Chap 1 5

I
The Effects of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of Selected

Families in Alaminos, Laguna
A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Palm Valley Multiple
Multiple Intelligence School
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Practical Research 2
Submitted by:
Bobis, Karl Andrei B.
De Castro, Ken Harvie M.
Encontro, Lejan Sebastian Gabriel C.
Esquejo, Chela Mae G.
Peñ aflor, Ashley Ann U.
II
APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis attached hereto entitled, “THE EFFECT OF MARKET INFLATION
TO THE LIFESTYLE OF SELECTED FAMILIES” prepared and submitted by Karl
Andrei B. Bobis, Ken Harvie M. de Castro, Lejan Sebastian Gabriel C. Encontro,
Chela Mae G. Esquejo and Ashley Ann U. Peñ aflor in partial fulfilment of the
requirements in Practical Research 2.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Date Fernan P. Ramos, Ed. D.
Adviser
Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements in Practical Research 2 by

the examination committee.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Anne Louise R. Caperiñ a, M.A. Rosalinda S. Miranda, Ph.
Member Member
__________________________
Edna G. Ramos, M.A. Ed.D. (Cand)
Chairman
Dr. Fernan P. Ramos

SchoolDirector/Principal
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ….…………………………………………………………….........................……............…….Ⅰ
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………………………..….……..Ⅱ
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………..…...Ⅲ
DEDICATION………………………………………………………..…………………………………………...V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..…………………..……………………………………………………….…….....VI
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….…………………………….….VⅠⅠ
CHAPTER
Ⅰ.THE PROBLEM AND IT SETTING
Introduction………………………………… …………………………………………………………….…1
Background of the Study………………………………………………………………………………...6
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………………..….….6
Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………….………..9
Significance of the Study…………………………………………..………………………………….…9
Ⅱ.Review of Related Literature and Studies
Review of Related Literature………………………………………………………………………..11
Review of Related Studies …………………………………………………………………………...29
Ⅲ.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………………………………………………46
Respondent of the study……………………………………………………………………………..…47
Sampling technique……………….……………………………………………………………….…….47
Research intrumentt……………………………………………………………………………………..47
IV
Research procedure………………………………………………………………………………….…..48
Statistical treatment……………………………………………………………………………………..49
Ⅳ PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
TABLE FOR PROFILE……………………………………………………………………….50
TABLE FOR INDEPENDENT VARIABLE…………………………………………….56
TABLE FOR DEPENDENT VARIABLE………………………………………………..64
TABLE FOR ANOVA ANALYSIS………………………………………………………….74
V. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………..76
Findings……………………………………………………………….……………………………….….78
Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………….…83
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………… 83
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………………….84
Letter to principal and Barangay Captain…………………………………………..85
QUESTIONNAIRE……………………………………………………………………………………….93
TABLE OF VARIABLE………………………………………………………………………………….97
CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………………………….…99
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………………….……104
V
DEDICATION
This research would have not been made possible. We dedicate this research to our
families for they never tire to support us with our academics. They have been the source of
our inspiration, strength and guide when we are on the verge of giving up.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our deep gratitude to our school principal, Mr. Fernan P.
Ramos, our school vice principal, Mrs. Edna G. Ramos, for helping us with our research.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the barangay captains for allowing us
to gather data that will be used for our research.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the residents who answered and
helped us during the interview.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to our classmates for helping us and
sharing their knowledge with the research.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to our families for their never-ending
support while we do our research.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the teachers for their support and for
being considerate while we do our research.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to each of our group members for their
hardwork and perseverance while doing the research.

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THESIS ABSTRACT
The study determined the levels of motivation as related to the effects of market
inflation to the lifestyle of selected families.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in terms of the ff.
a. Family size
b. Economic status
c. Income of the family
d. Source of income
2. What is the effect of the market inflation to the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in
terms of:
a. Family Income
b. Job Security
c. Prices of Basic-good in the Market
d. Availability of Goods in the Market
3. What is the lifestyle of the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in terms of:
a. Spending Habits
b. Consumption Habits
c. Buying behavior/attitude
d. Interests
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e. Financial Capability
4. Is there a relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families in
Alaminos, Laguna?
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INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
The Problem and its Setting
Introduction
Inflation is the increase in prices, and over time it can be translated as the decline in
purchasing power. Market Inflation is a universal experience and its causes are demand-
pull, cost-push, inflation expectations. Prices rise, usually expressed as percentages, means
that currencies actually buy less than previous periods. It is affected by the increase in
wages, taxes, money supply and price of raw materials. Market Inflation affects the foreign
currency by reducing the currency’s buying power and weakens it against other currencies.
Inflation has an impact on everyone. However, it has a very different effect on
everyone. Your lifestyle is based on income and expenditure. Sometimes people with high
standards of living but no income are allowed to borrow money to compensate for the
difference. When inflation rises, the borrowing of money becomes very expensive. This
means that people take fewer loans or they are unable to spend less money because they
are used to repay debt.
For people whose living standards are consistent with their income, inflation can be
both positive and negative. Normally, when inflation increases, income also increases
because there are adjustments based on living expenses. This applies both to persons with
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current income and to people with social security. However, income increases, expenses
also increase. There has been a lot of debate regarding the effect of market inflation on the
lifestyle of people.
Some researchers have attempted to determine the relationship between inflation
and various economic variables, such as stock exchange indices, commodity prices or
inflation itself (Kristouf, 2019). Others have looked at the relationship between inflation
and search query volumes, with some interesting findings. For instance, Nanaki (2018)
found that inflation rates have a negative impact on car sales in the Greek vehicle market.
Furthermore, utilizing data sources such as search query volumes and investor sentiment
can add additional insights into the relationship between inflation and people's lifestyles.
Therefore, it is imperative that researchers continue to explore new methods and theories
for predicting and managing inflation.
Moreover, the negative impact of inflation on the purchasing power of individuals
may lead to lower standards of living and an increase in poverty. In conclusion, it is clear
that market inflation has a profound effect on the lifestyle of people. Efforts to mitigate the
negative effects of inflation, through policies such as managing interest rates and
government spending to control prices, must be pursued by policymakers. To fully
understand the impact of inflation on people's lifestyles requires examining various
economic variables such as stock exchange indices and commodity prices.
The Philippine economy has experienced periods of inflation, which can have a
significant impact on the daily lives of its citizens. Research conducted by Ho & Odhiambo
(2018) suggests that inflation negatively impacts the growth of the Philippine capital
market. It is therefore likely that Filipinos' investments and savings may be negatively
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affected during periods of high inflation. In addition, high inflation rates can increase the
cost of goods and services, making it more difficult for households to maintain their current
lifestyles. As inflation continues to rise, it may lead to a decrease in disposable income and
an increase in poverty levels.
Furthermore, inflation can also affect the purchasing power of individuals and
businesses alike. This may lead to a decrease in demand for goods and services, which
inevitably results in lower profits for businesses. In conclusion, high inflation rates in the
Philippines can lead to adverse effects on both individual households and the economy as a
whole. Therefore, it is essential for the government to implement sound economic policies
that can effectively address inflationary pressures and stabilize the economy.
Moreover, it is also crucial for Filipinos to apply effective financial management
practices during inflationary periods. One important step an individual can take is to invest
in assets that are inflation-resistant such as real estate or gold. Additionally, individuals can
also explore ways to increase their income and reduce expenses during periods of high
inflation. Taking these measures can help Filipinos better manage their finances and
minimize the negative impact of inflation on their daily lives.
One valuable addition to this argument could be the current state of the Philippine
economy and its level of inflation. As of August 2021, the Philippines' inflation rate had
risen to 4.9%, the highest it has been since April 2019.
In February 2023, Laguna's overall inflation fell to 5.9 percent, compared to 6.1
percent in January 2023. In addition, this was higher than the inflation rate recorded in the
same month.
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Background of the Study
The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, in order to combat inflation, it will make historical
deficit reduction payments, invest in domestic energy production and manufacturing, and
reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 40% by 2030. The bill will also finally allow
Medicare to negotiate for prescription drug prices and extend the expanded Affordable
Care Act program for three years, through 2025.
This research is about the widely known issue Market Inflation, as it affects the
people, businesses, lifestyle, and currencies of many countries world-wide. This research is
conducted to know the effects of market inflation to the lifestyle of different people. The
aim of this research is to know how to lower or lessen the impact of inflation.
Among the major concerns about persistently high inflation is a decline in
Americans' standard of living. Inflation measures how fast prices for goods and services
such as gasoline, food, clothing, rent, travel and health care are increasing.
By definition, inflation eats into investment returns, making it more difficult for
investors to generate the growth needed to meet their financial goals. As a result, returns
on the classic 60/40 mix of stocks and bonds have often landed in negative territory during
inflationary periods.
The purpose of this research is to study the inflation, its effects to the price control
of commodities and the services in the economy. It also helps in supplying the pieces of
information needed in the GDP and production data, the real value of money, and help to
manage the interest rate. This study will be conducted to the families of Barangay Alaminos,
Laguna.
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These researchers presented a justification that was related to their concept, in
which the effects of COVID and the pandemic experienced an impact on both economic
situation and overall standards of life. They specify the growth of the local market as
evidence that local lifestyle is changing as a result of this.
Inflation affects everyone. Yet, it affects everyone very differently. Your lifestyle is
based on your income and your expenses. Sometimes, people who have a high standard of
living but not a high enough income end up borrowing money to make up the difference.
When inflation rises, borrowing money becomes very expensive. Monetary policy primarily
involves changing interest rates to control inflation. Governments through fiscal policy,
however, can assist in fighting inflation. Governments can reduce spending and increase
taxes as a way to help reduce inflation.

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Statement of the Problem
-Aim of the study is to answer the “The Effects of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of
Selected Families in Alaminos, Laguna” specifically, it seeks to answer the following
questions:
a. Family Size
Family with no children
Family with 1-2 children
b. Economic status/class
Lower class
Middle class
Upper class
0-5k/month
6k-10k/month
11k-20k/month
More than 20k/month

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d. Source of income
Family business
Salary from a job
Sari-sari store
Self-employed
2. Independent Variable (Market Inflation)
What is the effect of the market inflation to the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in
terms of:
a. Family Income
b. Job Security
3. Dependent Variable (Lifestyle)
What is the lifestyle of the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in terms of:
a. Spending Habits
I. Thrifty
II. Buying Luxurious brands
III. Impulsive buying

XVI
I. Personal Factors
II. Psychological Factors
III. Social Factors
IV. Cultural Factors
V. Demographic Factors
I. Habitual Buying behavior
II. Variety-seeking behavior
III. Dissonance-reducing buying behavior
IV. Complex buying behavior
d. Interests
I. Motivation
II. Convenience
III. Sensory
IV. Beliefs
V. Attitude
I. Self-Esteem
II. Self-Belief
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III. Gender
IV. Family Socio-economic status
4. Hypothesis
Is there a relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families in
Alaminos, Laguna?
-There is no significant relation between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families
in Alaminos, Laguna.
Scope and Limitations
This study focuses on The Effects of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of Selected
Families in Alaminos, Laguna. The data collection will be gathered from 100 randomly
selected families in four selected barangays’ in Alaminos, Laguna. The researchers will
provide a questionnaire checklist that will be distributed to families.
Significance of the study
Market vendors – They move some of their money to assets that benefit from inflation or at
least keep up with its pace.
Consumers/target market – The consumers will benefit by being a smart buyer and will
change the point of view in their lifestyle.
Suppliers – The suppliers will benefit by knowing the exact amount of production of the
goods.
Retailers – Retailers can re-evaluate their in-store processes and look for opportunities to
reset the store
Market – The benefit that the market can get from the inflation is it increases the
production in the market.

