA
SIMFONIA
Main hall . An impressive and an
imposed structure of giant parabolic
beams of laminated wood bound with
iron clamps.
CATHOLIC CHURCH,
POHSARANG, JAVA
(1937) Pont’s last work in the region

Surrounded by a series of stepped walled

courtyards and gateways.
the main body consists of a five cornered
cupola, made up of bent timber rafters
converging on a key piece at the apex
composite “roofnet” of steel cables
lattice timber frameworks, supporting clay
roof tile
Overhead windows with overlapping, open
panes of glass ensure adequate light and
ventilation at the apex.
INDONESIA INFLUENCES
was formerly known as the Dutch East Indies (or GEOGRAPHICAL
Netherlands East Indies) Indonesia is the largest country in
INDOS - “India,” and NESOS - “island.” Southeast Asia.
It is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia five major islands
world's fourth most populous country. about 30 smaller groups.
majority Muslim population.
CAPITAL : JAKARTA GEOLOGICAL
Javanese – largest – and politically dominant – Volcanic Rock
ethnic group bricks
Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in timber
Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates sugar palm tree
the diversity that shapes the country
coconut tree
alang-alang grass
rice straw
coconut fiber
bamboo
INFLUENCES RELIGION
six official religions; Islam, Protestantism,
CLIMATIC
Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and
tropical climate.
Confucianism.
Generally, the weather is hot and humid.
Agnosticism or atheism, and blasphemy is
two distinct seasons: dry and rainy seasons.
illegal.
Barong - is a panther-like creature.
INFLUENCE TO ARCHITECTURE
Stone Carvings - Prambanan temple
Architectural style with local building features
Borobudur Temple world’s biggest Buddhist
Row houses, canals and enclosed solid walls
monument
-long eaves-verandas-porticos
-large windows and ventilation openings
HISTORICAL
Invaders, colonizers, missionaries,
SOCIAL & POLITICAL merchants, and traders brought cultural
ROMAN CATHOLICISM - PORTUGESE changes
ARRIVAL WITH SPICE TRADING (1594) European influences have also been
In 1965, Sukarno issued Presidential Decree particularly strong since the 19th
No. 1/Pn.Ps/1965, in which six religions were century.
officially recognized and embraced by the Chinese, Arab, and European
Indonesian people
architectural influences - quite
significant inIndonesian architecture.
SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION
1. POST & LINTEL
2. TENON & MORTISE JOINT
3. WOODEN PEGS
4. TOUNGE & GROOVE
TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE
HINDUISM & BUDDHISM ARCHITECTURE
Hinduism-inspired architecture is taller
with pointed crowns,
while Buddhism-inspired architecture
uses stupas.
CANDI
Religious structures / temple
Hindu perspective - derived from
Candika, one of the manifestations of
the goddess Durga as the goddess of
death.
CANDI PRAMBANAN
A 9th-century Hindu temple compound
dedicated to the Trimūrti
the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia
second-largest in Southeast Asia after Angkor Wat.
Prambanan Temple Compounds:
1. Prambanan Temple (also called Loro Jonggrang),
2. Sewu Temple
3. Bubrah Temple
4. Lumbung Temple
DIENG PLATEAU
a plateau in Central Java
surrounded by a series of mountains
Dieng is a name that comes from Old Javanese
words: di means "place" and hyang means
"ancestors" or "gods", literally "Dihyang" means
"place of the ancestors" or "place where the gods
reside".
CANDI DIENG
The earliest surviving Hindu temples in Java are at
the Dieng Plateau, thought to have originally
numbered as many as 400, only 8 remain today. *
Dieng Structures - small and relatively plain
 TEMPLES
lustered around three groups;
1. Arjuna cluster,
2. Dwarawati cluster
3. Gatotkaca clusters,
while Bima temple was constructed as a
separate single temple.
ARJUNA CLUSTER
Arjuna temple - located north end
4 TEMPLES:
Srikandi temple - south
Puntadewa temple - south
Sembadra temple - south
Semar temple - south
ARJUNA TEMPLE
a relic of Hindu civilization
was built for worship for Hindus
6×6 m. plan
3 (three) parts:
1. (Bhurloka) the foot of the temple
2. (Bhurwaloka) the body part of the
temple
3. (Swarloka) roof of the temple.
The roof of the temple consists of
three layers (bhumi),
SRIKANDI TEMPLE
Srikandi’s outer wall features carvings, displaying several
Hindu Gods.
