Fiber Optic Cable Termination

Terminating a Corning Field Installable SC connectors

Corning field installable SC connectors feature a pre-radiused Zirconia ferrule. This pre-radiused
ferrule makes high quality field termination possible.

This tutorial describes the fiber optic cable termination process (hand polishing process) of a
Corning field-installable SC connector (PC finish). The fiber optic termination kit described here
comes from Corning Cable Systems. Please follow the manufacturer’s instruction if you are
more familiar with fiber termination kit from other manufacturers.

Although this tutorial describes the steps for fiber optic termination of a Corning SC connector,
the concept applies to all epoxy and polish connectors.

The major fiber optic termination steps are summarized as follows:

1. Fiber cable preparation

2. Epoxy/adhesive preparation

3. Inject epoxy/adhesive into connector ferrule

4. Insert fiber into connector

5. Crimp connector

6. Cure epoxy/adhesive with oven

7. Cleave excess fiber from ferrule tip

8. Ferrule polishing and cleaning

9. Final inspection

10. Trouble shooting tips

Fiber optic termination tools used in this tutorial

 Fiber optic safety glasses

 Fiber disposal unit (fiber disposal bottle)
 3mm fiber jacket stripper
 Aramid yarn cutter (Kevlar cutter)
  A pair of regular scissors
 Permanent marker
 Miller fiber stripper
 Fiber optic cleaning kit including lint-free wipes, alcohol dispensing bottle, isopropyl
alcohol , compressed air, etc
 Epoxy mixer
 3-cc epoxy injection syringe
 SC connector crimp tool
 Ruby fiber scribe tool
 Epoxy curing oven with thermometer and fiber stand
 Fiber optic polishing kit, including glass plate, polishing pad, SC connector polishing
puck, 12um air polish lapping film, 5um rough polishing lapping film, 1um fine polishing
lapping film, etc.
 Fiber optic inspection microscope with 200X magnification level

Precautions

 Always wear your safety glasses. Glass fiber pieces are very sharp and dangerous
 Prevent epoxy/adhesive contact with skin or eyes
 Promptly dispose glass fiber pieces into fiber disposal bottle or on a loop of tape
 Never directly look into a fiber. The invisible laser light can damage your eyes

Components of a Corning’s field-installable SC connector (for 3mm jacketed

cable)

Step 1: Fiber Cable Preparation

 Slide the 3mm strain relief boot onto the cable end to be terminated
 Per connector manufacturer’s instruction, use jacket stripper (2.0mm hole) to remove
fiber jacket to specified length and expose the aramid yarn. (the Kevlar)
 Trim the aramid yarn to specified length with scissors according to the spec.

Fiber jacket and aramid yarn stripped to specified length per connector manufacturer’s spec

Jacket Stripper (Ideal 45-349 simplex, duplex 3mm jacket stripper)

Aramid yarn cutter (Kevlar cutter)

 Fold the aramid yarn back and slide the crimp ring onto the cable, keep folding the
aramid yarn back with the crimp ring.

 Use a permanent marker to mark specified length from end of the jacket per
manufacturer’s spec on fiber tight buffer.
  Strip the buffer in 5mm increments up to the mark with your preferred buffer and coating
stripper.

Strip the buffer with a No-Nik 200um fiber stripper

Miller triple holes fiber stripper - Strips 250um to 125um, 900um to 250um and 2~3mm Jacket
Removal

 Clean the stripped fiber with a link-free wipe soaked in isopropyl alcohol and put it aside
for later use. (Be careful not to contaminate the cleaned fiber!)
Step 2: Epoxy/Adhesive Preparation

 Here we use Tra-Con BAF253 Bipax package as the epoxy sample, please follow your
epoxy manufacturer’s epoxy preparation procedure.
 Open the divider of the Bipax package, and roll the epoxy package on a flat surface with
the epoxy mixer to mix the epoxy. When the epoxy changes to a consistent color
throughout, the epoxy is ready.

