SECONDESEMESTER STUDY READING

SECOND SEMESTER STUDY READING

SCIENCE
.Unit 4
Food chain is a transfer of energy from one living thing to another
Arrow show energy transfer
Producer- is a living thing usually a green plant that can make its own
food they get their energy from sun they use the sun energy to make
food
Consumer is a living things that can not make its own food and must
eat other living things to get obtain energy
Consumer-animal =primary consumer,Secondary consumer,Tertiary
consumer
Foodweb-interrelation ship for energy transfer ,more than one food
chain,it is a link of food chain
Energy is transfer from one living things to another the amount of
energy that is transferred to the next link get less and less
.Some of the energy is used by the herbivore to stay alive
.Some energy will be transferred to the surroundings as heat
.Some energy will be store in the herbivore body
The environment is everything around us includes air,water,soil and
other livingthing
Very small particles of plastic is called microplastic
Pesticides are one type of harmful substance that can affect food
chain,it can also kill consumer
The substance build up=accumulate
SECONDESEMESTER STUDY READING
SCIENCE
UNIT 5
Mass is the amount of matter in an object measure mass in kilogram
and gram
Object have the same mass wherever they are Mass and weight are
not the same the weight of an object depends on the force of gravity
Weight is the force of attraction on an object caused by gravity
measure weight in newton.Weight will not be the same on other
planet
The smaller the force of gravity the lower your weight will be
The force of gravity depends on the mass of the object
1kg/10newton
The effects of forces of gravity
.Make an object move
.slow down a moving object
.stop a moving object
.chang the direction an object is moving in
.change the shape of an object
The upthrust force causes water to be disaplaced or pushed out of
the way
If the mass of the object is less than or equal to the mass of the
water disaplace by water it will float
If the mass of the object is greater than the mass of the water
disaplaced by upthrust it will sink
Circuit diagram a diagram of a circuit using conventional symbols for
all the components
SECONDESEMESTER STUDY READING
Science
UNIT 5
Parallel circuit=a circuit where there more than one pathway and
each pathway receives the full circuit voltage
Conventional symbol-a symbol that is recognized all over the world
The strength of electricity is measured in units call volts
The strength of electricity that a component needs for it to work is
called voltage
Seriess circuit-a circuit where the electric current only has one
pathway

UNIT 6
Smooth polished surfaces are very good at reflecting light
Plane mirror are- flat mirror. Mirror image-reflection light
Reflect light create a second version .Clear is also good at reflecting
light
The arriving ray of lights is called incident ray. The ray of light that
reflects off the mirror is called the reflected ray.The normal is a line
drawn at right angles.
Periscope-a periscope is a device that use mirror to allow you to see
over the top of something infront of you
Refraction is a bending of light
A medium is a material such as water,glass or air
An optical illusion is something our eyes see but which is not real
Alense is a transparent substance with at least curved surface.A
convex lense makes things look bigger
SECONDESEMESTER STUDY READING
SCIENCE
UNIT 6
THE SUN
larger than the about 400 times moon .It is about 150 million km
away.Mercury is about 60 million km away from sun.Neptune is
about 4500 million km away from sun.

The Earth
The earth rotats on it axis-12hours day time,12hours night time=24
hours/1day(rotation). It complete orbit around sun every year or 365
¼ days. Earth days=24 hours,Earth hour=60mins,earth year=365 ¼

Earth Moon
It takes 29.5 days to complete orbit around earth.it is 390000km
away from earth.Waxing=growing,Waning=getting smaller,