3 Straight Lines

SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 3.
STRAIGHT LINES
1
WELCOME
STAR 'QR CODE'
DIGITAL MATERIAL
- Q
STRAIGHT LINES-INDEX
1. STRAIGHT LINES-I
2. STRAIGHT LINES-II
A R 02 - 03
04 - 05
T
3. STRAIGHT LINES-III 06 - 08
S
4. STRAIGHT LINES- V 09 - 13
5. LEVEL-II VSAQ, SAQ, LAQ 14 - 21
3. STRAIGHT LINES SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
2
LEVEL-I
STRAIGHT LINES-I
1. Find the slope of the line passing through the points(p, q),(q, p),(pq ¹ 0)
Sol: Slope of the line passing through A(x1,y1)=(p, q) and B(x2,y2)=(q, p) is
y1 y 2 q ( p) qp
m 1
x1 x 2 p q ( p q )

2. If the linear equations ax+by+c=0 (a,b,c¹0) and lx+my+n=0 represent the same
l n
line and r , write the value of r in terms m and b.
a c
Q
Sol: If ax+by+c=0 and lx+my+n=0 represent the same line
-
l m n m
then the corresponding coefficients are proportional r ?r
a b c b
R

3. If the product of the intercepts made by the straight line xtana+yseca = 1,
A
§ ·
¨© 0 d ¸ , on the co-ordinates axes is equal to sina, find a.
2¹
T
x y
Sol: Given line is x tana+yseca = 1 1
cot D cos D
S
§ cos D ·
Product of intercepts is sina Þ(cota)(cosa) = sina ¨ ¸ (cos D ) sin D
© sin D ¹
§ S·
0dD
cos 2 D sin 2 D ta n 2 D 1 Þtana = ±1 Þa = 45 , ¨© ¸ 0
2¹

x y
4. The line = 1 meets the X-axis at P. Find the equation of the line perpendicular
a b
to this line at P. Y-axis
>
x y (1)
Sol : Equation of the given line is 1 ..........(1)
a b
O
>
>
P X-axis
.
x
Equation of X-axis is y=0 Þ 0 1 x a ÞP=(a,0) (2)
a
>
x y
From (1), Equation of the line perpendicular to the given line is k .......(2)
b a
a a
If this line pass through P(a,0) then 0 kk
b b
x y a
\ From (2), the equation of the required line is
b a b
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 3. STRAIGHT LINES
3
5. If the sum of the reciprocals of the intercepts made by a variable straight line on
the axes of coordinates is a constant, then prove that the line always passes
through a fixed point.
x y 1 1
Sol: Equation of the line in the intercept form is 1 (x) (y) 1.........(1)
a b a b
But sum of the reciprocals is a constant k
1 §¨ ·¸ §¨ ·¸ 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ k ...........(2)
a b ak bk a©k¹ b©k¹
1 1
Comparing (1) and (2) we get x and y
k k
§1 1·
Q
\(1) always pass through the fixed point ¨ , ¸
©k k¹
-

6. Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to a variable straight
line which always passes through a fixed point (a,b).
R
Sol: Given the variable straight line L=0 passes through the fixed point A(a,b).
Let P(x1,y1) be a point on the locus.
A
Then P(x1,y1) is the foot of the perpendicular from the P(x1,y1)
.A(a,b)
T
origin to the line.
O(0,0)
Here AP A OPÞSlope of AP ´Slope of OP= 1 L=0
S
§ y b ·§ y1 0 · § yl b ·§ y1 · y 2 by1
¨ l ¸¨ ¸ 1 ¨ ¸¨ ¸ 1 1 1 y12 by1 (x12 ax1 )
© x1 a ¹© x1 0 ¹ © x1 a ¹© x1 ¹ x12 ax1
x12 y12 ax1 by1 0

\Equation of locus of P(x1,y1) is x2+y2axby=0

7. Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices P(2,2) Q(6,1) and R(7,3). Find
the equation of the straight line passing through (1,1) and parallel to the median PS.
Sol: Given that P(2,2) Q(6,1), R(7,3) are the vertices of DPQR and PS is a median.
§ 6 7 1 3 · § 13 ·
Þ S is the mid point of QRÞS= ¨ , ¸ ¨ ,1¸
© 2 2 ¹ ©2 ¹
1 2 1 2
Slope of PS
13 9 9
2
2 2
\ Equation of the parallel line passing through (1,1) with slope 2/9 is
2
y 1 (x 1) 9y 9 2x 2 0 2x 9y 7 0
9
4
STRAIGHT LINES-II
8. Find the points on the line 4x3y10=0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the
point (1,2).
Sol: Here, P(x1,y1)=(1, 2), |r|=5,
Slope of the line 4x3y10=0 is m= §¨

4 · 4
¸
© 3 ¹ 3
4 3 4
m tan T c os T , sin T
3 5 5
... The required points are given by (x1±rcosq, y1±rsinq)
§ §3· § 4 ··
= ¨1 5 ¨ ¸ , 2 5 ¨ ¸ ¸ (1 3, 2 4) (4, 2)
© ©5¹ © 5 ¹¹
Q
§ § 3· § 4 ··
-
and ¨1 5 ¨ ¸ , 2 5 ¨ ¸ ¸ (1 3, 2 4) (2, 6)
© ©5¹ © 5 ¹¹
\ The required points are (4,2) and (2,6)
R

9. A straight line is parallel to the line y 3x passes through Q(2,3) and cuts the line
A
2x+4y27=0 at P then find the length of PQ.
T
y-axis
Sol: Slope of the given line y 3x is 3 ^
L2
L1
S
Þ Slope of the line (L1) PQ is m 3
P
tan T 3 tan 60º T 60º
Q
Let Q = (x1, y1) = (2, 3) and PQ = r < >
O x-axis
The parametric point on the line L1 which is
at a distance r from Q (2,3) is
P (x1 r cos T, y1 r sin T) (2 r cos 60º ,3 r sin 60º ) ^