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Family income – The benefit it will gain is that the family can budget their money
accordingly to their needs.
Lenders – The lenders will benefit by knowing whom to lend their money to.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
a. Family Income a. Spending Habits

b. Job Security b. Consumption Habits
c. Prices of Basic-good in c. Buying behavior/attitude
the Market d. Interests
d. Availability of Goods in e. Financial Capability
the Market
Definition of terms
Consumers - an individual who has an interest with the products.
Impulsive buying – making an unplanned purchase.
Lender – an individual who lets people loan money with an interest.
Retailers – an individual who resells bulk goods into per piece products
Suppliers – are individuals/companies who distributes goods to sellers.

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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Prices of Basic-good in market
Loxton (2020) “Consumer behaviour during the COVID-19 period has demonstrated
a shift in consumption of basic needs and non-durable items, prioritizing the base layer of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.”
Quinn et al. (2022) “Evidence was found for the relationship between price and
evidence was found for the relationship between price and theft rates of some goods but
not others, with gradations in strength of the relationship across goods, study
characteristics and model specifications. Heft rates of some goods but not others, with
gradations in strength of the relationship across goods, study characteristics and model
specifications.”
Almalki et al. (2022) “The sharp hikes in food prices reduce the weight of consumer
wallets, add inflationary pressures on import bills and place food-importing countries on
alert about safe food supplies and economic provision for their people.”
Bairagi et al. (2022) “The supply chain disruptions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak
have led to changes in food prices globally. The impact of COVID-19 on the price of essential
and perishable food items in developing and emerging economies has been lacking.”
XX
Tasdoken, Kahyaoglu (2023) “Changes in food commodity prices and Baltic dry
prices increase the national inflation rate. This also indicates that these changes are more
strongly transmitted to the global inflation rate.”
Loxton asserts that Maslow's Hierarchy gave priority to the consumption of non-
durable goods and necessities, which helped illustrate the reaches of Covid-19. Conversely
the Covid-19 effects led to a change in prices globally and had an impact on the Maslow
Hierarchy and those under it, especially those who primarily consume non-durable goods
and fundamental necessities. Meanwhile, Covid-19 is not the only factor that influences
people's consumption; one of them is the price and theft rate of some goods because the
price contains every characteristic and model of a good or any kind of item. On the other
hand, changes in the price of food commodities and dry goods in the Baltic region are
affected by inflation rates and can also have a stronger impact on the rate of inflation
globally. As a result of the potential increase in the change in food supply, the global
inflation rate will increase, and these will be concerning for consumer wallets.
XXI
Family Income
Brown et al. (2018) “The poverty-reducing effects of the minimum wage is expected
to be small if job losses from a minimum wage increase are sizable, or if most minimum
wage workers are higher up in the family income distribution—say because they are teens
from higher income families, or because their spouses are paid well. Therefore, the extent
to which minimum wages raise family incomes at the bottom of the distribution is not clear
a priority, and has to be studied empirically.”
Vanzella-Yang, Veenstra (2021) “Our results show that issues pertaining to family
income stability and change may be impactful for health and should be further investigated.
In particular, our findings suggest possible gender differences in how income dynamics
over time shape health. While most findings were similar for women and men, we found
that a downward trajectory of family incomes over the decade corresponded to elevated
odds of fair/poor self-rated health among men and that more years spent in the top quartile
of family incomes over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated
health among women.”
Ren (2023) “To sum up, the government did a lot on assisting lower-income families,
and this assistance make huge progress for the whole country’s development. Although
there are deficiencies, the government is trying to control the bias to the minimum and
increase the lower-income families’ level in different ways including living conditional
assistance besides educational help.”
Widyaningtya, Suhartono (2021) “The results of this study can be an additional basis
in one's decision making in planning for retirement where when one decides on the desire
XXII
and determination to plan for retirement in old age, later several aspects must be prepared
from an early age, even passed down and taught to the next generation, aspects that are
mandatory. Be prepared that a sufficient level of income, the importance of education in the
family, especially in terms of finances, qualified financial Literacy as well as preparing a
liquid investment portfolio instrument but not eroded by inflation such as investing in
stocks, gold, property, and so on, but when financial Literacy, income level, and good family
education are not balanced by good individual saving behavior, so there will be no
structured retirement planning, therefore the need for good saving behavior so that it can
support.”
Associations between family income and child developmental outcomes are well
documented. However, family income is not static but changes over time. Although this
volatility represents income shocks that are likely to affect children’s lives, very few studies
have so far examined its effect on early cognitive development.

XXIII
Availability of goods in the market
Indriastuti, Fuad (2021) “The aspects that can be considered are the economic
process going well as well as the sales. It can be realized by facilitating purchases safely and
comfortably. In addition, the importance of logistics is not only related to the delivery of
goods to consumers, but also related to the supply chain of raw materials. Moreover, there
is a decline in stock in the market. As the solution, it needs digital approach to have digital
transformation.”
Kleer, Piller (2019) “Product developers often face the problem that customers hold
a significant, but difficult to obtain portion of localized information about their needs.
When access to this information is insufficient, new product commercialization
demonstrates large failure rates.”
Mahajan, Tomar (2021) “COVID‐19 pandemic on food availability in a developing
country setting using data from online retail and primary agricultural markets but there
was little impact on online prices. This fall in product availability in online retail was
equally matched by a fall in product arrivals in the wholesale markets, pointing toward a
general supply chain disruption.”
Hameli (2018) “Retailing makes a connection between the producer and consumer,
so it’s not a mistake calling it a bridge that connects the producer with its consumers.
People or businesses who deal with retail are called retailers and the retailer is a person or
agent or agency or company or organization who or which is crucial in reaching the
products or merchandise or services to the end consumer.”

XXIV
Kumar, Abdin (2021) “Job loss, reduction of income, reduction in the capability to
spend are some of the major impacts of pandemics. In our study, 65% of respondents lost
their job due to COVID-19. Epidemics and pandemics have almost similar impacts on the
behaviour of rural and urban consumers in India. However, the closure of eateries, cinema
halls, recreation places in urban has more impact on consumers in urban areas.”
According to Indriastuti, Fuad (2021), It is said that when the price drops in the
market, it is also stated that it needs to be given attention or solutions to solve it.
Meanwhile Kleer, Piller (2019) said that the product commercial affects the profit of the
product, especially if the new commercial won't be good. On the other hand, Mahajan,
Tomar (2021) stated that due to the presence of COVID 19, the prices of goods were
affected, so consumers were forced to shop online because they could afford it. In addition,
Hameli (2018) says that retail is one of the ways of doing business in last paragraph.
According to Kumar, Abdin (2021) The loss of a person's job also affects their availability of
products in the market due to the absence of the money they used to receive.
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Job Security
Cox (2023) “Mass cuts and economic headwinds have created a global job security
crisis, with more than a third of workers now afraid of getting laid off, according to a survey
of 35,000 people. The results of human resources service provider Randstad’s annual work
monitor report showed that some 52% of respondents are worried about the impact of
economic uncertainty on their job security, and that over a third (37%) are explicitly
concerned about losing their job. Younger workers—aged between 18 and 24, and broadly
classed as Gen Z—are particularly anxious, with 43% saying that they’re scared of losing
their job, representing a 10-percentage point increase on last year’s number.”
Witte (2005) “The same objective situation (e.g., a decline in company orders) may
be interpreted in various ways by different workers. It may provoke feelings of insecurity
for some, whereas their job continuity is (‘objectively speaking’) not at stake. Others, on
the contrary, may feel particularly secure about their jobs, even though they will be
dismissed soon afterwards. Subsequently, what typifies this subjective conceptualization of
job insecurity is that it concerns insecurity about the future: Insecure employees are
uncertain about whether they will retain or lose their current job.”
Ogunbanjo (2021) “Job satisfaction and job security significantly correlate with
commitment of library personnel. The duo is an interrelated constructs that impinge on
personnel attitudes and commitment of library personnel. Library personnel who enjoy job
satisfaction would demonstrate a remarkable commitment to their libraries. It can be
deduced that library personnel who have job satisfaction and feel secured on their jobs are
likely to demonstrate a remarkable 14 commitment to their academic libraries. However,

XXVI
job satisfaction is a more effective factor in determining organizational commitment than
job security.”
Kumar (2019) “There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the
perception of job security and job performance. This means that the more secure an
employee feels at a job, the better he or she will perform. These findings appropriate sense
of job security is offered to employees. Also, unionized employees feel more secure than
nonunionized employees, but that does not seem to be related to salaries since there is no
difference in salaries among the two groups. The employees with more job satisfaction have
indicated a higher performance evaluation score. Henceforth, developing a higher level of
job satisfaction among the employees of an organization would, in turn help them to
enhance their performance also.”
Kwabiah et Al. (2016) “In conclusion, job security, job satisfaction and organizational
commitment are better obtained through well packaged welfare programmes, decision
procedure and conducive workplace environment that will make employees see
management as having concern for them and they in turn will remain committed to the
organization and subsequently perform to their best optimum as expected by the
management.”
As seen from the statements above, paragraphs 1 & 2 states that the reason why
employees leave their work is because of the job insecurity which means that they are
uncertain on their job. Meanwhile, paragraphs 3-5 states that employees who feel job
satisfaction at work, are the ones likely to stay or remain with their job.
XXVII
Spending Habits
Juneja (2018) states that family plays an important role in influencing the buying
decisions of individuals. An individual tends to discuss with his immediate family members
before purchasing a particular product or service. Family members might support an
individual’s decision to buy a particular product, stop him for purchasing it or suggest few
other options.
(Perculeza et. al, 2020) “According to a study conducted at the Lyceum of the
Philippines University - Batangas, it was determined that the current spending status of the
teaching personnel in the university had been more focused on their basic necessities.
Furthermore, it also concluded that aside from their commodities, they’re also experiencing
excessive spending on unnecessary things.”
Fhrizz S. De Jesus, Margie B. De Jesus (2021) “The respondents improve their
spending habits for their leisure activities to use their money effectively and efficiently.
Also, it was recommended by the researchers to improve the financial management of the
respondents so that it may not lead to family misunderstanding.”
Nor Fazleena Binti Azmi, Suresh Ramakrishnan (2018) “Spending habits in the most
desirable way is one of the factors that can lead to financial satisfaction. Therefore, financial
satisfaction depends on the ability of people to manage and take control of their personal
finance in order to improve their financial decision making and financial status.”
Kumar, Abdin (2021) “Job loss, reduction of income, reduction in the capability to
spend are some of the major impacts of pandemics. In our study, 65% of respondents lost
their job due to COVID-19. Epidemics and pandemics have almost similar impacts on the
XXVIII
behavior of rural and urban consumers in India. However, the closure of eateries, cinema
halls, recreation places in urban has more impact on consumers in urban areas.”
As stated from above, the spending habits of a person is affected by personal factors
which makes the spend on some things which is necessary. One factor that also greatly
affects the spending habits of a person is the natural force just like the COVID-19 which
makes them buy impulsively whether thru online or in physical stores.

