Module in LEA 3: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

CONCEPTS

1ST SEMESTER
2021-2022

JAN ARMEL AMEDO

Instructor

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 Module in LEA 3: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

COURSE TITLE

CHAPTER I
DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF SECURITY & SAFETY INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

Security is one of the elements of human civilization. Without security, the

progress of our future is endangered because of the uncertainty from danger of
loss or damage. Security is a human need and a human right. This is why the
United Nations recognize it under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as
it states "Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and the equal and
inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of
freedom, justice, and peace in the world", and "Everyone has the right to life,
liberty, and the security of person" Much of this Declaration focuses on individual
freedom from unreasonable encroachment by the state. At the same time, it
includes the concept that the state similarly has a general duty to protect the
public from untoward risks. A safe society depends upon the application of
numerous measures based on situation, individual, military, law enforcement,
technical, and other factors. Such standards and processes are likely to extend
to evolve as society changes.

This chapter presents a general overview about security. A definition of

security and its historical background, threats and conditions that may affect
security and the basic role of PNP as the lead organization in combating such
threats, and related terminologies is made to ensure that fundamental
information, governance operational environment of security as applied in any
type of organization or business, is provided.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to do the following:

1. Define what is industrial security and its principles
2. Become familiarized with the history of security and safety industry.
3. Describe each division and fields of Industrial security.
4. Explain the necessity and importance of security.
5. Discuss the role of Philippine National Police in Industrial Security

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STIMULATING LEARNING

Considering your degree in law enforcement, reflect on this quote

not just as a future law enforcer but also as a private citizen.

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 Module in LEA 3: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

INCULCATING CONCEPTS

DEFINITION

The word 'secure' entered the English language in the 16th century. It is
derived from Latin word "securus", meaning freedom from anxiety: se (without) +
cura (care, anxiety). The term also derives from the Latin "secuntas", feeling no
care or apprehension, the safeguarding of the interests of a state, organization,
or persons, safe.

SECURITY is defined as the state or quality of being secured, from danger,

assurance, or certainty. To secure is to make safe or to be protected.

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SECURITY?

Industrial security is a concept related to national security, which means

'the overall system for protecting internal assets'. Cunningham and Taylor (1985)
defined the term "industrial security" in a broad sense as "any effort to protect all
economic activity from crime." It is more specifically defined as "Asset protection
and loss prevention to protect all assets, both intangible and intangible," and is
used as a term limited to industry.

Brooks (2009, p. 11-12) defined industrial security as 'security applications in

specific industries such as aviation security, maritime security, critical
infrastructure protection, government security and retail security'. Brooks also
proposed a security system that includes 13 types of criminology, business
continuity management, fire and life safety, and facility management.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

• Command Responsibility
Cannot be delegated but the security task can be assigned

• Compartmentation
Need to know basis

• Balance between Security and Efficiency

Security prevails over Efficiency

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• General Principles of Security Remain Constant

Specific measures to suit operations

• Security is the Concern of all Personnel

Regardless of rank, position, designation

From this point, there are four interlinking factors that evolved to make
individuals, enterprises, institutions, and society as a whole secure:

1) Physical Security Measures;

2) Public Protection Forces;

3) Private Security Personnel; and

4) Individual Efforts for Protection and Order Maintenance.

A. Physical Security Measures

Due to the dynamic relationship between human population and

resources, security became necessary for human survival. As population
increased in early societies, pressure for self-sustenance often led to exploration,
domination of vulnerable populations, and exploitation.

The rise of the first states in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Peru caused
conflicts between neighboring villages. Neighboring communities battled with
each other as a consequence of limited resources.

The conflicts added to the creation of hierarchical structures in early

societies. Farming societies gradually created chiefdoms, reinforced by kinship,
partially to create order. And then codes were established to assure peaceful
coexistence, to stimulate commerce, to encourage development of specialized
work, and to provide a structure for dealing with threats from external forces.
The successful leader was likely to be one who could be most effective in
inspiring the clan, band, tribe, or community to fight ferociously and successfully
against aggressors, or to lead people in attacks against others to increase their
own resources.

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As societies become larger, they form group classifications with kings, or

their equivalents, serving as a leadership élite with subordinate categories of
social, political and economic distinctions. Often these positions became
hereditary and self-reinforcing. Ascendency started to evolve by a complex
existence with competition for limited resources which threatened the security
and safety of the community.