§ §1· § 3 ·· § r r 3·
¨ 2 r ¨ ¸ ,3 r ¨¨ ¸
¸ ¸ ¨¨ 2 ,3 ¸
¨
© ©2¹ ¸
© 2 ¹¹ © 2 2 ¸¹
But the point P lies on the line(L2) 2x + 4y 27 = 0
§ r· § r 3· §4r· §6r 3·
2 ¨ 2 ¸ 4 ¨¨ 3 ¸¸ 27 0 2 ¨ ¸ 4 ¨¨ ¸¸ 27 0
© 2¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
(4 r) 2(6 r 3) 27 0 r 2r 3 4 12 27 0
r(1 2 3) 11 0 r(1 2 3) 11
5
10. The intercepts of a straight line on the axes of co-ordinates are a and b. If p is the
length of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to this line. Write the value of p in
terms of a and b.
x y
Sol: The equation of the line is 1
a b
bx ay
Þ 1 bx ay ab bx ay ab 0
ab
ab
The perpendicular distance from O(0,0)to the above line is p
a 2 b2
Q
a 2 b2 ab
p2
-
p
a 2 b2 a 2 b2

R
11. Line L has intercepts a and b on both axes of co-ordinates. When the axes are
rotated through a given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the same line L has
A
1 1 1 1
intercepts p and q on the transformed axes then prove that 2 + 2 = 2 + 2
a b p q
T
x y x y
Sol: Equation of the line with intercepts a,b is 1 1 0......(1)
a b a b
S
MAINS Q
If X,Y denote the coordinates of any point P(x,y) after rotation.
X Y X Y
The equation of the line with intercepts p,q is 1 1 0......(2)
p q p q
But distance is invariant under rotation of axes.

\ Perpendicular distance from the origin O(0,0) to (1) & (2) is same.
| 1| | 1| 1 1 1 1 1 1
?
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
2
1 1
2
1 a b p q2
2
2 2 2
a b p2 q 2 a b p q
6
STRAIGHT LINES-III
12. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of the
lines x+y+1 = 0 and 2xy+5 = 0 and containing the point (5,2).
MAINS Q
Semi Sol: The equation of any line passing through the point of intersection of the lines
EAM Q
x+y+1=0, 2xy+5=0 is (x+y+1)+ l(2xy+5)=0 . ............(1) ,lÎR
Substituing (5,2) in (1) we get l = 4/17.
4
(x y 1) (2x y 5) 0 17(x y 1) 4(2x y 5) 0
17
17x 17y 17 8x 4y 20 0 9x 21y 3 0 3x 7y 1 0

Q
13. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of 2x5y+1=0,
x3y4 = 0 and making equal intercepts on the axes.
-
EAM Q
Semi Sol: Solving 2x5y+1=0, x3y4=0 we get Point of intersection= (23, 9)
Let the intercepts made by the required line be a, a
R
x y
Then the equation of the line is 1 x y a
A
a a
But this line passes through (23, 9) Þ 23 9=a Þ a= 32
T
... Equation of the required line is x+y= 32 Þ x + y + 32 = 0

S
14. Find the perpendicular distance between the point of intersection of 3x+2y+4=0,
2x+5y1=0 and the line 7x+24y=15.
EAM Q
Semi Sol: Solving 3x+2y+4=0, 2x+5y1=0 we get Point of intersection= (2, 1)
The perpendicular distance from (2, 1) to the line 7x + 24y 15 = 0 is
7( 2) 24(1) 15 14 24 15 5 1

7 2 242 49 576 25 5

15. Determine whether or not the four straight lines with equations
x + 2y 3 = 0, 3x + 4y 7 = 0, 2x + 3y 4 = 0 and 4x + 5y 6 = 0 are concurrent.
Sol: First we solve the first two equations x + 2y 3 = 0 ............(1)
3x + 4y 7 = 0 ...........(2)
x y 1
2(7) (3)(4) 3(3) 1(7) 1(4) 2(3)
x y 1 x y 1
x 1, y 1
14 12 9 7 46 2 2 2
7
\ Point of intersection P=(1,1)
Substituting x=1, y=1 in 2x + 3y 4 = 0...........(3) we have 2(1)+3(1)-4 = 54 ¹ 0
... Lines (1),(2),(3) lines are not concurrent.
Substituting x=1, y=1 in 4x + 5y 6 = 0...........(4) we have 4(1)+5(1)-6 = 96 ¹ 0
... Lines (1),(2),(4) lines are not concurrent.
Hence the given four lines are not concurrent.

16. Show that the straight lines (ab)x+(bc)y=ca, (bc)x+(ca)y= ab, (ca)x+(ab)y=bc
are concurrent.
Sol: Let L1º(ab)x+(bc)y+(ac)=0...(1)
L2º(bc)x+(ca)y+(ba)=0...(2),
Q
L3º(ca)x+(ab)y+(cb)=0......(3)
-
Adding (1),(2) & (3) we have L1+L2+L3 = 1.L1+1.L2+1.L3
Þ[(ab)+(bc)+(ca)] x+[(bc)+(ca)+(ab)]y+[(ac)+(ba)+(cb)] = (0)x+(0)y+0=0
R
\ The given 3 lines are concurrent.
A
Applied Result:L1ºa1x+b1y+c1=0,L2ºa2x+b2y+c2=0,L3ºa3x+b3y+c3=0 are three lines
such that for non-zero roots l1,l2,l3,if l1L1+l2L2+l3L3=0 then the lines L1=0,L2=0,L3=0
T
are concurrent.

S
17. Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight lines 2x y 5 = 0, x 5y + 11= 0
and x + y 1 = 0.
Semi Sol: Given lines are 2x y 5 = 0 .... (1), x 5y + 11 = 0 .... (2), x + y 1 = 0 ....(3)
Solving (1) & (2),we get A = (4, 3)
Solving (1) & (3),we get B = (2, 1)
Solving (2) & (3),we get C = (1, 2)
The area of the triangle formed with the vertices A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) is
1
' | x1 (y 2 y3 ) x 2 (y3 y1 ) x 3 (y1 y 2 ) |
2
1 1 1
| 4(1 2) 2(2 3) 1(3 1) | | 4(3) 2(1) 1(4) | | 18 | 9 sq.units
2 2 2
8
18. Show that the straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y 4 = 0 and x + 3y 4 = 0 form an

isosceles triangle.
Sol: Given lines are x + y = 0........ (1),3x + y 4 = 0....... (2), x + 3y 4 = 0 ......(3)
If 'A' is the angle between (1),(2) then
| a1a 2 b1b2 | |1(3) 1(1) | 4 4 2 § 2 ·

