IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

RAY OPTICS
TOPIC- Refraction TOPIC-Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by
1. Identify the factor on which the angle of deviation Lenses
of the prism does not depend. 1. How many types of spherical refracting surfaces
a) The angle of incidence are there?
b) The material of the prism a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
c) The angle of reflection 2. Which among the following is a portion of a
d) The wavelength of light used transparent refracting medium bound by one
2. Calculate the refractive index of the material of an spherical surface and the other plane surface?
equilateral prism for which the angle of minimum a) Concave mirror b) Plane mirror
deviation is 60°. c) Lens d)Prism
a) 3√2 b) √3 c) 12 d) √12 3. X is thicker in the middle than at the edges,
3. Which of the following causes dispersion? whereas, Y is thicker at the edges than in the middle.
a) Refraction Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
b) Reflection a) X = concave lens; Y = convex lens
c) Total internal reflection b) X = convex lens; Y = concave lens
d) Total internal dispersion c) X = plane lens; Y = convex lens
4. What happens to the frequency and the d) X = concave lens; Y = plane lens
wavelength when light passes from a rarer to a 4. Sign conventions for spherical refracting surface
denser medium? are the same as those for spherical mirrors.
a) Wavelength remains unchanged but frequency a) True b) False
changes 5. Identify the Lens Maker’s Formula.
b) They are independent a) f=(μ-1)(1/R1–1/R2)
c) Wavelength and frequency changes b) 1/f=(μ-1)(1/R1–1/R2)
d) Wavelength changes but the frequency remain c) 1/f=(μ+1)(1/R1–1/R2)
unchanged d) 1/f=(μ-1)(1/R1+1/R2)
5. What is the relative refractive index of water with 6. According to the thin lens formula, which one of
respect to glass? the following is true regarding the focal length of the
a)Unity b) More than unity lens?
c) Less than unity d) Zero a) f is positive for concave lens
6. The refraction in a water tank makes apparent b) f is negative for convex lens
depth the same throughout. c) f is positive for a diverging lens
a) True b) False d) f is negative for concave lens
7. What will be the color of the sky in the absence of 7. What is the SI unit of power of a lens?
the atmosphere? a)Watts b) Unit less c) Diopter d) Joule
a) White b) Dark c) Blue d) Pink 8. The power of a convex lens is negative.
8. On what factor does the normal shift through a a) True b) False
refracting medium depend? 9. Calculate the focal length of a biconvex lens if the
a)The thickness of the refracting medium radii of its surfaces are 50 cm and 20 cm, and index
b) Angle of Prism of refraction of the lens glass = 1.2.
c) Angle of deviation a) 0.014 cm b) 0.715 cm c) 0.14 cm d) 71.5 cm
d) Convection 10. A lens has a focal length of 10 cm. Where the
9. A lens immersed in a transparent liquid is not object should be placed if the image is to be 40 cm in
visible. Under what condition can this happen? the positive direction from the lens?
a) Less refractive index b) Higher refractive index a)12 cm b) 40 cm c) 13 cm d) 0.075
c) Same refractive index d) Total internal reflection 11. Find the magnification of the lens if the focal
is zero length of the lens is 10 cm and the size of the image
10. What is the cause of the blue color of the ocean? is -30 cm.
a) Reflection a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
b) Scattering of light by water molecules 12. A lens has a power of +3 diopters in air. What
c) Total internal reflection will be the power of the lens if it is completely
d) Refraction