XXIX
Interests
Marquerette, Hamida (2023) “Based on the results of research conducted on e-
commerce users at the TikTok Shop regarding the influence of affiliate marketing and
service features on consumer buying interest, it can be concluded that the influence of
affiliate marketing and service features has a positive effect both partially and
simultaneously on consumer buying interest in e-commerce. With the positive influence of
service features on buying interest, it is hoped that service features in the form of live
streaming that already exist in the TikTok Shop will be maintained, and other service
features will continue to be improved so that e-commerce consumers in the TikTok Shop
can more easily make purchases, access products or track their orders on the TikTok Shop
thereby increasing interest in e-commerce shopping at the TikTok Shop.”
Zhao et al. (2021) “Product pricing and packaging have a statistically significant
relationship with the buyer’s decision process. At the same time, the introduction of
satisfaction leads to the observation of full mediation in the case of product pricing and
partial mediation in product packaging. Despite knowing that both the variables have a
statistically significant relationship with the consumer buying behavior.”
Albert et al. (2022) “During the Covid-19 period, the demand for goods decreased so
management must be able to achieve the company's target by increasing consumer buying
interest.”
Andani, Oetarjo (2022) “In an effort to bring in new customers and also retain
customers, it requires high buying interest from consumers who ultimately make
purchasing decisions. There are several factors that must be considered by entrepreneurs
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in starting a business, namely to coincide with the selection of location, price, and
consumer satisfaction.”
Magdalena et al. (2023) “This study has a problem formulation, namely whether
price perception affects consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce and whether
promotion affects consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce and whether online
customer reviews affect consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce.”
It is stated above that a person’s interest in buying is perceived on how he or she
approaches the product. Whether it is a physical or an online store, consumers put an
impact with the company’s target quota making both the company and the consumer
benefit from the product.

XXXI
Buying Behavior/Attitude
According to Qazzafi (2019), this research studied on consumer buying decision
making process. Based on the analysis it can be concluded, consumer uses all five stages
during decision making process in those products which purchase rarely or occasionally
with the high involvement. The consumer purchase goods or services with low involvement
in decision making if the product is daily usage or low-cost products. For buying daily usage
products, the most probability is to skip the one or more than one stages in the decision-
making process. The peoples buy a goods or services whenever need started.
Mohammad (2019) “It can be concluded that customers who use online review and
posted experiences by other costumer as aid to make their final decision regarding product
alternatives. The online review can positively or negatively influence any brand or product
depending on the number of review and comments. The positive review of online comment
can greatly influence customers buying behavior.”
Ahmad, M. B., Ali, H. F., Malik, M. S., Humayun, A. A., & Ahmad, S. (2019) “Fashion
involvement, positive mood and impulse buying play an important role as they motivate
individuals for spontaneous buying. Hence, marketing managers should try to focus on
those strategies which are able to enhance positivity in emotional environment by
concentrating on customers’ interest and entertainment.”
Putter (2017) “Companies are continually looking to new methods for reaching
consumers and for shaping consumer behaviours, including brand loyalty and intention to
buy. The changing technological era has led to increased activity in social network
platforms like Facebook, YouTube and Twitter, all of which have created mechanisms
XXXII
through which consumers can develop rapport and create interactions with brand-specific
content.”
Voramontri, Klieb (2019) “Finally, the study shows that the use of social media
improved satisfaction for consumers during the initial stages of information search and
alternative evaluation but did not help much in improving satisfaction in the purchase
decision stage, nor in the post-purchase evaluation. Many consumers are just as satisfied to
reach their purchase decisions in the traditional physical stores after having conducted
their search and evaluation online; which means that brick-and-mortar shops have not yet
lost their significance.”
The statements above show relation with each other for it is shown that whether
buying in a physical store or an online store improves the customers satisfaction and
loyalty not only to the brand but to the store. It also enhances their ability to pick whether
this product will be helpful to them if they buy it which makes them a smart buyer.
XXXIII
Consumption Habits
Sophia Matveeva (2019) “Marketers, advertisers and political strategists have
known this for a long time, but the field of studying human behavior within the context of
business and economics has only recently become fashionable. Behavioral economists
attempt to explain how people actually behave, rather than how they should behave.”
Juliet Schor (2023) “All consumption has environment impacts and one of the issues
I have been most concerned with in my work is the scale of consumption.”
Dr. Chauhan & Shah (2020) “As COVID-19 becomes a global pandemic, governments
and organizations continue to work toward containing COVID-19 and stemming the
growing humanitarian toll it is exacting. Meanwhile, globally as well as locally, consumers
are feeling its economic effects.”
Nemeth et. Al, (2019) “One of the most important findings of the research is that the
continuation of studies on food consumption habits and community behavior is crucial,
because students are interested in knowing about the diet and cultural traditions.”
Nangia et. Al (2023) “Responsible consumption entails doing more with less, which
can be accomplished by decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation,
enhancing resource efficiency, and encouraging sustainable lifestyles, thereby integrating
sustainable development goals.”
According to Sophia Matveeva, business and economics have been studied by
marketers, advertising, and political strategists for a long time with the goal of discovering
it recently. Comparable to last year, it appears that business and economics have lost their
significance as a result of the global effects of the Covid-19 outbreak. Our economy and
XXXIV
major corporations continue to suffer from the spread of COVID-19, which has not only had
an impact on them but also on consumer purchasing habits. However, considering other
srudents that they are interested in learning about the place's culture and dietary
traditions, take an active interest in eating habits and social behavior, much like we do as
student researchers. Additionally, because of their way of life, a culture's traditions are
beneficial in a place. Residents can employ these traditions to be economical and minimize
costs to sustain their way of life and also benefit from.

XXXV
Financial Capability
Xiao et. Al, (2022) “Financial capability initiatives are becoming increasingly
important in this environment. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the current
state of knowledge on financial capability. financial capability definitions and proposed an
alternative definition according to which financial capability is defined as an individual
ability to apply appropriate financial knowledge, perform desirable financial behaviors, and
take available financial opportunities for achieving financial wellbeing.”
Xiao, Porto (2017) “Using a large nationally representative dataset, the results show
that subjective financial literacy, desirable financial behavior, and the financial capability
index are strong mediators between financial education and financial satisfaction, while
objective financial literacy and perceived financial capability are weaker mediators. The
results suggest that financial education has multiple benefits for improving financial well-
being such as facilitating knowledge acquisition, enhancing confidence in knowledge and
ability, and encouraging action taking.”
Guo et al. (2023) “Using the concept of financial capability, our study provides a
unique approach to the financial well-being of low-income entrepreneurs. The study has
several limitations. While the 2016 NFWS data provides a national representative sample
and well-established measurement for financial capability and financial well-being, it was
collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, future search should further examine
how the pandemic has affected the links between financial capability and financial well-
being when such data is made available. In addition, given the small sample size of low-
income entrepreneurs in the study and the cross-sectional correlation design, it is not
possible to identify the causal impacts of financial capability on financial well-being.”

XXXVI
Sun, Chen (2022) “Financial capability, the combination of financial literacy (ability
to act) and financial access (opportunity to act), improves people’s access to resources, and
thus has the potential to improve health and well-being.”
Mort et al. (2022) “The continuous global resurgence of economic and financial
meltdown, often with its attendant adverse effects on Africa, makes it imperative for social
work education to consider introducing financial literacy training for students to ensure
that graduates of social work can affect change among populations it serves.”
It is stated that being a literate and having wisdom have an effect on your financial
capability because you’ll know on how to spend your money wisely which can have an
impact with your lifestyle.

XXXVII
Related Studies
Prices of Basic-good in Market
Antonio et. Al, (2023) “The price and availability of goods are two things that are
interrelated with each other, if the price set is profitable, a company will be able to produce
more availability of goods than the previous production.”
Paica, Hinlo (2019) “Rising food prices can have a devastating effect on the health of
poor households by making it more difficult for them to afford basic food baskets and pose
a serious threat to food security at both household and country level.”
Mariyam, Malik (2020) “This practice significantly affects transmission of asset
prices into goods prices, which has serious implications for income distribution. This paper
sets the objectives of estimating transmission of asset prices into goods prices and the role
of monetary policy in influencing this transmission.”
Bambauer-Sachse, Young (2023) “Variations for homogenous goods compared to the
heterogeneous nature of services may lead to higher perceived complexity in the case of
dynamic prices used for goods. Strong feelings of exploitation and high price complexity
perceptions lead to negative consumer responses.”
Chen, Xu (2022) “The price adjustment frequency in the data period is calculated to
determine the price stickiness of consumer goods. The range and absolute value of
commodity prices are determined to adjust the price stickiness tendency of consumer
goods.”
Antonio et al. contend as a result the cost and availability of the commodities are
correlated in this study, changes in either one will result in changes in the other. Poor
XXXVIII
households will be unable to purchase the essential food and other necessities due to the
change, whether it increases or reduces. On the other hand, consumers will feel negatively
as a result of the significant change. Not only will consumers become affected, but it is also
going to impact the markets because of the price of the goods, and these will make
consumers feel negatively and cause them to respond negatively to the markets.
XXXIX
Family Income
Jayashankar, Murphy (2023) “Prior research suggests that inflation hits low-income
households hardest for several reasons. They spend more of their income on necessities
such as food, gas and rent—categories with greater-than-average inflation rates—leaving
few ways to reduce spending. When prices rise, middle-income households may react by
consuming cheaper goods and buying more generic brands. Low-income households do not
have the same flexibility; in many cases, they are already consuming the cheapest products.”
Simeonova et al. (2018) “The results suggest that increasing household income does,
indeed, have a substantial impact on participatory inequality. Cash transfers help
disadvantaged children catch up with their more advantaged peers. However, the
unconditional cash transfers have little to no effect on parents’ generation nor on the
children raised in initially better-off households.”
Altonji, Hynsjo, Vidangos (2021) “Individual earnings alone depend upon education
and other permanent skill and labor supply preference determinants. Earnings are also
driven by job-search-related shocks to wages, changes in worker-specific productivity
stemming from health events as well as firm and occupation level shifts in product demand,
layoffs, and factors that shift work preferences over time. Furthermore, individual earnings
are only part of family income. One must also consider fertility, marriage and divorce,
marital sorting, shocks affecting the earnings of a spouse, and determination of nonlabor
income.”
Fowler et. Al (2021) “The development of a digital intervention package with a user-
centered design approach addresses essential gaps in care by providing training to

XL
providers and interventionists, treatment delivery support through digital portals, and
patient-informed family resources. By engaging key stakeholders to inform the packaging of
FBT, this study creates a tailored and rigorous intervention for addressing childhood
obesity in primary care settings. The results of our study hold promise for significant
implications for clinicians, payers, policymakers, and, above all, patients and families.”
Blanden, Gregg (2017) “Our evidence clearly indicates that there exist some
important relationships between family income and educational attainment in the UK and
that these relationships have been strengthening through time. In addition, as far as the
data allows, we have also found evidence that income does have a causal impact on
educational outcomes.”
The statements above show an effect on the livelihood of the family wherein cash
have an impact with the kids, with the job, and the family budget. It was also stated that it
has an impact on the economic factors of an individual.

