NEET

Prachand NEET (2024)

Botany
Revision Practice Sheet
Plant Growth and Development

Q1 Heterophyllous development due to

environment is an example of:
(A) Development
(B) Differentiation
(C) Convergence
(D) Plasticity

Q2 What is not true about arithmetic growth

pattern. (A) IAA (B) GA

(A) In arithmetic growth only one daughter cell (C) ABA (D) Florigen

continues to divide. Q5 What was shown by the experiments done by

(B) In arithmetic growth both daughter cells Charles Darwin and his son on plant
continue to divide. phototropism?
(C) Out of the two cells, one differentiates and
(A) Auxin is produced in the tip of the coleoptile.
matures.
(B) The tip of the coleoptile is the light receptor
(D) A root elongating at a constant rate exhibit of the plant.
arithmetic growth.
(C) Within coleoptiles, auxin moves laterally
Q3 A farmer while growing grape plants in his away from the source of the light.
garden, observes the following: (D) More cell elongation takes place on the

(i) Fruit size normally remained small. shaded side of the plant.

(ii) Natural seed abortion. Q6 Exponential growth of plants is expressed with

(iii) Reduced stem and leaf growth. equation
Which problems could be solved by application
(A) L1 = L + rt (B) W1 = W + e
rt

of gibberellic acid during the development of

(C) W1 = W0 e
rt
(D) Lt = L 0 − rt
fruits?
(A) (i) and (ii) Q7 Which of the following is an example of
(B) (i) and (iii) differentiation?
(C) (i), (ii) and (iii) (A) Lignocellulosic wall thickenings of tracheids
(D) None of these (B) Loss of nucleus, vacuolisation and end wall
perforations in sieve tube elements
Q4 The hormone responsible for the given
(C) Elongation, thickening and emptying of
phenomenon is
sclerenchyma fibres
(D) All of the above

Q8 The factors which govern and control the

developmental processes are-
(A) Extrinsic (B) Intrinsic

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(C) Both 1 and 2 (D) None of these Q15 What is true about dedifferentiated cells?
(A) They have this capacity to divide from their
Q9 Which one is paired incorrectly?
origin
(A) Auxin - Isolated from human urine
(B) They don't have capacity to divide
(B) Zeatin - Isolated from corn kernels and
(C) They have regained the capacity of division
coconut milk
(D) None of these
(C) Gibberellins - Isolated from fungus
Gibberella fujikuroi Q16 In which phase, cells show increased
(D) Abscisic acid - Isolated from ripened vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall
oranges deposition in a root cell?
(A) Phase of maturation
Q10 If a fully ripen fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits,
(B) Phase of elongation
the unripe fruits will
(C) Phase of meristematic activity
(A) Also be rotten
(D) All of the above
(B) Ripe quickly
(C) Remain unchanged Q17 ABA acts antagonistically to
(D) None of these (A) Ethylene
(B) Cytokinin
Q11 Coconut water contains
(C) Gibberellic acid
(A) ABA (B) Auxin
(D) IAA
(C) Cytokinin (D) Gibberellin
Q18 The term synergistic action of hormones refers
Q12 It takes very long time for pineapple plants to
to
produce flowers. Which combination of
(A) When two hormones act together but bring
hormones can be applied to artificially induce
about opposite effects.
flowering in pineapple plants throughout the
(B) When two hormones act together and
year to increase yield?
contribute to the same function.
(A) Cytokinin and Abscisic acid
(C) When one hormone affects more than one
(B) Auxin and Ethylene
function.
(C) Gibberellin and Cytokinin
(D) When many hormones bring about any one
(D) Gibberellin and Abscisic acid
function.
Q13 Apples are generally wrapped in waxed paper
Q19 Heterophylly can be observed in-
to
(A) Cannabis (B) Coriander
(A) Prevent sunlight for changing its colour
(C) Mustard (D) All of these
(B) Prevent aerobic respiration by checking the
entry of O2 Q20 Mobilisation of stored food in germinating
(C) Prevent ethylene formation due to injury seeds is triggered by
(D) Make the apples look attractive. (A) auxins (B) cytokinins
(C) gibberellins (D) ethylene
Q14 Dwarfness can be controlled by treating the
plant with Q21 Assertion (A): Auxins help to prevent fruits and
(A) Cytokinin leaves drop at early stages.
(B) Gibberellic acid Reason (R): Auxins promote the abscission of
(C) Auxin older mature leaves and fruits.
(D) Anti-gibberellin. (A)

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Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true (C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of (D) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are false.
Assertion (A).
Q25 Assertion (A): Abscisic acid (ABA) is also called
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
stress hormone.
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation
Reason (R): ABA increases the tolerance of
of Assertion (A).
plants to various kinds of stresses.
(C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(D) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are false.
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Q22 Assertion (A): 2, 4-D is extensively used in Assertion (A).
agricultural and horticultural practices. (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
Reason (R): 2, 4-D is a herbicide. but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are of Assertion (A).
trueand Reason (R) is a correct explanation (C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
of Assertion (A). (D) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are false.
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
Q26 Match the plant growth hormone given in List I
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation
with their respective chemical composition in
of Assertion (A).
List II and select the correct option.
(C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are false.

