Enhancing Video Accessibility for Color
Vision Deficiencies
SK Khaleelullah
Associate Professor
Dept of IT
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science(A) Vignan Institute of Technology and Science(A)
Hyderabad
khaleel1245@gmail.com taragalahanish02@gmail.com
Rahul Naik
UG Scholar
Dept of IT
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science(A)
Hyderabad
ramavathrahulnaik3@gmail.com
Abstract—Visual content plays a significant role in
modern communication, with video sharing platforms
and online media being primary sources of information
and entertainment. However, individuals with color vision
deficiencies often face challenges in perceiving content as
intended, as the color blinded audience may struggle to
differentiate between certain colors. The project aims to
address this issue by developing a solution that enhances
video accessibility for color blind viewers in real-time. The
project's primary objective is to create a system that takes
a video input and applies color transformation algorithms
to modify the colors displayed, making them more
distinguishable for color blind individuals. The solution is
designed to work with various types of color vision
deficiencies, such as red-green color blindness (protanopia
and deuteranopia) and blue-yellow color blindness
(tritanopia). The outcomes of the project aim to make
digital video content more inclusive and accessible to
individuals with color vision deficiencies. By enhancing
color differentiation in videos, the system contributes to a
more inclusive and enjoyable viewing experience for color
blind individuals, ensuring them to engage with digital
content as effectively as those with normal color vision.
Index Terms— Real-time color correction, Video
Enhancement, Computer Vision, Python programming,
Image and Video processing, Digital video content, Color
Vision Deficiency.
I. INTRODUCTION
In a world where visual content is an integral part of our
daily lives, the significance of ensuring inclusivity in the
digital landscape cannot be overstated. For the millions
of individuals living with color vision deficiencies,
commonly referred to as color blindness, experiencing
the full spectrum of colors in images and videos can be
a challenge. Addressing this challenge is the aim of the
Hanish Kumar Gantla Rahul
UG Scholar UG Scholar
Dept of IT Dept of IT
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science(A)
Hyderabad Hyderabad
gantlarahul24@gmail.com
Sai Teja
UG Scholar
Dept of IT
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science(A)
Hyderabad
saitejagoud960@gmail.com
innovative project, "Enhancing Video Accessibility for
Color Blind Viewers. " Color blindness, a condition that
affects approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women,
alters the perception of colors, making it difficult to
differentiate between certain hues. This condition can
often lead to a diminished viewing experience, as
colors play a pivotal role in conveying information,
evoking emotions, and providing context in visual
content, including videos.
The project represents a pioneering effort to bridge the
gap between visual content and color blind individuals.
By harnessing the power of machine learning and image
processing techniques, a solution is being developed to
dynamically adjust the colors in videos, ensuring that
color blind viewers can enjoy and comprehend visual
content to its fullest extent. The primary objective of the
project is to provide an adaptive and real-time solution
that tailors the color palette of videos to accommodate
the specific needs of individuals with color vision
deficiencies. By employing sophisticated algorithms
and machine learning models, efforts are being made to
make videos more accessible and engaging for color
blind viewers. Joining this journey means leveraging
technology to enhance the visual experience for color
blind individuals and taking a significant step toward a
more inclusive and accessible digital world. Together, a
shared and vibrant experience for everyone, regardless
of their perception of color, can be achieved.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Introduction
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency,
is a prevalent condition impacting a significant portion
 of the population. The digital world must address
challenges faced by color blind individuals, particularly
when consuming visual content like videos.
This literature survey aims to explore existing research,
technologies, and methodologies related to the
adjustment of video colors for enhancing the viewing
experience of color blind individuals.
2. Types of Color Vision Deficiencies
2. 1 Red-Green Color Blindness:
Examine the physiological and perceptual aspects of red-
green color blindness, including protanopia and
deuteranopia.
2. 2 Blue-Yellow Color Blindness:
Explore tritanopia and its impact on color perception.
2. 3 Monochromacy:
Understand the challenges faced by individuals with
complete color blindness.
3. Prevalence and Impact of Color Blindness
3. 1 Statistics:
Provide insights into the prevalence of color blindness
globally and regionally.
