Rational, Irrational

numbers and Surds

2D03 Martha, 2D04 Milly, 2E07 Cindy, 2E30 Chaste
 1 The discovery of irrational numbers

Contents 2 Rational Numbers

3 Irrational numbers

4 Surds ＆Square Roots

The discovery of Irrational Numbers:
The first Mathemetical Crisis
Pythagoras & Hippasus
Pythagoras thought that mathematics is harmonious
All the things in the world can be expressed as integers or
frations made up of integers (rational numbers)
He proved Pythagoras Theorem
Hippasus -- Pythagoras's student
Hippasus discovered the first irrational number 2 using
Pythagoras Theorem Radical sign
2×2 = 4； 4 = 2
4×4 = 16； 16 = 4
Bonus
2x2x2=8
--> =2
3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81
--> =3
*How to type in calculater....
press“4”
->“shift”
->“^”(between ‘log’&‘ ’)
->“81”
->“EXE”
Rational Numbers
Rational numbers
When m &n must both be integer
n 0
can be expressed as
Types of rational numbers
Integers
7,-44,100... 7
Fractions

Terminating decimals
0.8, 5.69, -10.14 0.8
Recurring decimals
0.090909..., 3.454545..., 2.018018... 0.090909...
Irrational Numbers
Irrational numbers
real numbers that AREN’T rational numbers
cannot be expressed as
Examples
(cannot be written as fraction)
, , 9.0100100010...
, e (2.718281...)
Quick Practice
Quick Practice ANS
1.
2. √
3. √
4. √
Surds
Differences between Surds＆Square Root
1×1 = 1
?×? = 2
?×? = 3 ? = 1.73205... = 3 Surds
2×2 = 4

3 4 4=2
2 is a integer, so no need to use
Surds
surd to express
Square Root
Quick Recap
Quick Recap ANS
1. 8
2. 5
3. 11
4. 2
Use of Surds＆Square Roots
Square Roots
When a×a = b, b is a square root
Surds
When c×c =d, and d is an irrational number, d is a surd
Conclusion
Bonus
Try it yourself
ANS
1. 7 x 8 = 56
2.
3.
Division of work :
Q&A
THANK YOU!