MATHEMATICS 1

6.10.2023

? - denotes harder problems for interested students; we won’t solve them

during tutorials, interested students can present their solutions by themselves
RL - problem due to Rafal Lochowski

1. Compute limits of the following sequences:

2 n n 1 n
(a) an = 1 + 100·n ; (b) bn = 1 n1 ; (c?) cn = 1 + n2 ; (d)
2 ⇣ ⌘3n
3 (n ) n ( n2 )
dn = 1 n 2 ; (e) e n = n+2 ; (f?) fn = 1 n3 .

2. Compute limits of the following sequences:

1 n n n
(a) an = 1 n ; (b)jn = 1 + n2 ; (c) hn = 1 + n4 ; (d) dn =
⇣ ⌘n ⇣ ⌘n ⇣ ⌘2n+1
n+5 n 3n+1 n n 1
n ; (e) e n = 3n+4 ; (f) f n = n+1 ; (g) g n = n+3 ;
⇣ ⌘3n
n n+3
(h) hn = 1 n3 ; (i) in 1 n4 ; (j) jn = 1 + n+2 1
; (k) kn =
⇣ 2 ⌘ n2
n +6 2n+1 n
n2 . (l?) ln = 1 + 21n ; (m?) mn = 1 n12 ; (o?) on =
⇣ 2 ⌘ n2 ⇣ 2 ⌘3n2 +4n 7
2n+1
1 n12 ; (p?) pn = 2n n +2
2 +1 ; (r?) r n = n +3n+1
n2 +5n 1 .

3. (RL) Evaluate the limit if it exists:

p
x2 9 x2 9 x2 + x 6 x+6 3
(a) lim ; (b) lim ; (c) lim ; (d) lim ;
x!3 x 3 x! 3 x + 3 x!2 x 2 x!3 x 3
1
p
1 t4 + 1 100 + h 10
(e) lim ; (f) lim t ; (g) lim .
t!1 1 t3 t! 1 t + 1 h!0 h
4. (RL) Determine the infinite limit:
p
2 x 2 x ex x+6
(a) lim+ ; (b) lim 2; (c) lim ; (d) lim .
x!3 x 3 x!3 (x 3) x!5 x 5 x!3 |x 3|

5. (RL) Find the limit if it exists. If the limit does not exists, explain why.
2x + 12 2x 1 2 |x|
(a) lim (2x + |x 3|); (b) lim ; (c) lim ; (d) lim ;
x!3 x! 6 |x + 6| x!0.5 |2x3 2
x | x! 2 2 + x
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
1 1 1 1
(e) lim ; (f) lim+ .
t!0 t |t| t!0 t |t|
6. (RL) Find the limit (finite or infinite) if it exists. If the limit does not
exists, explain why.
2x 1
(a) lim (x + |x 3|); (a’) lim (x + |x 3|); (b) lim ; (b’)
x!+1 x! 1 x!+1 |2x3 x2 |
2x 1 2x + 12
lim ; (c) lim cos x; (c’) lim cos x; (d) lim ;
x! 1 |2x3 x2 | x! 1 x!+1 x! 1 |x + 7|
2x + 12 sin x sin x 2 |x|
(d’) lim ; (e) lim ; (e’) lim ; (f) lim ;
x!+1 |x + 7| x! 1 x + 6 x!+1 x + 6 x! 1 2 + x
2 |x|
(f’) lim .
x!+1 2 + x

1
 or) or
A

son)
* *
(a) an= (1+n) =
(1+ =
Let 500

=It onl I =
5On
-

est

(b) b =

(1 -

)r =

(1 +

) 2))
-

=
x +
)
n(-1)
1)
-

=(1 +

x
[1 2) 4)(
etk
-

1
-

= =

3) -
) ) a) Es
-

(d) d = (1 -
=

(1+ =

(1 +
-

34 s

(e) en =

(12) =
(1 -

2) = (1+

[
3 ei
=
) =
e 1
--
es
 2)" i)
2
(b> in =

(1 +
z)m =
(1 +
=

(1 + =

x)hp (1 +

2) x1
1)" (1
4) 4 e
=
= =
= +
+

5
(a) dn ( ** ) (1 =) (1
5)5 es
-

=
= + =
+
=

e) en=
(s) =

-4)"= (1 =

(H)
=
2 =

-
ex
() +n =

( = 1)" =

(H) =

( 4) -+ =
=

t
+ 2n+ 1 en+ 1
(2
(9) gn ( (1 3) =(1 -

inte
=

= -

=(1
+
a) - =
e-8 =

Es
 n (2)
(1 +
In)" 1)
.