XLI
Availability of goods in market
Grubor, Milićević, Djokic (2023) “A higher level of store product availability
compared to shelf product availability (both measured by stock-out rates) implies the
inefficient execution of the replenishment process. The shelf stock-out rate is for 1.11%
higher than the store stock-out rate, which represents a significant percentage of “phantom
products”. In this respect, almost one-fifth of shelf stock-outs were caused by problems
related to in-store operations.”
Mahaputra, Saputra (2020) “According to Goestjahjanti, 2016, purchasing power is
the ability of people as consumers to buy goods or services needed. The purchasing power
of the people is indicated by an increase or decrease, where purchasing power increases if
it is higher than the previous period. In contrast, the purchasing power decreases, which is
indicated by a higher purchasing power of the people than in the previous period.”
Hashem (2020) “The convenience that consumption via the Internet provides while
staying at home, and with the generalization and spread of technology and the
development of smart phone applications, the digital and electronic aspect of retail
business may be strengthened faster than previous expectations worldwide.”
Ben-David, Bos (2021) “In turn, higher consumption is thought to affect
intertemporal substitution through the budget constraint. Until now, only a few empirical
studies have been able to provide evidence from the field that, indeed, the supply of such
goods has a meaningful effect on household finances, particularly on households of low
socioeconomic status.”
XLII
Avlijaš (2018) “High item density, probit regression revealed another significant
driver, as reflected in higher store sales. Higher sales consequently contribute to higher
inventory turnover and demand variation, which are already proven to be high-risk SKU-
related drivers of retail stocks out.”
Based on the review of the study, it can be concluded that the goods that are
available in the open market depends on the demand of the people. It also has an effect on
the purchasing power of an individual and lower income families are greatly affected by
this. This can also be observed by using the Law of Supply & Demand.
XLIII
Job Security
Jarosch (2021) “The loss in job security reduces workers’ future employment rates
and keeps their wages depressed. I argue that key driver of the long-term losses is the
original loss of job security and its interaction with the evolution of human capital.”
Foster, Guttman (2018) “We find that greater perceived job security is associated
with higher wage growth, over and above the other factors in the model. A worker who is
only 50 per cent sure that they will keep their job over the next year will have annual wage
growth that is around 0.8 percentage points lower than worker who is certain they will
keep their job. As such, weaker job security perceptions have provided a small drag on
wage growth in recent years.”
Salim, Mushood (2022) “This implies that actually for the employees in this
company or in Pakistan these three central factors (motivation, job satisfaction and job
security) are very important to remain with the organization for which they are working.
This also shows that for employee retention these three factors are central for employees in
Varioline Intercool. As it was also mentioned in our theoretical framework that according to
(Dugovičová , 2019) Financial incentives, job attributes, appreciation, career advancement,
reward & recognition, management, respect and work-life balance are important
motivating elements that influence employee retention.”
Najmulmunir (2020) “There are many researchers focuses on employee’s
motivational system of sales organization, but in rare cases any study investigated pay and
job security of sales force motivators in Indonesia. It is found that employee’s pay and
XLIV
higher job security are the most important factors which has significant contribution to the
motivation of sales force.”
Matzler et al., 2004; McCarthy et al., (2020) “From this study, it is found that
employee empowerment, job security, management support, and attractive compensation
have a positive and significant impact on employees’ job satisfaction. Since banks are
expanding quickly in the emerging market, it is crucial to conduct research to identify the
factors that contribute to employees’ job satisfaction to remain competitive. Hence, if
employees are happy with the facilities they receive, they will be more productive in the
company and are less likely to switch to a new company.”
As seen from above, stated in paragraph 1 and 2, says that the cause of the fall of the
employment rate is the salary and wages. A worker is secured with his or her job if they
received a satisfying amount of salary. On the other hand, stated in paragraphs 3-5,
employees keep their job based on the motivational system and the satisfaction they get on
their jobs instead of the salary and wages. Therefore, it is really important to keep your
employees motivated to keep their job.

XLV
Spending Habits
Indriyarti et. Al, (2022) “Results of the study suggest that, in COVID-19 pandemic
conditions, the spending habits of Generation Z are not based on impulse, thrift, or
extravagance. The pandemic shaped specific motivations in spending habits, namely
prioritizing need. This study has limitations, including the small sample size and the use of
internal variables.”
Hall et. Al, (2021) “This natural groups experiment examined eight hypotheses
relating to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on excessive gaming, problem gambling
and loot box spending concern is associated with higher excessive gaming and risky loot
box engagement, and to a lesser extent, loot box spending. Problem gambling
symptomology is associated with greater loot box spending, and this effect is appreciably
stronger among people who are currently self-isolating or in quarantine.”
Liu, Dodd (2022) “Starting in 2020, COVID-19 generated countless troubles for all
businesses and consumers in society. As individual spending habits change during this
period, SMEs in the sports industry suffer the most due to their high vulnerability to social
changes. Thus, SMEs in sport-related businesses have to generate structural changes such
as pausing its businesses or involved into other industries so that they can survive in the
future.”
Andriani, Nugraha (2018) “Financial literacy or financial knowledge and the
spending habits between male and female employees. Male and female employees had low
financial literacy. Both genders also develop tight spending habits. Low financial literacy
indicates the need of financial education regarding how to develop financial planning to
XLVI
avoid unimportant buying (impulse buying) or to help them to understand the right
investment decision to provide alternative income.”
Sanil (2018) “Mostly respondents are considering carefully whether they can afford
or not before they buy something as well as the ability of them to pay their bills on time.
Most of respondents are doing well in manage their spending and less involved in
indebtedness as they are in highly financial literate.”
Stated in paragraphs 1-3, the spending habits of the people is greatly affected
because of the pandemic. The pandemic caused an increase in the prices of goods which
definitely had an impact on the purchasing power of the people. Meanwhile in paragraphs
4-5, states that gender and price affect their spending habits. An effective solution to fix this
is to do a financial planning to support their purchasing power.

XLVII
Interests
Villanueva et. Al, (2023) “Student's living become more difficult because of rapidly
rising price. With small amount of support money from their parents, students hard to live
well. The cost of living is rising and students’ quality of life is lower.”
Gu (2021) “The coronavirus pandemic has shown an increase in visits to online
supermarkets. This finding indicated online shoppers' commitment to everyday shopping
online purchasing behavior was influenced by Consumer Awareness and Experience and
Introversion, and other factors had little impact. The situations changed, however, as the
COVID-19 pandemic continued to spread. Consumer Awareness and Experience increased
its influence, as did the Promptness in Decision Making. Introversion, on the other hand,
lost its impact.”
Fosterah, Johansyah (2019) “Product quality directly on buying interest in Lazada, it
is not expected that Lazada can continue to improve product quality, and provide the
quality that is expected by its customers. The effect of prices directly has a significant
influence on buying interest, and it is indicated that prices can influence the consumers
buying interest in Lazada.”
Cham et al. (2021) “Brand image provides consumers with an overall perception of
the product and it somehow influences them cognitively. Clothing manufacturers need to
adopt an effective advertising strategy to communicate and to instill a positive image in the
mind of the consumers. They may use media ads, promotion campaigns, spokesperson, and
sponsorship to change consumers’ perception towards their products.”

XLVIII
Cozer (2018) “The findings show that perception on second-hand clothes seems to
vary according to age of the participants, as well as their intention to purchase in second-
hand clothing stores. It appears to be that elderly people are more likely to avoid the idea of
buying second-hand clothes. Those people are very affected by their values and beliefs
against second-hand clothes due to hygienic and personality aspects. Moreover, it could be
concluded that for those people, secondhand clothing stores are intended places for people
with less financial condition and perhaps it is not attractive to them. On the other hand, for
young people, second-hand clothes are not attractive because they are not fashion.”
As stated from above, the interest of every consumer is affected by their cognitive
thinking or the way they see products if it is in trend or not. It is also affected by their age,
their advertisement and the way they promote their products because they differ in
perceptions.
XLIX
Buying Behavior/Attitude
Karangi (2016) “Consumer buying behaviour on household products is influenced
by a unique set of social and cultural factors, psychological/personal class factors,
demographic factors and economic factors. These factors are non-controllable by producers
or marketers but should be aware of these factors and take them into account while
formulating their marketing strategies.”
Newas (2021) “Although religiosity can influence consumers’ behaviour, and buying
decisions in particular, the effectiveness of religiosity as a determinant for differentiating
consumers remains almost unexplored. As a result of this oversight, marketing theory and
practice is not completely established. In this regard, this study endeavours to provide
some initial suggestions to confirm that religiosity is one of the most important and
pervasive forces to influence consumer behaviour.”
Kwenda (2022) “The first discussion was the examination of the relationship
between ambient cues comprising music, colours, cleanliness and lighting and consumer
behaviour. It was noted that when regression analysis was conducted, findings indicated
that music, lighting, and colour have a minimal effect on consumer buying behaviour and
attitudes. It was also found that cleanliness had the greatest effect on consumer behaviour
and music had the least effect consumer behaviour such as visiting the retailer and
recommending the sore to their loved ones.”
Zhao (2022) “For the preliminary analysis, we mainly analyze the different
consumption patterns and trends in different time frames, such as hour-level in a day, day-
L
level in a week and the whole consumption trend through several months. Furthermore, we
analyze the influence of demographic factors, social status and special shopping events.”
Rolef (2021) “The study on free-trial promotions contributes to promotional
literature by investigating on the basis of panel data how a free service trial affects
consumers’ adoption decision. Because a free trial enables consumers to use the service
freely during a consumption period, we include usage to understand its effect on a trial’s
effectiveness. We also contribute to innovation adoption literature in that we are among the
first to study a sales promotion’s effects on adoption of an innovative contractual service.
The results of our study reveal that, although a free trial may lead to an increase in adoption
likelihood, this is not always the case.”
As stated from above, all the studies that was gathered states the same thing. The
buying behavior of the consumer is greatly affected by the cultural factors. Each of the
consumers have different perceptions when it comes to attitude and buying.

LI
Consumption Habits
Gudata, Imana (2019) “Khat consumption habit does have a linkage to the bad
economic situation of consumer households. It places a significant financial and time
burdens on individuals, and as a result society. The work and saving culture of khat
consumers are negatively affected. Khat consumption forces many into a cycle of borrowing
and indebtedness. Concerned bodies should not underestimate the impacts of khat
consumption on individuals and society.”
Yudina (2017) “Consumers would not feel any guilt when they are buying, and they
might reason that their money is supporting sustainable apparel. If the goal of the
Sustainable Apparel Coalition is to decrease levels of consumption, then they should create
a marketing campaign or a section in the communication toolkit about consuming less
apparel, in general. Otherwise, the Higg Index scores will not increase sustainable
consumption habits, but they will increase awareness towards environmental and social
problems that occur in the apparel and footwear industries.”
Zsigmond et. Al, (2022) “Consumer behavior involves the experience resulting from
using the product or service, as well as show we share our experience and opinions about
the product with others. The way of sharing this experience and opinion can vary
significantly in terms of generations.”
Sardianos et. Al, (2021) “User energy consumption is inductively derived from the
time-to-time standards of living that shape the users’ everyday consumption habits. This
work builds on the detection of repeated usage consumption patterns from consumption
logs. It presents the structure and operation of an energy consumption reduction system,
LII
which employs a set of sensors, smart-meters and actuators in an office environment and
targets specific user habits.”
Angoshtari et. Al (2020) “Infinite-horizon optimal consumption problem for an
individual who forms a consumption habit based on an exponentially-weighted average of
her past rate of consumption. The novelty of our approach is in introducing habit formation
through a constraint, rather than through the objective function, as is customary in the
existing habit-formation literature.”
Gudata Imana states that the consumer household's purchase habits have a negative
impact on its financial status. Time management is also essential for a healthy society in
addition to these other essentials. Some consumers no longer feel guilty about their
purchases since they understand that their purchases help to support the manufacturing
process of apparel. As a result, it is having an impact on how people behaved as consumers
because they felt more comfortable spending or losing money, and because they could now
appropriately express their product experiences and opinions. Furthermore, it had been
stated that time management is required for users' regular consumption patterns. This is in
addition to the fact that energy use is sometimes necessary due to common living.
LIII
Financial Capability
Hasler et. Al, (2021) “This paper shows that even before the pandemic, a substantial
share of households was already anxious and stressed about their personal finances.”
Prabhakar (2021) “Financial capability, which refers to the knowledge, skills, and
confidence of people to make financial choices. It is possible that people have full access to
the financial system but still make poor choices because they lack the capacity to make
informed.”
Rajna (2019) “This expectation has heightened the requirement for a financial
capability intervention program on the financial wellbeing of the medical practitioners.”
Lowies et al. (2019) “Older people need to have the financial capability, including
appropriate skills, attitudes, motivations and confidence, to make appropriate decisions for
their future financial wellbeing.”
Shibikom (2017) “This is followed by a discussion of findings on the role of financial
capability in money management and developmental resources children in low-income
families. Throughout the discussion, I am guided by the conceptual understanding of
financial capability as a construct that incorporates both financial knowledge and financial
inclusion.”
LIV
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the research design, subjects of the study, research
instrument, research procedure, research procedure, and statistical treatment to gather
data and information relevant to the market inflation and lifestyle of selected families in
Barangay Alaminos, Laguna, namely Poblacion Uno, Poblacion Dos, Poblacion Tres,
Poblacion Cuatro.
Research Design
The researchers used the convenience sampling method. This can be due to
geographical proximity, availability at a given time, or willingness to participate in the
research. Sometimes called accidental sampling, convenience sampling is a type of non-
random sampling.
The convenience sampling method was preferred since it is quick, inexpensive and
convenient to use for a manageable number of respondents and can be accomplished with
limited resources. A survey instrument is used to obtain data from randomly selected
families.
The process of convenience sampling method involves using respondents who are
“convenient to the researcher. There is no pattern whatsoever in acquiring these
respondents—they may be recruited merely asking people who are present in the street, in
a public building, or in a workplace. Since the investigation is concerned with Market
Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.