cos A A Cos1 ¨ ¸
(a12 b12 )(a 22 b22 ) 2 2
(1 1 )(3 1 ) 2 2 (2)(10) 2 5 5 © 5¹
If 'B' is the angle between (2),(3) then
| a1a 2 b1b 2 | | 3(1) 1(3) | 6 6 3 §3·

cos B B Cos 1 ¨ ¸
Q
(a12 b12 )(a 22 b 22 ) 2 2
(3 1 )(1 3 ) 2 2 10 10 10 5 ©5¹
-
If 'C' is the angle between (1),(3) then
| a1a 2 b1b 2 | |1(1) 1(3) | 4 4 2 § 2 ·
cos C C Cos 1 ¨ ¸
R
(a12 b12 )(a 22 b 22 ) 2 2 2
(1 1 )1 3 2 2 10 2 5 5 © 5¹
Here A=C. So the given lines form an Isosceles triangle.
A

19. If the four straight lines ax+by+p=0, ax+by+q=0, cx+dy+r=0 and cx+dy+s=0 form
T
(p q)(r s)
a parallelogram, show that the area of the parallelogram so formed is
bc ad
S
Sol: Let L1=ax+by+p=0, L2=ax+by+q=0, L3=cx+dy+r=0, L4=cx+dy+s=0
Clearly L1|| L2 and L3 || L4.
d1d 2
If q is the angle between L1 and L3 then area of the parallelogram is D=
sin T
|pq|
Now d1= distance between L1 and L2 =
a 2 b2
|r s| L2
d2= distance between L3 and L4 =
c2 d 2 L3 L4
)q
| ac bd |
From L1 & L3, cos T L1
(a 2 b 2 )(c2 d 2 )
(a2 b2)(c2 d2) (ac bd)2 | bc ad|

sin T 1 cos2 T
2 2 2 2)
(a b )(c d (a2 b2)(c2 d2)
d1d 2 (p q)(r s)
\ Area of the parallelogram D=
sin T bc ad
9
STRAIGHT LINES-IV
LAQs on (Circumcentre, Orthocentre, Incentre)
20. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are ( 1,3), (0,2) and (3, 1)
Sol: Let S(x,y) be the circumcentre of the triangle ABC where A=(1,3), B=(0, 2), C=(3,1)
We know that SA=SB=SC i.e., SA=SB and SB=SC Þ SA2=SB2 and SB2=SC2
Now, SA2=SB2 Þ (x-1)2+(y-3)2=(x0)2+(y+2)2
Þ (x22x+1)+(y26y+9) = x2+(y2+4y+4)
Þ 2x10y+6=0Þ 2(x+5y3)=0Þ x+5y3=0 ....(1)
Q
Also SB2 = SC2 Þ (x0)2+(y+2)2=(x+3)2+(y1)2
-
Þx2+(y2+4y+4)=(x2+6x+9)+(y22y+1)Þ6x-6y+6=0Þ6(xy+1)=0 Þ xy+1=0 ....(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get S; x+5y3=0
R
x- y +1=0
6y4=0 Þ 6y=4 Þ y=2/3
A
2 2 23 1
(2) x 1 0 x 1
T
3 3 3 3
... the circumcentre of the given triangle is S (x,y) = (1/3, 2/3)

S
21. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are (1,0),(1,2),(3,2)
Sol: We take circumcentre as S(x,y) and vertices A=(1, 0), B=(1, 2), C=(3, 2), then
SA=SB=SC (' S is Equidistant from A,B,C)
Take, SA= SB Þ (x 1)2 +(y 0) 2 (x+1)2 +(y 2)2

Squaring on both sides we get (x1)2+(y-0)2=(x+1)2+(y2)2
( x 2 +1 2 x)+( y 2 ) = ( x 2 +1+2x)+( y 2 +4 4 y)
2x+1=2x 4y 5 4x 4y 4 0 x y 1 0 ..........(1)
Again take SB=SC
(x+1) 2 +(y 2)2 (x 3)2 +(y 2)2
Squaring on both sides we get (x+1) 2 +(y 2) 2 (x 3) 2 +(y 2) 2
( x 2 +1+2x)=( x 2 +9 6x) 8x 8 0 x 1 ...........(2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get S;
From (1), 1y+1=0 Þ y=2 \Circumcentre S(x,y) = (1, 2)
10
22. Find the orthocentre of the triangle whose sides are x+y+10=0, xy2=0, 2x+y7=0
Sol: Let x+y+10=0....(1), xy2=0 ....(2) , 2x+y7=0 .....(3)
represent the sides of DABC.
Let O be the orthocentre of DABC
First we find the equation of the altitude through A
Solving (1) and (2), we get A; x+y+10=0

x-y2=0
Q
x y 1 x y 1

2 10 10 2 1 1 8 12 2
-
x 4, y 6 ? A ( 4, 6)
R
The slope of the opposite side BC, 2x+y7=0 is -2
Þ the slope of its perpendicular is 1/2
A
The equation of the altitude passing through A(4,6) and with slope 1/2 is
T
y+6=(1/2)(x+4) Þ 2y+12= x+4=0 Þ x-2y8=0 .... (4)
S
Now, we find the equation of the altitude through B
Solving (1) & (3) we get B; x+y+10=0
2x+y7=0
x y 1 x y
1
7 10 20 7 1 2 17 27
x 17, y 27 ? B (17, 27)
The slope of the opposite side AC, x-y2=0 is 1
Þ the slope of its perpendicular is -1
The equation of the altitude through B(17,-27) and with slope -1 is y+27=-1(x-17)
Þ x+y+10=0 .....(5)
Solving (4) & (5) we get orthocentre O;

