Lesson 1.

NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION
A. OVERVIEW ON THE COMMUNTY-BASED CORRECTIONS
Overcrowded jails and prison facility are a major problem
of our criminal justice system. The government cannot afford to
lock up all convicted persons despite the public clamor for such
action. Society has all the reasons to stay away from convicted
persons, but this may turn convicts toward the commission of
crime again.
Non-Institutional corrections or community-based
corrections are considered the best alternative for
imprisonment. It is defined S method of rehabilitating
convicted felons without a need of placing them into jail or
prison facilities. It likewise refers to any sanctions in which
offenders serve all or a portion of their sentence in the
community. Th idea behind non- institutional correction
programs is the most offenders can be effectively held
accountable for their crimes while they fulfill legitimate living
standards in the community. Most offenders do not pose an
imminent danger to themselves or to others and can therefore
remain in the community to maintain relationships.
Punishing offenders living in the community confers
several benefits, to wit:
a) The offender remains in the community where in he or she
has responsibilities. He/She can continue his legitimate
sources of income to support himself and his family, and he
will pay taxes;
b) Offenders under non institutional correction are more likely
than prison- bound inmates to compensate their victims
through restitution or to pay back the community through
community service; and
c) Non-institutional corrections programs do not expose
offenders to the subculture of violence existing in jails and
prisons
 B. COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTION PROGRAMS

1. PROBATION - a disposition, under which the defendant, after

conviction and sentence, is released subject to the conditions
imposed by the Court and to the supervision of a probation officer.
(Section 6, PD 968)
- a privileged granted by the court to a person convicted of
a criminal offense to remain the communty instead of actually going
to prison/ jail. (Atty. Manuel Co)

2. PAROLE - a conditional release from a prison of a convicted

person upon service of the minimum of his indeterminate penalty.

3. PARDON - is a form of executive clemency which is

exercised exclusively by the CHIEF EXECUTIVE.

GOVERNMENT ENTITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR COMMUNITY-BASED

CORRECTION
I. Parole and Probation Administration
- conducts investigations of all cases in relation to parole, probation, and
pardon
- responsible for the supervision of all parolees, probationers, an
conditional pardonees

II. Board of Pardons and Parole

- empower to grant parole
- responsible for recommending the grant of pardon and executive
clemency to the President

III. Department of Social Welfare and Development

- handles cases of Child in Conflict with the Law

EXPECTED ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTIONS

a) Unbroken Family Relationships- The treatment and rehabilitation of
convicted offender is done outside the institutional facilities, hence,
family members will stay together.
b) Avoidance of Influence Contamination- Putting a convicted felon in
reason may expose him to hardened criminals who might influence
him to be a more hardened criminal.
c) Community Involvement- Rehabilitation can be more effective with
the help of the members of the community.
d) These programs provide individualized treatment programs for the
offender which is hard to attain in a correctional institution.
e) Less cost on the part of the Government

GOALS OF CBC:
1. Facilitating Offender Reintegration
2. Fostering Offender rehabilitation
3. Providing an Alternative Range of Offender Punishments
4. Providing and Alternative Range of Offender Punishments
5. Heightening Offender Accountability

FUNCTIONS OF CBC:
1. Client Monitoring and Supervision to ensure program compliance.
2. Ensuring public safety
3. Employment assistance
4. Individual and group counseling
5. Educational Training and literacy services
6. Networking with other community agencies and businesses
7. Reducing jail and prison overcrowding

C. ETYMOLOGY OF THE “PROBATION”

 The term probation is from the Latin verb “probare” which mean
to prove or to test. It is a term coined by John Augustus.
 The term probation is also mean for “probation” which mean
testing period by Frederick Rainier.
ORIGIN OF PROBATION
D. PIONEERS AND FOUNDERS OF PROBATION
HISTORY OF PROBATION IN THE PHILIPPINES