It features several cube stones on top of the temple.
stone staircase
The roof of the temple has been damaged so that the
original shape is no longer visible.
PUNTADEWA TEMPLE
features a “relung” or a place to store arcas.
Its roof has the shape of a bar.
SEMBADRA TEMPLE
The roof top has been destroyed, so the original shape is
no longer visible.
the temple has a size of 4.75 x 5.50 m
SEMAR TEMPLE
was used by Brahmana caste or priests for performing
numerous religious ceremonies.
functions as a ancillary temple, or an accompanying
temple
7 x 3.50 meters, with a door facing east.
GATOTKACA CLUSTER DWARAWATI temple
Gatotkaca group also consists of five rectangular plan with a length of 5 m, width 4m,
temples and height (currently) 6 meters.
Today only Gatotkaca temple remains
stands, other four temples are fallen into CANDI BIMA
ruin.
highest temple found in the Dieng Plateau height of
about 8 meters
GATOTKACA TEMPLE built on a square-shaped foundation measuring 6 x 6
meters.
It is estimated that this temple was built
during the reign of Queen Sima. BUDDHIST MONUMENT
world’s biggest Buddhist monument,
RATU MAHARANI SHIMA decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha
QUEEN SHIMA - was the queen regnant statues.
of the 7th century Kalingga kingdom it was built without using any kind of cement or
a very fair, just, and strong queen and mortar
her people were extremely honest. Zone 1: Kamadhatu
The phenomenal world, the world inhabited by
DWARAWATI CLUSTER common people.
Dwarawati group consisted of four Zone 2: Rapudhatu
temples. Currently, only Dwarawati that The transitional sphere, humans are released from
remain relatively intact, the rest are in worldly matters.
ruins.
location is a bit secluded Zone 3: Arupadhatu
The highest sphere, the abode of the gods.
Majapahit EMPIRE
Majapahit derives from Javanese, meaning
"bitter maja".
The use of bricks in Indonesia’s Classical Era
Temples of Majapahit
have a strong geometrical quality with a
sense of verticality
Gapura Wringin Lawang Trowulan
the 14th century grand split gate, called
"Candi Bentar" or split gateway.
Mosques (15th Century)
Islam had become the dominant religion in
Java and Sumatra.
1. Kauman Great Mosque
triple-tiered roof, lack of minaret, and a
serambi.
serambi - roofed main verandah
Javanese Mosques
had tall timber, multi-level roofs similar to the
pagodas of Balinese
1. Al-Aqsha Mosque
one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia
Sultan Suriansyah Mosque
oldest mosque in South Kalimantan.
made out of ironwood and with a three-story roof.
Mosques (19th Century)
sultanates of Indonesian archipelago began to
adopt and absorb foreign influences of Islamic
architecture.
Grand Mosque of Medan
has an octagonal shape and has wings to the
south, east, north and west.
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
The mosque is a landmark of Banda Aceh and
has survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Gala Mosque, Tembayat
the oldest mosque in Java that survives through
time - one of the examples of Indo- Javanese
culture style “top of the hill building”
TRADITIONAL AND VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
each of Indonesia’s ethnic groups has its
own distinctive form of the traditional
vernacular architecture, known as Rumah
adat.
RUMAH ADAT
RUMAH - “house” / “home”
The house provides the main focus for the
family and its community
most rumah adat are built on stilts.
SIGNIFICANT AND DISTINCTIVE
RUMAH ADAT
1 BATAK BATAK & TOBA ARCHITECTURE
(North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped
jabu homes of the Toba Batak people,
with dominating carved gables and
dramatic oversized roof, and is based on an
ancient model.
2. KARO ARCHITECTURE
known as 'Siwaluh Jabu' high roof - in the
form of a combination of a gable or two
gables crossed over a hip roof for multiple
family occupancy The design is naturally
earthquake-resistant.
3. BUBUNGAN TINGGI
traditional house of Banjar Tribe in South Kalimantan.
Its name Bubungan Tinggi refers to the steep roof (45
degrees) .
4. TRADITIONAL BALINESE HOMES
a collection of individual; largely open structures
The Balinese traditional house is the product of a
blend of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs, fused with
Austronesian animism
Balinese House compound
built as a house compound, where daily functions are
separated not by rooms, but by individual structures
within an enclosing wall.
Pura Ulun Danu Bratan
the second largest lake in Bali In Bali,
Hindu temples are known as "pura" Danu - in the
Balinese tongue, means lake,
The 11-storey pelinggih meru in the complex is
dedicated to Shiva and his consort Parvathi.