LV
Respondents of the Study
Randomly selected Barangay in Alaminos Laguna from the Barangay Uno, Dos, Tres,
and Cuatro was used as respondent in this study. In Alaminos laguna there are 15
Barangays namely Del Carmen, Palma, Barangay Uno, Barangay Dos, Barangay Tres,
Barangay Cuatro, San Agustin, San Andres, San Benito, San Gregorio, San Ildefonso, San
Juan, San Miguel, San roque, Santa rosa.
Twenty-five (25) selected respondents from Barangay Uno, twenty-five (25) from
Barangay Dos, twenty-five (25) from Barangay Tres, twenty-five (25) from Barangay Cuatro
were used as respondent of this research. The independent variable included Market
Inflation within Alaminos, Laguna. On the other hand, Lifestyle was used as an indicator for
dependent variable.
Sampling Technique
According to Obilor (2023), this sampling method derives primarily from the
researcher’s ability to access the sample of the study. Randomly selected families from
different barangays were used as respondents in the conduct of research.
Research Instrument
The instrument used in the study is a survey questionnaire-checklist. The
questionnaire is a research-made instrument devised to determine the effects of market
inflation to the lifestyle of families in Alaminos, Laguna. The first part of the questionnaire
includes the personal data of the respondents such as name, age, gender, location, family
size, monthly income of the family, and source of income. The second part of the
LVI
questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale to find out the mean level of market inflation
and lifestyle of families in Alaminos, Laguna.
In the questionnaire, a five-point rating scale indicated below were used.
Scale Market Inflation Lifestyle
1 Strongly Agree Strongly Agree
2 Agree Agree
3 Neither agree or disagree Neither agree or disagree
4 Disagree Disagree
5 Strongly Disagree Strongly Disagree
In the construction of questionnaire described above, an extensive review of various
books, publications and internet sites were used. An initial draft of the research tool was
prepared and presented to professors and panel members for comments and suggestions.
Validation was used to assess the representation of the items with those of others dealing
with same area of investigation. The assistance of the adviser relevant to the contents of the
questionnaire was solicited. The final form of the questionnaire was reproduced and
administered to respective respondents.
Research Procedure
The researchers sought permission from the Barangay Captains of selected
Barangays in Alaminos, Laguna. Upon approval, a meeting was set to meet the respondents
before the actual administration of the questionnaire in order to orient them relative to the
LVII
purpose of the study. The respondent was oriented on how to accomplish the entire set of
questionnaires. The distribution and retrieval of questionnaire was administered
personally by the researcher in order to follow-up vague responses made by the
respondent to consistency check. The researcher explained fully the direction as well as the
purpose of the study before allowing the respondents to answer the questionnaire.
Later, the data were gathered, given the right statistical treatment, which will be
analyzed and interpreted.
Statistical Treatment
To find out the Effects of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of Selected Families in
Alaminos, Laguna, the responses were systematically tabulated to serve as the foundation
for the statistical treatment of the collected data. In the process of analyzing and
interpreting the acquired data, the study employed various statistical tools.
The following statistical tools were used to determine the effects of market inflation
to the lifestyle of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna:
For sub-problem 1 – Profile (Percentage)
For sub-problem 2 – Independent Variable (Mean, S.D.)
For sub-problem 3 – Dependent Variable (Mean, S.D.)
For sub-problem 4 – Hypothesis (ANOVA)

LVIII
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the data gathered that determined the Effects of Market Inflation to
the Lifestyle of Selected Families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Table 1.1. Age profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Age Frequency Percentage

Teenager (19 below) 20 20%
Middle Age (20-59) 68 68%
Senior (60 above) 12 12%
In the table shown above are the age of the respondents. The total of teenage
respondents (19 below) has frequency of 20 which resulted to 20 percent. The total of
middle age respondents (20-59) has frequency of 68 which resulted to 68 percent. And the
total of senior respondents has frequency of 12 which resulted to 12 percent.
As seen from the table above, it is evident that most of the respondents are aged 20
years old to 59 years old. We concluded that it is because they are below senior and they
have higher chances of being chosen as an applicant for a job. Second came are the
respondents aged 19 below. It is concluded that they came second highest in the tally
because they are the ones most likely to be left in their house while their parents are at
work likewise with the third highest which is senior aged respondents.
LIX
Table 1.2. Gender profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 44 44%
Female 56 56%
Prefer not to say 0 0%
In the table shown above are the gender of the respondents. The total of male
respondents got a frequency of 44 which resulted to 44 percent. The female respondents
got a frequency of 56 which resulted to 56 percent. The total frequency of female
respondents compared to male respondents is higher.
As seen from the table above, it is evident that there are more female respondents
than male respondents. We concluded that it is because females are more likely to stay in
the house doing different household chores. Meanwhile, the males go to work during the
day, which is the time of our distribution of questionnaires.

LX
Table 1.3. Location profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Poblacion Frequency Percentage

Uno 29 29%
Dos 23 23%
Tres 24 24%
Quatro 24 24%
In the table shown above are the location profile of the respondents. The total
frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Uno is 29 which resulted to 29 percent. The
total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Dos is 23 which resulted to 23 percent.
The total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Tres is 24 which resulted to 24
percent. And the total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Quatro is 24 which
resulted to 24 percent.
LXI
Table 1.4. Family size profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Family Size Frequency Percentage

Family with no children 18 18%
Family with 1-2 children 30 30%
In the table shown above are the family size profile of respondents. The total
frequency of families with no children is 18 which resulted to 18 percent. The total
frequency of families with 1-2 children is 30 which resulted to 30 percent. The total
frequency of families with 3-5 children is 43. The total frequency of families with 6-8
children is 8. And one family did not prefer to say their family size.
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Table 1.5. Monthly income profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

Less than 5 thousand a month 39 39%
6-10 thousand a month 27 27%
11-20 thousand a month 20 20%
More than 20 thousand a month 14 14%
In the table shown above is the monthly income profile of the families. Families
generating less than 5 thousand a month got a frequency of 39 which resulted to 39
percent. Families generating 6 thousand to 10 thousand a month got a frequency of 27
which resulted to 27 percent. Families generating 11 thousand to 20 thousand a month got
a frequency of 20 which resulted to 20 percent. And families generating more than 20
thousand a month got a frequency of 14 which resulted to 14 percent.
As seen from the table above, it is evident that families generating less than 5
thousand a month has the highest frequency. We can conclude it is because most of the
families we interviewed are sari-sari store owners. And families generating more than 20
thousand a month have the lowest frequency.

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Table 1.6. Source of income profile of selected families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Source of Income Frequency Percentage

Employed 51 51%
Self-employed 42 42%
In the table shown above are the source of income profile of the respondents.
Respondents who are employed have a frequency of 51 which resulted to 51 percent.
Respondents who are self-employed have a frequency 42 which resulted to 42 percent. And
respondents who preferred not to say their source of income have a frequency of 7 which
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Table 2.
Table 2.1 Effect of Market Inflation to the Family’s Income of Selected Families in Alaminos,
Laguna.
Family Income Mea S. D V. I

n
1. We have enough family income to sustain our basic needs. 2.09 0.96 Agree
2. We borrow money because our monthly budget is not enough. 3.07 1.19 Neutral
3. We save money in a way that important things come first. 2.11 0.94 Agree
4. We put off our buying preferences or luxury materials. 3.07 1.11 Neutral
5. We are able to budget our money properly. 1.98 0.91 Agree
Over-all mean 2.46 1.02 Agree
Legend:
1.00 – 1.89 Strongly Agree
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
3.40 – 4.19 Disagree
4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Disagree
In the table shown above, the over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation
to the Family Income variable is 2.46 (M= 2.46, S.D. = 1.02) and the over-all interpretation is
Agree. The first indicator got a mean of 2.09 (M= 2.09, S.D. = 0.96), the third indicator got a
mean of 2.11 (M= 2.11, S.D. = 0.94) and fifth indicator got a mean of 1.98 (M= 1.98, S.D =
0.91), the three indicators got a verbal interpretation of agree. The second indicator got a
mean of 3.07 (M= 3.07, S.D. = 1.19) and the fourth indicator got a mean of 3.07 (M= 3.07,
S.D = 1.11), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral.
Jayashankar, Murphy (2023) “Prior research suggests that inflation hits low-income
households hardest for several reasons. They spend more of their income on necessities
such as food, gas and rent—categories with greater-than-average inflation rates—leaving
few ways to reduce spending. When prices rise, middle-income households may react by
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consuming cheaper goods and buying more generic brands. Low-income households do not
have the same flexibility; in many cases, they are already consuming the cheapest products.”
Based on the results shown in the table, we can see that inflation has an effect to the
income of the families. Despite the effect of inflation to the family's income, whether they
are low-income or medium-income households, they all have common characteristics, they
save money for important things. Although it is hard to earn money during inflation,
families can still budget their money and they find a way to sustain their basic needs.
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Table 2.2 Effect of Market Inflation to the Job Security of Selected Families in Alaminos,
Laguna.
Unemployment Mean S. D V. I
1. We experience non-immediate purchasing the needs. 3.11 0.99 Neutral
2. We eat at least three meals a day or have enough food. 2.29 1.21 Agree
3. We make a way to provide our daily needs. 2.43 1.22 Agree
4. We become depressed because there is not enough money to 3.19 1.14 Neutral
spend.
5. We suffer in poverty. 3.51 1.12 Disagree
Over-all mean 2.91 1.14 Neutral
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Job Security variable is 2.91 (M= 2.91, S.D. = 1.14) and the over-all interpretation is
neutral. The first indicator got a mean of 3.11 (M= 3.11, S.D. = 0.99), the fourth indicator got
a mean of 3.19 (M= 3.19, S.D. = 1.14), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral.
The second indicator got a mean of 2.29 (M= 2.29, S.D = 1.21), the third indicator got a
mean of 2.43 (M= 2.43, S.D. = 1.22), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of agree. And
the fifth indicator got a mean of 3.51 (M= 3.51, S.D. = 1.14) which got a verbal
interpretation of disagree.
Matzler et al., 2004; McCarthy et al., (2020) “From this study, it is found that
employee empowerment, job security, management support, and attractive compensation
have a positive and significant impact on employees’ job satisfaction. Since banks are
expanding quickly in the emerging market, it is crucial to conduct research to identify the
factors that contribute to employees’ job satisfaction to remain competitive. Hence, if