(4)(5) Þ 3y 18 =0 Þ3y = 18Þ y = 6
From (4), x =2y+8= 2(6)+8 = 12+8 = 4.
\ Orthocentre = (4, 6)
11
23. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are x+y+2=0,5xy2=0,x2y+5=0
Sol: Let x+y+2=0 .... (1), 5xy-2=0 .... (2), x2y+5=0....(3) represent the sides AB,BC,CA of
DABC respectively
Solving (1) & (3),we get A; x+y+2 = 0
x2y+5= 0
(1) (3) Þ 3y3 =0 Þ y=1
\ (1) Þ x+1+2=0 Þ x = 3 \ A=(3,1)
Solving (1) & (2),we get B; x+y+2=0
Q
5xy2=0
-
(1) + (2) Þ 6x = 0 Þ x=0
\ (1) Þ 0+y+2=0 Þ y = 2 \ B=(0,2)
R
Solving (2) & (3),we get C; x2y+5 = 0
A
(2) u 2 Þ 10x2y4 = 0
T
Þ 9x + 9 = 0 Þ 9x=9 Þ x=1
\ (3) Þ 12y+5=0 Þ 2y=6 Þ y=3 \ C=(1,3)
S
Let S(x,y) be the circumcentre of DABC with vertices A(3,1), B(0,2), C(1,3)
SA SB SA 2 SB2 (x 3)2 (y 1)2 (x 0)2 (y 2)2
(x 2 6x 9) (y 2 2y 1) x 2 (y 2 4y 4)
Þ 6x6y+6=0 Þ 6(xy+1)=0 Þ xy+1=0 ........(4)
Also SB SC SB2 SC 2 (x 0) 2 (y 2) 2 (x 1) 2 (y 3) 2
x 2 (y 2 4y 4) (x 2 2x 1) (y 2 6y 9)
Þ 2x+10y6=0 Þ 2(x+5y3)=0 Þ x+5y3=0 ........(5)
Solving (4) & (5) we get the circumcentre S; (4)(5)Þ 6y +4=0Þ 6y =4Þ y =2/3
2 2 23 1 § 1 2 ·
(4) x 1 0 x 1 \ the circumcentre DABC is S ¨ , ¸
3 3 3 3 © 3 3¹
12
24. Find the (i) circumcentre (ii) incentre of the triangle formed by the lines x=1, y=1
and x+y=1
EAM Q
Sol: Given lines and vertices of DABC are shown in the figure. y
<
Equation of AB is x+y=1 y=1 C (1,1)
Equation of AC is x=1 B
x=1
Equation of BC is y=1
< < x
Solving these equations we get O A (1,0)
A(x1,y1)=(1,0), B(x2,y2)=(0,1), C(x3,y3) =(1,1)
<
x=1
(i) Circumcentre: It is clear that DABC is a right angled triangle.
\ Circumcentre S = Mid point of the hypotenuse AB
1 0 0 1· § 1 1 ·
S §¨ , ¸ ¨ , ¸
Q
© 2 2 ¹ ©2 2¹
-
(ii) Also a=BC= (0 1)2 (1 1)2 1 0 1
b=CA= (1 1)2 (1 0)2
R
0 1 1
c=AB= (1 0)2 (0 1)2 11 2
A
§ ax1 bx 2 cx 3 ay1 by 2 cy3 ·
\Incenter of DABC is I ¨ , ¸
T
© abc abc ¹
ax1 bx 2 cx 3 1(1) 1(0) 2(1) 1 2 1 2 1
S
Now
abc 11 2 2 2 2( 2 1) 2
ay1 by 2 cy3 1(0) 1(1) 2(1) 1 2 1 2 1

and
abc 11 2 2 2 2( 2 1) 2
§ 1 1 ·
\Incenter I ¨ , ¸
© 2 2¹

25. Find the incenter of the triangle formed by the straight lines y 3x, y 3x , y=3
Sol: The straight lines y 3x and y 3x make angles 60º and 120º with x-axis.
y=3
Since y=3 is a horizontal line, the triangle formed by the given three )
)
x=0
lines is Equilateral. y 3x y 3x
)
So its Incenter(I) is same as the Centroid (G). O
It is at a distance of 2 units from the origin vertex. [ ' G divides the median in the ratio 2:1]
Incentre lies on the angular bisector y-axis.
\Incentre of the triangle is I=(0,2)
13
26. Find the incenter of the triangle formed by the straight lines.
x + 1 = 0, 3x 4y = 5 and 5x + 12y = 27
Sol: Given lines are x + 1 = 0 .... (1), 3x 4y 5 = 0 .... (2), 5x + 12y 27 = 0....(3)
Solving (1) & (2),we get A; x + 1 = 0Þ x= 1
Put x= 1 in 3x 4y 5 = 0 Þ 3(1) 4y 5 = 0Þ 4y= 8 Þ y= 2
? A ( 1, 2)
Solving (1) & (3),we get B; x + 1 = 0Þ x= 1
32 8
Put x= 1 in 5x + 12y 27 = 0 Þ 5(1) +12y 27 = 0Þ 12y=32 Þ y =
12 3
§ 8·
? B ¨ 1, ¸
Q
© 3¹
-
Solving (2) & (3),we get C;
3´(2) Þ 9x 12y 15 = 0..........(4)
R
(3) Þ5x + 12y 27 = 0
A
Adding (3) & (4) we have 14x42=0 Þ14x = 42Þx =3
Put x=3 in 3x 4y 5 = 0 Þ 3(3)4y5=0 Þ 4y=4 Þy=1
T
\ C= (3,1)
Vertices of DABC are A(x1 , y1 ) (1, 2), B(x 2 , y2 ) (1,8 / 3) and C(x 3 , y3 ) (3,1)
S
2 2
2 § 8· § 5 · 25 144 25 169 13
Now, a=BC = (3 1) ¨1 ¸ 42 ¨ ¸ 16
3 © ¹ © 3 ¹ 9 9 9 3
b=AC= (3 1)2 (1 2)2 42 32 16 9 25 5 A
§8 ·
2
§ 14 ·
2
14 (1) (2)
2
c=AB= (1 1) ¨ 2 ¸ ¨ ¸ c b
3 © ¹ © 3¹ 3
§ ax1 bx 2 cx 3 ay1 by 2 cy3 ·

\ Incenter of DABC is I ¨ , ¸¹ B C
© abc abc a (3)
§ 13 14 13 14 §8··
¨ (1) (3) 5(1) 3 (2) 3 (1) 5 ¨ 3 ¸ ¸
¨ 3 3 , © ¹¸ § 14 28 · § 1 2 ·
¨ 13 14 13 14 ¸ ¨ , ¸ ¨ , ¸
¨ 5 5 ¸ © 42 42 ¹ © 3 3 ¹
© 3 3 3 3 ¹
Find the incenter of the triangle formed by the straight lines.
x + y 7 = 0, x y + 1 = 0 and x 3y + 5 = 0 [Ans : (3,1 5)]
14
LEVEL -II PROBLEMS
27. Each side of a square is of length 4 units. The centre of the square is (3,7) and
one of its diagonals is parallel to y=x. Find the co-ordinates of its vertices.
Sol: Let ABCD be the square of side length 4 units.