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IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

immersed in water? Given, μg = 32 and μw = 43. d) μ=⁡sin[A+δm/2]cos(A/2)

a) 5 D b) 3 D c) 1 D d) 3/4 D 3. Which of the following is Cauchy’s formula?
a) μ = A+B/λ2+C/λ4 b) μ=A+B/λ2+C/λ4
TOPIC-Total Internal Reflection c) μ=A+B+CB/λ d) μ=A+B/λ+C/λ2
1. What causes haloes (rings) around the sun or the 4. The Refractive index of a material of a prism is
moon? different for different colors.
a)Total internal reflection b) Refraction of light a) True b) False
c) Reflection of light d) Dispersion 5. What is the difference in a deviation between any
2. Why is the sequence of colors in the secondary two colors called?
rainbow reverse of that in the primary rainbow? a) Linear dispersion b) Angular dispersion
a)Refraction of light b) Two internal reflection c) Mean deviation d) Mean dispersion
c) Reflection of light d) Dispersion 8. The Refractive index and wavelength are directly
3. Which of the following is a necessary condition for proportional to each other.
total internal reflection? a) True b) False
a) The angle of incidence in the denser medium must 9. Calculate the dispersive power of crown glass
be greater than the critical angle for the two media where μV=1.456 and μR=1.414.
b) The angle of incidence in the rarer medium must a) 0.0096 b) 0.45 c) 0.96 d) 0.096
be greater than the critical angle for the two media 10. A thin prism with an angle of 3o and made from
c) The angle of incidence in the denser medium must glass of refractive index 1.15 is combined with
be lesser than the critical angle for the two media another prism made from glass and has a refractive
d) The angle of reflection in the denser medium index of 1.45. If the dispersion were to occur without
must be greater than the critical angle for the two deviation then what should be the angle of the
media second prism?
4. Which of the following color is the ocean? a) 3o b) 0o c) 1o d) 2o
a) Black b) Orange c) Blue d) Red
5. The secondary rainbow is brighter than the TOPIC- Optical Instruments
primary rainbow. 1. A boy uses spectacles of focal length -50 cm.
a) True b) False Name the defect of the vision he is suffering from.
6. ‘X’ is an optical illusion observed in deserts or over a)Astigmatism b) Hypermetropia
hot extended surfaces like a coal-tarred road, due to c) Myopia d) Presbyopia
which a traveler sees a shimmering pond of water 2. How much intensity of the image is increased if
some distance ahead of him and in which the the diameter of the objective of a telescope is
surrounding objects like trees appear inverted. doubled?
Identify X. a) Two times b) Four times
a) Mileage b) Mirage c) Eight times d) Sixteen times
c) Optical activity d) Total internal reflection 3. A fly is sitting on the objective of a telescope.
7. Identify the principle behind the sparkling of What will be its effect on the final image of the
diamonds. distant object?
a) Total internal reflection b) Refraction a) Reduces b) Increases
c) Reflection d) Optical activity c) Remains constant d) Indefinite
4. Two lenses of focal lengths 5 cm and 50 cm are to
TOPIC- Refraction through a Prism be used for making a telescope. Which lens will you
What is the angle between the incident ray and the use for the objective?
emergent ray in a prism called? a)Both b) Neither c) 5 cm d) 50 cm
a) Angle of deviation b) Angle of refraction 5. Which of the following is used to increase the
c) Angle of reflection d) Angle of dispersion range of a telescope?
2. Identify the prism formula from the following. a) Increasing the focal length
a) μ=⁡sin[A–δm/2]/sin(A/2) b) Decreasing the focal length
b)μ=⁡sin[A+δm/4]/sin(A/2) c) Increasing the diameter of the objective
c) μ=⁡sin[A+δm/2]/sin(/A2) d) Decreasing the diameter of the objective

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IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