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employees are happy with the facilities they receive, they will be more productive in the
company and are less likely to switch to a new company”
Based on the results, families are either affected or not by the effect of inflation to
their jobs. According to the result, they still sustain their daily needs and can eat three
times a day because it seems that each family have enough salary making them contented
with their jobs and helps them avoid suffering through poverty.
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Table 2.3 Effect of Market Inflation to the Prices of Basic-good in the Market of Selected
Families in Alaminos, Laguna.
Increase of Commodity Prices Mean S. D V. I

1. We are not able to buy foods. 3.13 1.33 Neutral
2. We are able to budget our money despite the inflation. 2.14 1.00 Agree
3. We limit our purchase of daily needs. 2.52 1.00 Agree
4. We suffer due to the increase in the price of goods. 2.72 1.09 Neutral
5. We experience hunger. 3.60 1.21 Disagree
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Prices of Basic-good variable is 2.88 (M= 2.88, S.D. = 1.13) and the over-all
interpretation is neutral. The first indicator got a mean of 3.13 (M= 3.13, S.D. = 1.33), the
fourth indicator got a mean of 2.72 (M= 2.72, S.D. = 1.09), both indicators got a verbal
interpretation of neutral. The second indicator got a mean of 2.14 (M= 2.14, S.D = 1.00), the
third indicator got a mean of 2.52 (M= 2.52, S.D. = 1.00), both indicators got a verbal
interpretation of agree. And the fifth indicator got a mean of 3.60 (M= 3.60, S.D. = 1.13)
which got a verbal interpretation of disagree.
Based on the results shown in the table, we can see that inflation has either an effect
or have no effect to the prices of basic goods. The study says that the rise of food prices can
greatly affect households because families limit their purchase of daily needs. Despite the
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rise of prices, families are still able to budget their money and the families don’t experience
hunger.
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Table 2.4 Effect of Market Inflation to the Availability of Goods in the Market of Selected
Short Supply of Goods Mean S. D V. I

1. We are able to eat three (3) times a day. 1.46 0.67 Strongly
Agree
2. We are encountering high prices of good. 1.90 0.88 Agree
3. We are able to buy the food our family wants to eat. 1.84 0.75 Strongly
Agree
4. We plant vegetables in our backyard as an alternative for frozen 2.94 1.21 Neutral
vegetables.
5. We are acquiring other items even if they are different from 2.77 1.02 Neutral
necessary.
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Availability of Goods variable is 2.18 (M= 2.18, S.D. = 0.91) and the over-all
interpretation is Agree. The first indicator got a mean of 1.46 (M= 1.46, S.D. = 0.67), the
third indicator got a mean of 1.84 (M= 1.84, S.D. = 0.75) which both got a verbal
interpretation of strongly agree. The fourth indicator got a mean of 2.94 (M= 2.94, S.D. =
1.21), the fifth indicator got a mean of 2.77 (M= 2.77, S.D. = 1.02), both indicators got a
verbal interpretation of neutral. And the second indicator got a mean of 1.90 (M= 1.90, S.D.
= 0.88) which got a verbal interpretation of agree.
Ben-David, Bos (2021) “In turn, higher consumption is thought to affect
intertemporal substitution through the budget constraint. Until now, only a few empirical
studies have been able to provide evidence from the field that, indeed, the supply of such
LXXI
goods has a meaningful effect on household finances, particularly on households of low
socioeconomic status.”
Based on the results from the table and the related studies shown, it can be seen that
inflation has an effect to the family’s availability of goods. Families buy goods based on
what they can afford and their needs socioeconomic status. But on the other hand, families
are still able to eat more than 3 times a day. The selected families are still also able to eat
the food that their family wants to eat.

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Table 3. Dependent Variable
Table 3.1 Effects of Market Inflation to the Spending Habits of Families of Selected Families
Spending Habits Mean S. D V. I

1. We buy things we don’t usually need. 3.30 1.08 Neutral
2. We buy luxurious brands like Gucci, Louis Vuitton, etc. 4.03 0.95 Disagree
3. We often struggle to meet our expenses. 3.21 1.04 Neutral
4. We manage to save money at each end of the month. 2.61 1.04 Neutral
5. We spend everything that we earn. 3.20 1.10 Neutral
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Spending Habits variable is 3.27 (M=3.27 SD=1.04) and the over-all interpretation is
Neutral. The first indicator got a mean of 3.30 (M=3.30, S.D. = 1.08), the third indicator got a
mean of 3.21 (M=3.21 SD=1.04), the fourth indicator got a mean of 2.61 and standard
deviation of 1.04 (M=2.61 SD=1.04), the fifth indicator got a mean of 3.20 and standard
deviation of 1.10 (M=3.20 SD=1.10), the four indicators got a verbal interpretation of
neutral, on the other hand, only one got a verbal interpretation of disagree which is the
second indicator with a mean of 4.03 (M=4.03, S.D. = 0.95).
Sanil (2018) “Most respondents are considering carefully whether they can afford or
not before they buy something as well as the ability of them to pay their bills on time. Most
of respondent are doing well in manage their spending and less involved in indebtedness as
they are in highly financial literate.”

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Based on our results got on the effect of market inflation on a person's spending
habits, they do the right thing, they don't spend too much, especially on luxurious materials.
They prioritize their needs over other things or wants. This is similar to the related studies
we got; they are doing well in managing on how they spend their money.
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Table 3.2 Effects of Market Inflation to the Consumption Habits of Families of Selected
Consumption Habits Mea S. D V. I

n
1. We have savings even there are increase in prices. 2.37 1.06 Agree
2. We limit our buying habits of items due to the price increase. 2.40 0.95 Agree
3. We are encouraged to buy things especially if there is a discount. 2.48 1.08 Agree
4. We save our allowance depending on the cost of the clothing. 2.62 1.01 Neutral
5. We need to pick up the necessities 2.53 1.02 Agree
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
The Effect of Market Inflation to the Consumption Habits variable got an over-all
mean (M=2.48, S.D.=1.02) and the over-all interpretation is Agree. The first indicator got a
mean 2.37 and standard deviation of 1.06 (M=2.37, S.D.=1.06), the second indicator got a
mean 2.40 and standard deviation of 0.95 (M=2.40, S.D.=0.95), the third indicator got a
mean 2.48 and standard deviation of 1.08 (M=2.48, S.D.=1.08), the fourth indicator got a
mean 2.53 and standard deviation of 1.02 (M=2.53, S.D.=1.02). They are got verbal
interpretation of agree. Only one got a verbal interpretation of neutral with a mean of 2.62
(M=2.62, S. D. = 1.01).
Yudina (2017) “Consumers would not feel any guilt when they are buying, and they
might reason that their money is supporting sustainable apparel. If the goal of the
Sustainable Apparel Coalition is to decrease levels of consumption, then they should create
a marketing campaign or a section in the communication toolkit about consuming less
apparel, in general. Otherwise, the Higg Index scores will not increase sustainable
LXXV
consumption habits, but they will increase awareness towards environmental and social
problems that occur in the apparel and footwear industries.”
In table shown above in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Consumption Habits of
Selected Families in Alaminos Laguna, most of the respondents are agreeing that they are
affected when it comes the buying behavior due to the price increase and they are picking
up goods and apparel necessities. Based on our results gotten on The Effect of Market
Inflation to the Consumption Habits, they also do the same thing on the study and
according to Yudina (2017), they would not complain about the price if the price is
reasonable enough and affordable because it would meet their budget when it comes to
clothing.
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Table 3.3 Effect of Market Inflation to the Buying Behavior of Families of Selected Families
Buying Behavior Mea S. D V. I

n
1. We change our decisions depending on the price of product. 2.17 0.92 Agree
2. We only invest money in the important things. 2.27 1.13 Agree
3. We decide to buy in packs and carts since it is less expense and 2.37 1.13 Agree
can save money.
4. We manage to save money at each end of the month. 2.40 1.02 Agree
5. We spend everything that we earn. 2.99 1.23 Neutral
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
In the table shown above, the Effect of Market Inflation to Buying Behavior variable
got an over-all mean of 2.44 (M=2,44, S.D.=1.08) and the over-all interpretation is Agree.
The first indicator got a mean 2.17 and standard deviation of 0.92 (M=2.17, S.D.=0.92), the
second indicator got a mean 2.27 and standard deviation of 1.13 (M=2.27, S.D.=1.13), the
third indicator got a mean 2.37 and standard deviation of 1.13 (M=2.37, S.D.=1.13), the
fourth indicator got a mean 2.40 and standard deviation of 1.02 (M=2.40, S.D.=1.02). They
are got a verbal interpretation of agree. Only one got a verbal interpretation of neutral with
a mean of 2.99 (M=2.99).
Qazzafi (2019) “this research studied on consumer buying decision making process.
Based on the analysis it can be concluded, consumer uses all five stages during decision
making process in those products which purchase rarely or occasionally with the high
involvement. The consumer purchase goods or services with low involvement in decision
making if the product is daily usage or low-cost products. For buying daily usage products,
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the most probability is to skip the one or more than one stages in the decision-making
process. The peoples buy a goods or services whenever need started.”
In table shown above The Effect of Market Inflation to the Buying Behavior of
Selected Families in Alaminos Laguna, mostly of respondents are considering agree that
they experiencing the decision making depending on the price of the product, investing
money in important things, deciding to buy packs and carts of goods and saving money in
end of the month. Based on our results got on The Effect of Market Inflation to the Buying
Behavior of Selected Families in Alaminos Laguna, they also do the same thing on the study
according to Qazzafi (2019) that during decision making process in those products which
purchase rarely or occasionally.

LXXVIII
Table 3.4 Effect of Market Inflation to the Interests of Families of Selected Families in
Alaminos, Laguna.
Interests Mea S. D V. I
n
1. We often stick to one (1) brand. 2.70 1.05 Neutral
2. We don’t buy another brand if the brand we use ran out. 2.98 1.01 Neutral
3. We buy products that are popular and known. 2.91 1.00 Neutral
4. We use products only approved based on our religion. 3.14 1.11 Neutral
5. We are most likely to switch brands if the ones we use ran out. 3.05 1.06 Neutral
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Interest variable is 2.96 (M=2.96, S.D.=1.04), and the over-all verbal interpretation is
Neutral. The first indicator got a mean of 2.70 (M= 2.70, S.D. = 1.05), the second indicator
got a mean of 2.98 (M= 2,98, S. D. = 1.01), the third indicator got a mean of 2.91 (M= 2.91,
S.D. = 1.00), the fourth indicator got a mean of 3.14 (M= 3.14, S. D. = 1.11) and the fifth
indicator got a mean of 3.05 (M= 3.05, S. D. = 1.04). All of the indicators got a verbal
interpretation of Neutral.
Cozer (2018) “The findings show that perception on second-hand clothes seems to
vary according to age of the participants, as well as their intention to purchase in second-
hand clothing stores. It appears to be that elderly people are more likely to avoid the idea of
buying second-hand clothes. Those people are very affected by their values and beliefs
against second-hand clothes due to hygienic and personality aspects. Moreover, it could be
concluded that for those people, secondhand clothing stores are intended places for people
LXXIX
with less financial condition and perhaps it is not attractive to them. On the other hand, for
young people, second-hand clothes are not attractive because they are not fashion.”
Based on our interview, the answer we got to the sub-variable interest of selected
families in Alaminos Laguna is only neutral. The statement that Cozer (2018) said is right
because the interests in buying depends on the age of the person and what their passion is,
especially when it comes to using different brands. Other families would buy items that
might be well-known or not as long as they have the same function.