D C
y=x
Point of intersection of the diagonals is the centre P(3,7)
P
Let M be the foot of the perpendicular from P on to AB. 135º
) 45º
)
Then M is the mid point of AB. \AM=MB=PM=2 A M B
Since a diagonal is parallel to y = x, its sides are parallel to the co-ordinate axes.
Now P=(3,7) ÞM= (3,72)=(3,5)
Now M= (3,5)Þ A=(32,5)=(1,5) and M= (3,5) Þ B= (3+2, 5)= (5,5)
Again A= (1, 5)Þ D(1, 5+4)= (1,9) and B= (5, 5)Þ C(5, 5+4)= (5,9)
Q
(or) Side of square a =4 diagonal d
-
2a 2(4)
4 2
A, C are at adistance 2 2 from the center P(3,7) .
2
R
Also y=xÞ m=1= tan 45º Þ q= 45º. Now A,C are given by the parametric equations
§ § 1 · § 1 ··
A
(x,y) = (x1 r rcosq,y1 r rsinq) ¨3 r 2 2 ¨ ¸ ,7 r 2 2 ¨ ¸¸ A (1,5), C (5,9)
© © 2¹ © 2 ¹¹
T
Also by taking q=135º we get B= (5,5), D=(1,9)

28. A ray of light passing through the point (1, 2) reflects on the X axis at a point A
S
and the reflected ray passes through the point (5, 3). Find the coordinates of A.
Sol: If the inclination of the line is q1 then inclination of its refelcted ray is q2 = (180ºq1)
Hence, if the slope of a ray is m then slope of its reflected ray is m
The equation of the ray passing through (1, 2) having the slope m is
y2 >

>
y 2 = m(x 1) m ...........(1) (1,2) (5,3)

)) )
x 1 > T1
)T
The equation of the reflected ray passing through (5, 3)
2
>
A x-axis
y3
having the slope m isy 3 = m(x 5) m .............(2)
5x
Solving (1) & (2) we get the point of reflection.
y2 y3
From (1) & (2),
x 1 5x
2 3
But A lies on the X axis. So put y=0 2(5x)=3(x1)
x 1 5x
13 § 13 ·
Þ10 2x = 3x 3 5x =13 x ? A ¨ ,0 ¸
5 ©5 ¹
15
29. Show that the origin is with in the triangle whose angular points are (2, 1) (3, 2)
and (4, 1). A
Semi Sol:Let the vertices of the triangle are A = (2, 1), B = (3, 2) , C = (4, 1)
Equation of the line passing through the points A(2,1), B(3, 2) is
y 1
2 1
(x 2) y 1 3(x 2) 3x y 7 0 O
32 B C
Similarly, equation of the line through the points B(3, 2), C(4, 1) is x 7y 11 0
Equation of the line passing through the points A(2, 1), C(4, 1) is x 3y 1 0
(i) Equation of the side AB is L = 3x + y 7 = 0...........(1)
Put C (4, 1) in (1) L11 = 3(4) 1 7 = 20 < 0
Put O (0, 0) in (1) L22 = 3(0) + 0 7 = 7 < 0
Q
Here L11, L22 have same signs. So the point C and Origin O lie on the same side of AB.
-
(ii) Equation of the side BC is L = x + 7y + 11 = 0...........(2)
Here L11, L22 have same signs. So the point A and Origin O lie on the same side of BC.
R
(iii) Equation of the side AC is L = x 3y + 1 = 0...........(3)
Here L11, L22 have same signs. So the point B and Origin O lie on the same side of AC.
A
From the above 3 cases we see that the origin lies on the same side of the sides AB, BC, CA
\ The origin lies with in the triangle ABC.
T
(or) If O is any point inside the triangle then verify that the sum of the areas formed by
DAOB, DBOC, DAOC = Area of DABC.
S

30. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the point (8, 2) and cuts posi-
tive co-ordinate axes at the points P and Q. Find the minimum value of OP+OQ as
L varies, when O is the origin.
Sol: Equation of the line passing through A(8, 2) with negative slope 'm' is y 2 = m(x 8)
y 2 = mx + 8m mx + y = 2 + 8m MAINS Q
mx y x y
1 1
2 8m 2 8m § 2 8m · (2 8m)
¨ ¸
© m ¹
2 8m
Here the X - intercept OP and the Y- intercept OQ = 2 + 8m
m
§ 2 8m ·
8 2 8m §¨ 8m·¸ 10
2 8m 2 2
?OP OQ ¨ ¸ (2 8m) 2 8m
© m ¹ m m m ©m ¹
§2 · § 2 · ab
Now ¨ 8m ¸ 10 t 2 ¨ ¸ (8 m ) 10 (' A.M t G.M t ab a b t 2 ab)
©m ¹ ©m¹ 2
2(4) 10 18
16
? OP OQ t 18 . Hence the minimum value of OP + OQ is 18
31. A straight line L is drawn through the point A(2, 1) such that its point of intersection
with the straight line x + y = 9 is at a distance of 3 2 from A. Find the angle
which the line L makes with the positive direction of the X-axis. x+
y=
Sol: Let P be the parametric point on the line AP. 9
The coordinate of A=(x1,y1)=(2,1) and AP=r= 3 2 P
A
Then P=(x1+rcosq, y1+rsinq) = (2+ 3 2 cos q, 1+ 3 2 sin q) O
But P also lies on the line x+y=9.
(2+3 2cos T) + (1+3 2sin T) = 9 3 2cos T + 3 2sin T = 9 3
6 2
3 2 (cosT +sin T) =6 cos q + sin q
3 2 2
Q
1 1 1 1
cos q + sin q= cos q = and sin q = q= 45º
2 2 2 2
-

