Important Questions for Class 12 Physics - Chapter 4 Moving Charges and

Magnetism.
1. What is the direction of the force acting on a charged particle q, moving with a velocity v→ in a uniform
magnetic field B? (Delhi)
The direction of the force acting on a charged particle q, moving with a velocity v→ in a uniform
�⃗ is perpendicular to the plane of vectors 𝑣⃗ and 𝐵
magnetic field 𝐵 �⃗

2 Why should the spring/suspension wire in a moving coil galvanometer have low tensional constant? (All
India 2008)
Answer:
Low torsion constant is basically required to increase the current/voltage sensitivity in a moving coil
ballistic galvanometer.
𝑁𝐴𝐵 𝑁𝐴𝐵
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑘 𝐾𝑅
3 Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a toroid, but not within a straight solenoid.
Why? (Delhi 2008)
Answer:
At the edges of the solenoid, the field lines get diverged due to other fields and/or non-availability of
dipole loops, while in toroid the dipoles (in loops) orient continuously.
4 An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing through a region of uniform magnetic field. What
is the direction of the magnetic field? (All India 2009)
Answer:

∴Magnetic field will be in the line of the velocity of electron.

5 A beam of α- particles projected along +x-axis, experiences a force due to a magnetic field along the +y-
axis. What is the direction of the magnetic field?

Answer:

Direction of the magnetic field is towards negative direction of z-axis.

4 A beam of protons, projected along + x-axis, experiences a force due to a magnetic field along the –y-axis.

What is the direction of the magnetic field? (All India 2010)

The direction of the magnetic field is towards positive direction of z-axis.

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5 Depict the trajectory of a charged particle moving with velocity v as it enters a uniform magnetic field
perpendicular to the direction of its motion. (Comptt. All India 2012)
Answer:

The force acting on the charge particle will be perpendicular to both v and S and therefore will describe a
circular path.

6. A galvanometer of resistance 0.6 Ω gives full scale deflection for a current upto 1.0 A. Calculate
(i) The shunt resistance required to enable the ammeter to measure current upto 5.0 A
(ii) The combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

7 Using the concept of force between two infinitely long parallel current carrying conductors, define one
ampere of current. (All India 2013)
Answer:

“One ampere of current is the value of steady current, which when maintained in each of the two very
long, straight, parallel conductors of negligible cross-section; and placed one metre apart in vacuum,
would produce on each of these conductors a force of equal to 2 × 10-7 Newton per metre (Nm-1) of
length. ”

8 Write the condition under which an electron will move undeflected in the presence of crossed electric and
magnetic fields.(Comptt. All India 2013)

Answer: Electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular

𝐸
𝑉=
𝐵
9 Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops? (All India 2015)
Answer:
Electric field lines do not form closed loops because the direction of an electric field is from positive to
negative charge. So one can regard a line of force starting from a positive charge and ending on a negative
charge. This indicates that electric field lines do not form closed loops.
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10 A particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ moving with velocity V enters the region of uniform magnetic field
at right angle to the direction of its motion. How does its kinetic energy get affected? (Comptt. Delhi
2015)
Answer:
Kinetic energy will NOT be affected.
*(When v⃗ is perpendicular to B⃗ , then magnetic field provides necessary centripetal force)
11 Write the underlying principle of a moving coil galvanometer. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
Principle of a galvanometer : “A current carrying coil, in the presence of magnetic field, experiences a
torque which produces proportionate deflection”.

12 A charge ‘q’ moving B along the X-axis with a velocity v is subjected to a uniform magnetic field B
acting along the Z-axis as it crosses the origin O. (Delhi 2009)
(i) Trace its trajectory.
(ii) Does the charge gain kinetic energy as it enters the magnetic field? Justify your answer.

Answer:
(i) The trajectory of charge q will be a circle in Y-Z plane as shown in figure.

(ii) The speed and kinetic energy of the charged particle remain constant, but velocity of the charged
particle changes in direction.
(ii) K.E does not change irrespective of the direction of the charge as

13 State Biot-Savart law.

A current I flows in a conductor placed perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Indicate the direction of
���⃗ at point P situated at a distance r⃗ from the element as shown
the magnetic field due to a small element 𝑑𝑙
in the figure.

