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UNIT 2: Body Generators

Table of Contents

Introduction 3
Lesson 1: ATP: Keep you Moving! 4
Let’s Warm Up! 5
Learn about It! 6
Check Your Understanding 11
Block and Tackle! 11
Winning Moments 12
Lesson 2: Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises 13
Let’s Warm Up! 13
Learn about It! 14
Check Your Understanding 18
Block and Tackle 18
Lesson 3: Let’s Get Physical! 20
Let’s Warm Up! 20
Learn about It! 21
Check Your Understanding 28
Block and Tackle! 29
Winning Moments 30
Go the Distance! 31
Self-Check 33
Wrap Up 34
Bibliography 35
Answers to Check Your Understanding 36
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Glossary 37

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GRADE 11|Physical Education and Health

UNIT 2

Body Generators
“The physically literate individual demonstrates the knowledge and skills to achieve and maintain a
health-enhancing level of physical activity and fitness.” (SHAPE America, 2014)

To encourage the students in leaning an active and healthy lifestyle, it is important that they
are knowledgeable and skilled about the different physical activities and fitness practices.
Knowledge and skills may help the students to perform a variety of physical activities and
fitness plans for both inside and outside school.
Providing the learning opportunities for the proper, safe, and as well as the emotional body.
As teachers, we can also help the students navigate through their experiences in physical
education, both the positive and negative. This unit aims to tackle the concept of optimizing
energy systems, improving the engagement in physical activities thru safe and enjoyable
means that will lead them to be eventually physically active for a lifetime.

Fig. 1: Factors that help in boosting our body with optimized energy systems for improved performance.

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Figure 1 illustrates the factors which help our body achieve a lifetime of physical fitness, such
as performing varied exercises and movements and eating the right food. These also help
our bodies produce energy more efficiently making us more active.

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Learning Targets
In this unit, you should be able to
● explain how to optimize the energy systems for safe and improved performance;
● engage in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) for at least 60 minutes
most days of the week in a variety of settings in-and out -of school; and
● demonstrate proper etiquette and safety in the use of facilities and equipment.

Lesson 1: ATP: Keep you Moving!

You want to be active, but it seems you easily get tired. You
are curious to know how to generate more energy to be
part of the school’s varsity team. This lesson will discuss
how our body produces energy that enables us to perform
different daily activities, as well suggested activities that will
enhance our muscles for enhanced movement.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to


● explain the how the three energy systems can
produce Adenosine Trisphosphate Glycolysis that
enables movement; and
● enumerate physical activities that can improve the production of ATP.

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Let’s Warm Up!
Answer the crossword puzzle below. Let us see your familiarity with lesson 1.

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Learn about It!

Our body is like a car that requires chemical energy that


comes from fuel or gasoline to make it move. Energy is
needed to produce physical movements, maintain normal
body temperature, and a healthy metabolism. With this,
energy is constantly being consumed and transferred.

The two energy transfers that consume our energy are:

1. Basal Metabolic Rate

It is a transfer needed to maintain body temperature to keep us alive with no motion


required.

Figure 2 shows the involuntary functions such as breathing and the pumping of blood. From
there, you can determine how many calories you need to eat to gain muscle, lose fat, or
maintain your weight.
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2. Working Energy

The next transfer of energy is when we work or play. These are considered voluntary
movements. According to a study, “The more active we are, the more energy we transfer and
therefore the more “fuel” we need in food. The bigger, or more active a person is, the more
energy they will need, and vice versa”.

However, age, physical build, and


gender may be a factor on the
amount of energy needed by the
body. Figure 3, illustrates some of
the voluntary activities and their
rotations per minute or RPM.

What will happen to us after all our


energy has been consumed?
Similarly, like a car without fuel, we will not
function nor run properly.

But energy can be regenerated and replenished


by looking into our Adenosine triphosphate or
ATP. Besides what we eat, another source of
energy that can help us in our physical
movements is ATP. It is a compound in our body
that keeps everything functioning and, in a
biochemical sense, stores and uses our energy.