6. The upper part of the bi-focal lens is a convex lens refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the time taken by
while its lower part is a concave lens. light to travel a distance of 10 cm in the glass.
a) True b) False a) 0.5 × 10-10 s b) 5 × 10-10 s
-10
7. ‘X’ can see objects in the ultra-violet light while c) 50 × 10 s d) 500 × 10-10 s
human beings cannot do so. Identify X. 8. The speed of yellow light in a certain liquid is 2.4 ×
a) Penguin b) Bees c) Ant d) Tiger 108 m/s. Find the refractive index of the liquid.
8. How does the magnifying power of a telescope a) 1.25 b) 5.55 c) 6.25 d) 12.25
change on increasing the diameter of its objective?
a) Independent b) Doubled TOPIC- Refraction and Reflection of Plane
c) Halved d) Becomes zero Waves Using Huygen’s Principle
9. What focal length should the reading spectacles The speed of the yellow light in a certain liquid is 2.4
have for a person for whom the least distance of × 108 m/s. Find the refractive index of the liquid.
distinct vision is 50 cm? a)6.25 b) 5.73 c) 1.25 d) 9.73
a) + 25 cm b) – 25 cm c) + 50 cm d) – 50 cm 2. The wavelength of light coming from a sodium
10. An object is to be seen through a simple source is 589 nm. What will be its wavelength in the
microscope of power 10 D. Where should the object water?
be placed to reduce maximum angular a)625 nm b) 443 nm c) 789 nm d) 125 nm
magnification? The least distance for distinct vision 3. A light wave enters from air into glass. How will
is 25 cm. the energy of the wave be affected?
a) + 7.1 cm b) – 7.1 cm c) + 25 cm d) – 25 cm a)Decreases b) Increases
c) Remains the same d) Independent
4. If a wave undergoes refraction, what will be the
phase change?
a)180o b) 270o c) 90o d) 0o
WAVE OPTICS
5. When a wave undergoes reflection at a denser
Topic – Huygen’s principle medium, what will be the phase change?
Which among the following isn’t a suitable a)2π radian b) 0 c) π radian d) 3π radian
phenomenon to establish that light is wave motion? 6. Two wave-fronts intersect each other.
a)Interference b) Diffraction a) True b) False
c) Reflection d) Polarization 7. A light wave enters from air into glass. How will
2. The optical path of monochromatic light is the the frequency of the wave be affected?
same if it travels 2 cm thickness of glass or 2.25 cm a) Increases b) Remains unchanged
thickness of water. If the refractive index of water is c) Decreases d) Insignificant
1.33, what is the refractive index of glass?
a) 2.5 b) 1.5 c) 3.5 d) 4.5 TOPIC- Coherent and Incoherent Addition of
3. Identify the condition which is not necessary for
Waves
two light waves to be coherent.
a) The two waves must be continuous 1. Which of the following is a form of light whose
b) The two waves should be of the same frequency photons share the same frequency and whose
or wavelength wavelengths are in phase with one another?
c) They should have a constant or zero phases a) Coherent sources b) Incoherent sources
difference c) Electromagnetic waves d) Sunlight
d) They two light sources should be narrow 2. Which among the following is an example of
4. The absolute refractive indices of glass and water coherent sources?
are 32 and 43. Determine the ratio of the speeds of a) Fluorescent tubes b) LED light
light in glass and water. c) LASER d) Tungsten filament lamps
a) 5:7 b) 9:8 c) 7:5 d) 8:9 3. Pick the odd one out.
5. The refractive index of glass is 1.5 and that of a LASER b) LED c) Sound waves d) Radio
water is 1.3, the speed of light in water is 2.25 × transmitters
108 m/s. What is the speed of light in glass? 4. Scattering of waves can be coherent and
a) 7.95 × 108 m/s b) 9.95 × 108 m/s incoherent.
8
c) 1.95 × 10 m/s d) 3.95 × 108 m/s a) True b) False
7. The speed of light in air is 3 × 108 m/s. If the

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IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