2)
1
h)hn (1 =
-
=

= (1 +
e3 =-
e3
In
=

i)
n 3
. e4
(1 4) 4)
-

m
+

in = - =

(1 + =

) +2)
n
es
+

i) in
=

(1 +

=
(1+ =

(3) ener-
k) kn =

S
 +
a)him e 3) =
(n(n
+

= x -
3

him (n-3) -
b) =

a g
=

-Lim muth)=
-s
-) tim -
(im (n+3) =
a -
2 u - 2 n +
2 x + 2

3=

manain
I
-
d) L

a
lim
x + 3 n -
3

-) Sin It =
! =
, I = - 1

93 in -10-in(o)= -morento o
a) it is
im (x 3) >0

I
-

=
+
x +
3 -
*

eim(a-u)=-1zo
n +

3+

b) lin ae
lim (n-3)2
3
>0
n +
3 ->
in En e

1
lim (2-x) =-
x 3
-

= (i) =+

lim eP<0

3 -
-

n -
75 -

lim (a-5) so

n
-

5-
 =
can I
e

+6
bi
3

3
=

+
=
:

line ( -

31 <0
n +

3+

#
is
lim V+6=
3

lim
3+

In 31
- > 0
I=
x +
3 -
a) lim
n
+

3
(2n+/n-31)
lim (2n +

/n -31) = (2x +

(x 3))
-

=
6
n -3+

lim
-
(2n+1n-31) =

(2n -

(n -

3) =
6
x+ 3

b)
En s
mst =
let =
2

4
670 ->
does not
x7 -

6 n +

exit
-

n
lim
+ -
6- :
↑
n - 6 - x +
60
ential
Futis eene
=lim

1- 22

Autom want
-lim e

2-lu)
al) lim n -
-
2 =
x <0
n
-
-
22 +
R

im =In e e
e

- (I- )= E +

1) -

E =
-

# (E- ) (F-I) 10 0
*
=
=
a) lim (n+( -31) =
/im (u +
x -

3) Ex (20-3)
=

+e

+ x
x n 3 Y
+
+
-

(n 31) (im(x 3) 3
a) (4 +
-
= -
x + =

x- x
-

-1

Is
2x Ca-1
↳ ne =him
el e
-

223-nt neto neca-1)

-lim =
Of
r
a+
+
e

24-1 2x-1
b') lim -
lim 22-1= him

n +
- -

x 1223-221 x+ x -

ar-2x3 x+ x
-
- x(-1- En)

=lim O-
-
r
new &

I
lime
2) Cost

W
+ -
x
n

an
 an
=
2n+ + +Y

+(un) = cos (2n+) =

1 +

1
-> does not exit
Crit + D
+n + +

+(Yn) = cost (2nπ +

2) =
0 +
0

e
n

e)him
-
1 I sinc <I

it's s
↓
↓int -
-

#lim =lim the te

a

He = we =

d)
In *
 94(4+ 1) (*
/im in
n +

D
--

3421+ a)
-

n
lim
+
x
-

1 +
1
3R

I
1

e) lim (ant-n)
x
+

D = (a)
-(x)
=
0
+

9) limest= lim
n +

Y
st
ee
-limitat
a
+

i
t
-

him
 7. Compute the following limits:
(a) lim (2x 7); (b) lim (3 + 2x3 ); (c) lim (1 x2 ); (d) lim (5 x7 );
x!4 x!1 x! 1 x!1
2x 1 1 p
x
(e) lim ; (f) lim (3 + 1); (g) lim+ p ; (h) lim+ ; (i) lim x2 9.
x!1 x + 1 x!1 x!0 x x!2 x 2 x! 3

8. Compute the following limits:

x2 + 4 x2 1 4x2 1 27 x3
(a) lim ; (b) lim ; (c) lim 1 ; (d) lim ; (e)
x!2 x + 2 x!2 x 2 x! 2 2x + 1 x!3 x 3
p p
3x2 + 5x 2 x2 + 1 x+1 x2 5x + 4
lim ; (f) lim p ; (g) lim ; (h)
x! 2 4x2 + 9x + 2 x!0 1 x+1 x!1 x(x 5)
p
p 2x + 3x 1 + x2
lim ( x2 + 1 x); (i) lim x ; (j) lim p .
x!1 x!1 3 + 1 x!1 3
1 x3
9. Compute the following limits:
sin 3x tan 5x sin 6x cos x
(a) lim ; (b) lim ; (c) lim ; (d*) lim⇡ ; (e)
x!0 4x x!0 7x x!0 tan 5x x! 2 ⇡ 2x
5x 1 1 e2x
lim ; (f) lim .
x!0 x x!0 tan x

