MATH 0047: Advanced Linear Algebra

Isidoros Strouthos University College London 2023-2024

Exercise Set 4

this is a “not to be assessed” set of exercises

1) Consider the following two vectors in R4 , and the standard inner product on R4 :
   
10 7
7 0
a=  0  , b = −1
  

1 5

a) Verify that the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality holds for the vectors a and b.
b) Determine the (smallest positive) angle between the vectors a and b.
⟨a,a⟩
c) Verify that the vector a is orthogonal to the vector a − ⟨a,b⟩
b.

2) Suppose that√x and y are two vectors in Rn , such that, with respect to the standard inner product on
Rn , ||x|| = 3, ||y|| = 3 and the angle between x and y is 30◦ . Find the norm of the vector 9x + 2y,
with respect to the standard inner product on Rn .

3) Consider the set R[x]2 , of real polynomials of degree smaller than or equal to 2:

R[x]2 = a2 x2 + a1 x + a0 : a0 , a1 , a2 ∈ R


with an inner product defined as follows, for f (x), g(x) in R[x]2 :

Z 2
⟨f (x), g(x)⟩ = f (x)g(x) dx
0

a) Compute the inner product ⟨3x − 5, 4x + 5⟩.

b) Compute the norm of 3x − 5.
⟨3x−5,4x+5⟩
c) Verify that 3x − 5 is orthogonal to (4x + 5) − ⟨3x−5,3x−5⟩
(3x − 5).
d) Given that 7x + a is orthogonal to x2 + 1, determine the value of a.