Open the divider of the Bipax epoxy package

Tra-Con BAF253 fiber optic epoxy

Epoxy mixer for Bipax packaged epoxy

 Remove the plunger from the 3-cc epoxy syringe, cut one corner of the Bipax epoxy
package, and pour the epoxy into the syringe. Replace the plunger back into the syringe.
o Use an inexpensive regular scissors to cut the package. DO NOT use the aramid
yarn cutter! The aramid yarn cutter will be ruined if contaminated by epoxy.
o Try not to trap air in the syringe when pouring the epoxy, air bubbles can cause
voids during epoxy curing.

Pouring epoxy into the 3-cc syringe

A 3-cc epoxy syringe popular in fiber optic connector termination

 Hold syringe vertically with the needle up. Let the epoxy run to the bottom. Slowly move
the plunger up, forcing out the air.
 Wipe the epoxy that squirts out of the needle with a wipe.
Step 3: Inject Epoxy/Adhesive into Connector Ferrule

 Take a connector, remove and throw away the cap from the rear of the assembly since
you won’t need it any more.
 Remove the dust cap from the connector ferrule (front of the assembly) and keep it. You
will need it to protect the finished connector.
 Hold the connector with ferrule pointed up; insert the syringe into the connector guiding
tube until it stops in the connector.
 Slowly push the plunger to inject epoxy into the connector body, stop once you see epoxy
bead appears at the tip of the ferrule, and remove the syringe.

Step 4: Insert Fiber into Connector

  Slide the fiber into the connector all the way back to the jacket. As you feed the fiber into
the connector, rotate the connector back and forth so epoxy gets spread all around the
fiber and keeps the fiber to the center of the hole in the ferrule.

Step 5: Crimp Connector

 Slide the crimp ring back down the cable jacket, away from the connector, to free the
aramid yarn. Use tweezers to spread the aramid yarn evenly around the back of the
connector body.
 Slide the crimp ring back towards the connector over the aramid yarn until it stops
against the wall of the crimp body.
 Place the connector assembly into your crimper tool hex, make sure the cable jacket is
under the crimp ring, and squeeze the crimper tool’s handles shut to crimp the connector.
Remove the connector from the crimper tool.

 Slide 3mm strain relief boot over the crimp ring. The connector is now ready for next
step.
Step 6: Cure Epoxy/Adhesive with Oven

 Check the temperature of the epoxy curing oven with the thermometer, and make sure the
temperature is 125~130°C (or curing temperature per your epoxy manufacturer’s spec)
o You should have turned on the oven before cable preparation so it would have
enough time to warm up and stabilize at 125°C
 Put the connector assembly into the curing oven, and cure the epoxy for 6 minutes.
o Make sure you don’t break the fiber protruding from the ferrule tip. You will have
to start over if you break the fiber since it always breaks inside the ferrule which
makes polishing impossible.

Curing connector epoxy with an oven (note the thermometer and timer)
 Connector epoxy curing oven with a thermometer

 Take out the connector after epoxy curing; allow it to cool down for next step.

Step 7: Cleave Excess Fiber from Ferrule Tip

 Hold the connector with ferrule tip pointed up; nick the excess fiber at a point
0.15~0.2mm from where it exits the epoxy bead with a ruby fiber scribe.

 Pull the fiber to break it and dispose the fiber piece into a fiber disposal bottle or onto a
loop of tape. Now the connector is ready for polishing.