The development of early communities, the accumulation of wealth, and

the improvement of agricultural lands caused unwarranted outside attack by
those who coveted such assets and resources.

The fear of attacks led to the evolution of defensive means to protect the
community. A fundamental strategy was to use physical security measures. And
often, geographic location could be significant for protection such as being
situated on high locations or surrounded by or alongside bodies of water.

Wall or physical barriers for protection often surrounded the community.

Posts, thick enclosures, heavy doors with stout closures, animals, and traps all
served to protect communities from attack from outside forces. Thus, a variety of
physical and animate security resources emerged. The wall in terms of simplicity
of concept, construction requirements, the extent of operating and construction
costs, and the resultant shaping of the protected community into a distinctive
political entity.

Over the years, the wall as an organizing structure, protected nations,

provinces, cities, villages, military fortifications, castles, and individual living units.
The wall was a critical aid to civility and security at least from the later part of
the Stone Age until the 19th century, and continues in modern times on a more
restricted basis. From the Roman tradition on, the medieval town or city wall
contained three elements: the wall itself, towers, and gates. The wall could be
one to three meters wide with heights sometimes over twenty meters. Towers
would be situated at periodic distances along the extent of the wall in which
soldiers or lookouts could be stationed. Gates controlled access to the interior.
Beyond controlling entrance and egress, gates could be points where visitors
sometimes may be charged a gate fee to enter, or visitors were obliged to
provide evidence of their reliability. This physical structure significantly controlled
internal and external features to life on both sides of the wall.

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Today, walls expressed the power and promise of urban life. A walled
community evoked psychological, economic, military, and political impediment
for attackers.

Animals probably preceded defensive structures to protect people. Dogs are

particularly suitable for security purposes. Dogs were valuable also as canine
alarms, to attack intruders, for hunting, and for companionship.

In modern times canine patrols serve law enforcement around the world.
They are used to detect illegal contraband, the smuggling of people, and the
presence of prohibited foods, plants, narcotics, and explosives.

Other animals besides dogs have played roles in protecting people and
property. Birds capable of making loud noise when disturbed have been put to
use to protect prisons from escapees and military facilities from unauthorized
presence of people. Similarly, the warhorse was important for military use since
early civilizations.

Security is needed within as well as without a walled community or

structure. To protect precious objects, including vital documents; hidden places
within walls or furniture or under floors were frequently created.

Safes and strong boxes have served as protected containers since

ancient Egypt. Locks are among the oldest mechanisms invented. Through the
centuries the need to protect precious metals and stones and important
documents created a market that advanced safe and vault construction skills.
Mechanical locks were developed earlier than combination mechanisms. Locks
with keys were widely available for purchase from artisans from the middle Ages.

B. Public Protection Forces

Considering that the first of the community is to protect itself through

government and personal initiative, hierarchical stratification in early society
occurred partially to provide leadership for defensive purposes.

Human society evolved from bands, to tribes relying on kinship, then to

chiefdoms, consisting of a leader who would direct the activities of those within
his sphere of control. Beyond the, kingdoms, and occasionally queendoms,
arose to advance mutual defense and economic vitality. The empires emerged
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which combined multiple countries with various forms of governance. The

formation of forces of men for defense and offense was inevitable. Military
forces were convened over the centuries.

The emergence of law enforcement is inextricably linked to the

emergence of the city. The word derives from the Greek polis, referring to the
city-state, that, organized government, the perfect community. While the word
polis may still be used to define civil administration, since the 18th century the
derivative term police has been associated internationally with a civil force
entrusted with the maintenance of public order, enforcing regulations, punishing
breaches of the law, and detecting crime. Early law enforcement in Greek,
Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic empires and carries the discourse through
policing in Britain and the United States until the mid-20th century. The term law
enforcement significantly reflects the supremacy of law. It also implies that law
enforcement involves more than police, incorporating specialized units
generally possessing police powers. The military is primarily responsible for macro
risks generally occurring outside of the nation, the police are responsible for
internal micro risks within the community. To manage the peace, sworn police
officers always have possessed a special power to deprive people temporarily
of their liberty for reasonable cause. But at times when policing is inadequate for
whatever reason, the private sector provides protection for itself. Eventually this
will foster the rise of private security services and systems.

