P A G B I L A O A C A D E M Y, I N C .

Pagbilao, Quezon, Philippines

THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON SAFE SEX AMONG THE SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF PAGBILAO ACADEMY INC.

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School Students of Pagbilao Academy Inc.

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Inquiries Investigation Immersion of General Academic Strand

Samson Baby joy

Zaide Kiarra

Rosales Jhadelry

Pring Khier

Sto. Domingo Andrew

Tina Mark Ian

June 2023
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Pagbilao, Quezon, Philippines

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign

According to advocatesforyouth.org( 2014), sex education is the provision of

information about fleshly development, coitus, fornication, and connections, along with chops-

structure to help youthful people communicate about and make informed opinions regarding

coitus and their sexual health. coitus education should do throughout a pupil’s grade situations,

with information applicable to scholars ’ development and artistic background. It should include

information about puberty and reduplication, abstinence, contraception and condoms,

connections, sexual violence fore stallment, body image, gender identity and sexual exposure. It

should be tutored by trained preceptors. coitus education should be informed by substantiation of

what works best to help unintended gestation and sexually transmitted infections, but it should

also admire youthful people’s right to complete and honest information. coitus education should

treat sexual development as a normal, natural part of mortal development.

According to Strasbourgh (2020), Sexuality is an integral part of human life.

Children and young people have the right to receive reliable, science-based and comprehensive
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information about it. Yet, sexuality education in schools is a sensitive issue. Ever since it was

first introduced in European school curricula in the 1970’s, parents, religious leaders and

politicians have been arguing, often in highly polarised debates, about how much, and what

should be taught at what age. Many Council of Europe member states have made considerable

progress over the last decades towards delivering such education and improving its content so

that it goes beyond biology and reproduction and truly equips children with knowledge about

their bodies and their rights, and informs them about gender equality, sexual orientation, gender

identity and healthy relationships (an approach often referred to as comprehensive sexuality

education). The benefits of sexuality education, when comprehensive, go far beyond information

on reproduction and health risks associated with sexuality. Sexuality education is essential to

prevent and combat sexual abuse against children, sexual violence and sexual exploitation. The

Council of Europe Convention on Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual

Abuse (“the Lanzarote Convention”) requires from states that they “ensure that children, during

primary and secondary education, receive information on the risks of sexual exploitation and

sexual abuse, as well as on the means to protect themselves, adapted to their evolving capacity.”

The Lanzarote Committee, in charge of monitoring the implementation of the Convention,

stressed for example that the school environment was particularly appropriate to inform about

the widespread problem of sexual abuse against children within the family framework or in their

“circle of trust.

In the composition ofeducation.vic.gov.au( 2021), the term fornication education

reflects the approach our seminaries take in covering the numerous areas of this content,

including fastening on love, abstinence, safer coitus, respect for others and oneself, diversity,
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particular rights and liabilities, connections and effective communication, decision- timber and

threat actions. The use of the word fornication in fornication education is preferred to the

traditional term coitus education which has come synonymous with education simply

concentrated on the biology of coitus – ‘ the catcalls and the notions ’. fornication education is an

essential class element of the puritanical Essential literacy norms. preceptors assess pupil

achievement against the literacy norms within the Health and Physical Education sphere.

Waller (2021), wrote in her article that you walk into your on-campus school-

based health center (SBHC) to check-in for your appointment, and you see a bowl of

contraceptives right next to the admissions desk. You know that you need them for this Friday

night, but you are too afraid to take them because of the stares you might receive from other

peers or health professionals. Why are you scared to take them? Is it because you don’t want

people to know you are having sex? Is it because you feel a sense of shame or embarrassment?

Students are walking in and out of SBHCs daily without the resources they need to prevent teen

pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). I have seen the need from my peers for

these contraceptives while I am in the health center. Although the issue seems more prevalent on

college campuses, the truth is that it starts in high school. The lack of sexual health education

and resources on high school campuses impacts individuals as they move on to college. The

main difference from high school to college is that students now have more freedom.