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 Answer:
Biot-Savart law and its applications :
Biot-Savart law states that “the magnitude of the magnetic field dB at any point due to a small current
element dl is given by

14 Two identical circular wires P and Q each of radius R and carrying current ‘I’ are kept in perpendicular
planes such that they have a common centre as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of
the net magnetic field at the common centre of the two coils. (Delhi 2011)

Answer:
Magnetic field produced by the two coils at their common centre are:

The net magnetic field is directed at an angle of 45° with either of the fields.
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15 Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius r and carrying equal currents are kept in the parallel
planes having a common axis passing through O. The direction of current in P is clockwise and in Q is
anti-clockwise as seen from O which is equidistant from the loops P and Q. Find the magnitude of the net
magnetic field at O. (Delhi 2011)

Answer:

16. A proton and a deuteron, each moving with velocity 𝑣⃗ enter simultaneously in the region of magnetic
�⃗ acting normal to the direction of velocity. Trace their trajectories establishing the relationship
field 𝐵
between the two. (Comptt. Delhi 2011)
Answer:

𝑚𝑣
𝑟=
𝐵𝑞

ratio of radius of deutron and proton=1:2

17 A square loop of side 20 cm carrying current of 1A is kept near an infinite long straight wire carrying a
current of 2A in the same plane as shown in the figure.
Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force exerted on the loop due to the current carrying
conductor.

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 The direction of force is towards the infinitely long straight wire.
18 A square shaped plane coil of area 100 cm2 of 200 turns carries a steady current of 5A. It is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T acting perpendicular to the plane of the coil. Calculate the torque on the
coil when its plane makes an angle of 60° with the direction of the field. In which orientation will the coil
be in stable equilibrium? (Comptt. All India 2014)
Answer:

Stable equilibrium when the plane of the coil is parallel to the magnetic field.

𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = −𝑀𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃

19. Find the condition under which the charged particles moving with different speeds in the presence of
electric and magnetic field vectors can be used to select charged particles of a particular speed. (All India
2015)
Answer:
Condition: The velocity 𝑣⃗ of the charged particles, and the 𝐸�⃗ and 𝐵 �⃗ vectors, should be mutually
perpendicular
It means that the forces on q, due to 𝐸�⃗ and 𝐵
�⃗ must be oppositely directed.

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20. A proton and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are, in turn, passed through a region of
uniform magnetic field, acting normal to the plane of the paper and travel in circular paths. Deduce the
ratio of the radii of the circular paths described by them. (Comptt. Delhi 2015) Answer:

21. An electron moves around the nucleus in a hydrogen atom of radius 0.51 A, with a velocity of 2 × 105 m/s.
Calculate the following :
(i) the equivalent current due to orbital motion of electron
(ii) the magnetic field produced at the centre of the nucleus
(iii) the magnetic moment associated with the electron. (All India 2015)
Answer:

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22 Write the expression for the magnetic moment (𝑀 ��⃗) due to a planar square loop of side ‘l’ carrying a steady
current I in a vector form. In the given figure this loop is placed in a horizontal plane near a long straight
conductor carrying a steady current I, at a distance l as shown. Give reasons to explain that the loop will
experience a net force but no torque. Write the expression for this force acting on the loop. (Delhi 2010)

Answer:
(i) The magnetic moment (M→) due to a planar square loop of side ‘l’ carrying a steady current I in a
vector form is

(ii) CE will be attracted towards AB with a force F1 given by

23 A rectangular loop of wire of size 4 cm × 10 cm carries a steady current of 2 A. A straight long wire
carrying 5 A current is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop and the wire are coplanar, find
(i) the torque acting on the loop and

(ii) the magnitude and direction of the force on the loop due to the current carrying wire. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
τ = IAB sin θ => τ = IAB sin θ (as θ = 0)

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 (ii) Force acting on the loop on |F|

Direction : Towards conductor/Attractive Net force on the loop will act towards the long conductor
(attractive) if the current in its closer side is in the same direction as the current in the long conductor,
otherwise it will be repulsive.
24 Two identical coils, each of radius ‘R’ and number of turns ‘N’ are lying in perpendicular planes such that
their centres coincide. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant magnetic field at the centre of the
coils, if they are carrying currents ‘I’ and √3I respectively.
(Comptt. Delhi 2010)
Answer:

25 A wire AB is carrying a steady current of 12A and is lying on the table. Another wire CD carrying 5A is
held directly above AB at a height of 1 mm. Find the mass per unit length of the wire CD so that it
remains suspended at its position when left free. Give the direction of the current flowing in CD with
respect to that in AB. [Take the value of g = 10 ms-2] (All India 2010)
Answer:
Given :
Current in the wire AB (I1) = 12 A,
Current in wire CD (I2) = 5 A
Separation between two wires (d) = 1 mm
= 10-3 m
Let ‘m’ be the mass of wire CD of length (L),

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 Direction of current in CD should be opposite to that of AB.
26. (a) Define the current sensitivity of a galvanometer.
(b) The coil area of a galvanometer is 16 × 10-4 m2. It consists of 200 turns of a wire and is in a magnetic
field of 0.2 T. The restoring torque constant of the suspension fibre is 10-6 Nm per degree. Assuming the
magnetic field to be radial, calculate the maximum current that can be measured by the galvanometer if
the scale can accommodate 30° deflection. (Comptt. All India 2010)
Answer:
Sensitivity of a galvanometer: A galvanometer is said to be sensitive, if it gives a large deflection, even
when a small current passes through it.