5. Identify the factor is not the same for coherent compared to the wavelength of light
waves. c) The size of the aperture must be comparable to
a) Frequency b) Phase difference constant the wavelength of light
c) Amplitude d) Wavelength in phase with each d) The size of the aperture should not be compared
other to the wavelength of light
2. What is the cause of diffraction?
TOPIC- Interference of Light Waves and a Interference of primary wavelets
Young’s Experiment b) Interference of secondary wavelets
c) Reflection of primary wavelets
In Young’s double-slit experiment with d) Reflection of secondary wavelets
monochromatic light, how is fringe width affected, if 3. What should be the order of the size of an
the screen is moved closer to the slits? obstacle or aperture for diffraction light?
a) Independent b) Remains the same a)Order of wavelength of light
c) Increases d) Decreases b) Order of wavelength of obstacle
2. In Young’s double-slit experiment, lights of green, c) Order in ranges of micrometer
yellow, and orange colors are successively used. d)Order in ranges of nanometer
Write the fringe widths for the three colors in 4. A small circular disc is placed in the path of light
increasing order. from a distant source. Identify the nature of the
a) βG < βY < βO b) βO < βY < βG fringe produced.
c) βO < βG < βY d) βY < βG < βO a)Dual b) Narrow c) Dark d) Bright
3. In Young’s double-slit experiment, the two parallel 5. Single slit diffraction is completely immersed in
slits are made one millimeter apart and a screen is water without changing any other parameter. How is
placed one meter away. What is the fringe the width of the central maximum affected?
separation when blue-green light of wavelength 500 a) Insignificant b) Increases
nm is used? c) Decreases d) Becomes zero
a)0.5 mm b) 50 mm 6. Diffraction is common in light waves.
c) 0.25 mm d) 25 mm a) True b) False
4. What would be the resultant intensity at a point 7. Determine the half angular width of the central
of destructive interference, if there are two identical maximum, if a wavelength of 1000 nm is observed
coherent waves of intensity I0 producing an when diffraction occurs from a single slit of 2 μm
interference pattern? width.
a)5 I0 b) 2 I0 c) I0 d) zero a)100o b) 30o c) 90o d) 150o
5. What happens to the interference pattern if the 8. What will be the linear width of the central
phase difference between the two sources varies maximum on a screen that is kept 5 m away from
continuously? the slit, if a light of wavelength 800 nm strikes a slit
a)Brightens b) No change of 5 mm width.
c) Disappears d) Monochromatic pattern a) 1.2 mm b) 5.6 mm c) 6.5 mm d) 9.7 mm
6. Two independent light sources act as coherent
sources’.
a) True b) False
7. What will be the effect on the fringes formed in NUMERICALS
Young’s double-slit experiment if the apparatus is 1. An object is placed at a certain distance
immersed in water? from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm.
a) Increases b) Decreases Find the distance of the object if the image
c) Remains the same d) Independent obtained is magnified 4 times.
2. Obtain the lens maker's formula for a lens
of refractive index n2 which is separating
TOPIC- Diffraction
two media of refractive indices ni and n3 on
1. State the essential condition for diffraction of
the left and right respectively.
light to occur.
3. A thin converging glass lens made of glass
a) The size of the aperture must be less when
with refractive index 1.5 has a power of +
compared to the wavelength of light
5.0 D. When this lens is immersed in a liquid
b) The size of the aperture must be more when
of refractive index n, it acts as a divergent