LXXX
Table 3.5 Effects of Market Inflation to the Financial Capability of Families of Selected
Financial Capability Mean S. D V. I

1. We are able to pay our bills on time. 2.02 1.00 Agree
2. We are able to pay our debts on time. 2.18 1.00 Agree
3. We are able to buy our basic needs. 1.86 1.00 Strongly
Agree
4. We are able to allot our budget for all our needs. 2.09 1.00 Agree
5. We are able to buy our wants. 2.38 1.04 Agree
Legend:
1.90 – 2.59 Agree
2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
to the Financial Capability variable is 2.11 (M=2.11, S. D=0.93) that corresponds to an
overall verbal interpretation of agree. The first indicator got mean of 2.02 (M=2.02, S.
D=1.00) The second indicator got 2.18 as their mean (M=2.18, S. D=1.00), the fourth
indicator got a mean of 2.09 (M= 2.09, S. D= 1.00) the fifth indicator got a mean of (M=2.38,
S. D=1.04), They all got a verbal interpretation of neutral. Only one got a verbal
interpretation of Agree with a mean of 1.86 (M=1.86, S. D= 0.93).
According to the study of Hasler et. Al 202, he emphasized that financial capability in
pay on time, going beyond more visualization to enhance problem solving skills, a non-
standard task that demands mental representation. Furthermore, Shibikom, research
confirmed the potential of paying on time in tailoring personalized learning approaches for
individual in learning.
LXXXI
So, education is crucial to understanding money management. Additionally,
everyone will be able to recognize the value of budgeting and its expanded capabilities. As a
result, those who understand it are impartial and amicable since they can accurately budget
and manage all of their expenses in a month.

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Table 4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of Effect of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of

Selected Families.
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
variable 1 100 273.74 2.7374 0.181896
variable 2 100 249.55 2.4955 0.274168
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 2.92578 1 2.92578 12.83055 0.000429 3.888853
Within Groups 45.1504 198 0.228032
Total 48.07618 199
Reject Ho
The table shown above is the ANOVA of Effect of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of
Selected Families. The table above shows the summary of ANOVA. We have 2 groups which
is the Variable 1 and Variable 2. Both variables have the count of 100. Variable 1 got a sum
of 273.74 and Variable 2 got a sum 249.55. Variable 1 got an average of 2.7374 and Variable
2 got an average of 2.4955. Variable 1 got a variance of 0.181896 and Variable 2 got a
variance of 0.274168.
The finding shows that there is relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle
of Selected Families because if P-value < 0.05, therefore, we must reject the null hypothesis
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which is “There is no relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of Selected
Families” and since the P-value is 0.000429, we must accept the alternative hypothesis
which is “There is relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of Selected Families”.
And since there is an effect, the result shown strongly agrees with the statement in
the second paragraph which states that rising prices have an effect with households. It is
evident to the families that they are greatly affected by the inflation making them have a
difficult time in managing their financial needs used for everyday life.
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Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 5 contains the research summary, conclusions and recommendations of the
whole study. The findings of the study without so much detailed information are written on
the summary. Generalizations and other interferences would be seen on the conclusion
while the recommendations of the researchers to the beneficiaries of this study can also be
seen on this chapter. Generally, this chapter aims to cover-up the end result of the study.
Summary
This research used convenience sampling research. The aim was to contribute in
some ways to lessen the reduce the cause of inflation to the families living in Alaminos,
Laguna. Specifically, it was conducted to know the find out the effect of inflation in price
rising.
a. Family size
b. Economic status
d. Source of income
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2. What is the effect of the market inflation to the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in
terms of:
a. Family Income
b. Job Security
3. What is the lifestyle of the selected families in Alaminos, Laguna in terms of:
a. Spending Habits
d. Interests
4. Is there a relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families in
Alaminos, Laguna?
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Findings
1.1 The total of teenage respondents (19 below) has frequency of 20 which resulted to 20
percent. The total of middle age respondents (20-59) has frequency of 68 which
resulted to 68 percent. And the total of senior respondents has frequency of 12 which
1.2 The total of male respondents got a frequency of 44 which resulted to 44 percent. The
female respondents got a frequency of 56 which resulted to 56 percent. The total
frequency of female respondents compared to male respondents is higher.
1.3 The total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Uno is 29 which resulted to 29
percent. The total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Dos is 23 which resulted
to 23 percent. The total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion Tres is 24 which
resulted to 24 percent. And the total frequency of respondents living in Poblacion
Quatro is 24 which resulted to 24 percent.
1.4 The total frequency of families with no children is 18 which resulted to 18 percent. The
total frequency of families with 1-2 children is 30 which resulted to 30 percent. The
total frequency of families with 3-5 children is 43. The total frequency of families with
6-8 children is 8. And one family did not prefer to say their family size.
1.5 Families generating less than 5 thousand a month got a frequency of 39 which resulted
to 39 percent. Families generating 6 thousand to 10 thousand a month got a frequency
of 27 which resulted to 27 percent. Families generating 11 thousand to 20 thousand a
month got a frequency of 20 which resulted to 20 percent. And families generating
more than 20 thousand a month got a frequency of 14 which resulted to 14 percent.

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1.6 Respondents who are employed have a frequency of 51 which resulted to 51 percent.
Respondents who are self-employed have a frequency 42 which resulted to 42 percent.
And respondents who preferred not to say their source of income have a frequency of 7
which resulted to 7 percent.
2.1 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Family Income variable
is 2.46 (M= 2.46, S.D. = 1.02) and the over-all interpretation is Agree. The first indicator got
a mean of 2.09 (M= 2.09, S.D. = 0.96), the third indicator got a mean of 2.11 (M= 2.11, S.D. =
0.94) and fifth indicator got a mean of 1.98 (M= 1.98, S.D = 0.91), the three indicators got a
verbal interpretation of agree. The second indicator got a mean of 3.07 (M= 3.07, S.D. =
1.19) and the fourth indicator got a mean of 3.07 (M= 3.07, S.D = 1.11), both indicators got a
verbal interpretation of neutral.
2.2 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Job Security variable is
2.91 (M= 2.91, S.D. = 1.14) and the over-all interpretation is neutral. The first indicator got a
mean of 3.11 (M= 3.11, S.D. = 0.99), the fourth indicator got a mean of 3.19 (M= 3.19, S.D. =
1.14), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral. The second indicator got a
mean of 2.29 (M= 2.29, S.D = 1.21), the third indicator got a mean of 2.43 (M= 2.43, S.D. =
1.22), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of agree. And the fifth indicator got a mean
of 3.51 (M= 3.51, S.D. = 1.14) which got a verbal interpretation of disagree.
2.3 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Prices of Basic-good
variable is 2.88 (M= 2.88, S.D. = 1.13) and the over-all interpretation is neutral. The first
indicator got a mean of 3.13 (M= 3.13, S.D. = 1.33), the fourth indicator got a mean of 2.72
(M= 2.72, S.D. = 1.09), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral. The second
indicator got a mean of 2.14 (M= 2.14, S.D = 1.00), the third indicator got a mean of 2.52
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(M= 2.52, S.D. = 1.00), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of agree. And the fifth
indicator got a mean of 3.60 (M= 3.60, S.D. = 1.13) which got a verbal interpretation of
disagree.
2.4 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Availability of Goods
variable is 2.18 (M= 2.18, S.D. = 0.91) and the over-all interpretation is Agree. The first
indicator got a mean of 1.46 (M= 1.46, S.D. = 0.67), the third indicator got a mean of 1.84
(M= 1.84, S.D. = 0.75) which both got a verbal interpretation of strongly agree. The fourth
indicator got a mean of 2.94 (M= 2.94, S.D. = 1.21), the fifth indicator got a mean of 2.77
(M= 2.77, S.D. = 1.02), both indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral. And the second
indicator got a mean of 1.90 (M= 1.90, S.D. = 0.88) which got a verbal interpretation of
agree.
3.1 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Spending Habits
variable is 3.27 (M=3.27 SD=1.04) and the over-all interpretation is Neutral. The first
indicator got a mean of 3.30 (M=3.30, S.D. = 1.08), the third indicator got a mean of 3.21
(M=3.21 SD=1.04), the fourth indicator got a mean of 2.61 and standard deviation of 1.04
(M=2.61 SD=1.04), the fifth indicator got a mean of 3.20 and standard deviation of 1.10
(M=3.20 SD=1.10), the four indicators got a verbal interpretation of neutral, on the other
hand, only one got a verbal interpretation of disagree which is the second indicator with a
mean of 4.03 (M=4.03, S.D. = 0.95).
3.2 The Effect of Market Inflation to the Consumption Habits variable got an over-all mean
(M=2.48, S.D.=1.02) and the over-all interpretation is Agree. The first indicator got a mean
2.37 and standard deviation of 1.06 (M=2.37, S.D.=1.06), the second indicator got a mean
2.40 and standard deviation of 0.95 (M=2.40, S.D.=0.95), the third indicator got a mean 2.48
LXXXIX
and standard deviation of 1.08 (M=2.48, S.D.=1.08), the fourth indicator got a mean 2.53
and standard deviation of 1.02 (M=2.53, S.D.=1.02). They are got verbal interpretation of
agree. Only one got a verbal interpretation of neutral with a mean of 2.62 (M=2.62, S. D. =
1.01).
3.3 The Effect of Market Inflation to Buying Behavior variable got an over-all mean of 2.44
(M=2,44, S.D.=1.08) and the over-all interpretation is Agree. The first indicator got a mean
2.17 and standard deviation of 0.92 (M=2.17, S.D.=0.92), the second indicator got a mean
2.27 and standard deviation of 1.13 (M=2.27, S.D.=1.13), the third indicator got a mean 2.37
and standard deviation of 1.13 (M=2.37, S.D.=1.13), the fourth indicator got a mean 2.40
and standard deviation of 1.02 (M=2.40, S.D.=1.02). They are got a verbal interpretation of
agree. Only one got a verbal interpretation of neutral with a mean of 2.99 (M=2.99).
3.4 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Interest variable is 2.96
(M=2.96, S.D.=1.04), and the over-all verbal interpretation is Neutral. The first indicator got
a mean of 2.70 (M= 2.70, S.D. = 1.05), the second indicator got a mean of 2.98 (M= 2,98, S. D.
= 1.01), the third indicator got a mean of 2.91 (M= 2.91, S.D. = 1.00), the fourth indicator got
a mean of 3.14 (M= 3.14, S. D. = 1.11) and the fifth indicator got a mean of 3.05 (M= 3.05, S.
D. = 1.04). All of the indicators got a verbal interpretation of Neutral.
3.5 The over-all mean gotten in The Effect of Market Inflation to the Financial Capability
variable is 2.11 (M=2.11, S. D=0.93) that corresponds to an overall verbal interpretation of
agree. The first indicator got mean of 2.02 (M=2.02, S. D=1.00) The second indicator got
2.18 as their mean (M=2.18, S. D=1.00), the fourth indicator got a mean of 2.09 (M= 2.09, S.
D= 1.00) the fifth indicator got a mean of (M=2.38, S. D=1.04), They all got a verbal
XC
interpretation of neutral. Only one got a verbal interpretation of Agree with a mean of 1.86
(M=1.86, S. D= 0.93).
XCI
Conclusions
1. The researchers search for families with one to eight children, determine what is going
on in their lives at the moment—whether they are wealthy, moderately wealthy, or living in
poverty—and find out how much money each family makes each month—between ₱5,000
and ₱20,000—and whether they can support unemployed people and family businesses.
2. As a result, the researchers look for homes with families in four barangays and inquire
about the impact of increased shopping on families.
3. So, the researchers will inquire as to what kind of a family lives in Alaminos; they can
afford to purchase pricey goods and make timely payments; additionally, many people in
the town of Alaminos grow their own fruits and vegetables and are able to do so as a family.
4. Inflation has a great effect with the family’s financial management and purchasing power.
It affects their purchasing decision when it comes to pricey products.
Recommendations
Inflation is all about having to pay more for the same goods and services that you
used to afford at a lower cost. Most of the time, the rise in income is not able to keep up
with inflation, which puts a heavier challenge in making ends meet.
1. The researcher suggests that if you have extra money to save, investment products would
be your best option.
2. Always have a planning budget because it is the best way to keep costs under control.
3. Avail life insurance because this can help save you from devastating financial losses.
4. Diversifying your income to include a side hustle or part-time job can help.
XCII
Appendices
XCIII
XCIV
XCV
XCVI
XCVII
XCVIII
XCIX
C
CI
Questionnaire for Families
1. What is the Effect of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle in terms of the following? Please
check only five (5) which reflects to the most appropriate item if you fully believe is true
based on the scale from 1 to 5. Kindly indicate your response by checking each item
corresponding the rating on the column below.
Scale:
1 – Strongly Agree
2 – Agree
3 – Neutral
4 – Disagree
5 – Strongly Disagree
The Effects of Market Inflation to the Family’s 1 2 3 4 5

