The LNM Institute of Information Technology

Jaipur, Rajsthan

Linear Algebra & Complex Analysis

■ Assignment 5

 
1 1 0 0
 −1 −1 0 0 
1. Consider the matrix A =   −2
. Show that the characteristic poly-
−2 2 1 
1 1 −1 0
nomial for A is also the minimal polynomial. Is the matrix A diagonalizable?

2. Find the characteristic polynomial p(λ) and minimal polynomial m(λ) of each ma-
trix:  
4 1 0 0 0  
 0 4 1 0 0  2 7 0 0
   0 2 0 0 
A=  0 0 4 0 0 ,
 B = 
 0 0 1 1 

 0 0 0 4 1 
0 0 −2 4
0 0 0 0 4
 
5 4 3
3. Show that matrix A =  −1 0 −3  is not diagonalizable. Does it have a
1 −2 1
Jordan canonical form? If yes find An by using the Jordan canonical form of A.

4. (a) Let matrix A has three distinct eigenvalues λ1 = 2, λ2 = −1, λ3 = 4 with

algebraic multiplicity 3, 2, 4 and geometric multiplicity 2, 1, 2. Then write all
possible Jordan canonical form of A.
(b) Determine all possible Jordan Canonical forms for a matrix A whose charac-
teristic polynomial p(λ) = (λ − 2)5 (λ + 1)3 and whose minimal polynomial
m(λ) = (λ − 2)2 (λ + 1)3 .
(c) Determine all possible Jordan Canonical forms for a matrix A whose charac-
teristic polynomial p(λ) = (λ − 2)3 (λ + 1)2 . In each case, find the minimal
polynomial m(λ).

5. Let V = C[a, b] denotes the real vector space of all continuous real valued functions
defined on the interval [a, b]. Then for f, g ∈ C[a, b] define a mapping <, >: V ×V →
R as: Z b
< f, g >= f (t)g(t)dt
a
Show that <, > is an innner product on the vector space V .

(a) For f (t) = t + 2, g(t) = t2 − 3t + 4, a = −1 and b = 1, compute < f, g >, ||f ||,
and ||g||.
(b) Verify the Cauchy -Schwarz inequality for the vector f and g given in (a).
 6. Verify that the following is an inner product on R2 , where α = (x1 , x2 ) and β =
(y1 , y2 ):

(a) < α, β >= x1 y1 − x1 y2 − x2 y1 + 4x2 y2

(b) < α, β >= 5x1 y1 − x2 y2
(c) < α, β >= x1 y1 + x2 y2 + 5
(d) < α, β >= x1 y1 + x1 y2 + x2 y1 + 3x2 y2
(e) < α, β >= x1 x2 + 5y1 y2

Ans (a) yes, (b) No as it is not positive definite (c) no, as no linearity (d) yes (e) no, as
no symmetry.

7. Show that the norm of a vector in a vector space V has the following three properties:

(a) ∥v∥ ≥ 0 and ∥v∥ = 0 if and only if v = 0.

(b) ∥λv∥ = |λ|∥v∥ for all λ ∈ R and v ∈ V .
(c) ∥v + w∥ ≤ ∥v∥ + ∥w∥ for all v, w ∈ V.

8. Let U be the subspace of R4 spanned by {(1, 1, 1, 1), (1, −1, 2, 2), (1, 2, −3, −4)}.
Then by using Gram-Schmidt process find the orthogonal basis and orthonormal
basis under the usual inner product on R4 .

9. Use Gram-Schmidt process to transform each of the following into an orthonormal

basis:

(a) {(1, 0, 1), (1, 0, −1), (0, 3, 4)} for R3 with the standard inner product.
(b) {(1, 0, 1), (1, 0, −1), (0, 3, 4)} for R3 using the inner product defined by
< (x, y, z), (x′ , y ′ , z ′ ) >= xx′ + 2yy ′ + 3zz ′ .

10. Consider the vector Zspace P2 (R) = {a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 : a0 , a1 , a2 ∈ R} with inner

1
product < f, g >= f (t)g(t)dt. Apply the Gram-Schmidt algorithm to the set
0
{1, t, t2 } to obtain an orthogonal set {f0 , f1 , f2 } with integer coefficients.