ATP is stored in our muscles but is limited. When a person moves more, ATP is used by the

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muscles. Figure 4, illustrates the idea that the more we movement, the more ATP is being
used by the body.

There are three energy systems that can produce ATP.


Anaerobic
Activities can be
(no oxygen Description and Process
performed
used)
1. ATP-PCr ● Movements last for about 5-15 Strength power movements
System seconds like;
● PCR or the Creatine Phosphate helps a. Swinging of golf club
produce more ATP b. Jumping
● Short, sustained power movements, c. Throwing
therefore, produces energy quickly, but
not for a long time.
(High power/Short Duration)
2. Glycolytic ● Movements at max effort for 1-2 Circuit Training
System or minutes ● 3 sets of 10 repetitions of
Lactic Acid ● Relies on the rapid break down of the any resistance exercise
System carbohydrates to its basic form, performed relatively
glucose. This glucose circulates in the slowly
blood and is then stored as glycogen in

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the muscles and liver. The broken ● 5 seconds per repetition
glycogen creates ATP through the with 2.5 minutes’ rest
process of glycosis. between sets.
● Produces energy quickly but does not ● 10 sprint repeats; with
last over a long period 30-second fast sprints,
and a 15-second recovery
between each sprint
Aerobic
(with oxygen)
Oxidative system ● Slow production of ATP and for a long Cardiovascular Activities
duration of time ● Running
● Considered to be the primary source ● Jogging
of ATP with rest and low intensity ● Biking
exercises. ● Walking
● ATP is produced when the Krebs cycle
and the electron transport chain
metabolize triglycerides (stored fat)
and carbohydrates.

After knowing the energy systems that help replenish the ATP, we should remem ber that
we still need to get enough fats in our diet to fuel longer durations of activities; and to help
improve our performance. Planning the best diet for you in connection with your daily
activities can further help you as a healthy person. But remember, these concepts may vary
depending on the physical ability and age of a person.

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Example:
This graph describes the three energy systems that are activated at the start of exercise. This
also indicates the intensity and duration of the exercise. The results determine the rate and
yield of ATP production.

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Check Your Understanding

A. What energy system is being described?


1. Produces energy quicker
2. Slow production of ATP
3. Relies on the rapid breakdown of carbohydrates

B. Give two examples of activities for each energy transfer.


Basal Metabollic
1.
2.
Working Energy
1.
2.

Block and Tackle!

Psychomotor Activity
Individual Activity: List examples of activities that you can perform in school or at home.
Leave it blank if it is not applicable to you. Consider only the frequency and time.
Friendly Reminders: Do NOT push yourself if you can NOT do it. Consider your health. Do
not forget to drink water and eat foods that are rich in carbohydrates.

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Specific Frequenc Describe how do feel
Time
Activities y after conducting this.
-feel tired
- exhausted
Example. 3 4 times a
ATP-PcR - I enjoyed it
high jump minutes week

Glycosis/ Lactic Acid


System

Oxidative System

Winning Moments

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Lesson 2: Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises

Do you sometimes interchange the terms aerobic with


anaerobic exercises? Which activity uses more energy,
aerobic or anaerobic exercise?

The most common exercise people know is aerobic


exercise, activities under this exercise are characterized as
low high or with exertion.

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to


● differentiate aerobic to anaerobic respiration; and
● enumerate the benefits of aerobic and anaerobic
exercises for our body.

Let’s Warm Up!

List aerobic and anaerobic activities and complete the table below.
Aerobics Anaerobics
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.

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Learn about It!

According to an article, “aerobic exercise stimulates the


heart rate and breathing rate to increase in a way that can
be sustained for the exercise session. On the other hand,
the word anaerobic, which means without oxygen, is a form
of exercise that causes you to be quickly out of breath.”

So what happens during aerobic exercises? Scientifically, the circulatory system carries
oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body. This oxygen is used to release the energy
from glucose in aerobic respiration. The working cells gain enough energy to do their work.
The rate at which oxygen is delivered to the cells depends on the rate at which the lungs can
absorb oxygen. This process also includes the rate at which the heart can deliver it.

