Design and Development of a

Thermoelectric Generator

SATYA PRAKASH KUMAWAT GUIDED BY : SANJAI SINGH

IEC2020023
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MOTIVATION
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PROBLEM STATEMENT

1. Thermal Management
Addressing thermal stability and heat distribution challenges

2. Material Selection
Choosing suitable material for optimal thermoelectric performance

3. System Integration
Integrating the generator into existing energy systems.
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OBJECTIVE

Efficiency Scalability Durability

Optimizing energy Developing scalable Ensuring long-term
conversion efficiency to solutions adaptable reliability and robustness
maximize power to various power under different
output. requirements. conditions.
Designing for minimal Making the Resisting corrosion and
energy loss and technology feasible degradation
superior performance. for both small and
For a prolonged
large-scale
operational life.
applications.
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Thermoelectricity refers to a phenomena in

which a temperature difference creates an
electric potential.
➢ If you need to use the
restroom, get a drink, or see
INTRODUCTION ➢ What is TEG ? the nurse, please ask
permission and then record
the time you leave and
• It is a solid state device that return
provides direct
on the sheet posted
energy conversion from thermal on theenergy intodoor.
classroom
electrical energy.

• Principle of operation is “SEEBECK EFFECT”.

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Seebeck Effect

 This term was discovered by Thomas Seeback in 1821.

 “When the junctions of two different metals are maintained at different
temperatures, the emf is produced in the circuit. This is known as Seebeck
effect.”

 ‘U’ flows across the circuit. The

conductor 1 is maintained at ‘T+∆T’
temperature.
 The conductor 2 is maintained at
temperature ‘T’.
 Since the junctions are maintained at
different temperatures, the emf
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WORKING

 When the two sides of the semiconductor are maintained with

different temperatures, the emf is flows across the output circuit.
 As the heat moves from the hot side to the cold side, the charge
carrier moves in the semiconductor materials and hence the
potential difference is created.
 The electrons are the charge carriers in the case of N-type
semiconductors and the Hole are in P-type semiconductors.
 In a stack, a number of P-type and N-type semiconductors is
connected.
 A single PN connection can produce a Seebeck voltage of 40mV.
 The heat source such as natural gas or propane is used for remote
power generation.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Method used
Solid-state synthesis, vacuum hot pressing
for pelletization, and characterization via
SEM, XRD, EPMA, with charge carrier
confirmation using the Hot Probe method.
The research utilized a Thermoelectric Generator
(TEG) system to capture waste heat from
automobile engine exhaust. TEGs were placed on
an Aluminum pipeline with heat sinks, aided by
cooling fans to maintain cold side temperature.
TEGs were connected in series and connected to a
load.
Improvements
1. Utilizing low resistance contact
materials to reduce contact resistance.
2. Enhancing overall device efficiency by
addressing high contact resistance.
1. Optimization of geometric
parameters for enhanced
efficiency and output power.
2. Consideration of size and cost
constraints.
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Limitations
1. Identifying suitable low resistance contact
materials may require extensive research and
testing.
2. Implementing more efficient bonding
methods may necessitate additional
equipment or expertise.
1. Complex optimization process due
to interdependence of TEG
components.
2. Challenges in achieving high
efficiency due to trade-offs
between heat transfer.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Method used
The process involved testing
TEGs for power generation
under high temperatures.
Different TEG modules, heat sink
designs, and hot plate materials 2. Meeting water boiling test
were evaluated to optimize
performance and heat
dissipation. The chosen setup
included HZ14 and HZ-9 TEG
modules, a flower-shaped heat
sink with a fan, and stainless
steel hot plate material.
Improvements
1. Successful integration of TEG
technology into cookstoves,
enabling sustainable energy
generation.
standards, indicating
usability and reliability.
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Limitations
1. Limited power generation
capacity may restrict
functionality for certain
applications.
2. Reliance on user feedback
and field trials for final
assessment may prolong
development.
3. Lack of detailed technical
information hampers
scalability assessment.
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WORKFLOW

Material Selection System Modelings Prototype Development

Final Design Refinement Optimization Strategies

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CONCLUSION & FUTURE ASPECTS

 TEG to supply low-power electronics (milliwatts).

 Waste heat conversion to useful energy is beneficial to the present energy crisis.
 Introduction of nanostructure material to build wearable devices.
 Radioisotopes TEG can be extensively used in satellite applications.
 2D material-based TEG can be designed for highly efficient, environment-
friendly applications.
 Compact TEG can be designed for high-power applications.
 Development in the future will lead to interesting applications.
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 References :

1. Arun Seeralan Balakrishnan ,Dr. Farrukh Hafiz Nagi, Dr. Khairul Salleh, Dr. Prem A/l Gunnasegaran ,” Thermo-Electric Generator
Design for Energy Harvesting From Exhaust Gases” , International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering. ISSN 2250-3234
Volume 7, Number 1 (2017), pp. 55-70
2. Risha Mala , Rajendra Prasadb , Virendra K. Vijayc , Amit R. Vermad , “The design, development and performance evaluation of
thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated forced draft biomass cookstove” , Procedia Computer Science 52 ( 2015 ) 723 – 729
3. O.M. Al-Habahbeh *, A. Mohammad, A. Al-khalidi, M. Khanfer, M. Obeid, “Design optimization of a large-scale thermoelectric
generator”, Volume 30, Issue 2, April 2018, Pages 177-182
4. Prof. Ajit Kumar Senapati, Mr. Shakti Prasad Dash and Mr. P Rakesh. (2014). Thermo-Electric Generator in Turbocharged Diesel
Engine - A Review. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology.p. 276-279
5. Orr, B. G., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Experimental testing of a car exhaust heat recovery system utilising TEGs and heat pipes.
SAE-A Vehicle Technology Engineer-Journal.