Q23 Assertion (A): Gibberellins cause fruits like apple

to elongate and improve their shape.
Reason (R): GA3 is used to speed up the
malting process in brewing industry.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true (A) 1 (B) 2
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation (C) 3 (D) 4
of Assertion (A).
Q27 Match the name of scientists given in List I with
(C) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
their respective discoveries of plant hormone in
(D) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are false.
List II and select the correct option.
Q24 Assertion (A): The most widely used compound
as source of ethylene is ethephon.
Reason (R): Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in
tomatoes and apples and accelerates
abscission in stems and leaves.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation (A) 1 (B) 2
of Assertion (A).

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(C) 3 (D) 4

Q28 Match the physiological effect of PGR given in

List I with their respective PGR in List II and
select the correct option.

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

Q30 Match the following parameters of

measurements of growth with their examples:
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

Q29 Match the P.G.R given in List I with their

respective functions in List II and select the
correct option.

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

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Answer Key
Q1 (D) Q16 (B)

Q2 (B) Q17 (C)

Q3 (B) Q18 (B)

Q4 (A) Q19 (B)

Q5 (B) Q20 (C)

Q6 (C) Q21 (B)

Q7 (D) Q22 (A)

Q8 (C) Q23 (B)

Q9 (D) Q24 (C)

Q10 (B) Q25 (A)

Q11 (C) Q26 (D)

Q12 (B) Q27 (A)

Q13 (B) Q28 (C)

Q14 (B) Q29 (D)

Q15 (C) Q30 (C)

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Hints & Solutions

Q1 Text Solution: the coleoptile of the seedling bend towards the
The phenomenon of heterophylly is an example light.
of plasticity. Plants show different kinds of
Q6 Text Solution:
structure in response to the environment during The exponential growth can be expressed as
their development. This is called plasticity. For rt
W1 = W0 e
example, heterophyllous development occurs in
W1 = final size (weight, height, number etc.)
cotton,
W0 = initial size at the beginning of the period
coriander and larkspur. In these plants, leaves
r = growth rate
of the young plants are different in shape than t = time of growth
the leaves of mature plants. e = base of natural logarithms
Q2 Text Solution: Here, r is the relative growth rate and is also the
In arithmetic growth, after mitotic cell division, measure of the ability of the plant to produce
one daughter cell continue to divide and the new plant material, referred to as efficiency
other cell differentiates and matures. So, the index.
incorrect statement is 2. Hence, the final size of W1 depends on the

Q3 Text Solution: initial size, W0 .

Problems like “Fruit size normally remained Q7 Text Solution:

small” and “Reduced stem and leaf growth”
can be solved by the application
Gibberellins. The application of gibberellins
increases the number and size of several fruits,
e.g., grape, tomato etc. The hormone creates
more room by increasing the size of stalks so
that fruits can grow in size.
Q4 Text Solution:
Apical dominance is a phenomenon in which
the central stem is dominant and lateral
During differentiation, cells undergo few to
of major structural changes both in their cell walls
and protoplasm. For example, to form a
tracheary element, the cells elongate and
would lose their protoplasm. They also develop
very strong, thick,
elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls, to
carry water to long distances even under
extreme tension.
Hence, the answer is “All of the above”.

branches are suppressed. It is due to plant Q8 Text Solution:

hormones produced in the tip of the shoot. IAA Plant development is a process regulated by
(indole-3-acetic acid), a type of auxin the endogenous genetic program as well as
hormone, is responsible for apical dominance external environmental signals which means
and cytokinin hormone is responsible for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affects the
breaking apical dominance. development of the plant.

Q5 Text Solution: Q9 Text Solution:

Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin studied Abscisic acid (ABA) is a single 15-C
phototropism by performing experiments using sequiterpenoid hormone that was originally
canary grass. They hypothesised that it is the isolated from abscising cotton fruits and maple
coleoptile tip of the plant that senses the light. dormant buds. So, the incorrect match is option
They exposed the seedlings of the Canary (D).
grass to unilateral light and they observed that

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Q10 Text Solution: Q17 Text Solution:

The ripened fruit will release ethylene hormone Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid (ABA) are
which causes ripening of other raw fruits kept in antagonistic to each other. Gibberellins
a basket. promote seed germination whereas ABA
promotes seed dormancy.
Q11 Text Solution:
Coconut water naturally contains Q18 Text Solution:
phytohormones called cytokinins, which exist in Synergistic effects of hormones can be
different forms like kinetin, kinetin riboside and explained as when two or more hormones
zeatin. The bioactive cytokinins in plants exert combine to produce effects greater than the
many vital physiological effects. sum of their individual effects. A hormone is said
to have a synergistic effect on the action of a
Q12 Text Solution:
second hormone when it enhances the
Auxin is required for flowering in pineapple while
responsiveness of a target organ to the
ethylene is required to initiate flowering and for
second hormone or when it increases the
production of synchronised fruit set in
activity of the second hormone.
pineapple. Thus, auxin and ethylene can be
applied to artificially induce flowering in Q19 Text Solution:
pineapple plants Heterophylly is found in plants such as
throughout the year to increase yield. coriander, cotton, larkspur and buttercup.
Heterophylly is an adaptation for the plant to
Q13 Text Solution:
Apples are generally wrapped in waxed paper adapt in different conditions which can be its

to slow down the ripening process. Wrapped growth stages, habitat or even environment.

apples have low respiration rate and prevent Q20 Text Solution:
ethylene formation. Gibberellins induce the synthesis of hydrolysing
enzymes that hydrolyse the stored food present
Q14 Text Solution:
in seeds and buds. This process result in
Dwarfness can be controlled by treating plants
breaking of their dormancy. Gibberellin induces
with gibberellic acid Gibberellic acid is a plant
breakdown of stored food and its mobilisation.
hormone which helps in stem and root
elongation, internodal Q21 Text Solution:
elongation and helps in floral development. It Auxin delays abscission of young leaves and
also stimulates cell elongation in the stem fruits. Its effect is through non-formation of the
which prevents dwarfness in plants. abscission zone below a leaf or fruit. Abscission

Q15 Text Solution:
Dedifferentiation is the process through which
differentiated cell regain the ability to divide
mitotically. As a result, the dedifferentiated
tissue in the plant body functions as distinct
meristematic tissue.
zone cuts off nutrients and water supply.
However, auxin promotes the abscission of
mature or older leaves and fruits. Hence, Both
Assertion and reason are correct but, Reason is
not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Q22 Text Solution:

Q16 Text Solution: Auxins have been used extensively in

Elongation phase- In this phase, cells enlarge,
size of vacuole increases and new cell wall
deposition takes place.
agricultural and horticultural practices. They are
widely used as herbicides. 2, 4-D is widely used
to kill dicotyledonous weeds, it does not affect
mature monocotyledonous plants. It is used to

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prepare dormancy. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

weed-free lawns by gardeners. Hence, Both are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation
Assertion and reason are correct and Reason is of Assertion (A).
the correct explanation of Assertion.
Q26 Text Solution:
Q23 Text Solution: Correct match is
Gibberellins are used to elongate and improve A. N 6- furfuryl amino purine- Adenine
the size of apple. Malting is the first step in the derivatives
brewing process, where seeds are allowed to B. Gibberellic acid - Terpens
germinate at temperatures that maximize the C. ABA - Carotenoids
production of hydrolytic enzymes and these D. C2H4 - Gases
enzymes break down the sugar. Gibberellin is
Q27 Text Solution:
used to speed up the malting process. Hence,
Correct match is
Both Assertion and reason are correct but,
A. F.W Went - Auxin
Reason is not the correct explanation of
B. E. Kurosawa - GA
Assertion.
C. Frederick T. Addicott- ABA
Q24 Text Solution: D. F. Skoog - Kinetin
Ethylene is a simple gaseous PGR. The most Q28 Text Solution:
widely used compound as the source of
Correct match is
ethylene is ethephon. Ethephon in an aqueous
A. Inducing dormancy - Abscisic acid
solution is readily absorbed and transported
B. Delay of leaf senescence - Cytokinins
within the plant and releases ethylene slowly.
C. Induce parthenocarpy - Auxin
Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes
D. Breaks bud dormancy – Ethylene
arid apples and accelerates
Q29 Text Solution:
abscission in flowers and fruits (thinning of
Correct match is
cotton, cherry, walnut). It promotes female
A. Abscisic acid - Closure of stomata
flowers in cucumbers thereby increasing the
B. Ethylene - Fruit ripening
yield. Hence, Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R)
C. Cytokinins - Promote nutrient mobilisation
is false.
D. Gibberellins – Stem elongation
Q25 Text Solution:
Q30 Text Solution:
Abscisic acid is also known as the stress
Correct match is
hormone because it is found to induce various
A. Growth of pollen tube - Length
types of responses in plants against stress
B. Growth of a leaf – Surface area
conditions like the
C. Growth of a bacterial colony - Cell number
closure of the stomata during drought, seed
D. Growth of a fruit - Weight

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