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IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
lens of focal length 100 cm. What must be
the value of n?
4. If the distance D between an object and
screen is greater than 4 times the focal
length of a convex lens, then there are two
positions of the lens for which images are
formed on the screen. This method is called
conjugate foci method. If d is the distance
between the two positions of the lens,
obtain the equation for focal length of the
convex lens.
Ans: ( f = [D2 −d2] / 4D )
5. Find the ratio of the intensities of lights
with wavelengths 500 nm and 300 nm
which undergo Rayleigh scattering.
6. Prove that when a reflecting surface of light
is tilted by an angle θ, the reflected light
will be tilted by an angle 2θ.
7. One type of transparent glass has refractive
index 1.5. What is the speed of light
through this glass?
8. A coin is at the bottom of a trough
containing three immiscible liquids of
refractive indices 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 poured
one above the other of heights 30 cm, 16
cm, and 20 cm respectively. What is the
apparent depth at which the coin appears
to be when seen from air medium outside?
In which medium the coin will be seen?
9. What is the radius of the illumination when
seen above from inside a swimming pool
from a depth of 10 m on a sunny day? What
is the total angle of view? [Given, refractive
index of water is 4/3]
10. A biconvex lens has radii of curvature 20 cm
and 15 cm each. The refractive index of the
material of the lens is 1.5. What is its focal
length? Will the focal length change if the
lens is flipped by the side?
11. An object of 5 mm height is placed at a
distance of 15 cm from a convex lens of
focal length 10 cm. A second lens of focal
length 5 cm is placed 40 cm from the first
lens and 55 cm from the object. Find (a) the
position of the final image, (b) its nature
and (c) its size.
12. A thin bicnvex lens is made up of a glass of
refractive index 1.5. The two surfaces have
equal radii of curvature of 30 cm each. One
of its surfaces is made reflecting by silvering
it from outside. (a) What is the focal length
and power of this silvered lens? (b) Where
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should an object be placed in front of this
lens so that the image is formed on the
object itself?
13. A monochromatic light is incident on an
equilateral prism at an angle 30º and
emerges at an angle of 75º. What is the
angle of deviation produced by the prism?
14. Light ray falls at normal incidence on the
first face of anequilateral prism and
emerges gracing the second face. What is
the angle of deviation? What is the
refractive index of the material of the
prism?
15. The angle of minimum deviation for a prism
is 37º. If the angle of prism is 60º, find the
refractive index of the material of the
prism.
WAVE OPTICS
1. Two light sources with amplitudes 5
units and 3 units respectively interfere
with each other. Calculate the ratio of
maximum and minimum intensities.
2. Two light sources have intensity of light
as I0. What is the resultant intensity at
a point where the two light waves have
a phase difference of π/3?
3. The wavelength of a light is 450 nm.
How much phase it will differ for a path
of 3 mm?
4. In Young’s double slit experiment, the
two slits are 0.15 mm apart. The light
source has a wavelength of 450 nm.
The screen is 2 m away from the slits.
(i) Find the distance of the second
bright fringe and also third dark fringe
from the central maximum.
(ii) Find the fringe width.
(iii) How will the fringe pattern change
if the screen is moved away from the
slits?
(iv) What will happen to the fringe
width if the whole setup is immersed in
water of refractive index 4/3.
5. Two lights of wavelengths 560 nm and
420 nm are used in Young’s double slit
experiment. Find the least distance
from the central fringe where the
bright fringe of the two wavelengths
coincides. Given D = 1 m and d = 3 mm.
6. Light of wavelength 500 nm passes
through a slit of 0.2 mm wide. The
IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
diffraction pattern is formed on a
screen 60 cm away. Determine the,
(i) angular spread of central maximum
(ii) the distance between the central
maximum and the second minimum.
7. Calculate the distance for which ray
optics is good approximation for an
aperture of 5 mm and wavelength 500
nm.
UNIT – SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
TOPIC- Classification of Metals, Conductors
and Semiconductors
1. The manifestation of the band structure in solids
is due to which of the following?
a) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
b) Pauli’s exclusion principle
c) Bohr’s correspondence principle
d) Boltzmann’s law
2. The energy band gap is maximum in which of the
following?
a)Metals b) Superconductors
c) Insulators d) Semiconductors
3. At absolute zero, Si acts as which of the following?
a) Non-metal b) Metal
c) Insulato d) Superconductor
4. A piece of copper and another of germanium are
cooled from room temperature to 77 K. what will
impact on the resistance of each of them?
a) Each of these decreases
b) Copper strip increases and that of germanium
decreases
c) Copper strip decreases and that of germanium
increases
d) Each of these increases
5. In semiconductors at room temperature, which of
the following is likely to happen?
a) The valence band is partially empty and the
conduction band is partially filled
b) The valence band is filled and the conduction
band is partially filled
c) The valence band is filled
d) The conduction band is empty
6. At absolute zero temperature, a semiconductor
acts as a conductor.
a) True b) False
7. Which of the following is true regarding
insulators?
a) The valence band is partially filled with electron
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b) The conduction band is partially filled with