3. 2 Everyday Life Impact:
Discuss the impact of color blindness on daily activities,
with a focus on challenges related to visual content
consumption, especially videos.
4. Accessibility Standards and Guidelines
Investigate existing international accessibility standards,
guidelines, and best practices addressing color
accessibility for individuals with color vision
deficiencies.
5. Design Principles and Techniques
5. 1 User Interface and Web Design:
Examine design principles and techniques employed in
user interface and web design to create color blind-
friendly content.
6. Traditional Methods for Color Adjustment
6. 1 Color Filters:
Review the use of color filters in adapting visual content
for color blind individuals.
6. 2 Overlays and Hatching Patterns:
Explore traditional methods involving overlays and
hatching patterns.
7. Advanced Color Correction Approaches
7. 1 Machine Learning Solutions:
Explore machine learning-based solutions for color
adjustment in videos.
7. 2 Image Processing Techniques:
Review image processing techniques aimed at
enhancing color blind accessibility.
7. 3 Real-Time Color Adjustment:
Examine real-time color adjustment approaches for
videos.
8. Conclusion
8. 1 Summary of Findings:
Summarize key findings from the literature survey.
8. 2 Identified Gaps and Opportunities:
Highlight gaps in existing research and opportunities for
further exploration.
8. 3 Implications for Project Development
Connect the literature survey findings to the
development of the project, emphasizing the
importance of user-centered design and the application
of advanced color correction techniques.
III. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Several software tools and applications aim to enhance
the video-watching experience for color blind
individuals by adjusting video colors. These tools
employ various color correction algorithms to adapt
colors and make them more distinguishable. Examples
of existing software for color blind individuals include
Chrometric, Color Oracle, Vizlens, etc. It's important to
note that while these tools and applications can offer
assistance, limitations may exist regarding the types of
videos that can be adjusted and the extent of adjustments
achievable. Moreover, the effectiveness of such tools
can vary depending on the specific needs and
preferences of the user. For a more comprehensive
approach, consider exploring alternatives.
dynamic solution, your project could focus on
developing advanced video color correction software
that integrates machine learning and real-time
adjustments to cater to a wide range.
Disadvantages of Existing System:
Limited Compatibility: Many existing tools are limited
to specific platforms or applications, making it
challenging to provide a consistent color-adjusted
experience across all video content and platforms.
Lack of Real-Time Adjustment: Some tools may not
provide real-time color correction for videos.
This can result in delays and inconvenience when
accessing online streaming content or live video streams.
Limited Customization: While some tools offer
customization options, may not provide a wide range of
 settings to accommodate different types and degrees of
color blindness. Users may have limited control over the
color adjustment parameters.
Adjusting colors in complex video scenes, such as those
with intricate graphics or special effects, may be
challenging for existing tools. Satisfactory results may
not be produced in such cases.
Some tools are designed exclusively for desktop or web
use and may not have mobile applications, limiting
accessibility for users who primarily consume video
content on mobile devices.
Existing tools may not always work seamlessly with all
video players, browsers, or streaming platforms, leading
to compatibility issues that can disrupt the viewing
experience.
Proposed System:
While there are not many dedicated video players or
video-watching software explicitly designed for color
blind users, color blind individuals often rely on existing
video players and tools with certain accessibility
features. The disadvantages typically stem
from limitations in making video content fully
accessible to color blind individuals. Here are some
common challenges and disadvantages:
Many existing video players do not offer advanced color
customization features for adjusting video colors to cater
to different types and degrees of color blindness. This
limitation can result in color blind viewers struggling to
discern specific elements in videos. Some video players
that claim to have color correction features may not
always produce satisfactory results. The target audience
may struggle to adapt video colors to the unique needs
of color blind individuals, leaving some content still
difficult to interpret.
Software Requirement Specification:
A System Requirements Specification (abbreviated SRS
when need to be distinct from a Software Requirements
Specification SRS) is a structured collection of
information that embodies the
requirements of a system. A business analyst,
sometimes titled system analyst, is responsible for
analysing the business needs of their clients and
stakeholders to help identify business problems and
propose solutions.
