Chemical Process Industries

DEAERATION
MC MILKLYN L. GARAYGAY
JOSE MANUEL O. MAZA
CONTENTS

01. Objectives
02. Process of Deaeration
03. Chemical Reaction Involved
04. Equipments Used in Deaeration
OBJECTIVES
1. To define what is deaeration.
2. To understand the process of deaeration.
3. To familiarize the equipments used in deaeration process.
4. To know all the chemical reactions involved in deaeration
process.
5. To apply the knowledge learned about deaeration to treat
waste water.
CONTENTS

01. Objectives
02. Process of Deaeration
03. Chemical Reaction Involved
04. Equipments Used in Deaeration
 PROCESS OF DEAERATION
” The primary function of the deaerator is to prevent corrosion by removing the
dissolved corrosive gases from all sources of water entering the downstream system
such as steam generating boilers, condensate lines, etc.”

-Deaeration of water involves removing dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon
dioxide to prevent corrosion in systems like boilers and condensate systems. This
process typically entails heating the water to decrease gas solubility, then exposing it
to a vacuum or stripping gas like steam in specialized equipment such as deaeration
towers. After deaeration, the treated water is often used directly in industrial
processes, although additional purification steps like filtration or chemical treatment
may be required depending on system requirements. Overall, deaerated water
maintains system integrity and efficiency by reducing gas content.
 PROCESS OF DEAERATION
A dissolved gas can be removed from water
by reducing the partial pressure of that gas
in the atmosphere contacting the liquid. In
preboiler systems this is accomplished by
applying steam as a purge and venting to
remove the undesired gas. The solubility of
dissolved oxygen in water as a function of
temperature is given in the figure.
Operation of a deaerating heater to within a
few degrees of the temperature of
saturated steam results in removal of 97%
image source: Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology •

to 98% of the oxygen. Third Edition • 2001

 PROCESS OF DEAERATION
Deaeration is based on two scientific principles:

1. Henry’s Law

“states that the gas solubility in a solution decreases as the gas partial
pressure above the solution decreases.”

2. Relationship between gas solubility and temperature.

“the gas solubility in a solution decreases as the temperature of the

solution rises and approaches saturation temperature.”
CONTENTS

01. Objectives
02. Process of Deaeration
03. Chemical Reaction Involved
04. Equipments Used in Deaeration
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED
The following is a typical outline of an important phase of iron water corrosion accelerated by oxygen
under alkaline or neutral conditions. Iron in contact with water exerts a certain solution pressure and
sets up the anodic half reaction:

This ceases after a certain potential is reached. However, oxygen can react with water to give OH ions
at the cathode:

image source: Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries

Times New Roman
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED
The Fe2+ and the OH- ions react, and the electrons are neutralized by the flow of current
between the adjacent anode and cathode:

The initial reactions then proceed further. This electrochemical corrosion can be summarized:

images source: Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries

 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED
Naturally, air and water can change ferrous hydroxide to ferric hydroxide. Anything that
stops the foregoing seuences will stop the corrosion. This may be accomplished by removal
of the dissolved oxygen, by electrode polarization, by organic inhibitors, or by protective
salts.
Any remaining traces of oxygen can then be chemically combined by using an oxygen
scavenger such as sodium sulfite or hydrazine hydrate.

image source: Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries

CONTENTS

01. Objectives
02. Process of Deaeration
03. Chemical Reaction Involved
04. Equipments Used in Deaeration
EQUIPMENTS USED IN DEAERATION
T ray-Type Deaerator
Also known as "spray-tray" type
Usually composed of two vessels:
the vessel located on the top is
the deaeration section, while the
one below it is the feedwater
storage section.

Figure 10-4. Tray-type deaerating heater, horizontal.

(Courtesy of Graver Water Division, Ecodyne Corporation.)
EQUIPMENTS USED IN DEAERATION
S pray-Type Deaerator
Also known as "spray-scrubber"
type
Usually composed of a single
horizontal or vertical vessel which
acts as both the deaeration
section and the feedwater
storage tank.

Figure 2. A schematic diagram of a typical spray-type deaerator

(Image source: American Water Chemicals, Inc)
REFERENCES
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Deaerator System - Deaerator Device - Definition | AWC. (2020, September 14). American Water Chemicals, Inc.
https://www.membranechemicals.com/water-treatment/deaeration-
systems/#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20basic%20types,deaerated%20boiler%20feedwater%20storage%20tank

Irshadonweb. (2020, January 18). Deaerators, deaeration Process, Types, principles - Join oil field. Join Oil Field. https://joinoilfield.com/deaerators-
deaeration-process-types-principles/?fbclid=IwAR0FoI3NOtJQutGDKtW3y4CR4MGBRb63CEWlypNLIu1PbwWFasPG9NvmG0g

RKSdev. (2021, January 22). Deaerator Purpose, Functions & Types - Kansas City Deaerator. Kansas City Deaerator. https://deaerator.com/deaerator-
purpose-types-functions/?fbclid=IwAR3vruoSqSPbj4nIzzjBioeZq2jCzpzsz-RN_nUxOxw15eVOMcwspsLByHQ

SaVRee. (2024, January 26). Deaerators: What is a Deaerator? https://savree.com/en/encyclopedia/deaerator

Water Handbook - Boiler feedwater Deaeration | Veolia. (n.d.). https://www.watertechnologies.com/handbook/chapter-10-boiler-feedwater-

deaeration?fbclid=IwAR2Mp3qHUyGwe23TkPavEdON-JCKsxfNgqmJOAGsCbsSjc1KwyWzVn-VcGM
 THE END,
THANK YOU!