According to cupidlimites.com (2021), sex education is the activity of offering

knowledge about sex & sexuality. It helps to gain the information to make healthy decisions

about sex & sexuality. It also includes teaching & learning about the new things related to sex.

Sex Education also helps to manage our sexual health. Sex education must be given under the
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guidance of trained educators. And it should cover topics like what, when, how about

relationships, sexual identity, body language, decision making, contraceptive methods, and

sexually transmitted infections (STIs). But still, at this age, the topic is so sensitive. In many

conservative communities, the topic is discussed in a hesitant way & one can’t discuss it openly

with their parents or educators.

Why the sex education for teens is important? Because of religious boundaries,

many communities can’t give sex education to teens. Providing Sex Education to adolescents is

as important as teaching the other topic. It helps to navigate the relationship in teenagers.

Because of inconsistent laws & policies too many youngsters are not getting precise sex

education.

In the article of plannedparenthood.org (2023), Sex education is designed to help

young people gain the information and chops they need to make the stylish opinions for

themselves about coitus and connections throughout their lives. Does Sex Education Work?

coitus education gives youthful people the knowledge and chops they need for a continuance of

good sexual health. They learn how to have healthy connections, make informed opinions about

coitus, suppose critically about the world, be a good supporter to those who are marginalized,

and love themselves for who they are. exploration shows that coitus education that’s culturally

responsive and inclusive helps youthful people develop the social and emotional chops they need

to come caring and compassionate grown-ups. This type of coitus education beforehand and

frequently leads to appreciation of sexual diversity, courting and intimate mate violence
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forestallment, development of healthy connections, forestallment of child coitus abuse, bettered

social/ emotional literacy, and increased media knowledge. It also helps youthful people avoid

unintended gravidity and sexually transmitted infections( STIs). coitus education works best

when it’s Taught by trained professionals, tutored beforehand and frequently throughout the

lifetime, includes both information and skill- structure conditioning, substantiation- informed,

Inclusive of LGBTQ youth, embedded inanti-racism practices, Trauma- informed, Acclimated to

the requirements of the community.

According to the article of Bosky (2023), Sexual education in public schools aims

to provide accessible, accurate, inclusive, and positive information to children and adolescents.

The goal is to teach young people how to have healthy sexual relationships and avoid sexually

transmitted infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancies. Research has shown that abstinence-

only education does not work. Pregnancy prevention and safe sex education must start young but

should be lifelong.Research has consistently shown that abstinence-only sex education does not

affect the rates at which teenagers decide to have sex. Since the primary purpose of abstinence-

only education is to prevent sexual activity among teenagers, it is clear that the teaching does not

work. One problem with abstinence-only education is that it denies teenagers the chance to learn

about acceptable options other than abstinence. No form of sex education has been shown to

convince teenagers not to have sex effectively. Caregivers, educators, and other influential adults

in a young person’s life must support them and promote their health and well-being. This should

happen even when a young person doesn’t conform to certain standards of behavior, be it around

sexuality or something else.

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Local

According to borgenproject.org (2020), The general purpose of sex education is to

inform youth on topics including sex, sexuality and bodily development. Quality sex education

leads to better prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies.

Additionally, it reduces the risk of unsafe sex and promotes responsible family planning. To

combat problems such as overpopulation, high teenage pregnancy rates and rising HIV, the

Philippines is slowly introducing sex education and contraceptive use. The Philippines passed

the Responsible Parenting and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH Act) after a 14-year wait.

With this law, the government included sex education in the public school curriculum for

students from the age of 10 to her 19. The Philippines also funded free or subsidized

contraceptives in health centers and public schools. The government passed the RH Act in

response to many health issues affecting the country, including infant mortality, pregnancy-

related deaths, and rising HIV/AIDS cases. Additionally, her teenage pregnancies are common in

the Philippines, with 9% of women beginning childbirth between the ages of 15 and 19.

