A system is a set of interconnected components

that are interacting to form a unified whole.

 Geosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Atmosphere
 Biosphere
How do the subsystems
interact in this figure?
It refers to the
rocks, minerals, and
geologic landforms
on Earth.
The geosphere includes the rocks of the crust and mantle,
the metallic liquid outer core, and the solid metallic inner
core.

Plate Tectonics serve as an important process in shaping

Earth’s surface. The primary driving mechanism of this
process is the is the internal heat of the Earth, such as the
mantle convection.
It refers to the
totality of water on
Earth.
About 70% of the Earth is covered with water and much of
it is in the form of ocean water.

Only 3% of Earth’s water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form

of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in streams,
lakes, and groundwater.
It refers to a thin
gaseous layer that
envelopes the
geosphere.
 The present atmosphere is composed of 78%
Nitrogen (N), 21% Oxygen (O2), 0.9% Argon, and
trace amount of gases.

One of the most important processes by which the

heat on the Earth’s surface is redistributed is through
atmospheric circulation.
It refers to all life
forms on Earth.
 It covers all ecosystems – from soil to
rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs,
and from plankton-rich ocean surface to the
deep sea.
For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the food chain
comprises photosynthetic organisms.

During photosynthesis, CO2 is sequestered from the

atmosphere, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. The
biosphere is a CO2 sink, and therefore, an important part of
the carbon cycle.
How do the subsystems interact
in this figure?