Exile, Trial and Death

 Exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte for four years

 Lottery - Rizal’s only vice
 together with Captain Carcinero and Francisco Equilior they won P20,000 in
the lottery
 From his share of P6,200.00, P2000 was given to his father, P200 to Jose Ma.
Basa in Hong Kong and the rest he used to purchased agricultural lands in
Talisay, Zamboanga del Norte
 Florencio Namanan aka Pablo Mercado - spy sent by the Recollect friars to spy
on Rizal’s activities and to pilfer letters and writings of Rizal which will incriminate
him in the revolutionary movement
 He practiced his medical profession, constructed the town’s first water system,
beautified the town plaza (*relief map of Mindanao out of earth, stones and
grass with Fr. Sanchez), established a school, collected specimens, continued
studying other languages, ventured in business, established cooperative for
Dapitan farmers,
 invented machine for making bricks.
 * sulpukan - cigarette lighter based on the principle of compressed air which
was invented by Jose Rizal and sent as a gift to his best friend Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt
 Mi Retiro (My Retreat) - in response to the request of Doña Teodora for another
poem; considered as one of the best ever penned by Rizal by literary critics
 He met Josephine Bracken and lived as husband and wife. They had a son who
was born prematurely and lived only for 3 hours.
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela, informed Rizal of the launching of revolution led by Andres
Bonifacio to which Rizal objected because it is still premature. He was also
informed
 Katipunan’s plan to rescue him but he rejected it because he had given his
word of honor to the Spanish authorities.
 Military doctor in Cuba - Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco approved his offer to serve as
military doctor in Cuba

Last trip abroad, last homecoming

 While he was on his way to Spain, the Revolution led by the Katipunan started.
Gov. Gen. Blanco declared war in the eight provinces - Manila, Bulacan, Cavite,
Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac (this was omitted in the
Act of Declaration of the Philippine Independence and was replaced by
Bataan).
 Rizal was arrested before reaching Barcelona. He was duped by Gov. Gen.
Ramon Blanco. Little did he know that Gov. Blanco was secretly planning things
that would destroy him.
 Gen. Eulogio Despujol - jailor in Barcelona, he was the same person who
banished Rizal to Dapitan
 He was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. Patriots and Paciano were tortured to
implicate Rizal in the revolution.

TRIAL
 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade - Rizal’s defender in court
 The information of charges - the principal organizer and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and books dedicate to
fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion
 Rizal pleaded not guilty to the crime of rebellion.Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
- successor of Gov. Gen. Blanco; his taking-over the
 gubernatorial office sealed Rizal’s fate
 He was considered guilty even before the actual trial.

12 Points Defense of Rizal

1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan
not to rise in revolution.
2. He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary elements.
3. The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge. If he were guilty he
could have escaped in Singapore.
4. If he had a hand in the revolution, he could have escaped in a Moro vinta and
would not have built a home, a hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan.
5. If he had a hand in the revolution, why was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
6. It was true he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but this is only a civic
association - not a revolutionary society.
7. The La Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished
to Dapitan and it died out.
8. If the Liga was reorganized nine months later, he did not know about it.
9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists, otherwise they would not
have supplanted it with the Katipunan.
10. If it were true that there were some bitter comments in Rizal’s letters, it was
because they were written in 1890 when his family was persecuted, being
dispossessed of houses, warehouses, lands, etc. And his brother and all his
brothers-in-law were deported.
11. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests could attest.
12. It was not true that the revolution was inspired by his one speech in the house of
Doroteo Onjungco, as alleged by witnesses whom he would like to confront. His
friends knew his opposition to armed rebellion. Why did the Katipunan send an
emissary to Dapitan who was unknown to him? Because those who knew him
were aware that he would never sanction any violent movement.

 Polavieja signed Rizal’s execution on the same day of his trial (December 26,
1896) - to be shot at the back by a firing squad at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of
December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta, Manila).
 Alcohol cooking stove - where he hid his last poem “Mi Ultimo Adios” and was
handed to her sister Trinidad
 Martyrdom of a hero - Rizal requested the commander of the firing squad that
he be shot facing the firing squad but was denied.
 His death presaged the foundation of an independent nation. His writings which
awakened Filipino nationalism paved the way for the Philippine Revolution.