C. Private Security Personnel

The security industry had its origins as a commercial enterprise in the

United States. Allan Pinkerton has contributed much to the origin of modern,
profit-making security services. As the business grows, he started employing
security, personnel as detectives. Kate Warne was hired and became the first
woman detective in 1856.

Eventually, Pinkerton provided armed guards. Guarding became a new

source of revenue. And with the start of the American Civil War, Pinkerton
personally provided protective services briefly for the president, Abraham
Lincoln.

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Later in the war, Pinkerton's organization created an intelligence

gathering operation for the army. He quickly devised means whereby he could
collect intelligence from undercover agents. With the end of the war,
industrialization in the Northern states surged and Pinkerton's security business
grew along with it. Pinkerton's firm had made seminal contributions to:
commercial investigation, guarding, executive protection, intelligence
collection, and consulting services.

Today, private security personnel offer their clients flexibility, specialized

skills, insurance covering job-related liabilities, and cost-effective services making
the choice attractive for clients. Private security firms sometimes operate for-
profit correctional facilities and provide services in government offices,
educational and research institutions, and within military compounds.

D. Individual Efforts for Protection and Order Maintenance

From the earliest evidence of human experience, individuals have taken

responsibility for their own security. This involved physical measures as well as
protective procedures taken both individually and collectively. While the military,
civilian police, private security, and indeed numerous other organizations
provided by the state offer protection, individual efforts are the oldest, most
prevalent, and most difficult activity to assess quantitatively and qualitatively.
Programs provided by the state and not-for-profit organizations have been
developed to mitigate risks in modern times.

Recently, innovative ways have helped communities reduce crime and

increase the perception of safety. These include public/private programs like
community policing. In addition to private security services are volunteer
programs. Numerous non-police oriented, private sector directed organizations
have developed anti-crime programs to support security of individual homes,
neighborhoods, and commercial enterprises.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECURITY

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Many thousand years ago, some form of law and consequently some
form of enforcement can be traced back to the dawn of civilization. Four
thousand years before the birth of Christ in the Nile, Valley, and man knew law
enforcement which in security. The Chinese, the Greeks, the Hebrews, the
Persians and the Roman empires are replete with historical background of
security.

In the Christian era or after the birth of Christ, the watchman, forerunner of
the security guard was known in the old Testaments.

Security or law enforcement more often than not appeared to be military

troops. During the time that the countries were covered by royal families, military
bodyguards or guardsmen picked from the elite troops comprised of the
household troops assigned to Royal Families. Famous among them are the
Praetorian Guards of Ancient Rome and the Mameluks of Egypt Today, the only
remaining are the Swiss Guards at the Vatican in Rome.

During the Age of Feudalism, the Anglo-Saxons brought with them to

England organizations made up of individuals to protect civil and military groups.
The formal system of security during the middle ages follows largely the
refinements of existing practices. The Anglo-Saxons (Angles, the Saxons and the
Jules) from Germany, for six hundred years 4501066 consolidated England under
a single ruler. They brought with them a stable structure and a fairly legal system.
The basic ties of society were kinship and the voluntary association between lord
and man. Kinship was the bond on which the individual depended for security
and mutual aid in all his affairs. Between lord and man the fact was bilateral. In
return for such relationship man provided the lord with weapons, horses, land
and treasures and gave total unswerving loyalty. The system of social structure
was known as the "frank-pledge"; groups of ten householders were considered a
unit called "tithing", ten tithing constituted the police organization in criminal
matters. During these times the Anglo-Saxons in the exercise of law used the
oath or the ordeal for a system or justice. Failure to appear before the court to
answer a charge made one an outlaw.

In the history of England, the Norman period (1066-1199) administered by

William of Normandy brought about such personality as "shire reeves" whose
duties are directed toward preservation of peace and order within their
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jurisdiction. Under the rule of Henry II, known as the "Law Giver", he established a
truth between those crimes. Henry II has initiated the rule of law as distinct from
the more arbitrary judgments of the Normans. The Assize of Clarendon in 1166
provided the origin of trial by jury. After the Norman period, in 1215 the "Magna
Carta" was signed. It established the "principle of due process" by stating that no
freeman could be arrested, imprisoned, deprived of his property, outlawed or
exiled or "in any way destroyed except by legal judgment of his peers or by the
law of the land". It established the important principle that everyone including
the king is subject to law. It was at that time that a central court system was
established where in such institutions and courts like the coroners, Justice of the
Peace, Chancery courts, the Privy Councils were established.