Step 8: Ferrule Polishing and Cleaning

 NOTE: DO NOT OVER-POLISH in each stage. Over-polish can create fiber
undercutting resulting expensive rework and product replacement.
 Prepare the fiber optic polishing glass plate, pad and lapping film as follows

o Place a rubber polish pad on the glass plate.

o Clean the polish pad with lint-free wipes soaked in isopropyl alcohol, followed by
a dry lint-free wipe clean and a compressed air blow.
o Place a 5um grit lapping film (gray color in this example) with the adhesive
backing down on the polish pad. Place a connector polishing puck on the lapping
film.
o Place a 1um grit lapping film (white color in this example) with adhesive backing
down on the polish pad. Place another connector polishing puck on the lapping
film.
o Using each polishing puck on its corresponding polishing film will prevent
contamination of the 1um grit lapping film.
o Drop distilled water onto each lapping film appropriate the size of a quarter, and
uniformly wet the surface of each film with its corresponding polishing puck.
 Air polish the fiber stub with 12um lapping film
o Hold the connector as shown. Take a 12um lapping film and fold it into a U-shape
with the abrasive side facing the connector.
o Gently polish the fiber stub by making 2~3cm circles on the abrasive side of the
film.
o Stop when you see that the fiber stub no longer scratches the lapping film. You
can also notice the change in sound as the fiber stub gets filed down and the
epoxy bead is removed.
o NOTE: DO NOT OVER-POLISH! The optimum fiber height is 100um above the
ferrule.
 o Check the condition of the connector end-face. A small amount of epoxy should
be present.
o Clean the connector tip with distilled water, followed by lint-free wipe soaked in
isopropyl alcohol.

 Rough polishing the connector on 5um lapping film

o Now hold the polishing puck for the 5um film in the air and then insert the
connector. The connector ferrule should move freely and seat on the polishing
puck top. Never insert the connector into the puck while it is lying on the glass
because you may chip the glass at the ferrule tip.

o Now put the polishing puck on the 5um film, and gently make one or two figure 8
polishing patterns with very light pressure. The purpose is to make sure that the
fiber stub is flush with the epoxy bead.
 o Once the fiber stub is flush with the epoxy bead, make 4 to 5 figure 8 polishing
patterns with medium pressure. Check the epoxy bead after each figure 8 pattern.
o Once the epoxy bead is almost gone, remove and clean the connector with a dry
lint-free wipe.
o Another indication for this step is that the polishing suddenly feels slippery. It will
feel like the polishing puck is floating on air.

 Fine polishing the connector on 1um lapping film

o Now put the connector into the polishing puck for the 1um (white color) lapping
film as shown in the 5um polishing puck step.
o Make about 10 figure 8 polishing patterns on the 1um film with almost no
pressure. Actually just enough to hold the connector steady.
o DO NOT use too much pressure or the connector will not polish.

o Remove the connector and clean the connector end-face and ferrule surfaces with
a lint-free wipe soaked in isopropyl alcohol.
o Finish the cleaning with a dry lint-free wipe followed by a blow of compressed
air.
Step 9: Final Inspection

 Insert the connector into the end of your fiber optic inspection microscope with at least
200X magnification. You need the correct ferrule adapter for your connector. FC, SC and
ST connectors need 2.5mm ferrule adapter for the fiber optic inspection microscope. LC
connector needs a 1.25mm ferrule adapter instead.

 Passing criteria for hand polishing fiber optic connector

o The ferrule end-face should have a mirror finish with the edge of the fiber face
perfectly circular
o No epoxy/adhesive should be visible

o Light scratches and small pits are acceptable if they are not on the fiber core.
However shattered fiber, cracked fiber and heavily pitted fibers are not
acceptable.
 If the connector passes visual inspection then you can put on the dust cap over the
connector ferrule.
 good quality fiber optic connector termination

Step 10: Trouble Shooting Tips for Fiber Optic Cable Termination

o Causes of shattered fibers

 Excessive oven curing temperatures during epoxy cure

 Wrong excess fiber scribing and removal methods

 Accidental fiber breakage before or after fiber scribing
 Excessive pressure in the air polish step (12um lapping film)
 Excessive pressure in the rough polishing step (5um lapping film)
o Causes of cracked fibers

 The same reasons listed in the shattered fibers list

 The 5um rough polishing lapping film is worn out
o Causes of heavily pitted fibers

 Excessive polishing on the 5um lapping film

>> More Fiber Optic Technical References and Tutorials

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