32. Find the equation of the straight lines passing through (1, 1) and which are at a
distance of 3 units from (2, 3).
R
Sol: Let slope of the required line be m (2,3)

Equation of any line passing through A(1, 1) with slope
A
m is y 1 = m (x1)..........(1)
mx y + (1 m) = 0
T
But distance from B(2, 3) to the above line is 3 units.
(1,1)
| m(2) 3 (1 m) | | 3m 2 | 2
3 3 3 m 1 | 3m 2 |
S
m2 1 m2 1
5
9(m2 1) (3m 2)2 9m2 9 9m2 12m 4 12m 5 m (or)m f
12
\ The slope of the required line is 5/12 (or) f .
5 5
Equation of the line passing through (1, 1) with slope is y 1 (x 1)
12 12
12(y1)=5(x1) 12y12=5x5 5x12y+7=0
Also the equation of the vertical line passing through the point (1, 1) with slope f is x=1

33. Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of
the lines 3x + 2y + 4 = 0, 2x + 5y = 1 and whose distance from (2, 1) is 2.
Sol: The equation of any line passing through the point of intersection of
L1 º 3x + 2y + 4 = 0, L2 º 2x + 5y 1 = 0 is L1 + lL2 = 0, lÎR
(3x + 2y + 4) + l(2x + 5y 1) = 0 ............(1)
(3 + 2l)x + (2 + 5l)y + (4 l) = 0
The perpendicular distance from (2, 1) to the above line is 2
| (3 2O)2 (2 5O)(1) (4 O) | | 2O 8 |
? 2 2
(3 2O)2 (2 5O)2 (3 2O ) 2 (2 5O )2
2 | (O 4) | 2 (3 2O)2 (2 5O)2

17
( O 4) 2 (3 2O ) 2 (2 5O ) 2
l2 + 16 8l =(9 + 4l2+ 12l) + (4 + 25l2 + 20l) 28l2 + 40l 3 = 0
28l2 2l + 42l 3 = 0 2l(14l1)+3(14l1)=0 (2l + 3) (14l 1) = 0
3 1
2O 3 0(or)14O 1 0 O (or)O
2 14
3 3
(i) Put O in (1) then (3x + 2y + 4) (2x + 5y 1) = 0
2 2
2(3x + 2y + 4) 3(2x + 5y 1) = 0 11y +11 = 0 y 1 = 0
1 1
(ii) Put O in (1) then (3x + 2y + 4)+ (2x + 5y 1) = 0
14 14
14(3x + 2y + 4)+(2x + 5y 1) = 0 44x +33y +55 = 0 4x + 3y + 5 = 0

Q
34. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are given by 4x+5y=0, 7x+2y=0 and one
diagonal is 11x+7y=9. Find the equations of the remaining sides and the other diagonal.
-
Semi Sol:Given sides are L1=4x+5y=0........(1), L2=7x+2y=0........(2), diagonal L3=11x+7y=9........(3)
R
Solving (1) & (2) we get point of intersection O(0,0)
L3
§ 5 4 ·
Solving (1) & (3) we get A= ¨ , ¸ B
A
©3 3 ¹ C
§ 2 7 · L2 P
)q
T
Solving (2) & (3) we get B= ¨ , ¸
© 3 3¹ O L1 A
Points of intersection are O(0,0), A(5/3, 4/3), B(2/3, 7/3)
S
Mid point of AB is P= (1/2, 1/2) Þ Slope of OP is 1Þ Equation of OC is x = y.
Mid point of OC= P. Hence we get C=(1,1)
\Equation of side AC is 7x+2y9=0; Equation of side BC is 4x+5y9=0

35. Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the point (10, 4) and
making an angle q with the line x 2y = 10 such that tan q = 2.
Sol: Let slope of the required line be m
A(10,4)
a 1 1
The slope of the given line x 2y 10 = 0 is
b 2 2
m1 m 2 )q
The angle between the lines is q Þ tan q
1 m1m 2 B x 2y 10 0 C
2m 1
2 4(2 m) 2 (2m 1)2 4(4 m 2 4m) 4m 2 1 4m
2m
16 + 4m2 +16m = 4m2+14m 16m + 4m = 1 16 20m = 15 m = 3/4 & m = f
Equation of the other line passing through A(10, 4) with slope 3/4 is
3
y4= (x+10) 4(y4)=3(x+10) 4y16=3x30 3x+4y+14=0
4
Equation of the vertical line passing through the point A(10, 4) with slope f is x=10[...x=k]
18
36. The hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles triangle has its ends at the points (1,3)
and (4,1). Find the equations of the legs of the triangle.
Sol: Let A=(1,3) and B=(4,1) be the ends of hypotenuse AB of DABC & DABD.
HJJG HJJG HJJG HJJG
We require the equations of AC & BC ; AD & BD
HJJG
Let m be the slope of the side AC
HJJG 1 3 2
Slope of AB is
4 1 5 m 2 C
5
Angle between the lines is q=45º . Then tan 45º
1 2m
| 5m 2| 5m 2 5
1 r1 5m 2 r(5 2m)
| 5 2m| 5 2m
A )45º 45º)
B
7 3
(1,3) )45º
)
Þ 3m = 7 (or) 7m +3 = 0 m or 45º (4,1)
Q
3 7
Case (i): For DACB
-
HJJG 7 HJJG 3
If the slope of AC is , then the slope of BC will be . D
3 7
R
7 7
Equation of AC through A(1,3) with slopeis y 3 x 1
3 3
A
3(y 3) 7(x 1) 3y 9 7x 7 7x 3y 2 0
3
Equation of BC through B(4,1) with slope 3/7 is y 1x4
T
7
7(y 1) 3(x 4) 7y 7 3x 12 3x 7y 5 0
Case (ii): For DABD
S
3 7
If the slope of AD is then slope of BD is .
7 3 3
Equation of AD through A(1,3) with slope 3/7 is y 3 x 1
7
7(y 3) 3(x 1) 7y 21 3x 3 3x 7y 24 0
7
Equation of BD through B(4,1) with slope 7/3 is y 1 x4
3
3(y 1) 7(x 4) 3y 3 7x 28 7x 3y 31 0