Within the systems development life cycle domain, the
BA typically performs a liaison function between the
business side of an enterprise and the information
technology department or external service providers .
Software requirements specification establishes the basis
for an agreement between customers and contractors or
suppliers. Software requirements
specification permits rigorous assessment
of requirements before design can begin and reduces
later redesign. It should also provide a realistic basis for
estimating product costs, risks, and schedules. The
software requirements specification document enlists
enough and necessary requirements that are required for
the project development.
To derive the requirements, the clear and thorough
understanding of the products to be developed or being
developed. This is achieved and refined with detailed
and continuous communications with the project team
and customer till the completion of the software.
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
The purpose of our project is to use cutting-edge
technology and innovative approaches to bridge the gap
between color blind individuals and visual content. By
enabling them to experience videos in a more
meaningful and immersive way, let us contribute to a
more inclusive, equitable, and enriching digital world
where no one is left behind due to color vision
deficiencies. First, ensure to have OpenCV installed on
the system. To install it use a package manager or by
building it from source, on your platform and
programming language. Use OpenCV to open the video
depending on the source. For each frame in the video,
the color adjustment needs to be appliedt. OpenCV
provides extensive tools for frame manipulation, such as
changing color spaces, filtering, and pixel-wise
operations.
Implement color correction algorithms that adapt colors
in each frame to make them more distinguishable for
color blind viewers. Image processing techniques can be
utilized to modify the color information in each frame.
Methodology:
1. COLOR BLINDNESS TESTING :
Color blindness testing software is designed to assess an
individual's color vision and identify the type and
severity of color vision deficiencies. Typically, such
software presents a series of images or patterns to the
user, each containing a range of colors. The user is
instructed to respond to specific questions or tasks
related to the colors within these images. The software
then evaluates the user's responses and analyzes their
ability to perceive and differentiate between colors. It
may classify the type of color blindness, such as
protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia, or other forms,
based on the responses and their accuracy. The software
may also indicate the severity of the condition, allowing
users and healthcare professionals to better understand
the extent of color vision deficiency. Additionally, some
software may offer customization options to adapt the
test to the user's preferences, accommodating various
levels of difficulty and specific color combinations.
 These software tools provide an efficient and accessible
means for assessing color blindness, which can be
particularly valuable for self- assessment, educational
purposes, and identifying potential accommodations for
color blind individuals.
2. IMPORTANT OF COLOR BLINDNESS TEST:
Taking a color blindness test is important for several
reasons. First and foremost, it allows individuals to
understand and recognize any deficiencies in their color
vision. This knowledge is crucial because color vision
plays a significant role in our daily lives, from
interpreting traffic signals and maps to enjoying art and
nature. By identifying
color blindness early, individuals can adapt and find
practical solutions to navigate a world that often relies
on color-coded information.
Additionally, color blindness testing is essential for
various professions where accurate color perception is
critical, such as in healthcare (interpreting medical
images and charts), aviation (understanding cockpit
displays), and the military (distinguishing between
signals and maps). Not knowing one's color blind status
can have safety implications in such fields.
Moreover, color blindness tests can assist educational
institutions in accommodating color blind students by
providing alternative materials and learning approaches.
It can also aid employers in making workplaces more
inclusive by adjusting the colors of graphics, charts, and
user interfaces for color blind employees.
In a broader context, taking color blindness tests can
raise awareness about color vision deficiencies and
promote understanding and empathy among individuals
and communities. It underscores the importance of
designing accessible and inclusive content, making the
world more navigable and enjoyable for everyone,
regardless of their color vision abilities.
3. APPROACH:
The provided code is a Python script designed to play
and modify video content based on the type of color
blindness selected by the user. The script utilizes the
OpenCV library for video processing and the
`ffpyplayer` library for audio handling. It also
incorporates user input for the choice of video source
(YouTube or local file) and the type of color blindness
(protanopia or tritanopia).