Figure 1 illustrates how aerobic respiration is a release of energy from the breakdown of
glucose by combining it with oxygen inside the living cells.

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This process is a very efficient method of producing energy. One molecule of glucose can
provide twenty times as much energy as anaerobic respiration. Our normal day-to-day
activities account and use up to about 60% of our energy production.

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Figure 2: the summary equation of the anaerobic process.

Figure 3: The summary of oxygen debt process.

Anaerobic Respiration is the process of the quick release of a limited amount of energy from
the incomplete breakdown of glucose without the oxygen. Anaerobic respiration occurs when
the muscles are forced to work so hard that the lungs and bloodstream cannot deliver
enough oxygen to respire the available glucose aerobically.

On the other hand, the building up of lactic acid can cause acute fatigue, called oxygen debt.
When there is oxygen debt, a repaid must be done by performing continuous deep breathing
after exercise.

Compared to aerobic respiration, anaerobic is an inefficient process since it only produces


1/20 energy. However, anaerobic produces energy three times faster and so is used during
high intensity or explosive activities for short time.

The diagram below enumerates the benefits of the anaerobic respiration and exercise to our
body.

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Both aerobic and anaerobic exercises can improve health and fitness. Aside from physical
health, the emotional, and social well-being of a person can be improved as well if it is done
regularly.

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Check Your Understanding

A. Write AEROBIC or ANAEROBIC according to how it is described in each number.


_____1. A limited amount of energy that is quick
_____2. It stimulates the heart rate and breathing process
_____3. It releases energy from breaking down glucose

B. Write at least 2 benefits of aerobic and anaerobic exercises.

AEROBIC ANAEROBIC
1. 3.
2. 4.

Block and Tackle

Individual Task. Find your pulse!


Each student will do the following instructions, then complete the table below.
1. Place your index and middle fingers on your wrist or neck.
2. Hold fingers in place until you feel the steady beating of your pulse.
3. Count the beats for six seconds.
4. Multiply this count by ten to find the number of beats per minute.
5. Now jog on the spot for 7 minutes and take your pulse again.

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Number of Beat per Number of Beat per
Observation
second minute
Compare your resting pulse rate and your active
pulse rate.

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Lesson 3: Let’s Get Physical!
Exercise and other physical activities are essential for

promoting overall healthiness. The World Health Organization

(WHO) defines "health" as a state of complete physical, social,

and mental well-being. To reach this state, it's crucial that we

incorporate physical activity into our lives, always mindful of

our bodies, and adhering to safety guidelines and regulations

for a secure and effective experience.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to

● Compute for the target heart rate (THR) to determine correct activity intensity.

● Enumerate examples of aerobic and anaerobic exercises.

● Recognize the role of physical activity assessments in managing one's stress.

Let’s Warm Up!

Fact or Fiction?
There are various myths and fallacies surrounding exercise and fitness. It is important that
students can identify valid claims. A sound understanding of how the body responds to
exercise and training is going to help the students weed out fact from fiction. Check out the
following statements and decide whether it is a fact or a fiction of fitness.

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1. It is best to exercise in the morning because it helps burn more calories.
2. Running a kilometer and walking a kilometer will burn the same amount of
calories.
3. Performing 1,000 crunches a day will trim fat in the belly.
4. Free weights are better than exercise machines in increasing muscle strength.
5. Performing static stretching before jumping decreases vertical jump height.

Learn about It!

According to the Philippine National Guidelines on Physical


Activity, adolescents should engage in a total of 60 minutes of
moderate to vigorous physical activities every day. An exercise
performed at moderate to vigorous intensity will elevate the
heart rate and breathing significantly. A higher heart rate
implies that the activity is more intense. One of the best ways
to set the correct intensity of an exercise is by computing the
target heart rate (THR).

