Lesson1-Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society – WORKSHEET

1.What is/are the contribution/s of Copernicus in the Philosophy of science? Cite 3 references.

 He introduced the heliocentric model of the solar system. Before, the earth had been
believed to be the center.
 He stated that the seasons, the sun's rise and fall each day, the planetary movement,
and the movement of the stars were all caused by earth's rotations.
 He established the orbit of the planets around the sun.

2. Do you think thought experiment is still useful in science in the present time? Defend your
answer.

 Yes, thought experiments are still useful in science in the present time. Thought
experiments are a way for scientists and philosophers to explore new ideas, test
hypotheses, and challenge existing theories without the need for physical
experimentation.

3. Do you think the Church should intervene in scientific activities? Defend your answer.

 For me, no since Church and Science have different perspectives Science is a tool used
by everyone to find answers or solutions to a certain thing while religion looks for
something that may support the existing claims, so we see, they are totally different
that’s why the Church shouldn’t intervene in scientific activities.

4. What is Darwin’s contribution to modern science? Cite 3 references.

 Darwin's greatest contribution to science is that he completed the Copernican

Revolution by drawing out for biology the notion of nature as a system of matter in
motion governed by natural laws. With Darwin's discovery of natural selection, the
origin and adaptations of organisms were brought into the realm of science.
 Darwin's accomplishments were so many and so diverse that it is useful to distinguish
three fields to which he made major contributions: evolutionary biology; the philosophy
of science; and the modern zeitgeist.
5. How can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern times:

 Agriculture: A lot in agriculture has been touched by evolution, and since ancient times.
The reason that we have wheat and not grass, or why the dessert banana you eat is not
green, small, bitter and full of seeds, or why you have broccoli and cauliflower instead of
wild mustard, is due to selection.
 Economy: The effects of the understanding of evolution has not only resulted in
agricultural giants in economy, but also medical giants. Both of these are major
influences in local and global economy. Trade deals are done around protection of
medical intellectual properties and agricultural produce.
 Religion: Except for a few fundamentalist denominations, mainly parts of the US
Evangelical community and the Middle-East Muslim communities, religion has mostly
shrugged its shoulder. Those fundamentalists have seriously got their knickers in a twist.
 Political science: Directly, there’s little influence. Indirectly (se Economy and Religion)
the effect is huge. Global economy, and hence global politics, involves those trade deals
mentioned.

6. How did society shape science and how did science shape society?

 Science shaped the society through technological advancement and growth as it goes
along with the development of the society, while on the other hand, Society shaped
science according to the demands of the society. Such as health needs which includes
the production of medicines and medical apparatus.

7. By looking for other sources and literatures, what are the controversies or questions on
Freud’s ideas?

 In Freud’s time, his theories were particularly controversial for their emphasis on
sexuality, which was rarely discussed openly in Victorian times. His emphasis on child
sexuality was thought frankly perverted.

8. How do social and human issues influence science?

 Social and human issues influence science in the sense that they may prompt scientific
studies aimed at solving them. For example, the recent coronavirus pandemic is a social
issue that has resulted in countless scientific efforts aimed at combating the disease.
9. Considering the current state of our society, do you think science literacy among people has
contributed to the growth of our economy? How about during this COVID-19 pandemic?

 Scientific literacy gives people the ability to not accept the world as it is but look for
situations how to make it a better place. For example, scientific research, medicine,
safer and more efficient transportation, prosthetic limbs, pharmaceuticals, artificial
intelligence and robotics etc. During this pandemic it’s also helpful because they study
and research how to cure this COVID-19 and it works and helps those people who are
infected of virus.

10. How can science influence government policies? Relate it to the current global health crisis
we are experiencing since November 2019 when COVID-19 spread throughout the world.

 ECLAC’s highest authority explained that the contribution of science, technology and
innovation in the face of the COVID-19 crisis can be seen in several areas: first, in
research and development to understand the disease and its effects on the population,
as well as for vaccines and medication; second, in the management of critical supplies
and equipment, such as diagnostic tests, mechanical ventilators and the development of
applications for tracking and prevention; and third, in the economic recovery, with the
development of digital platforms for health, education and work at a distance, and
technological transfer and industrial reconversion.