MBB 150 03/11/2021

PASTEUR AND KOCH: MEDICINAL REVOLUTION

LOUIS PASTEUR
- Chemist
- Germs and wine preservation
- 50s

ROBERT KOCH
- 30s
- Rural doctor

Tuberculosis, diphtheria, cholera plagues in Middle Ages

- Pano ba to nattransmit
- Hypotheses are inheritance, divine punishment etc
- Germ theory
o Koch and Pasteur feud revolutionized the Germ theory

1872
- Pasteur retired after an accident
- Lost three daughters
- He worked more in chemistry

Fermentation
- Through this, he found a way to combat wine diseases
- Heating pasteurization
- Microorgs definitely play a role

Pasteur is not a doctor though.

Prussian rural doctor

- Anthrax (kills thousands of animals in Europe)
- Bacillus found in animal blood
o Is it the disease? Or just a consequence of it?

Professor Byrs – microorgs are not that significant

- Jakobser Lee

Koch postulates

Ox’s eye liquid

- Bacteria multiply rapidly as expected
- Bright dots appear at regular intervals (spores)
o Explains reappearance of disease after years

TECHNICALLY, Robert Koch was the first to successfully show that a disease is transmitted by a microbe
(Verifying his four postulates)

--

Pasteur: You don’t even quote my research etc etc. Koch is a self-taught doctor who does not have any
scientific journal etc etc blah blah baseless theory.

1870 war blab la napoleon

Due to the war and the ugly casualties and results, Pasteur’s liking for Germans / Prussians is totally
clouded by hatred.

For Pasteur, Koch is right. Pero insufficient pa ung evidence, thinking na hobby lang ung pagoobserve
nya nito kasi di nagtake si Koch ng precautions etc etc

Pasteur still continued his studies on beer fermentation. Later on he studied on Koch’s stuff.

To confirm that bacteria and nothing else transmits the disease, Pasteur used methods he learned from
fermentation.
- Serial dilution
- Started with blood from lamb with anthrax dropped into sterile urine, then etc etc etc until
sobrang unti na lang ung observable bacteria
- He inoculated it na sa rabbit

1878
- He went to investigate the anthrax phenomenon on the fields

Pasteur questioned Koch’s theory of spores: how they remain for years in the same fields despite
weather, di inexplain ung spores phenomenon

They extracted soil samples. They buried the dead animals (due to anthrax) under that soil. They also
analyzed the worms there.
- He concluded the cursed fields riddle that worms are carriers of germs.

1880
- Koch is now in a bacteriology lab, offered a title of govt advisor in Berlin
- Along with more scientists, they begin to look at more other human diseases.
- Improved their equipment and techniques
o Photo micrograph

CULTURE ON SOLID MEDIUM

- In liquid medium, it’s hard to culture multiple strains / species of bacteria
- Started with growing bacteria in potato slices, green colonies form (pure cultures)
- Bacteria of interest does not grow on potatoes, though..
- Next idea: gelatin
- Gelling product from algae
- Richard Petri – ideal container for cultures
Edward Jenner – vaccinia in cow disease  vaccine in smallpox
- At the time, Jenner didn’t know how and why the vaccine works
- Pasteur has the key daw to this question
o Smallpox is caused by a microbe
o Vaccine is an attenuated microbe of the disease

Pasteur was challenged by veterinarian Mr. Rossignol

- He was interested in the results and ...publicity???
- He arranged a public demonstration that’ll either prove Pasteur wrong or give birth to a
fantastic discovery.
- Pasteur led a vaccination of 50 sheep of attenuated anthrax (all vax’d sheep survived!)

After 2 months, Pasteur was invited to London where he’ll present his work sa Intl Congress of Med
- This event was led by Joseph Lister (Pasteur stan) – established aseptic technique in hospitals

Koch was there waiting for sort of an acknowledgement

- But again, mas sufficient daw ung evidence nya
- “Koch you should read my work on worms etc etc
- Long story short, Koch doesn’t need to be credited on my work in vaccines yadah yadah I still
hate Germans I even hate the Prince of Prussia fdgjdhfkgh

Offended si koya Koch kasi he made extensive research on anthrax, at least may welcome mention man
lang diba but NO.