The target heart rate (THR) is computed based on the maximal heart rate (MHR) and the
resting heart rate. The MHR is the highest number of heart beats per minute observed during
a strenuous and exhaustive physical activity. (Refer to table 1)

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Purpose Direction
● The best time to check is when you
wake up in the morning.
Resting Heart ● Locate your radial, temporal, femoral,
Rate ● To set the base or standard for (groin), or carotid artery with your
( RHR) evaluation purposes. index and middle finger.
● Take the rate within 15 seconds and
multiply this by 4 to complete the
1-minute requirement. Record this.
● Determine the highest rate ● Subtract your age from 220.
Maximum Heart
your heart is capable of Example” If you are 16 years old, your
Rate
attaining maximum heart rate is (220-16) = 204
( MHR)
bpm
● Determine your aerobic
● Get the maximum heart rate. Multiply
Target Heart intensity according to a
it by 60% (0. 60) to get the lower limit.
Rate straight percentage of your
Multiply by 90% (0.90) to get the upper
(THR) maximum heart rate, usually
limit.
within 60 to 90%

The resting heart rate is the number of heart beats per minute commonly measured lying
down or right after waking up. It is estimated that by counting the pulse at the wrist, heart,
head, or neck for 10 or 15 seconds and multiplying it by six (or four). This formula is called
KARVONEN.

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The table below summarizes the process of getting the target heart rates.

MHR Method HRR Method


THR = MHR x THR = (MHR – RHR) x
Desired Range Desired Range + RHR

Table 1: Summary of the MHR and HRR Method

Aside from considering the THR per individual, the next thing to look at is the duration and
frequency of the exercise especially when it comes to aerobic exercises.

Based on the Physical Activity Pyramid for Filipinos, it recommends aerobic exercises
between three to five times every week for 30 to 45 minutes. But for adolescents, the
guidelines recommend a 40-minute moderated intensity and structured activity, with a
20-minute vigorous high-impact play.
In other words, Filipino adolescents should spend at least one hour of moderate to vigorous
exercise or physical activity every day. These recommendations serve as guidelines in
designing an aerobic exercise program.

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Examples of Aerobic and Anaerobic Activities

Aerobic Exercises

Dancing Jogging

Skating
Swimming

Rowing Racket Sports

Brisk Walking

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Anaerobic Exercises

Tennis
Bowling

Sprinting

Hiking

Weight Lifting
Curl-ups

Push-ups
Sit-ups

Aside from these recommendations, it is also important to consider the person’s current
fitness level and the intensity of the aerobic exercise to be performed. We can also take note
of these reminders:
Avoid “One Hour” - For beginners, it is not good to spend a one-hour vigorous intensity
aerobic exercise. A better option would be to alternate the workout for recovery purposes
and to prevent overuse injuries.

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BUT if you are a trained athlete, you can exercise for 5 to 6 times every week because your body
can tolerate the workload without getting injured.
Stress Management Through Physical Activity
In addition to considering the person's current fitness level and the intensity of the aerobic
exercise to be performed, it's crucial to recognize the broader benefits of physical activity
assessments in managing stress. Regular physical activity, when tailored to your individual
needs and preferences, can be a powerful tool for stress management. Now, let's delve deeper
into how physical activity can positively impact your overall well-being, addressing not only
your physical health but also your social and mental aspects of health, as defined by the
WHO.

We all experience stress in our lives, especially as students. It can come from schoolwork,
exams, relationships, and other responsibilities. Stress can affect our physical health, our
emotions, and even how we interact with others. That's where physical activity comes into
play as a powerful tool to help us manage stress.

How Physical Activity Helps Alleviate Stress?


When we engage in physical activities like jogging, dancing, or playing sports, our bodies
release chemicals called endorphins. These endorphins act as natural mood lifters, helping
us feel happier and less stressed. Physical activity also helps reduce the levels of stress
hormones in our bodies, such as cortisol.

Now, you might wonder, "How do I make sure my physical activity is helping me manage
stress effectively?" This is where physical activity assessments become crucial.