In the article of Joven (2021), she asked, so do we actually have sex education in our

schools? Yes. In fact, the Department of Education (DepEd) has rolled out a Comprehensive

Sexuality Education (CSE) K to 12 Curriculum Guide starting with regions 1, 7, and 11 —

regions with the supposed highest rate of teen pregnancy. Accompanying the curriculum are

DepEd teacher trainings on CSE. But lesson plans aren’t enough, and the government has

acknowledged this by aiming to link classroom lessons to actual reproductive health

interventions in community facilities. To combat the continuous rise of teenage pregnancy rates
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in the country, President Rodrigo Duterte enacted Executive Order (EO) 141,It prioritizes the

implementation of measures to combat teenage pregnancy in the country and mobilizes

government agencies to this end.

In the article of Bautista (2022), Sex education is a highly sensitive matter

in the Philippines. The mere mention of it triggers opponents to go on long-winded

tirades about moral decadence. They say that sex education teaches children how to have

sex (teachers aren’t out there flat-out telling students to “go forth and procreate,” okay?).

Some argue that it threatens the sacred foundation of marriage (not things like, you know,

infidelity and marital abuse). And many still believe that sex is an inappropriate topic for

conversation, much less a subject to be taught in educational institutions. ‘

According to Gregorio (2023), The Department of Education expressed

Tuesday its support for proposals in theSenate to make comprehensive fornication

education( CSE) mandatory in all situations of introductory education and formalized in

a shot to check teenage gestation. The DepEd said in its position paper read out before

the Senate women and children panel that these bills “ will surely help break the patient

taboo on agitating adolescent fornication and reproductive health and ease the social

smirch attached to it. ” ” It also backed safeguards against non- compliance, which the

bills wish to put by making the provision and delivery of CSE as a criterion for the

delegation of seminaries. The department also hailed the bills for seeking to dictate CSE

to be “ medically-accurate, rights- grounded, inclusive and non-discriminatory towards

LGBT adolescents. ” “ It'll allow introductory education learners to get the right

information, gain a better understanding of their rights and reduce demarcation against
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and indeed bullying of fellow learners who come pregnant or belong to marginalized

groups similar as LGBT and Indigenous Peoples, ” the DepEd said. Three bills in the

Senate, independently filled by Sens. Risa Hontiveros, Imee Marcos and Ramon Bong

Revilla Jr., seek to address the problem of teenage gestation in the country, which former

President Rodrigo Duterte called a “ public precedence ” in an administrative order

issued in 2021.

In the article of Ballecer (2023), the Philippine Population Commission

(PopCom) has expressed concern over the registered increase of pregnancies among girls

aged 10 to 14 years in 2022, despite seeing some improvement on teen birth rates for

adolescents between 15 to 19 years old. The University of the Philippines Population

Institute (UPPI), meanwhile, reported that fertility rates among teenagers decreased from

13.7 percent in 2013 to 6.8 percent in 2021. Regardless, some experts and groups

advocating to stop teenage pregnancies find these numbers alarming. Plan International

Philippines, a non-government organization that promotes the welfare of children, is

calling for the proper implementation of the comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to

help young men and women develop a sense of responsibility when engaging in acts of

physical intimacy. Data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) showed that in

2020, there were 2,113 pregnancies recorded for preadolescent girls. The Department of

Health (DOH) saw this figure even rise to 2,354 in 2021 although it slightly declined to

2,299 early childbearing cases the following year.

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According to ipl.org (2023), We have ever been to the streets and noticed a

young woman carrying a baby. It’s such a challenge that the woman is facing, the father of the

baby, and probably their parents. I always think what if they got acquired an education about

sexuality then maybe they would have made a better decision. In the Philippines, sex education

is still a hot debate on whether it will be implemented or not. It was opposed by some religious

groups, who claimed that sex education encourages teenagers to be sexually active and they will

be immoral. Philippines is a Catholic country, the center of Christianity in Asia. More than 86

percent of the inhabitants are mainly Christians. Social problems still exist such as prostitution

which remains strong, high figures of unwanted pregnancy, fast population growth rate, and the

increasing alarming rate of HIV.

