Lec 1 - Module 1

LIGHTNING SYSTEM DESIGN
Subject In-charge
Kalyani Soni
Assistant Professor
Contact no-9021084811
email: kalyani.soni@sfit.ac.in
Whatsapp Group Invite Link -
St. Francis Institute of Technology LSD

Department of Information Technology Kalyani Soni 1
The material in this presentation belongs to St. Francis Institute of Technology and is solely for educational purposes. Distribution and modifications of the content is prohibited.
Module-1 Introduction
Review of Light, Color and Photometry
● Laws of illumination, illumination entities
● Radiometric and photometric standards
● Photometric measurement procedure assessment of lamp
efficacy
● Color temperature
● Colorimetry- Measurement of CRI
● Glare
● Solid-State Lighting: Drivers for LED lamps
● standards and regulations
● LED luminaries
● LED Light Distributions
St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Basic Terminology
LIGHT
It is form of electromagnetic energy radiated from body which is
capable of being perceived by the human eye.

1.Solid Angle
A plane angle is subtended at a point and is enclosed by two straight lines
lying in the same plane.
θ = Arc / Radius (Radiance)

1. .LIGHT
2. LUMINOUS FLUX
3. LUMINOUS INTENSITY
4. LUMENS
5. CANDLE POWER
6. ILLUMINATION
7. BRIGHTNESS (LUMINANCE)
8. MEAN HORIZONTAL CANDLE POWER (MHCP)
9. MEAN SPHERICAL CANDLE POWER (MSCP)
10. MEAN HEMI SPHERICAL CANDLE POWER (MHSCP)
11. REDUCTION FACTOR
12. LAMP EFFICIENCY
13. SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION
14. SPACE TO HEIGHT RATIO
15. UTILIZATION FACTOR
16. MAINTENANCE FACTOR
17. DEPRECIATION FACTOR
18. WASTE LIGHT FACTOR
1. MAINTENANCE FACTOR
2. DEPRECIATION FACTOR
3. WASTE LIGHT FACTOR
4. ABSORPTION FACTOR
5. REFLECTION FACTOR
6. GLARE

Laws of illumination
TInverse square law:
The illumination of surface is inversely proportional to the square of

distance between source and light surface provided that the distance
between the surface and the source is sufficiently large no that source
can be regarded as a point source.
E=1/d^2
● This law states that the Illuminance (E) at any point

on a plane perpendicular to the line joining the point
and source is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between the source and plane.
●

Lambert's cosine law :-
It states that when light fall obliquely on a surface, the illumination of the
surface id directly proportional to the cosine of the angle theta between
the direction of incident light and surface normal. the law is known as
cosine emission law or Lambert's emissions law . Reference:

● The law states that Illuminance at a point on a plane is
proportional to the cosine of the angle of light incident
(the angle between the direction of the incident light and
the normal to the plane).
● It is the point source Illuminance equation.

● Where, Iθ is the luminous intensity of the source in the
direction of the illuminated point, Ɵ is the angle between
the normal to the plane containing the illuminated point
and the line joining the source to the illuminated point,
and d is the distance to the illuminated point.

Suppose a source is present with luminous intensity I in any direction. From this
source two distances are taken as the radius making this source as centre.
As per the above figure, the two radiuses are r1 and r2. At distance r1 dA1 is
the elementary surface area taken. In this direction of dA1, dA2 is considered at
r2 distance.
dA1 and dA2 are within same solid angle Ω with same distributed luminous flux
Φ.
Area dA1 at r1 receives the same amount of luminous flux as area dA2 at r2 as
the solid are the same.

The Cosine Law of Illuminance
● The law states that Illuminance at a point on a plane is

proportional to the cosine of the angle of light incident (the
angle between the direction of the incident light and the
normal to the plane).
● It is the point source Illuminance equation.

● Where, Iθ is the luminous intensity of the source in the
direction of the illuminated point, Ɵ is the angle between
the normal to the plane containing the illuminated point
and the line joining the source to the illuminated point, and
d is the distance to the illuminated point.
Illumination entities
● The light entity is a dynamic real-time light that
can be used to light a scene.
● For indoor areas it is essential to place proper
lighting as the sun light does not light the
interiors well. The light intensity of a light
entity falls off linearly to the border of its
radius.

The Light entity can be found in Rollup Bar -> Entity ->
Lights.
● Light Properties
● Negative Lights and Darkening Areas
● Attenuation and Fall Off
● Ambient Lights

Ambient Light Off

Ambient Light On

Additional Light Off

1. light_omni (point lights)

○ Useful for quick, lazy lighting for your map when you
want to test it
○ For ceiling lights, wall lights, etc.
1. light_spot (spotlights)
○ Convincing and real-looking spot lighting, easily
customisable
2. light_ortho (straight, orthographic lighting)
○ Used for something like forced light creeping out of a
window or anything

computer generated abstract background, 3D rendering

Photometry
In Standardizing the light sources and luminaries using them and in
assessing the adequacy of lighting for various tasks it has been necessary
to developed a Scientific system for a measurement of light which is
known as PHOTOMETRY.
Equipments
1. Optical bench
2. Photometer heads (Mirror photometer)
3. Integrating sphere (measurement of MSCP)
4.

Radiometric and Photmetric
Radiometry
- Radiant Flux
- Radiant Intensity
- Irradiance
- Radiance
Radiometry is the detection and measurement of light

waves in the optical portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum which is further divided into ultraviolet, visible,
and infrared light.

Radiometric
Quantity Symbol Unit
Radiant power Φe W
Radiant Ie w/sr
Intensity
Irradience Ee w/m2
Radience Le w/m2-sr

photometry
Photometry
- luminous Flux
- luminous Intensity
- Illuminance
- luminance
All light measurement is considered radiometry with

photometry being a special subset of radiometry weighted
for a typical human eye response.

Quantity Symbol Unit
Luminous Flux Φv Lumens
Luminus Intesity Iv I/sr
Illuminance Ev Im/m2
Luminance Lv Im/m2-sr

Radiometric and photometric standards
QUANTITY RADIOMETRIC
PHOTOMETRIC
Power W Lumen (lm) =
cd·sr
Power Per Unit W/m2 Lux (lx) =
Area cd·sr/m2 = lm/m2
Power Per Unit W/sr Candela (cd)

Solid Angle
Power Per Unit W/m2·sr cd/m2 = lm/m2·sr

Area Per Unit = nit
Solid Angle
Photometric measurement procedure
Refer R.K Rajput book
● CRI
● CCT
● GLARE
● (GIVEN IN WRITING)

Solid-State Lighting: Drivers for LED lamps
In chapter 2 PPT

Thank you.


Lec 1 - Module 1

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LIGHTNING SYSTEM DESIGN

Whatsapp Group Invite Link -

St. Francis Institute of Technology LSD

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology LSD

θ = Arc / Radius (Radiance)

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

TInverse square law:

The illumination of surface is inversely proportional to the square of

● This law states that the Illuminance (E) at any point

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Lambert's cosine law :-

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

● It is the point source Illuminance equation.

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

● The law states that Illuminance at a point on a plane is

● It is the point source Illuminance equation.

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

1. light_omni (point lights)

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Radiometry is the detection and measurement of light

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Quantity Symbol Unit

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

All light measurement is considered radiometry with

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Quantity Symbol Unit

Luminous Flux Φv Lumens

Luminus Intesity Iv I/sr

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

Radiometric and photometric standards

Power Per Unit W/sr Candela (cd)

Power Per Unit W/m2·sr cd/m2 = lm/m2·sr

Refer R.K Rajput book

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

St. Francis Institute of Technology Electric Traction

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