In 1748, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent,

professional and adequately paid security force. His most valuable contribution
was the "Foot Patrol to make the streets safe and mounted patrol for the
highways.

The Industrial Revolution during the later half of the 18th Century began to
gather momentum. The time people flocked to the cities lured by promises of
work and wages. The crowding of the cities with the influx of wealth secker
brought theory, crimes of violence and juvenile delinquencies. Then came the
"Laisses Faire which contended that labor was the source of wealth; and it was
by freedom of labor, that public wealth would best be promoted. Crime rates
spiraled the response to high crimes brought citizens to resort to carrying of
firearms for protection and they continued to band together to hire special
police to protect homes and properties. This was the beginning of private
security.

In America, security practices in the early days of the colonization

followed those of England. Mutual protection and accountability characterized
the various groups. The American Revolution sprang and the "Declaration of
Independence was born Police power is bestowed upon the state to permit
interference with the normal personal and property rights in the interest of
conducting government in the general public interest 1783, a police
Department was established in New York City, followed by Detroit in 1801,
Cincinnati in 1803, Chicago in 1846 Los Angeles in 1850, Philadelphia in 1855 and
Dallas in 1856.

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The advent of the World War II causes an even more dramatic

development of private security agencies. Security personnel constituted a
large work force, looking for jobs involving security services and thus usher in the
era of Modem Security.

In 1850, Allan Pinkerton, a cooper from Scotland and the Chicago Police
Department's first detective established one of the oldest, private security forces
in the United States. This company aside from providing investigation of crimes
and security for industrial concerns also serves as the intelligence gathering arm
of the Union Army during the Civil War. In 1889, Brink's Incorporated started the
business as a private service to protect property and payrolls. In 1909, the
William J. Burns, Inc. was formed to become the sole investigating agency for
the American Banking Association. Pinkerton and Burns were the only National
Investigative bodies concerned with non-specialized crimes until the advent of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

In the Philippines, it would be wise to trace the steps leading to the final
signing by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 13, 1969 of Republic Act 5487,
the Private Security Agency Law. In this law was assigned the most important
role of Security Guard Force in assisting the Police in its mission to safeguard lives
and properties. The then Philippine Constabulary (PC played a great role in
supervising all Private Security Agencies Company Guard Forces and
Government Guards. The Headquarters Philippine Constabulary issued Staff
Memo dated August 4, 1969 creating the Philippine Constabulary Security and
Investigation Agency Supervisory Office (PCSIASO). After barely two (2) months
another General Staff Memo was issued renaming PCSIASO to PCSOSIA. On
June 29, 1970, it was again renamed as PC Supervisory Unit for Security and
Investigation Agencies (SUSIA) However, the supervision was later on transferred
to the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) now National
Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA). With the intention of continuously
professionalizing the security industry, several Presidential Decrees were issued
such as P.D. No. 11 issued on October 1972, amending certain sections of R.A.
5487 particularly Section 4 as to who may organize a security and watchman
agency, P.D. 100 on January 17, 1973, further amended Sections 3, 4,5 8 and 9
which permits the Philippine Constabulary to deputize any private detectives,
watchman or security guard to assist in cases of emergency disaster or calamity.

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With the creation of the Philippine National Police on January 1, 1991

pursuant to R.A. 6975, PCSUSIA became Supervisory Office for Security and
Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) and on January 01, 1995 it was renamed as PNP
SAGSD (Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division). This Unit of the PNP
was given the same functions to that of the PCSOSIA but a more challenging
and expanding tasks. To date, there are more or less Two Thousand (2,000)
registered security agencies operating in the Philippines, Five Hundred Sixty
Thousand (560, 000) licensed security personnel and One Twenty Four (124)
Private Security Training Institutions.

LEGAL BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Natural Authority

a. The highest law is the law of self-preservation. By instinct man, man naturally
reacts in order to protect himself, his family, his honor, freedom, liberty and
property from danger, threat or hazard. He does it personally or thru the help of
others.