electrons
c) The conduction band is filled with electrons and
valence band empty
d) The conduction band is empty and valence band is
filled with electrons
8. Crystalline solids are which of the following?
a)Anisotropic b) Isotropic
c) Amorphous d) Unipotential
9. Which of the following is an amorphous solid?
a) Glass b) Diamond c) Salt d) Sugar
10. At which temperature, a pure semiconductor
behaves slightly as a conductor?
a) Low temperature b) Room temperature
c) High temperature d) Supercritical
temperature
TOPIC- Intrinsic Semiconductor
1. An intrinsic semiconductor, at the absolute zero
temperature, behaves like which one of the
following?
a)Insulator b) Superconductor
c) n-type semiconductor d) p-type semiconductor
2. The probability of electrons to be found in the
conduction band of an intrinsic semiconductor at
finite temperature is which of the following?
a) Increases exponentially with the increasing
bandgap
b) Decreases exponentially with the increasing
bandgap
c) Decreases with increasing temperature
d) Is independent of the temperature and the
bandgap
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
a) The resistance of intrinsic semiconductor
decreases with the increase of temperature
b) Doping pure Si with trivalent impurities gives p-
type semiconductors
c) The majority carriers in n-type semiconductors are
holes
d) A p-n junction can act as a semiconductor diode
4. Holes are charge carriers in which one of the
following?
a)Intrinsic semiconductors b) Ionic solids
c) n-type semiconductors d) Metals
5. In semiconductors at a room temperature
correspond to which among the following?
a) The valence band is partially empty and the
conduction band is partially filled
b) The valence band is filled and the conduction
band is partially filled
c) The valence band is filled
d) The conduction band is empty
6. A semiconductor is damaged by a strong current
IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
because of a lack of free electrons.
a) True b) False
7. At absolute zero, Si acts as which of the following?
a)Non-metal b) Metal c) Insulator d) Capacitor
8. Choose the false statement from the following.
a) In conductors the valence and conduction band
overlap
b) Substances with an energy gap of the order of 10
eV are insulators
c) The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with
increase in temperature
d) The conductivity of a semiconductor increases
with increase in temperature
9. At which temperature, a pure semiconductor
behaves slightly as a conductor?
a)Low temperature b) Room temperature
c) High temperature d) Vacuum
10. In a pure semiconductor crystal, if current flows
due to breakage of crystal bonds, then what is the
semiconductor called?
a) Acceptor b) Donor
c) Intrinsic semiconductor d) Extrinsic
semiconductor
TOPIC- Extrinsic Semiconductor
1. On doping germanium metal, with a little amount
of indium, what does one get?
a)Intrinsic semiconductor b) Insulator
c) n-type semiconductor d) p-type semiconductor
2. In a pure semiconductor crystal, if current flows
due to breakage of crystal bonds, then what is the
semiconductor is called?
a)Acceptor b) Donor
c) Intrinsic semiconductor d) Extrinsic semiconductor
3. Which of the following, when added as an
impurity, into the silicon, produces n-type
semiconductor?
a)Phosphorous b) Aluminum
c) Magnesium d) Sulfur
4. In n-type semiconductors, which one is the
majority charge carriers?
a)Holes b) Protons c) Neutrons d) Electrons
5. A small impurity is added to germanium to get a p-
type semiconductor. Identify the impurity?
a)Bivalent substance b) Trivalent substance
c) Pentavalent substance d) Monovalent substance
6. Boron when added as an impurity, into the silicon,
produces n-type semiconductor.
a) True b) False
7. Identify the property which is not characteristic
for a semiconductor?
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a) At a very low temperature, it behaves like an
insulator
b) At higher temperatures, two types of charge
carriers will cause conductivity
c) The charge carriers are electrons and holes in the
valence band at higher temperatures
d) The semiconductor is electrically neutral
8. The n-type semiconductor is which of the
following?
a) Positively charged b) Negatively charged
c) Neutral d) Positive or negative
depending upon doping materials
9. The dominant contribution to current comes from
holes in case of which of the following?
a)Metals b) Intrinsic semiconductors
c) p-type extrinsic semiconductors d) n-type
extrinsic semiconductors
10. In a p-type semiconductor, germanium is doped
with which of the following?
a) Gallium b) Copper
c) Phosphorous d) Nitrogen
TOPIC- p-n Junction
1. What will happen when a p-n diode is reversed-
biased?
a) No current flows
b) The depletion region is increased
c) The depletion region is reduced
d) The height of the potential barrier is reduced
2. What will be the resistance measured by an
ohmmeter, if a p-n diode is reverse biased?
a)Zero b) Low c) High d) Infinite
3. Find out the application of the diode.
a)Oscillator b) Amplifier
c) Rectifier d) Modulator
7. What accounts for the flow of charge carriers in
forward and reverse biasing of silicon p-n diode?
a) Drift in forward bias and diffusion in forward bias
b) Drift in reverse bias and diffusion in forward bias
c) Drift in both reverse and forward bias
d) Diffusion in both forward and reverse bias
8. Which of the following accounts for the presence
of the potential barrier in the depletion layer?
a)Ions b) Holes c) Electrons d) Forbidden band
9. Which of the following is true in case of the
unbiased p-n junction?
a) The high potential at n-side and low potential at
p-side
b) The high potential at p-side and low potential at
n-side
c) p and n both are at the same potential
IMPORTANT MCQ AND NUMERICALS – OPTICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