Remember when we talked about the target heart rate (THR)? This is a valuable tool because
it helps us determine the right intensity for our exercise. When we exercise within our THR,
we're hitting that sweet spot where our bodies benefit the most. Not too easy, but not too
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hard either.

By evaluating your target heart rate and exercise intensity, you can customize your exercise
routines to address your stress management requirements. For instance, when faced with
elevated stress levels, opting for higher-intensity workouts can promote increased endorphin
release. On days when fatigue is prevalent, choosing milder exercises within your target
heart rate zone can effectively reduce stress without risking excessive strain. Your decision
between vigorous and gentle exercise should be based on individual factors such as your energy
levels and personal preferences. It's worth noting that both types of exercise can play a role in
stress reduction and contribute to overall well-being.
The Profound Impact on Well-being
Now, here's the exciting part: When you incorporate physical activity into your routine, it's not
just about making your muscles stronger or improving your cardiovascular health. It's about
taking care of your overall well-being. Physical activity addresses not only your physical health
but also your social and mental well-being, as defined by the World Health Organization
(WHO).
Physical Health: Regular physical activity helps you maintain a healthy body weight,
strengthens your immune system, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.
Social Well-being: Participating in group activities like team sports or fitness classes can
foster friendships and a sense of belonging, which is essential for your social health.
Mental Health: As mentioned earlier, physical activity triggers the release of
endorphins, which can reduce feelings of anxiety and depression. It also gives you a
break from the stresses of daily life and allows you to clear your mind.

So, when you engage in physical activity with awareness and purpose, you're not just exercising
your body; you're nurturing your mind and your relationships with others. It's a holistic
approach to health that can make a significant difference in how you manage stress and
how you feel overall. These skills and habits will serve you well throughout your lives.

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Check Your Understanding

A. Write the word being characterized by the following statement.


______1. The higher the heart rate the more _______ the activity is.
______2. One of the best ways to correct intensity is known as _________.
______3. This is used to determine the highest capable rate that your heart can attain.
______4. By assessing your target heart rate and exercise intensity, you can tailor your
workouts to effectively manage ______ levels.

B. Compute for your Target Heart Rate using the KARVONEN Formula.
(2 points per each process)

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Block and Tackle!

Psychomotor Activity
Individual Task: Daily Physical Activity Log

Prepare an activity log for each day of the week. The activities listed on the table are
performed from the time you wake up to the time you go to sleep. Record the number of
minutes or hours spent sitting down, standing, walking leisurely, and exercising or playing in
moderate to vigorous intensity. Compute the estimated total energy expenditure from
physical activities using the formula below.

Time Spent/Calories Burned on Physical Activities

Activity Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun


Sitting
Standing
Walking
Moderate Activity
Vigorous Activity

Estimated Kilocalories Per Minute


Sitting: Calories burned = 0.0175 x Weight in Kilograms
Standing: Calories burned = 0.0210 x Weight in Kilograms
Walking Leisurely: Calories burned = 0.0525 x Weight in Kilograms Moderate Intensity
Exercise: Calories burned = 0.1400 x Weight in Kilograms
Vigorous Intensity Exercise: Calories burned = 0.2100 x Weight in Kilograms

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Evaluate your current activity patterns and the estimated calories spent on various physical
activities. Identify the days that you are most active by checking the number of calories
burned. Write some goals that can increase the total calories burned each day by at least
10%.
Average Daily Expenditure
Average Estimated
Activity Goals
Duration Calories
Sitting
Standing
Walking
Moderate Activity
Vigorous Activity
Total
Criteria:
Content- 5 points
Completeness- 5 points
Punctuality- 2 points
Neatness and Organization- 3 points

Winning Moments

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Go the Distance!
Goal:
● The goal (within the scenario) is to create an instructional Zumba Video including the
warm up and cooling down.

Role:
● You are Zumba Instructor/s which aims to promote Zumba as enjoy aerobics exercise.

Audience:
● The target audience is a group of adolescents ages 16-18.

Situation:
● You need to make them participative and promote aerobics exercise through dancing.