The script begins by importing necessary libraries and
defining constants such as the aspect ratio for font
scaling and available display modes (YouTube or local
file) and types of color blindness (protanopia,
deuteranopia, or tritanopia). It uses the
`questionary` library to present user-friendly prompts
for these choices. Depending on the selected display
mode, the script either prompts the user to input a
YouTube video URL and a save directory or the path to
a local video file. After obtaining the video source, the
script initializes the video capture using OpenCV and the
media player for audio playback. It also defines
functions for simulating protanopia and tritanopia by
altering specific color ranges in each frame of the video.
The script enters a loop where it processes the video
frame by frame. It reads each
frame using OpenCV, applies the selected color
blindness simulation function to the frame, and displays
the modified frame in a window. The loop continues
until the user presses 'q' or the video ends. Throughout
the process, the script maintains the synchronization of
video and audio, ensuring that both elements play
simultaneously. It calculates the frame time based on the
video's frames per second (FPS) to maintain real-time
playback.
To summarize, this code serves as a user-friendly
application for playing and modifying video content to
make it more accessible for color blind individuals. The
choice of color blindness simulation and the video
source can be easily configured, and the script processes
each frame in real-time, providing a practical tool for
color vision testing and accessibility enhancement.
4. ALGORITHM:
The algorithms and functionality used in the provided
Python script, which allows users to play and modify
video content based on the selected type of color
blindness.
The script begins by importing the necessary libraries,
including OpenCV for video processing, ffpyplayer for
audio handling, and other libraries for user interaction
and video downloading. It also defines constants and
user input options for display modes (YouTube or local
file) and types of color blindness (protanopia,
deuteranopia, or tritanopia). User inputs are collected
using the questionary library to streamline the user
experience.
The user is prompted to select the source of the video,
either from YouTube or a local file. If the YouTube
option is chosen, the user provides a video URL and a
directory for saving the video. The script then calls a
function (download_video) to download the video and
obtain the path to the downloaded file. If the local file
option is selected, the user is prompted to input the path
to the local video file. The selected video source is
initialized using OpenCV's cv2. VideoCapture, and an
audio player is set up using the MediaPlayer library to
ensure synchronized video and audio playback.
The script includes two key functions for simulating
color blindness:
1. simulate_protanopia_to_normal_color: Function
simulates protanopia and deuteranopia by modifying the
colors in each frame of the video. It first defines specific
color ranges for red and green colors and then creates
masks for these colors. Pixels falling within the red and
 green color ranges are replaced with a color like purple,
making the video more accessible to individuals with
these types of color blindness.
2. simulate_tritanopia_to_normal: This function
simulates tritanopia by transforming the colors in the
video frames. It creates a copy of the input frame and
changes blue to red by swapping the red and blue
channels. Additionally, it converts yellow (a mix of red
and green) to green by distributing the color between the
red and green channels. This transformation addresses
the unique color vision deficiencies associated with
tritanopia.
The script calculates the frames per second (FPS) of
the video and uses this information to determine the
frame time, ensuring that the video is displayed in real-
time. If the FPS is not available (0. 0), the script defaults
to a frame time of 0. 0333 seconds, equivalent to 30
frames per second (1/30).
V. ARCHITECTURE
The provided code represents an architecture for a
video processing application designed to enhance the
viewing experience for individuals with color vision
deficiencies, including protanopia, deuteranopia, and
tritanopia. It incorporates several key components and
user interactions to achieve this goal.
At its core, the code employs Python libraries such as
OpenCV, ffpyplayer, pytube, and questionary to handle
video processing, audio playback, video downloading,
and user interaction. Users are presented with a user-
friendly interface to select the source of the video (either
from YouTube or a local file) and specify their type of
color blindness.
The architecture begins by collecting user input and
making decisions based on their choices. If the user opts
for a YouTube video, the code prompts for a video URL
and a directory to save downloaded video, then utilizes
the pytube library to download the video.
Alternatively, if the user chooses a local file, and be
prompted to input the path to the video. The video
source is then loaded using OpenCV, and audio
synchronization is achieved through the ffpyplayer
library, ensuring that the audio and video playback
remain aligned.
The critical components are the two color correction
functions:
1. simulate_protanopia_to_normal_color`:
This function transforms colors in video frames to
simulate protanopia and deuteranopia. It defines specific
color ranges for red and green and replaces them with a
shade of purple, enhancing accessibility for users with
these specific color vision deficiencies.