d) Undetermined a)1 b) 5 c) 2 d) 4
10. What causes drift current in a p-n junction 3. What is the ripple factor for a half-wave rectifier?
diode? a)2.0 b) 1.21 c) 0.482 d) 0.877
a) Electric field b) Charge carriers density 4. The ripple frequency of a full-wave rectifier is
c) Collision of electrons d) Electric potential twice to that of a half-wave rectifier.
a) True b) False
TOPIC- Semiconductor Diode 7. An alternating voltage of 360 V, 50 Hz is applied to
1. Why is there a sudden increase in current in Zener a full-wave rectifier. The internal resistance of each
diode? diode is 100 W. If RL = 5 kW, then what is the peak
a) Due to the rupture of ionic bonds value of output current?
b) Due to rupture of covalent bonds a) 0.9 A b) 0.07 A c) 0.097 A d) 1.097 A
c) Due to viscosity 8. Find the value of output direct current if the peak
d) Due to potential difference value of output current is given as 0.095 A.
2. What is the semiconductor diode used as? a) 0.6 b) 0.060 c) 0.05 d) 6.06
a)Oscillator b) Amplifier 9. What is the rms value of output current if the
c) Rectifier d) Modulator peak value of output current is given as 0.092 A?
4. What is rectification? a) 0.65 A b) 6.5 A c) 0.45 A d) 0.065 A
a) Process of conversion of ac into dc 10. Calculate the value of peak reverse voltage
b) Process of conversion of low ac into high ac (P.I.V.) if the full-wave rectifier has an alternating
c) Process of conversion of dc into ac voltage of 300 V.
d) Process of conversion of low dc into high dc a) 849 V b) 800 V c) 750 V d) 870 V
5. Forward biasing of p-n junction offers infinite
resistance.
a) True b) False
7. When a junction diode is reverse biased, what
causes current across the junction?
a) Diffusion of charges b) Nature of material
c) Drift of charges d) Both drift and diffusion
of charges
8. Identify the condition for a transistor to act as an
amplifier.
a) The emitter-base junction is forward biased and
the base-collector junction is reverse biased
b) No bias voltage is required
c) Both junctions are forward biased
d) Both junctions are reverse biased
9. What can a p-n junction diode be used as?
a)Condenser b) Regulator
c) Amplifier d) Rectifier
10. What is a transistor made up of?
a) Chip b) Insulator
c) Semiconductor d) Metal

TOPIC- Application of Junction Diode as a

Rectifier
1. What is a rectifier used for?
a) Convert ac voltage to dc voltage
b) Convert dc voltage to ac voltage
c) Measure resistance
d) Measure current
2. How many main types of rectifiers are there?

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