TOPIC1.

3 Fractions (3)
■Equivalent fractions

×2 ×4
1 2 8
=   =  
2 4 16
×2 ×4
𝟏 𝟐 𝟖
 ,  ,  have equal value. These fractions are called equivalent fractions.
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟔

【Common questions】 Multiplied by the

Fill in the blanks and complete these equivalent fractions. same number
×4
2 ⬚ 2 ⬚ 2 8
(𝐴)   =            Step1
                                                =                                    
Step2                                     =                                  
3 12 3 12 3 12
×4 ×4

Find the operation

÷4 ÷4
12 3 12 3 12 3
(𝐵 )   =                    
Step1                                   =                            Step2
                                            =                                  
16 ⬚ 16 ⬚ 16 4
÷4

Steps Divided by the

Step1: Find the operation to change to equivalent fraction. same number
Step2: Calculate the numerator or the denominator using “Step1”.

■Changing to a common denominator

Step1: A common multiple of 4 and 6 is 12
3 5
       𝑎𝑛𝑑     Step2: 3 ×3 ⬚ 9 ×2
5 ⬚ 10
4 6             =               =               =               =  
4 12 12 6 12 12
×3 ×2

9 10 Steps
   𝑎𝑛𝑑   Step1: Find a common multiple of both denominators.
12 12
Step2: Change each fraction to an equivalent fraction.
※Common multiples
A number that’s multiples of two numbers is a common multiple.
The lowest common multiple is the smallest number that is a multiple of both.

5
Exercise
■ Ⅰ.Basic
1.1 Find the calculations. Fill in the blanks with numbers.

(𝐴)  2  ×              = 8              (𝐵 )  10  ×                = 30              (𝐶 )    6    ×                  = 30              (𝐷 )  7  ×                = 21

(𝐸 )  9   ÷              = 3            (𝐹 )  10   ÷                = 5              (𝐺 )    14   ÷              = 2              (𝐻 )  64   ÷                = 8

1.2 Find the lowest common multiples (LCM).

𝐴  2  𝑎𝑛𝑑  3                   𝐵    4  𝑎𝑛𝑑  3                 𝐶    4  𝑎𝑛𝑑  8                   𝐷  6  𝑎𝑛𝑑  4                 𝐸  7  𝑎𝑛𝑑  8

■ Ⅱ.Important
2.1 Fill in the blanks and complete these equivalent fractions.

1 1 3 5 20 4
𝐴   =                   𝐵   =                   𝐶   =                 𝐷   =                 𝐸   =                      
2 4 3 9 5 15 7 1 2

4 4 12 35 5 72
𝐹   =                   𝐺   =                   𝐻   =                 𝐼   =                   𝐽   =                      
6 3 12 3 15 5 49 9

2.2 Change the pairs of fractions to the common denominators using LCM of both denominators.
1 1 3 2 1 3 5 1 2 3
𝐴    𝑎𝑛𝑑                 𝐵      𝑎𝑛𝑑                 𝐶      𝑎𝑛𝑑                 𝐷    𝑎𝑛𝑑                 𝐸    𝑎𝑛𝑑  
2 3 4 3 4 8 6 4 7 8

■Ⅲ.Challenge
3.1 Fill in the blanks and complete these equivalent fractions.

1 2 3 21 42 3 9 40 2
𝐴   =   =           𝐵   =     =           𝐶   =   =         𝐷   =   =                
10 40 7 8 48 100 10