2. simulate_tritanopia_to_normal`: For simulating
tritanopia, this function adjusts the colors in the frames.
It converts blue to red and redistributes yellow, a mix of
red and green, to green, addressing the unique
characteristics of tritanopia.
The code determines the frames per second (FPS) of the
video to achieve real-time playback and handles
situations where FPS information is not available. It
maintains synchronization between audio and video
frames.
The architecture culminates in a real-time video
processing loop that reads each frame, applies the
appropriate color correction function according to the
user's selected type of color blindness, and displays the
modified frame using OpenCV's `cv2. imshow`. The
loop continues until the user decides to exit (by pressing
'q') or the video playback concludes.
To summarize, this architecture delivers a
comprehensive video processing solution that caters to
the needs of individuals with color vision deficiencies.
It offers an interactive and user-friendly approach,
making video content more accessible and enhancing the
viewing experience by simulating specific color
blindness types.
VI. IMPLEMENTATION
Visual Studio Code, sometimes known as VS Code, is a
powerful and versatile code editor that has swept the
development industry. It was created by Microsoft and
is notable for its features that are extensive and cross-
platform compatibility and a wide range of language
support making it a popular choice among developers
worldwide.
The VS Code Marketplace is a goldmine of resources.
Extensions that expand its functionality. Developers
have access to thousands of additions developed by the
community to customize the editors should tailor their
work to their clients' precise requirements. Whether it is
extra support for several languages, version control
integration, or there is most certainly an addon available
for custom themes.
VS Code is all about customization. Users can
customize their editor with themes, keybindings, and
settings to create a coding environment that is tailored to
their needs and process. This adaptability is a major
reason for the editor's appeal.
Installing Node Js:
Step 1: To download Node Js visit the website
https://nodejs. org/en/download and click the
"DOWNLOAD" link under the Community Section.
Step 2: Install Node. js and NPM from Browser. Once
the installer finishes downloading, launch it.
Step 3: Verify Installation.
 Back end Development:
The project aimed at enhancing video accessibility for
color-blind viewers using Python, you'll need several
libraries and tools. Here's a list of the libraries and
dependencies mentioned, along with some additional
ones that are useful:
1. OpenCV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library):
OpenCV is essential for working with images and
videos. Use it to process, modify, and analyze video
frames.
Installation: To install OpenCV use pip: pip install
opencv-python
2. Pytube (YouTube video download):
Pytube is a Python library for downloading videos from
YouTube.
Installation: To install Pytube use pip: pip install pytube
3. NumPy (Numerical Python):
NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific
computing with Python. It's useful for array operations
and numerical computations.
Installation: To install NumPy use pip: pip install numpy
4. Questionary (for user interaction):
Questionary is a Python library for building interactive
command-line interfaces with a Question/Answer
format.
Installation: To install Questionary use pip: pip install
questionary
5. DownloadVid (Custom tool for downloading
videos):
It appears that "DownloadVid" is a custom tool or script
you're using in your project. You'll need to provide the
details and installation instructions for this tool if it's not
a publicly available library.
Additionally, to consider using other libraries such as
scipy for advanced scientific computing, matplotlib for
data visualization, and scikit-learn to implement machine
learning algorithms. The choice of additional libraries
depends on the specific requirements of your project.
Make sure to create a virtual environment for your
project to manage dependencies effectively. Use the
venv module or a tool like conda for this purpose.
This ensures that your project remains isolated from your
system's global Python environment and helps avoid
conflicts between different projects with different
dependencies.
VII. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
First, let us have a look at the project's User Interface.
These are the screenshots of project outputs.
FIg.1 Home page for color blindness test (Image source:
[Jostien/Pinterest], [2016])
The observation that the color of the Lamborghini
appears to change from red to pink in the context of
addressing color vision deficiencies, specifically red-
green color blindness (protanopia), suggests several
important points. First and foremost, it underscores the
effectiveness of the color transformation algorithms
employed in your project. These algorithms have
successfully altered the color, making it distinguishable
for individuals with protanopia.