27 A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with equal velocities, enter a uniform magnetic field
going into the plane of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in the field and justify your answer. (Delhi
2016)

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 Justification : Direction of force experienced by the particle will be according to Fleming’s Left hand
rule.

28 Three long straight parallel wires are kept as shown in the figure. The wire (3) carries a current I

(i) The direction of flow of current I in wire (3), is such that the net force, on wire (1), due to the other two
wires, is zero.

(ii) By reversing the direction of I, the net force, on wire (2), due to the other two wires, becomes zero.
What will be the directions of current I, in the two cases? Also obtain the relation between the magnitudes
of currents I1 I2 and I.

Answer:

(i) Net force experienced by wire (1) can be zero only, when the current in wire (3) flows along

– 𝚥̂ i.e. downwards, it means that the forces acting on wire (1) due to wire (3) and wire (2) are equal and
opposite.

(ii) When direction of current in wire (3) is reversed then current should be along + 𝚥̂ i.e. upwards.

For this case net force on wire (2) becomes zero, which means that the forces due to wire (1) and wire (3)
are equal and opposite.
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29 A circular coil, having 100 turns of wire, of radius (nearly) 20 cm each, lies in the XY plane with its
centre at the origin of co-ordinates. Find the magnetic field, at the point (0, 0, 20√3 cm), when this coil
carries a current of (Comptt. Delhi 2016)
Answer:

30 Two identical loops P and Q each of radius 5 cm are lying in perpendicular planes such that they have a
common centre as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the
common centre of the two coils, if they carry currents equal to 3 A and 4 A respectively. (All India 2017)

Answer:

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31 Two small identical circular coils marked 1, 2 carry equal currents and are placed with their geometric
axes perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure. Derive an expression for the resultant magnetic
field at O. (Delhi 2017)

32 A current ‘I’ enters a uniform circular loop of radius ‘R’ at point M and flows out at N as shown in the
figure. Obtain the net magnetic field at the centre of the loop. (Comptt. Delhi 2011)

𝜇0 𝐼 𝜃
Magnetic field B1 due to the arc MN at che centre of the loop is 𝐵1 = × 360 into the plane of the paper
2𝑅

𝜇0 𝐼1 1
𝐵1 = ×
2𝑅 4
𝜇0 𝐼2 3
Magnetic field at the centre of the loop due to the remainig arc is 𝐵2 = × out of the plane of the
2𝑅 4
paper
µ 𝐼 3𝐼2 4
Net magnetic field at the centre =𝐵1 − 𝐵2 =2𝑅0 � 41 − � But 𝐼2 = 𝐼1
4 3

Net magnetic field at the centre is = 0

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33

34. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into a voltmeter to measure up to V volts by connecting a

resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a resistance R2 is connected in series with it , then it can measure up
to V/2 volts. Find the resistance, in terms or R1 and R2 , required to be connected to convert it into a
voltmeter that can read up to 2V. Also find the resistance G of the galvanometer in terms of R1 and R2.

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35

36 . Two infinitely long straight wires A1 and A2 carrying currents I and 2I flowing in the same direction are
kept 'd' distance apart. Where should a third straight wire A3 carrying current 1.5I be placed between A1
and A2 so that it experiences no net force due to A1 and A2 ? Does the net force acting on A3 depend on
the current flowing through it ?

Find the ratio of magnitude of the matnetic field athe centre of a circular current carryin coil and magnetic
field at distance R√3 on the axis of the circular coil .

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37

38 A bar magnet of dipoe moment 3 Am2 rests with its centre on a frictionless pivot. A force F is applied at
right angles to the axis of the magnet, 10cm from the pivot. It is observed that an external magnetic field
of 0.25T is required to hold the magnet in equilibrium at angle of 300 with the field. Calculate the value of
F .How will the equilibrium be effected if F is withdrawn.

F X R= MBsin 𝜃
39 Two long parallel straight conductors are placed 12cm apart in air. They carry equal currents of 3A each.
Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at a point midway between them when currens in
them flow in opposite directions.

40 A galvanometer can be converted int a voltmeter to measur up to

(1) V voltes by connecting a resistance of 5kohm in series with the galvanometer

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 (2) V/2 volt by connecting a resistance of 2k ohms in series with the galvanometer.

Calculate the reisstance that should be connected in series with the galvanometer to convert it into a
voltmeter to measure up to 2V Volts.

R3= 11 kΩ
41

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