37. A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths represented by the
equations 2x 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y 5 = 0 wants to reach the path whose equation
is 6x 7y + 8 = 0 in the least time. Find the equation of the path the he should follow.
Sol: The required path equation passes through the point of intersection of given two lines &
perpendicular to the other line.
Given lines are L1=2x 3y + 4 = 0 .. (1), L2=3x + 4y 5 = 0 .. (2), L3=6x 7y + 8 = 0 .(3)
Solving (1) & (2),we get P; 2x 3y + 4 = 0 ;
3x + 4y 5 = 0 L3
x y 1
L2
(3)(5) (4)(4) (4)(3) (2)(5) (2)(4) (3)(3) L1
19
x y 1 x y 1 1 22 § 1 22 ·
x ,y ?P ¨ , ¸
15 16 12 10 89 1 22 17 17 17 © 17 17 ¹
§ 1 22 ·
\The junction of two straight paths (1) & (2) is P ¨ , ¸
© 17 17 ¹
rd
Slope of the 3 line 6x 7y + 8 = 0 is 6/7 Slope of its perpendiculars is 7/6
§ 1 22 ·
\Equation of the line passing through P ¨ , ¸ with slope 7/6 is
© 17 17 ¹
22 7 § 1 · 17y 22 7 § 17x 1 ·
y ¨x ¸ ¨ ¸ 6(17y 22) 7(17x 1)
17 6 © 17 ¹ 17 6 © 17 ¹
102y 132 119x 7 119x 102y 125 0 .
This is the required equation of the path.
Q

-
38. A line is such that its segment between the lines 5x y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y 4 = 0
is bisected at the point (1, 5). Obtain its equation.
R
Sol: Given lines are L1º5xy+4 = 0 ............(1), L2º3x+4y4=0 ............(2)
Let A=(x1, y1) and B= (x2, y2)and P(1, 5) be the midpoint of the portion AB
A
Mid point of AB = P.
A P B
T
§ x x 2 y1 y 2 ·
?¨ 1 , (1,5) (1,5)
© 2 2 ¸¹
S
x1 x 2
1 x1 x 2 2 x2 2 x1 ..........(3)
2 L1
L2
y1 y 2
5 y1 y 2 10 y 2 10 y1 ...........(4)
2
But A(x1, y1) lies on the line 5x y + 4 = 0 5x1 y1 4 0 ..........(5)
Also B(x2, y2) lies on the line 3x+4y4=0 3x2 + 4y2 4 = 0
3(2x1) + 4(10y1)4=0 [' From (3) & (4)]
63x1 + 40 4y1 4 = 0 3x1 4y1 + 42 = 0 3x1 + 4y1 42 = 0 ..........(6)
Solving (5) & (6),we get A; 5x1 y1 + 4 = 0
3x1 + 4y1 42 = 0
x1 y1 1

(1)(42) (4)(4) (4)(3) (5)(42) (5)(4) (1)(3)
x1 y1 1 x y1 1 26 222 § 26 222 ·
1 x1 , y1 ?A ¨ , ¸
42 16 12 210 20 3 26 222 23 23 23 © 23 23 ¹
222 222 115

5
§ 26 222 · 23 23 107
Slope of the line through P (1,5) and A ¨ , ¸ is m
© 23 23 ¹ 26 26 23 3
1
23 23
20
107
\ Equation of the line passing through P(1,5) with slope is yy1=m(xx1)
3
107
y5 (x 1) 3(y5) = 107(x1) 3y15 = 107x 107
3
107x 3y 92 = 0

39. Prove that the feet of the perpendiculars from the origin on the lines x+y=4, x+5y=26
and 15x27y=424 are collinear.
Sol: Given lines x+y4=0....(1), x+5y26=0....(2), 15x27y424=0....(3)
Let P(x1,y1) be the foot of the perpendicular from (0,0) on x+y4=0
x 0 y1 0 (0 0 4) 4
1 2 (3)
Q
1 1 11 2 (1) D
-
Þx10=2, y10=2Þx1=2, y1=2
A (2) B
\ P=(2,2)
R
Let Q(x2,y2) be the foot of the perpendicular from (0,0) on x+5y26=0
A
x 0 y2 0 (0 0 26) 26
2 1
1 25
T
1 5 26
Þx2=1, y2=5 Þ Q=(1,5)
S
Let R(x3,y3) be the foot of the perpendicular from (0,0) on 15x27y424=0
x 0 y3 0 (0 0 424) 212 15 u 212 1060 27 u 212

3 x3 ; y3 12
15 27 225 729 477 477 159 477
§ 1060 ·
?R ¨ , 12 ¸
© 159 ¹
Now we find the equation of the line passing through P,Q
52 3
Slope of the line passing through P (2,2) and Q(1,5) is m 3
1 2 1
\ Equation of the line passing through P(2,2) with slope 3 is y2=3(x2)

Þ y2= 3x+6 Þ 3x+y8= 0
§ 1060 ·
Put R §¨ 1060 , 12 ·¸ in the above equation we have 3 ¨ ¸ 12 8 20 20 0
© 159 ¹ © 159 ¹
\ The three feet of the perpendiculars from the origin and given lines are collinear.
21
40. A triangle is formed by the lines ax + by + c = 0, lx + my + n = 0 and px + qy + r = 0.
Given that the triangle is not right angled, show that the straight line
ax by c lx my n
passes through the orthocentre of the triangle.
ap bq lp mq
Sol: The sides of given triangle are
ax + by + c = 0...............(1)
lx + my + n = 0...............(2)
px + qy + r = 0 ...............(3)
Equation of any line passing through the point of intersection of (1) and (2) is
Q
(ax + by + c) + l (lx + my + n) = 0...............(4)
-
(a + ll) x + (b + lm) y + (c + nl) = 0
R
If this line perpendicular to (3), then product of slopes of (3) and (4) is 1
§ p ·§ (a Ol ) ·
A
¨ ¸¨ ¸ 1
© q ¹© (b Om) ¹
T
p(a+ ll) + q(b + lm) = 0
O (lp mq) (ap bq) 0
S
§ ap bq ·
O ¨ ¸
© lp mq ¹
§ ap bq ·
From (4), the equation of AD is (ax by c) ¨ ¸ (lx my n) 0
© lp mq ¹
ax by c lx my n

ap bq lp mq
This is the equation of the altitude through A.

So it passes through the Orthocentre of the triangle.

3 Straight Lines

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SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 3.

 x12  y12  ax1  by1 0

Slope of the line 4x3y10=0 is m=  §¨

P (x1  r cos T, y1  r sin T) (2  r cos 60º ,3  r sin 60º ) ^

But the point P lies on the line(L2) 2x + 4y  27 = 0

But distance is invariant under rotation of axes.

7( 2)  24(1)  15 14  24  15 5 1

Solving (1) & (3),we get B = (2, 1)

Solving (2) & (3),we get C = (1, 2)

18. Show that the straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y  4 = 0 and x + 3y  4 = 0 form an

Sol: Given lines are x + y = 0........ (1),3x + y  4 = 0....... (2), x + 3y  4 = 0 ......(3)

If 'A' is the angle between (1),(2) then

| a1a 2  b1b2 | |1(3)  1(1) | 4 4 2 § 2 ·

If 'B' is the angle between (2),(3) then

| a1a 2  b1b 2 | | 3(1)  1(3) | 6 6 3 §3·

(a2  b2)(c2  d2)  (ac  bd)2 | bc  ad|

Now, SA2=SB2 Þ (x-1)2+(y-3)2=(x0)2+(y+2)2

SA=SB=SC (' S is Equidistant from A,B,C)

Take, SA= SB Þ (x  1)2 +(y  0) 2 (x+1)2 +(y  2)2

Again take SB=SC

 (x+1) 2 +(y  2)2 (x  3)2 +(y  2)2

Squaring on both sides we get  (x+1) 2 +(y  2) 2 (x  3) 2 +(y  2) 2

 ( x 2 +1+2x)=( x 2 +9  6x)  8x  8 0  x 1 ...........(2)

Sol: Let x+y+10=0....(1), xy2=0 ....(2) , 2x+y7=0 .....(3)

represent the sides of DABC.

Let O be the orthocentre of DABC

First we find the equation of the altitude through A

Solving (1) and (2), we get A; x+y+10=0

Þ the slope of its perpendicular is 1/2

The slope of the opposite side AC, x-y2=0 is 1

Þ the slope of its perpendicular is -1

Solving (4) & (5) we get orthocentre O;

Solving (1) & (2),we get B; x+y+2=0

 SA SB  SA 2 SB2  (x  3)2  (y  1)2 (x  0)2  (y  2)2

Þ 6x6y+6=0 Þ 6(xy+1)=0 Þ xy+1=0 ........(4)

Þ 2x+10y6=0 Þ 2(x+5y3)=0 Þ x+5y3=0 ........(5)

b=CA= (1  1)2  (1  0)2

c=AB= (1  0)2  (0  1)2 11 2

ax1  bx 2  cx 3 1(1)  1(0)  2(1) 1 2 1 2 1

ay1  by 2  cy3 1(0)  1(1)  2(1) 1 2 1 2 1

So its Incenter(I) is same as the Centroid (G). O

b=AC= (3  1)2  (1  2)2 42  32 16  9 25 5 A

§ ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 ·

Sol: Let ABCD be the square of side length 4 units.

y 2 = m(x  1)  m ...........(1) (1,2)  (5,3)

 2 | (O  4) | 2 (3  2O)2  (2  5O)2

222 222  115

Þx2=1, y2=5 Þ Q=(1,5)

x 0 y3  0 (0  0  424) 212 15 u 212 1060 27 u 212

Now we find the equation of the line passing through P,Q

\ Equation of the line passing through P(2,2) with slope 3 is y2=3(x2)

This is the equation of the altitude through A.

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x12 y12 ax1 by1 0

Slope of the line 4x3y10=0 is m= §¨

P (x1 r cos T, y1 r sin T) (2 r cos 60º ,3 r sin 60º ) ^

But the point P lies on the line(L2) 2x + 4y 27 = 0

7( 2) 24(1) 15 14 24 15 5 1

Solving (1) & (3),we get B = (2, 1)

Solving (2) & (3),we get C = (1, 2)

18. Show that the straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y 4 = 0 and x + 3y 4 = 0 form an

Sol: Given lines are x + y = 0........ (1),3x + y 4 = 0....... (2), x + 3y 4 = 0 ......(3)

| a1a 2 b1b2 | |1(3) 1(1) | 4 4 2 § 2 ·

| a1a 2 b1b 2 | | 3(1) 1(3) | 6 6 3 §3·

(a2 b2)(c2 d2) (ac bd)2 | bc ad|

Now, SA2=SB2 Þ (x-1)2+(y-3)2=(x0)2+(y+2)2

Take, SA= SB Þ (x 1)2 +(y 0) 2 (x+1)2 +(y 2)2

(x+1) 2 +(y 2)2 (x 3)2 +(y 2)2

Squaring on both sides we get (x+1) 2 +(y 2) 2 (x 3) 2 +(y 2) 2

( x 2 +1+2x)=( x 2 +9 6x) 8x 8 0 x 1 ...........(2)

Sol: Let x+y+10=0....(1), xy2=0 ....(2) , 2x+y7=0 .....(3)

The slope of the opposite side AC, x-y2=0 is 1

SA SB SA 2 SB2 (x 3)2 (y 1)2 (x 0)2 (y 2)2

Þ 6x6y+6=0 Þ 6(xy+1)=0 Þ xy+1=0 ........(4)

Þ 2x+10y6=0 Þ 2(x+5y3)=0 Þ x+5y3=0 ........(5)

b=CA= (1 1)2 (1 0)2

c=AB= (1 0)2 (0 1)2 11 2

ax1 bx 2 cx 3 1(1) 1(0) 2(1) 1 2 1 2 1

ay1 by 2 cy3 1(0) 1(1) 2(1) 1 2 1 2 1

b=AC= (3 1)2 (1 2)2 42 32 16 9 25 5 A

§ ax1 bx 2 cx 3 ay1 by 2 cy3 ·

y 2 = m(x 1) m ...........(1) (1,2) (5,3)

2 | (O 4) | 2 (3 2O)2 (2 5O)2

222 222 115

x 0 y3 0 (0 0 424) 212 15 u 212 1060 27 u 212

\ Equation of the line passing through P(2,2) with slope 3 is y2=3(x2)