In the article of pids.gov.ph (2023), State think tank Philippine Institute for

Development Studies (PIDS) disproved arguments against the sex education provision of the

Reproductive Health (RH) Bill in a paper written by Michael Abrigo and Vicente Paqueo. Critics

of the RH bill have lobbied that age-appropriate health and sex education in schools will lead

young people to have sex much earlier and will increase rates of sexual activity. Abrigo and

Pacqueo cited studies showing not only the lack of evidence for these claims but also the

evidence for the opposite. Evidence from studies and surveys by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg

School of Public Health, the Medical University of South Carolina, the Research Institute for

Tropical Medicine, the University of California, and the Philippine Statistics Authority all

support the efficacy of sex education in delaying sexual initiation among young people. Abrigo

and Paqueo noted that reproductive health and sex education do not raise adolescent population’s

sexual desires, but inhibits them. In addition, they argued that sex education also makes young
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adults more sexually responsible by using condoms, which lowers the risks of spreading sexually

transmitted infections. Studies show that sex education keeps young people informed and

enables them to delay engaging in sexual activities to a much later age. Women who have sex

and get pregnant at a much earlier age than their peers tend to attain lower levels of education.

REFERENCES:

Advocatesforyouth.org (2014). “Sexuality Education” Retrieved on May 24, 2023 from

https://www.advocatesforyouth.org/resources/fact-sheets/sexuality-education-2/
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Ballecer (2023). “Sex Education Not Enough, Better Collaborative Efforts To Combat Teen

Pregnancy Pushed” Retrived on May 25, 2023 from https://www.onenews.ph/articles/sex-

education-not-enough-better-collaborative-efforts-to-combat-teen-pregnancy-pushed

Bautista (2022). “Whatever Happened to Sex Education in the Philippines?” Retrived on

May 25, 2023 from https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/notes-and-essays/sex-education-

high-teenage-pregnancy-rates-problem-philippines-a2836-20221019-lfrm2

Borgenproject.org (2020). “SEX EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES” Retrieved on May

25, 2023 from https://borgenproject.org/sex-education-in-the-philippines/

Bosky (2023). “The Benefits of Sexual Education in Schools” Retrieved on May 24, 2023

from https://www.verywellhealth.com/support-comprehensive-education-schools-3133083.

Cupidlimites.com (2021). “IMPORTANCE OF SEX EDUCATION IN TODAY’S

SCENARIO” Retrived on May 24, 2023 from

https://www.cupidlimited.com/blog/importance-of-sex-education-in-todays-scenario/

Education.vic.gov.au (2021). “Sexuality education for parents” Retrived on May 24, 2023

from https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/

physed/Pages/forparents.aspx
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Gregorio (2023). “DepEd backs making sex education compulsory, standardized” Retrived

on May 25, 2023 from

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/02/07/2243236/deped-

backs-making-sex-education-compulsory-standardized/amp/

Ipl.org (2023). “Importance Of Sex Education In The Philippines” Retrieved on May 25,

2023 from https://www.ipl.org/essay/Importance-Of-Sex-Education-In-The-Philippines-

FCVUZJ3XG

Joven (2021). “Do we actually have sex ed in Philippine schools?” Retrived on May 24,

2023 from http://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/Education/2021/11/5/sex-education-

philippine-schools.html

Plannedparenthood.org (2023). “What Are the Goals of Sex Education?” Retrieved onay

24, 2023 from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/for-educators/what-are-goals-sex-

education-youth

Strasbourgh (2020). “Comprehensive sexuality education protects children and helps build

a safer, inclusive society” Retrieved on May 24, 2023 from

https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/comprehensive-sexuality-education-protects-

children-and-helps-build-a-safer-inclusive-society
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Waller (2021. “The Lack of Sex Education and Why It Needs to Change” Retrieved on

May 24, 2023 from https://www.sbh4all.org/2021/03/the-lack-of-sex-education-and-why-it-

needs-to-change