income
1. We have enough family income to sustain
our basic needs.
2. We borrow money because our monthly
budget is not enough.
3. We save money in a way that important
things come first.
4. We put off our buying preferences or
luxury materials.
5. We are able to budget our money properly.
The Effects of Market Inflation to the 1 2 3 4 5

Unemployment.
1. We experience non-immediate purchasing
the needs.
2. We eat at least three meals a day or have
enough food.
3. We make a way to provide our daily needs.
4. We become depressed because there is not
enough money to spend.
5. We suffer in poverty.
CII
The Effects of Market Inflation to the increase 1 2 3 4 5

of Commodity Prices.
1. We are not able to buy foods.
2. We are able to budget our money despite
the inflation.
3. We limit our purchase of daily needs.
4. We suffer due to the increase in the price of

goods.
5. We experience hunger.
The Effects of Market Inflation to the Short 1 2 3 4 5

Supply of Goods.
1. We are able to eat three (3) times a day.
2. We are encountering high prices of good.
3. We are able to buy the food our family
wants to eat.
4. We plant vegetables in our backyard as an
alternative for frozen vegetables.
5. We are acquiring other items even if they
are different from necessary.

Spending Habits of families.
1. We buy things we don’t usually need.
2. We buy luxurious brands like Gucci, Louis
Vuitton, etc.
3. We often struggle to meet our expenses.
4. We manage to save money at each end of
the month.
5. We spend everything that we earn.
CIII

Consumption Habits of families.
The1. We haveofsavings
Effects Marketeven theretoare
Inflation theincrease
Buying 1 2 3 4 5
in prices.
Behavior of an Individual.
1.2.WeWechange
limit our
ourbuying habits
decisions of items on
depending duethe
to
the price increase.
price of product.
3. We are encouraged to buy things
2. We only invest money in the important
especially if there is a discount.
things.
4. We save our allowance depending on the
3.cost
We decide to buy in packs and carts since it
of the clothing.
is 5.
less
Weexpense
need toand
pickcan
up save money.
the necessities
4. We manage to save money at each end of
the month.
5. We spend everything that we earn.
The Effects of Market Inflation to Interests of a 1 2 3 4 5

Family.
1. We often stick to one (1) brand.
2. We don’t buy another brand if the brand we
use ran out.
3. We buy products that are popular and
known.
4. We use products only approved based on
our religion.
5. We are most likely to switch brands if the
ones we use ran out.
The Effects of Market Inflation to the Financial 1 2 3 4 5

Capability of a Family.
1. We are able to pay our bills on time.
2. We are able to pay our debts on time.
3. We are able to buy our basic needs.
4. We are able to allot our budget for all our

needs.
5. We are able to buy our wants.
CIV
CV
TABLE OF VARIABLE
SUMMARY
Consumption
Habits 100 247.95 2.4795 0.479096
variable 1 100 273.74 2.7374 0.181896
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 3.325621 1 3.325621 10.06251 0.001754 3.888853
Within Groups 65.4382 198 0.330496
Total 68.76382 199
SUMMARY
Buying Behavior 100 244 2.44 0.49697
variable 1 100 273.74 2.7374 0.181896
ANOVA
Source of
Between Groups 4.422338 1 4.422338 13.02861 0.000389 3.888853
Within Groups 67.20772 198 0.339433
Total 71.63006 199
SUMMARY
Interests 100 295.65 2.9565 0.382154
variable 1 100 273.74 2.7374 0.181896
ANOVA
Source of
Between Groups 2.40024 1 2.40024 8.510729 0.003938 3.888853
Within Groups 55.841 198 0.282025
Total 58.24124 199
SUMMARY
CVI

Financial
Capability 100 210.6 2.106 0.536933
variable 1 100 273.74 2.7374 0.181896
ANOVA
Source of
2.87E-
Between Groups 19.9333 1 19.9333 55.46043 12 3.888853
Within Groups 71.16412 198 0.359415
Total 91.09742 199

CVII
CURRICULUM VITAE
CVIII
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Lejan Sebastian Gabriel C. Encontro
Age: 17
Date of birth: March 13, 2006
Place of birth: Biñan City, Laguna
Address: Purok 2, San Pablo, Santo Tomas, Batangas
Nationality: Filipino
Name of mother: Susan B. Calago
Name of father: Joven E. Encontro, Jr.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary:
Cresmat Learning Center (CLC)
Grade 1-2 Alaminos, Laguna 2011-2013
Palm Valley International School Grade 3-6 Alaminos, Laguna 2014-2018
Junior High School:
Palm Valley Multiple Intelligence School
Grade 7-10 Alaminos, Laguna 2018-2022
Senior High School:
Palm Valley Multiple Intelligence School Alaminos, laguna 2022-Present
HOBBIES AND INTERESTS

Play online games, listen to music, read some books in free time, ride motorcycle
CIX
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Chela May Esquejo
Age: 17
Date of birth: May 26 2006
Place of birth: San pablo city
Address: Brgy. Limao Calauan Laguna
Name of mother: Mezel Esquejo
Name of father: Celso V. Esquejo Jr.
Elementary:
Limao Elementary SchoolGrade 1-6 2011-2017
Junior High School:
Alaminos Integrated National High School-Grade 7-10 2018- 2021
Senior High School :

Watch movie, food trip
CX
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Ashley Ann U. Peñ aflor
Age: 17
Date of birth: November 26 2005
Place of birth: Brgy.Limao Calauan Laguna
Address: Brgy.Limao Calauan Laguna
Name of mother: Diana Peñ aflor
Name of father: Alfie Peñ aflor
Elementary:
Limao Elementary School Grade 1-6 (2011-2018)
Junior High School:
Alaminos Integrated National High School Grade 7-10 (2018-2022)
Senior High School:

I love gardening,cooking and bonding with my younger brother
CXI
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Karl Andrei B. Bobis
Age: 17
Date of birth: November 4, 2006
Place of birth: San Miguel Alaminos Laguna
Address: 069 Purok 2, Smallville, Brgy. San Miguel Alaminos, Laguna
Name of mother: Susana Bobis
Name of father: Edgar Bobis
Elementary:
San Miguel Elementary School (SMES) Grade 1-6 2011-2018
Junior High School Ibayiw Integrated National High School Grade 7-10 (IINHS) 2018-2022
Senior High School: Palm Valley Multiple Intelligence School (PVMIS) Grade 11-12 2022-present

Playing Basketball and Drums, Hiking, Camping, Capturing Sunrise & Sunset, Adventure
CXII
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Ken Harvie De Castro
Age: 17
Date of birth: April 1 2006
Place of birth: Brgy.Palma 1 Alaminos Laguna
Address: Brgy.Palma 1 Alaminos Laguna
Name of mother: Myrene M. De Castro
Name of father: Lee A. De Castro
Elementary:
Santa Rosa Elementary School Grade 1-6 (2011-2018)
Junior High School:
Ibayiw Integrated National High School Grade 7-10 (2018-2022)
Senior High School:

Playing basketball
CXIII 104
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I

The Effects of Market Inflation to the Lifestyle of Selected

A Research Paper Presented to the

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

The thesis attached hereto entitled, “THE EFFECT OF MARKET INFLATION

TO THE LIFESTYLE OF SELECTED FAMILIES” prepared and submitted by Karl

Andrei B. Bobis, Ken Harvie M. de Castro, Lejan Sebastian Gabriel C. Encontro,

requirements in Practical Research 2.

Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements in Practical Research 2 by

Dr. Fernan P. Ramos

Ⅰ.THE PROBLEM AND IT SETTING

Background of the Study………………………………………………………………………………...6

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………………..….….6

Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………….………..9

Significance of the Study…………………………………………..………………………………….…9

Ⅱ.Review of Related Literature and Studies

Review of Related Literature………………………………………………………………………..11

Review of Related Studies …………………………………………………………………………...29

Respondent of the study……………………………………………………………………………..…47

Ⅳ PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

TABLE FOR PROFILE……………………………………………………………………….50

TABLE FOR INDEPENDENT VARIABLE…………………………………………….56

TABLE FOR DEPENDENT VARIABLE………………………………………………..64

TABLE FOR ANOVA ANALYSIS………………………………………………………….74

V. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Letter to principal and Barangay Captain…………………………………………..85

to gather data that will be used for our research.

helped us during the interview.

sharing their knowledge with the research.

support while we do our research.

being considerate while we do our research.

hardwork and perseverance while doing the research.

inflation to the lifestyle of selected families.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

c. Income of the family

c. Prices of Basic-good in the Market

d. Availability of Goods in the Market

4. Is there a relationship between Market Inflation and Lifestyle of selected families in

The Problem and its Setting

Inflation has an impact on everyone. However, it has a very different effect on

are used to repay debt.

Some researchers have attempted to determine the relationship between inflation

for predicting and managing inflation.

Moreover, the negative impact of inflation on the purchasing power of individuals

government spending to control prices, must be pursued by policymakers. To fully

understand the impact of inflation on people's lifestyles requires examining various

economic variables such as stock exchange indices and commodity prices.

an increase in poverty levels.

Moreover, it is also crucial for Filipinos to apply effective financial management

minimize the negative impact of inflation on their daily lives.

risen to 4.9%, the highest it has been since April 2019.

Background of the Study

Care Act program for three years, through 2025.

Among the major concerns about persistently high inflation is a decline in

These researchers presented a justification that was related to their concept, in

evidence that local lifestyle is changing as a result of this.

taxes as a way to help reduce inflation.

Statement of the Problem

Selected Families in Alaminos, Laguna” specifically, it seeks to answer the following

Family with no children

Family with 1-2 children

Family with 3-5 children

Family with 6-8 children