Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

Answers to Extended revision exercises:

Shape, space and measures
Worksheet 11: Pythagoras’ theorem and similar shapes

1 (a) ABD = ACD, SSS or RHS or ASA or SAS

(b) MNO = QPO, SSS or SAS
(c) no
(d) WXY = YZW, SSS
(e) CAB = CDE, SSS or SAS
(f) no
(g) CAB = DEF, ASA
(h) no
(i) RQP = RTS, RHS

2 (a) 12 cm (b) 14.1 cm (3sf) (c) 25 mm (d) 44 cm

(e) 50 mm (f) 15 cm (g) 1 m (h) 1.7 m

3 149 m

4 3.7 km

5 (a) 8.25 (3sf) (b) 4.24 (3sf) (c) 18.0 (3sf) (d) 5.10 (3sf)

(e) 17.7 (3sf) (f) 3 (g) 6.40 (3sf) (h) (a 2  b 2 )

6 (a) y = 18 mm (b) y = 4.29 cm

(c) x = 1.2 cm, y = 1.3 cm (d) x = 27.5 mm, y = 30 mm

7 (a) no (b) yes (c) no (d) no

8 64 : 27

9 (a) 6 m
(b) larger tank volume = 402 m3 (3sf), smaller tank volume = 170 m3 (3sf)

10 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

11 (a) 31.8 m2 (b) 15.3 m3

12 (a) 152 + 202 = 225 + 400 = 625 = 252

(b) 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100 = 102
(c) (3k)2 + (4k)2 = 9k2 + 16k2 = 25k2 = (5k)2
(d) If (a, b, c) is a Pythagorean Triple then a2 + b2 = c2
If (ka, kb, kc) is a Pythagorean Triple then (ka) 2 + (kb) 2 = (kc) 2

 k2a2 + k2b2 = k2c2

k2(a2 + b2) = k2c2 (÷k2)
a2 + b2 = c2

(e) Any two of:

7, 24, 25
10, 24, 26
18, 24, 30
24, 32, 40
24, 70, 74
24, 143, 145

13 (a) a2 + b2 = c2
2 2
 u 2  v2   u 2  v2 
 uv     
2

 2   2 
u 4  2u 2v 2  v 4 u 4  2u 2v 2  v 4
 u 2v 2  
4 4
 4u 2v2  u 4  2u 2v2  v4  u 4  2u 2v2  v4
 u 4  2u 2v2  v4  u 4  2u 2v2  v4

(b) 17, 144, 145

(If a = 17 then uv = 1× 17 because 17 is a prime number and its only factors are 1 and itself. If you
substitute the values of 1 and 17 into the formulae for b and c then you get b = 144 and c = 145.)

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

(c) Let a = prime (p), then a = p × 1 (so u = p, v = 1)

If b and c differ by 1 then:
 b+1=c

p 2  12 p 2  12
 1 
2 2
p2 1 p2 1
  1  
2 2 2 2
p2 1 p2 1
   
2 2 2 2

14 Diagram of the cuboid with sides x cm, y cm and z cm: Let x = a, y = b, z = c and the diagonal
of the base face (x × y) = e

The diagonal of the cuboid forms

e= a 2  b2 a triangle with the diagonal of the
base face:

So,

e= a 2  b2 and d = e2 + c2

  c
2
 d2  a 2  b2 2

d 2  a 2  b2  c 2

d  a 2  b2  c2

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