Lister met Koch and since ang ganda ng discovery nya sa pure culture and photo micrographs,
- They went to Lister’s lab yadah yadah
- Natuwa si Pasteur sa micrograph eme, so you could they’re warming up to each other :*

Koch wrote an article about Pasteur’s work.

TUBERCULOSIS came. Very lethal and deadly and mapansala.

- Studies in it is harder than anthrax.
- Staining technique is devised.
- Pathogen is slow-growing (needs a whole day)

1882

Koch continues to study on TB cases.

Assembled his colleagues in the Hygiene Institute
- In seven months, was able to successfully culture and identify TB (caused by Bacillus)
- Later on, this was published on newspapers
- Koch became popular overnight

Sept 1882
- Koch went to Intl Hygiene Congress (apparently pupunta din si Pasteur para i-rebut si Koch)

Pasteur spoke.
- His work on the vaccine against fowl cholera
 - Attacks Koch through speech (inexperience of authors of the article on Bacillus)

Koch then speaks.

- He thought there was no use to answer to Pasteur’s attacks (since may language barrier)
- He’ll reply through medical publication

Nagpublishan sila ng hate speeches nila ganern

- Pasteur: “Wala namang bago sa mga pinupublish mo etc etc”

- Koch: “You’re not even a doctor!” --- HE WENT THERE
- Pasteur:

1883 cholera threatens Europe

- Magkikita na naman sila
- It became a global pandemic due to colonization YIKES
- Killed 500 ppl in egypt per day

French govt instructed Pasteur to send expedition to Egypt.

- He sent his assistant Emil Rus (Pasteur is 60 ish y/o di na nya keri magtravel and macontract ung
cholera)

In Germany, Koch went there as well (He went there himself).

Tul (??) died.

- Koch expressed good words to honor his death.
- Parang nagka-truce muna sila.

Koch, Fisher and assistants went to India

- Pasteur thinks cholera is airborne
- Koch concluded while studying there that
o Cholera spreads more in dense area
o Water is a transmission route for cholera
- Same cholera bacillus

Continue na naman warla nila. Pasteur continues to question Koch’s work.

- Koch’s failed to convey the disease to an animal

Pasteur proposed (since wala pang ethics eme eme nun) na ipainom sa inmates on death toll ung
cholera bacilli. Minungkahi nya to sa Second emperor ng Brazil but he declined.

1885
- Koch became professor at Berlin Insti of Hygiene
- Regarded as equal of Pasteur
- But actually, Pasteur hasn’t really worked on human diseases yet, unlike Koch.

Pasteur then worked on rabies.

- 100% mortality rate, pero less cases compared to TB
 - Makes a vaccine na ituturok sa bitten patients (since nagmamanifest lang ung disease after 2-3
months daw)
- However, rabies is caused by a virus, na di pa nila alam nung time na un. Also, “invisible” ung
pathogen since di makita sa light microscope ung virus.
o He attenuated the microbe for 10 days, then injected in a rabies-showing dog.

1884-1885

- He tested the rabies vaccine on a kid (Joseph Master)

- Doses of virulent rabies every day for 2 weeks (THEY SUCCEEDED)

He expanded this breakthrough.

- In Paris, America

War stuff again. Germany wants to reconquer parts of France yada yada

Nagspark na naman ung rivalry nila dahil dito (became a political one as well as scientific one)

1889
- Koch locks himself sa lab
- Wants to find cure for TB (so that he can surpass Pasteur)

1890
- Koch managed to cure TB in guinea pigs
- 10th intl congress in med in berlin
o Acknowledged na partial pa lang ung data nya
- Tuberculin

Pasteur congratulated Koch

1891- Koch results are criticized (saying na di sya nakakagaling ng TB, even worsening the patient’s
condition)
- Bumaligtad ung success nya
- He started seeing another woman OH NO!\

Pasteur succeeded in career

- But his health slowly deteriorates.

Koch academy  started microbiology

Pasteur academy  started immunology

1895 – Pasteur passed away

1915 – Koch and new wife travelled to different countries. Koch visited to the Pasteur insti and they
welcomed Koch like one of their own.