2. Constitutional Authority

a. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon thereof, all citizens may be required, under
conditions the people to defend the state and, in the fulfillment provided by law,
or to render personal military service. (Art. II Sec 4 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution.

b. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of

law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the law. (Art. III Sec.
I of the 1987 Philippine Constitution)

c. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
(Art. III Sec. 9 of then 1987 Philippine Constitution).

d. The right of the people to be secured in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches and seizure of whatever nature and for
any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall
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be issued except upon examination under oath or affirmation of the

complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized (Art III Sec. 2 of the
1987 Philippine Constitution).

3. Statutory Authority

a. The Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815, as amended)

b. Private Security Agency Law ( Republic Act 5487 amended)

SECURITY IN GENERAL

SECURITY, in a collective sense, is the same protection and safety, the

state of being safe and the condition of being protected against physical
spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupation psychological or other types
of consequences of failure damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event
which could be considered not desirable

SECURITY is also freedom from fear, harm danger, loss, destruction or

damages. A state of the mind by which a person see or feel absence of danger
and presence of comfort.

Basically, aside from the threats posed by nature sources, it is the action of
man against man that led to many unsecured and unsafe conditions. Reasons
could be economic, revenge, or just plain greed and avarice. But, whatever
motive, the civilized man needs adequate protection.

In relation to this subject, security can also be defined as:

1. State or feeling of safety: the state or feeling of being safe and protected;

2. Freedom from worry about possible loss: the assurance that something of
value will not be taken away;

3. Something giving assurance: something that provides a sense of protection

against loss, attack, or harm; protection against attack from without or
subversion from within;
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4. Safety: Protection against attack from without or subversion from within;

5. Precautions to maintain safety: precautions taken to keep somebody or

something safe from crime, attack, or danger, and

6. Guards: people or an organization entrusted with the job of protecting

somebody or something, especially a building or institution, against crime.

With the above definitions, security can be summed up as any measures

taken to keep an individual or group from dangers or hazards that may cause
harm, injury, loss of life, and or loss or damage to property.

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

In providing security and protection to industrial establishments, security

and protective measures are focused on the following major divisions:

1. Physical Security - as discussed earlier, this is the broadest type of security. As

a major division of industrial security, it can be defined as those measures taken
to prevent physical access or entry to an installation or area by unauthorized
personnel.

2. Personnel Security - As described earlier, this division of security is applied to

check the background of persons as well as the protection of company
personnel against potential harmful acts or conditions.

3. Document and Information Security - This includes every measures designed to

safeguard company documents from unintentional or intentional harmful acts or
against unauthorized disclosure of the information contained therein.

FIELDS OF SECURITY

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The following are the fields of security classified according to each sphere or
subject:

A. Information Technology (IT) Fields

1. Computing Security - is a branch of information security applied to both

theoretical and actual computer systems.

2. Computer Security - is a branch of computer science that addresses

enforcement of 'secure behavior on the operation of computers. The definition
of 'secure' varies by application, and is typically defined implicitly or explicitly by
a security policy that addresses confidentiality, integrity and availability of
electronic information that is processed by or stored on computer systems.

3. Data Security - is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe from corruption
and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus, data security helps to ensure
privacy. It also helps in protecting personal data.

4. Application Security - encompasses measures taken to prevent exceptions in

the security policy of an application or the underlying system (vulnerabilities)
through flaws in the design, development, or deployment of the application.

5. Information Security - means protecting and information systems from

information unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or
destruction. The term information security, computer security and information
assurance are frequently used interchangeably. These fields are interrelated
and share the common goals of protecting the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of information; however, there are some subtle differences between
them. These differences lie primarily in the approach to the subject, the
methodologies used, and the areas of concentration. Information security is
concerned with the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data regardless
of the form the data may take: electronic, print, or other forms.

6. Network Security - consists of the provisions made in an underlying computer

network infrastructure, policies adopted by the network administrator to protect
the network and the network-accessible resources from unauthorized access
and the effectiveness (or lack) of these measures combined together.

B. Physical Security Field

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1. Physical Security - describes measures that prevent or deter attackers from

accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on physical media. It can be
as simple as a locked door or as elaborate as multiple layers of armed guard
posts.

2. Shopping Center Security (Mall Or Supermarket) - a type of security which is

concern with the protection of the stores, warehouses, storage, its immediate
premises and properties as well as the supermarket personnel and customers,
Security personnel are trained to detect "shoplifter", robbery, and bomb
detection and customer relation.

3. Airport/Seaport Security - refers to the techniques and methods used in

protecting airports and seaport and by extension aircraft or sea craft, from
crime and terrorism.

4. Home Security - are those methods use of protecting residential homes or

town sites which include the interior protection of houses against property losses
or damages.

5. Industrial Security - a type of security applied to business groups engaged in

industries like manufacturing, assembling, research and development,
processing, warehousing and even agriculture.

6. Hotel Security - a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are
protected from pilferage, loss, damage and the function in the hotel restaurants
are not disturbed and troubled by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of
security employs house detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and insures
that hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.

7. Bank Security - this type of security is concerned with bank operations. Its
main objective is the protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and
clientele. Security personnel are trained to safeguard bank and assets while in
storage, in transit and during transactions.

8. School/Campus Security - a type of security that is concerned with the

protection of students, faculty members, and school properties. Security
personnel are trained to protect the school property from theft, vandals,
handling campus riots and detecting the use of intoxicated drugs and alcohol
by the students.

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C. Political Field

1. International Security - consists of the measures taken by nations and

international organizations, such as the United Nations, to ensure mutual survival
and safety. These measures include military action and diplomatic agreements
such as treaties and conventions. International and national securities are
invariably linked.

2. National Security - refers to the requirement to maintain the survival of the

nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power and the
exercise of diplomacy.

3. Human Security - refers to an emerging paradigm for understanding global

vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national
security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be the individual
rather than the state. Human security holds that a people-centered view of
security is necessary for national, regional and global stability.

D. Monetary Field

1. Financial Security - refers to the methods applied for the protection of

fungible, negotiable instrument representing financial value. It broadly
categorized into debt securities, such as banknotes, bonds and debentures,
and equity securities, etc.

E. Other Security Fields

1. VIP Security - a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking

officials of the government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious standing
and foreign dignitaries. Maybe used to interchangeably mean the same with
Close Protection Operation.

2. Homeland Security - similar to national security but this is more focused on the
protection of vital entities such as critical utilities, critical facilities and critical
infrastructures.
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1. IMPORTANCE & NECESSITY OF SECURITY

Security measures are inevitable or necessary for the attainment of the

goals and objectives of a certain individual, group or organization. It follows that
when an individual or organization is exposed to hazards, their productivity is
adversely affected.

The economic growth of the Philippines for instance moving at a turtle-

pace because of the impending internal and external threats. Internal threats
include but not limited to communist aggressions, the Muslim separatists, the
extreme rightists such as the threat of military takeover of the government; and
the restless mass actions like strikes and protests by civil organizations. External
threats include the country's incapability to defend itself in case of war. All of
these threats if not deterred or reduced, will bring political instability which surely
hampers the economy of the country.

Conversely, among business enterprises, their productivity is restrained if

the hazards surrounding their personnel, properties, and operation are not
eliminated or controlled.

THE ROLE OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND OTHER GOVERNMENT

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (PNP)

Formed under PD 765 as Philippine Constabulary, developed into PC INP

under the RA 6975 and then subsequently into PNP by RA 8551, The Philippine
National police under the Department of Interior and Local Government is the
lead agency tasked for the safety and internal security of the country. This
Includes threats to persons and properties.

PNP MISSION

“The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain
peace and order, and ensure public safety and internal security with the active
support of the community.”

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PNP and Industrial Security

Industrial security is an indispensable part of the Philippine economy

because it serves as a partner of Law Enforcement Agencies in the country such
as the PNP. With its doubtless significance, the PNP takes responsibilities in the
supervision, control and training, and operations of security agencies and in the
issuance of license to operate and the license to practice the security profession.

In addition to this, the PNP and other government law enforcement

agencies serve as the immediate law enforcement agency which assist security
guards and security agencies in the performance of their security functions such
as accepting and processing crime reports submitted by the private security
agency.

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 Module in LEA 3: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE

Direction/s: write your composition using your journal

Given the history of the evolution of Security, compare and contrast the
current state of security in our country today based on your own observation.

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 Module in LEA 3: Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

ENRICHMENT

Direction/s: write your composition using your journal

Using the COVID 19 Pandemic as the threat or hazard, explain the

necessity and importance of security and discuss how it effects the security and
safety of private citizens, the business sector and the national security against
terrorism.

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