Fig.2 Input Video screen shot (Image source:
[Carslegacy/YouTube], [2019])
This result also suggests that the color transformation
significantly positively influences viewers with
protanopia, alleviating challenges in accurately
perceiving red and green colors. The shift from red to
pink likely improves the visibility and distinction of the
Lamborghini's color, creating a more inclusive and
enjoyable viewing experience for individuals with this
particular type of color vision deficiency.
Furthermore, it's crucial to emphasize that this
transformation is just one example of how color
transformation can improve accessibility for those with
protanopia. Your project's strength lies in its ability to
offer customization options, allowing users to fine-tune
color transformations to suit their preferences and
unique needs. This flexibility is essential, as individuals
with color vision deficiencies may have varying degrees
of sensitivity and specific preferences when it comes to
color adjustments.
 First of all, deepest appreciation to Mr. SK Khaleelullah,
who served as the project’s mentor. Next, express
heartfelt gratitude to Vignan Institute of Technology and
Science, Hyderabad, and especially the Department of
Information Technology for providing the team with all
the tools and resources, help, and direction required to
finish the project.
Fig.3 Output Video screen shot (Image source:
[Carslegacy/YouTube], [2019])
REFERENCES
In conclusion, the project's success in transforming the
[1] Joel Eliza Jacob. “Video Enhancement and Low-
Lamborghini from red to pink is a tangible illustration of Resolution Facial Image Reconstruction for Crime
its potential to address red-green color blindness Investigation.” Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and
(protanopia). By making digital video content more Communications Technologies, vol 57. Springer,
accessible and perceivable, the project contributes to a Singapore (2021).
[2] Liu, B. “Real-Time Video Edge Enhancement IP Core
more inclusive and enjoyable viewing experience for Based on FPGA and Sobel Operator.” Advances in
individuals with color vision deficiencies. It Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 928. Springer,
demonstrates the power of technology to mitigate the Cham (2019).
impact of color blindness and enable individuals to [3] Tomizawa, G., Ban, Y., Takahashi, K., Mieno, H. 1985.
"Color Blindness Tests by Color Graphic Display." In
engage with digital content effectively and comfortably. Computer Graphics, edited by T.L. Kunii, 103-118.
Springer, Tokyo.
VIII. CONCLUSION [4] Delgado-Cedeño, D., and M. Chacón-Rivas. 2021. "Image
Adaptation Based on Color Saturation and Linear Matrices
for People with Deuteranopia-Type Color Blindness." In
The provided software represents an innovative and user- Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design
friendly solution for individuals with color vision Methods and User Experience. HCII 2021, edited by M.
deficiencies. By seamlessly integrating technologies Antona and C. Stephanidis, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, vol. 12768. Springer, Cham.
such as OpenCV, ffpyplayer, pytube, and questionary, it [5] Kanakhara, K., D. Bhattarai, and S. Sarcar. 2023. "Color
empowers users to choose between YouTube and local Blind: A Figma Plugin to Simulate Colour Blindness." In
video sources while catering to specific color blindness Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2023, edited
types, including protanopia, deuteranopia, and by J. Abdelnour Nocera, M. Kristín Lárusdóttir, H. Petrie,
A. Piccinno, and M. Winckler, Lecture Notes in Computer
tritanopia. Science, vol. 14145. Springer, Cham.
The software's architecture enables real-time color
correction and simulation of color blindness, enhancing
the accessibility of video content. It does so by applying
dedicated color correction functions tailored to each type
of color deficiency. For instance, individuals with
protanopia or deuteranopia experience improved
visibility as red and green colors are transformed into a
distinctive shade of purple, while those with tritanopia
witness blue-to-red and yellow-to-green
transformations.
Additionally, the software ensures that audio and video
remain synchronized throughout the playback, offering a
seamless and immersive viewing experience. This
innovation extends its reach beyond conventional
accessibility solutions, making video content more
inclusive and enjoyable for individuals with color vision
deficiencies.
Overall, this software exemplifies a forward- thinking
approach to addressing the needs of diverse audiences.
It bridges the accessibility gap in video content and
paves the way for a more inclusive and equitable digital
environment where everyone can enjoy videos
regardless of their unique color perception challenge.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT