COURSE INFORMATION

1. Course Code LEA 2

2. Course Unit 3 units

3. Course Name/ Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts

Title

4. Course The concept and principles of industrial security are covered in this course. It
covers the importance of security personnel in investigations, the concept of
Description criminalistics in the field of industrial security investigation and crime
detection, and the principles of criminal law, evidence, and criminal procedure
in relation to the legal context of industrial security and related laws.

5. Time Frame 54 hours

Title: FUNDAMENTAL OF SECURITY AND ITS CATEGORIES

LESSON 1: Security in General

 Definition of security
 Related Concepts
 Categories of Security
 Security and Safety

LESSON 2: History of security

 Historical Roots of Security
 Security In Philippine History
 Security in Present Time

LESSON 3: Legal Context of Security

 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines
 The Revised Penal Code (Act 3815)
  Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as
Amended)
 Presidential Decree No. 1919 (Amending
RA 5487 and PD 100
 Presidential Decree No. 11 and No. 100
(Ammending RA 5487)

PRE-TEST:
Instruction: On your own words define the following questions base on your own understanding:
1. Define what is Security?
2. Explains the concepts of asset, risk, threat and vulnerability
3. Enumerate the categories of security

PRE-LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Read the Definition of Security and its Significance

DEFINITION OF SECURITY

Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of state where people, institution, authority or groups feel fully
secured of feeling, free from any threat or vulnerability from somewhere or someone in his/her life, liberty,
property or activity. It could be in physical, psychological, social or economical form.

-It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger, assurance, certainty.

-It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and criminals.

Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various methods and device.

The word secure is derived from the Latin term securus which means “safe” or “without care,” or from se cura,
wherein se means “free from” and cura means “care.”

RELATED CONCEPTS

Understanding the concept of security requires further definition of other related concepts such as
asset, risk, threat and vulnerability.

An asset is anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce
the value.

Risk is the uncertainty of financial loss, the probability that a loss has occurred or will occur, the
variations between actual and expected results, or the possible occurrence of an undesirable event.
 A threat is anything that could adversely affect assets; it can be classified into natural hazards (such
floods), accidents (chemical spills), or intentional acts (domestic or international terrorism).

Vulnerability means weakness, flaw, or virtually anything that may conceivably be exploited by a
threat; examples are holes in a fence, an out-of-date key system or the introduction of computer service.

CATEGORIES OF SECURITY

The concept of security is so wide that categorization is necessary for better understanding and
analysis. The three main categories covered in this book include:

1. Physical Security – pertains to all physical barriers employed or installed to secure assets

2. Personnel Security refers to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied to determine
the work suitability of a particular applicant or the retention of a particular employee

3. Document and Information Security – refers to policies, regulations, doctrines, and practices enforced to
safeguard the contents and integrity of any classified information or document from compromise or loss

The three main categories enumerated above will be discussed more lengthily in Part Two of this book.

Political security is another category that relate to social relationships involving governments or entities that
hold authority or power. This includes issues of security in the public, national or international level, as
enumerated below.

Public security refers to the way governments are ensuring the protection of its citizens, organizations and
institutions against threats to their well-being, as well as maintaining the general security and peace in public
places. This includes security against problems that have a direct impact on people’s lives, such as gang
violence, cybercrime, or trafficking of illegal drugs and firearms.

National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of a state through the use of economic power,
diplomacy, and political power. Security threats include military foes from other nations, big drug cartels, or
even national disasters that cause severe environmental damage.

International security consists of the measures taken by nations and international organizations to ensure
mutual survival and safety. Examples of measures are military actions and diplomatic agreements.

In the private sphere, security can be even further categorized, as shown below.

1. Industrial security is a form of physical security involving industrial plants and business enterprises. This
involves the safeguarding of personnel, processes, properties and operations.

2. Bank and armor security involves the protection resulting from the application of various measures which
safeguards cash and assets in storage, in transit, or during transaction.

3. Hotel security involves using various measures of protection for the guests, personnel properties and
functions in hotels, restaurants, bars and clubs.

4. V.I.P. security involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the government, visiting persons of
illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

5. Operational security involves the protection of processes, formula, patents and industrial and
manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise or infringement.
6. Communication security involves the safeguard resulting from the application of different measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person from gaining information through communication
including transmission and cryptographic.

7. Mall/commercial security is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and crime inside malls. As a form
of protection, it refers to systems, structures and processes that provide or improve mall security as a
condition.

SECURITY AND SAFETY

The security of any business establishment today is a complex process. Security work involves active and
passive measures so those effective defenses can be established against crimes. Active measures are the
physical barriers, security lightings, safes and vaults, locks and other devices and gadgets designed to detect
and impede hazards.

On the other hand, passive measures are those that will deter man from committing such acts for fear of being
caught, or charged in court or get dismissed. Security education programs, security investigation, fire
prevention seminars, safety drills, and personal security checks are examples of passive measures.

Activity Number 2: Group Reporting

Criteria for grading:

Content/Ideas– 10
Organization/Expression- 5
Creativity of your output (Desgin)- 5
Total: 20 pts.
LESSON 2
HISTORY OF SECURITY
PRE-TEST:
1. Trace the historical roots of security during the prehistoric times, the ancient period and the middle
ages.
2. Describe the evolution of security in England
3. Discuss the history of security in the Philippine setting
4. Identify current issues in securities

PRE-LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Read the Historical Roots of Security

Historical Roots of Security

The historical roots of private security agencies can be traced back to thousands of years when the protection
of life and personal property were up to the individual, and later on passed to tribes, and then to cities.

In pre-historic times, man recognized the need to keep himself safe from both known and unknown enemies
such as animals, other inhabitants and the environment itself, He used different methods to keep himself safe
such as crafting weapons out of stone and metal, building fire to ward off animals, staying in caves or tree
houses, andeven staying in the middle of the lake for protection.

The Greeks of the ancient period were the ones who organized the first police force in city states which they
termed polis. The Romans, on the other hand, established the Praetorian Guards known as Vigiles who were
tasked to be fire fighters. In the Middle Ages during their invasion of England, the French formed a group of
carefully selected men called shires or sheriff to look alter the peace and order of the different regions.

The greatest influence in the history of security came from England. In 1655, Oliver Cromwell set up in England
and Wales a police force that operated to capture and punish criminals. In 1748, London magistrate Henry
Fielding introduced the concept of crime prevention by organizing citizen patrols or watchmen that not only
chased criminals for felony and misdemeanor but also served Fielding's purpose of preventing crime ahead of
time with their patrolling function. Fifty years later, English Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel formed the first
formal police department.

During the colonial period in the United States, immigrants from England, Ireland, and Scotland came to
American shores bringing with them this British approach to policing. At the time, law enforcement officers
had to deal with rampant crime in U.S. cities and had little time and resources left to deal with the protection
of private property. Hence, citizens who wanted protection for their private properties had to depend on the
armed immigrants who were prepared to deal with criminals. This watchman form of security was to become
the early version of private security practices that endure to this day (Fay, 2006)

Security in Philippine History

During the pre-colonial period in the Philippines, the sovereign monarchs called datu or lakan had servants
called aliping namamahay who acted as their watchman or protector.
The Spanish colonial government introduced the Guardia Civil in the Philippines in 1868 to serve as the police
force based on the Civil Guard of Spain. They performed patrol functions in cities and towns, organized
operations for the suppression of bandit groups, and imposed penalties for infringement of laws and local
ordinances.

The constable of the American colonial period in the Philippines became the forebear of the present national
police. During that time, a couple of constable officers were adequate to maintain the peace and order in the
town or sitio.

After World War II, the Indian national or the Bombay pioneered as the watchman who protected a specific
building or commercial establishment.

Today, private security has a major role in the preservation and protection of peace and order in the country.
It complements police efforts by providing additional security during emergency responses and public events
as well as safety precaution and protection of property and assets.

Security in the Present Time

History shows how public law enforcement and private security evolved from the same roots but eventually
took different directions. The police served the public's interest while the security force served private
interests. As crime became a bigger problem especially in urban areas, police departments who previously
looked down at private security are now beginning to see the benefits of building a partnership with them.
Now, police functions that did not involve enforcement, arrests or the use of force inside work spaces are
turned over to security. Traffic control around large commercial properties and patrol functions around
private neighbourhoods are also now often provided by security officers (Fay, 2006).

With the advent of terrorism in countries around the globe, it becomes more important to build a strong
partnership between the police who respond to terrorist acts and security officers who respond on the private
premises that they protect. This collaboration should also involve leaders and enforcers in other fields such as
firefighting, disaster management, emergency medical treatment and public health. This, of course, entails a
strong support and commitment from the national government

Fast-paced technology, especially in the field of computer and information technology is another issue
affecting the security industry. Although such technology has become very helpful in the security officer's
work, it also has the negative effect of replacing people.

Activity Number 2: Group Reporting

Criteria for grading:

Content/Ideas– 10
Organization/Expression- 5
Creativity of your output (Desgin)- 5
Total: 20 pts.