Product/Performance and Purpose:


● You need to create an instructional Zumba video with warm up and cooling down.

Standards & Criteria for Success:


1. Your Zumba Video should;
● Limited to only 10-15 minutes.
● Exercises or steps should be moderately intense.
● Filipino Language should be used for explanation except if the words have no
Filipino equivalent.
● Consider clear audio and good resolution of images/ video.

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Rubric: Zumba Instructional Video

Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score


(17-20 points)
(0-12 points) (13-16 points)

Concept
(target ideas they try to
achieve)

Organization
(Logical progression of
details/events; clear
transitions between ideas.

Content
(clear statement of
purpose or theme and is
creative)

Quality
(completeness and all
required standards)

Teamwork
(students’ participation)

Timeliness
(punctuality)

Total Score:

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Self-Check
Put check (/) on the column before each objective that you can explain and you understand.

Check I can…

Explain the how the three energy systems can produce Adenosine
Trisphosphate Glycolysis that makes movement

Enumerate physical activities that can improved producing ATP.

Differentiate aerobics to anaerobic respiration, and

Enumerates the befits of aerobics and anaerobic exercises to our body

Compute for the target heart rate for correct activity intensity

Enumerate examples of aerobic and anaerobic exercises.

Reflect

I find __________________________ the most interesting because ______________________.


I got ____ checks because _______________________________________________________.
I need to improve on _______________________because _____________________________.
I need to practice _________________________ because _____________________________.
I plan to _____________________________________________________________________ .

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Wrap Up

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Bibliography
Boyd, Lori. 2010. Made Man. September 28. Accessed February 24, 2018.
http://www.mademan.com/mm/10-most-famous-filipino-athletes.html.

Callo, Camiling, Yap, Cagulang, Doria, Deveraturada, Grecia. 2015. Physical Education and
Health 10. Department of Education.

Kelso, Tom. n.d. Breaking Muscle. Accessed February 24, 2018.


https://breakingmuscle.com/fitness/understanding-energy-systems-atp-pc-glycolytic-and-oxi
dative-oh-my.

Staff, Mayo Clinic. 1998. Mayo Clinic. Accessed February 25, 2018.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/overuse-injury/art-20045875.

Stephen A. Mitchell, Phd, Jennifer L. Walton-Fisette, EdD. 2016. The Essential of Teaching
Physical Education (Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment). United Sattes of America: SHAPE
America-Society of Health and Physical Education.

Townsend, Charles. 2002. The Essentials of GCSE Physical Education. Lancashire: Lonsdale A
Division of Huveaux.

Unknown. 2011. tsfx The School for Excellence. Accessed February 25, 2018.
www.tsfx.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/vic-sample-notes-phys-ed.pdf.

Unknown. n.d. John Hopkins Medicine. Accessed February 26, 2018.


https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/vital_sign
s_body_temperature_pulse_rate_respiration_rate_blood_pressure_85,p00866.

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Answers to Check Your Understanding
Lesson 1: ATP: Keep you Moving!
1. ATP-Pcr
2. Oxidative Energy System
3. Lactic Acid system

Lesson 2: Aerobic and Anaerobic Activities


Part A
1. Anaerobic
2. Aerobic
3. anaerobic
Part B
AEROBIC ANAEROBIC
1. improves blood circulation 3.muscular strength
2. good for cardiovascular system 4. endurance and burn fats easily

Lesson 3: Let’s Get physical!


1. Intense
2. Target Heart Rate
3. Maximum Heart Rate
4. stress

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Glossary
Weight management- is a long-term approach to a healthy lifestyle. It includes a balance of
healthy eating and physical exercise to equate energy expenditure and energy intake.

Overused injury- An overuse injury is any type of muscle or joint injury, such as tendinitis
or a stress fracture, that's caused by repetitive trauma.

Pulse rate- is the number of times your heart beats per minute.

Glucose- a type of sugar that is found in plants and fruits

Lactic Acid- a chemical produced by the body in your muscles during exercise.

Vigorous- done with great force and energy

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