10. (*) Justify that the following limits do not exist:

1 1 1 p
(a) lim 3 ; (b) lim+ sin ; (c) lim cos (x2 ); (d) lim 1 ; (e) lim [ x];
x!0 x x!0 x x!1 x!0 1 + e x x!4
x p 1 1 2[x]
(f) lim 2
; (g) lim sin x; (h) lim ; (i) lim cos 2 ; (j) lim x ;
x!2 4 x x!1 x!⇡ sin x x!0 x x!1 2
(k) lim ex (1 + sin x).
x!1

11. (*) Justify the following equalities (try to use the squeeze theorem for
functions):
✓ ◆
1 x2 + sin x [x]
(a) lim x sin = 0; (b) lim 2 = 1; (c) lim = 1; (d)
x!0 x x!1 x cos x x!1 x+1
ln (2x + 1)
lim = log3 2; (e) lim (x 2)2 [x] = 0; (f) lim (2 sin x x) =
x!1 ln (3x + 1) x!2 x!1
1 p 1 2 + sin x
1; (g) lim p = 1; (h) lim x cos 2 = 0; (i) lim =
x!0 x 2 x x!0 x x!1
 x2
2 [3ex ] + 2 3 1
0; (j) lim ex+sin x = 0; (k) lim = ; (l) lim x3 = 0; (m)
x! 1 x!1 [2ex ] + 1 2 x!0 x
1
lim (x2 sin x) = 1; (n) lim+ = 1; (o) lim 2x (2 + cos x) =
x!1 x!0 2x sin x x!1
1.

12. (RL) Find all asymptotes and sketch the grapf of a function f .
3 2
(a) f (x) = x2x+1 ; (b) f (x) = x x+1
3 ; (c) f (x) = (x + |x 3|); (d*) f (x) =
|2x2 1| p p
|2x 1| ; (e) f (x) = x2 + 4x; (f) f (x) = x2 + 4.

13. Determine asymptotes of the following functions:

3
sin x
(a) a(x) = ; (b) b(x) = xx 11 ; (c) c(x) = 1 1x2 ; (d) d(x) = e x sin x+x;
px
1+x2 x3 1 1 x2
(e) e(x) = x ; (f) f (x) = (x+1) 2 ; (g) g(x) = ex 1 ; (h) h(x) = x+1 .

2
14. (RL) Explain why the function f is discontinuous at the given number a.
Sketch the graph of the function.
(
1
1 if x 6= 2,
(a) f (x) = x+2 , a = 2; (b) f (x) = x+2 a = 2; (c)
1 if x = 2,
8
( >
ex if x < 0, <cos x if x < 0,
f (x) = a = 0; (d) f (x) = 0 if x = 0, a = 0
x2 if x 0, >
: 2
1 x if x > 0,

15. (RL) How would you ”remove the discontinuity of f ”, in other words, how
would you define f (2) in order to make f continuous on R.
8
> x 2
p 3
<e if x < 2,
x+2 2 x 8
(a) f (x) = x 2 ; (b) f (x) = x4 16 ; (c) f (x) = 2 if x = 2 ; (d)
>
:
x 1 if x > 2
8
>
<cos (x 2) if x < 2,
f (x) = 0 if x = 2, .
>
: 2
x x 1 if x > 2.

16. (RL) For what values of x is f continuous?

( (
0 if x is rational, 0 if x is rational,
(a) f (x) = (b) f (x) = (c*)
2 if x is irrational, x if x is irrational,
(p
2 if x is rational,
f (x) =
x if x is irrational.

17. Verify the continuity of the following functions:

8
( > 1/x
x2 2, if x  0 <e , if x < 0
(a) a(x) = ; (b) b(x) = ln (x + 1), if x 2 (0, e2 1) ;
2x + 1, if x > 0 >
: 2
x 1, if x e2 1
8
>
<cos x + 1, if x  1
(c) c(x) = x + 2, if x 2 ( 1, 1) .
>
: x 1
2 + 2, if x 1