5. THE SASAK PEOPLE OF LOMBOK
Sasak came from the word sak-sak, which means
"boat".
build lumbung - pile-built bonnet-roofed rice barns
built on four poles.
6. DAYAK LONGHOUSES 3 TYPES OF TONGKONAN :
it is the village. 1. Tongkonan layuk - house of the highest authority and
sometimes over 300 meters long, can it is used as the center of government.
contain dozens of separate family 2. Tongkonan pekamberan - belongs to the family group
apartments, as well as public spaces. members, who have some authorities in local
traditions (known as adat).
7. TORAJA GROUP 3. Tongkonan batu - belongs to the ordinary family
members.
an ethnic group indigenous to a
mountainous region of South Sulawesi, RUMAH ADAT ON SUMBA
Indonesia. The Toraja of the Sulawesi
highlands are renowned for their Sumba is an island located in the eastern part of
tongkonan. Indonesia Sumbanese traditional house ( "peaked /
pointed house") - also known as Uma.
TONGKONAN The roof’s shape is inspired by the buffalo’s horns,
derived from the Toraja word tongkon (‘to which are considered sacred animals in Sumba.
sit’) and literally means the place where A basic Sumba house is a square layout up to 5 x 5
family members meet. meters and larger ones up to 15 x 15 meters.
Rumah adat of the Torajan people
boat-shaped and oversized saddleback
roof.
3 LEVEL OF TONGKONAN HOUSE
1. first level - 'sulluk' is underside of house
where the buffaloes are kept.
2. second level - is where the family live
3. third level - is said to be 'where the cat
sleeps'.
PALACE ARCHITECTURE
Istana (or "palace") architecture of the
various kingdoms and realms of Indonesia
Javanese Kraton
(Keraton – Javanese Royal palace)
large pendopo / pendapa (pavilion) of the
joglo roof form
1 PAGARUYUNG PALACE
Built in the traditional Minangkabau
Rumah Gadang architectural style, the
palace served as a home, meeting place,
and ceremonial space.
It has three stories with 72 pillars dramatic,
curved roof with multi-tiered, up swept
gables.
2. PURI SAREN AGUNG
Ubud comes from the word “Ubad”
(Balinese language), which means
medicine.
Built in the 19th century by the ruler Ida
Tjokorda Putu Kandel, the palace's front
section, with its gardens and carvings, is a
visual delight.
3. RUMAH GADANG
(Minangkabau: "big house") or rumah bagonjong
(Minangkabau: "spired roof house")
Framework is made of wood.
The shape is made to resemble a boat.
A rumah gadang serves as a residence and as a hall for
family meetings and ceremonial activities.
4. GEDUNG SATE
Arrival of European powers in Indonesia who used
masonry for much of their construction.
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
The three styles of colonial architecture :
1. Old Indies Style
2. Indies Empire style - 18th century - 19th century.
3. New Indies Style - late 19th century–20th century
In Java - Practical measures carried over from the earlier
Indo-European hybrids.
In Bali - Colonial rule was never as extensive as it was in
Java
POST INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE
government-funded major projects were
undertaken in the modernist style:
1. A clover-leaf highway.
2. The 127 000-seat Bung Karno Stadium
3. The National Monument
4. Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta - the largest mosque
in Southeast Asia.
5. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) - literally a
miniature replica of Indonesia
6. Balairung Hotel
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
Many new buildings are clad with shiny glass
surfaces to reflect the tropical sun.
introduction of deconstructivism architecture.
In residential Architecture, producing a growing
number of fine houses based on indigenous
idioms, sometimes blended with colonial or
modern themes.
1. Institute of Technology, Bandung, Jakarta
distinctive peaked suspended roofs Javanese
Kratons, or royal palaces
2. Aula Simfonia
Main hall - An impressive and an imposed structure
of giant parabolic beams of laminated wood bound
with iron clamps.
3. Catholic Church, Pohsarang, Java
Surrounded by a series of stepped walled
courtyards and gateways.
the main body consists of a five cornered cupola,
made up of bent timber rafters converging on a
key piece at the apex composite “roofnet” of steel
cables lattice timber frameworks.
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GROUP 5 MEMBERS:

01 02 03
BALAYO, MACMAC, ANGEL T. MADSAM, FAICKA T.
CATHERINE

04 05 06
Reyes, John S. Villamor, Maria Arimado, John Mark
Angela