Amad, Rolando Jr. T.

I-BSCE/s
GE5(3064)
Let’s Check
Activity 2. Clearly, the development of intellectual revolutions showed how society was
transformed by science and technology with their perspectives and beliefs. At this point, let
us determine how it influenced and affected society's life and outlook. Discuss and write your
answers thoroughly to the questions below.
1. The Id, Ego, and Super Ego of Freud
- The id, which represents our unconscious sexual and aggressive instincts; the ego, which is
the organized aspect of the id, designed to provide the person's impulses with a realistic
direction; and the superego, which is opposed to the id and is driven by a desire to follow the
rules and do the right things according to society. He stated that the id and superego are both
located in the unconscious mind, with the ego being the one that is exposed to the outside
world due to its comprehension of reality. Freud also noted that the distinctions between the
various areas are not crisp and well-defined, and hence the development of the three divisions
varies greatly among different individuals.
Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest.
- The expression "survival of the fittest" refers to the process of natural selection and the
mechanism that drives evolutionary development. The phrase "survival of the fittest" was
coined by British biologist Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species. According
to this book, living organisms that are most adapted to their surroundings are the most
successful in terms of survival and reproduction. This has an impact on our culture today.
People who are less fortunate are doing everything they can to survive in this time of crisis.
People in contemporary society have no choice but to adapt to the changes that are occurring
right now in order to live.
2. Explain the concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism
- Geocentrism, commonly known as the geocentric model, is a theory of any solar system or
universe structure in which people think that Earth is at the center of it all. "Geo" refers to the
earth, whereas "centric" refers to the center. Heliocentrism, also known as the heliocentric
model, is a theory in which people believe that the sun is at the center of our solar system or
the universe and that planets such as Earth circle around it. "Helio" means "sun," and
"centric" means "center."
3. Name other scientific revolutions that happened in the following places:
a. Meso-America
*The Mayan civilization lasted up to 2000 years, with temples and other sacred monuments
combining their great mastery of astronomy. Their knowledge and comprehension of the
celestial bodies, including eclipse prediction and the use of astrological cycles in sowing and
harvesting, were far ahead of their time. They were also noted for employing two calendar
systems to measure time: the tzolkin and the Haab'.
* The Inca civilization is well-known throughout Mesoamerica; their roads were paved with
stones, and their structures were made with stones to resist earthquakes and other calamities.
Their calendar contains 12 months to celebrate religious events and prepare for the
agricultural system. Inca textiles were among the most highly appreciated creative creations.
* Mandatory schooling, antispasmodic treatment, Chinampa, the Aztec Calendar, and the
development of watercraft are all aspects of Aztec culture.
a. Asia
* Indian culture was well-known for its iron and metallurgical achievements. They were also
well-known in medicine, particularly Ayurveda. They thought the world was spherical and
self-sustaining.
* Acupuncture was an ancient medicine practiced by the Chinese culture. Compasses,
papermaking, gunpowder, and printing equipment were all devised by them. They have their
own lunar calendars and believe in astronomy and celestial bodies.
b. Middle East
* Muslims predominate, and scientific experiments are highly appreciated.
* Hasan Ibn al-Haytham was an Islamic Golden Age Arab mathematician, astronomer, and
physicist renowned as the Father of Optics.
c. Africa
* The hub of alchemy, astronomy, and mathematics, known for their creation of geometry.
They also learned about human anatomy and pharmacology.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 2. The transformation to the perspective and beliefs of the society brought pieces of
evidence of sciences and technology's link to humanity. These lead to more scientific
research and experiments to deepen the understanding of what surrounds us in different
aspects. At this juncture, you will be required to EXPLAIN your answers about the following
questions.
1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial?
- Intellectual concepts are complex for me since they have endured a lot of investigations,
hypotheses, and errors before they came out with a lot of thoughts. Intellectual individuals
used their knowledge and creativity to develop thoughts, ideas, and discoveries. As a result,
some contradict, while others propose new and improved views, which become a contentious
matter not only for individuals but also for society because only society and religious people
can assess and oppose them. One of the most compelling instances is the "Origin of the
Species," in which religious belief contradicts the notion. The second is the hypothesis of the
movement of celestial bodies, such as the concepts of heliocentrism and geocentrism, which
caused social misunderstanding. To summarize, the notion itself is contentious, and what
makes it more contentious is the belief in how society interprets it, which leads to intellectual
beliefs that have always existed till now.
2. Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely
accepted at that time?
- Previous and current discoveries have had a significant influence and contribution all
around the world. It had a significant impact on society and religious people. New discoveries
are being made all the time. The difficulty is that making a discovery takes a long time,
involves several processes and experiments, and costs a lot of money. That is why, despite
the fact that some individuals disagree with them, such findings are widely accepted.
However, as time passes, findings are becoming more reasonable, and research is being
presented better since they employed novel high-quality materials and technology, as well as
provided more objective proof. And, as we all know, individuals and the community
nowadays tend to believe accurate and well-presented evidence that has been subjected to
trial and error utilizing modern procedures and technology.
3. How do intellectual revolutions transform societies?
- Nowadays, society has developed and has a good influence on the world, and this has been
made possible by intellectual revolutions that have converted society into a helpful one.
Analysis, assessment, and critical thinking all play significant roles in taking civilizations to
the next level. It provides society with an effective, easier, and speedier way to employ
intellectual revolutions. It teaches everyone, yet most religious individuals often contradict
the logical principles offered previously. Intellectuals or those with exceptional brains are
responsible for transforming societies by the application of their skill, responsibility, and
willingness to awaken society. Lastly, the intellectual revolution not only transformed
civilizations, but also defined them and improved the quality of life of individuals, and the
collaboration of intellectual people has made the world progressive and progressed in many
disciplines.
4. What do you think are the positive and negative results brought about by innovations and
technological advances in the information age? Reflect on your answers and come up which
do you think are the possible rules and guidelines for using the different media information.
-Every growth and development may bring both benefits and drawbacks to ourselves and the
rest of the planet. Like the advancements and technological breakthroughs of this day, where
everyone uses gadgets, electronics, computers, and cellular phones, which have either great
or harmful outcomes. First, it makes our job easier and faster since transportation allows us to
conveniently transfer commodities and move items from one location to another. Many
people's lives are being extended thanks to medical technology, vaccinations, and
pharmaceuticals. Improve communication, access, and dissemination of information
throughout the world. As a result, for every beneficial consequence, there are always
drawbacks to every advancement. As well as the limitations of what technology can achieve,
it releases radiation that poses a risk to humanity. According to studies, excessive use of
technology may cause stress and sadness, as well as negatively impact one's physical and
mental health. Most individuals nowadays rely on technology which has negative
consequences for them. That is why regulations and criteria for using various media
information should be followed. It is to decrease or avoid undesirable consequences in the
near future. Avoid any conflict between your physical and mental well-being. Practice
intelligent time management, and we should maintain a balance between technologies, nature,
and our health.

In a Nutshell
Activity 3. The relevance of science and technology to the life of society is incontestable. In
this portion of the unit, the module will be requiring you to state your arguments or synthesis
relevant to the topics presented. I will supply the first two items, and you will continue the
rest.
1. Through intellectual revolutions, open the mind of society, letting us deepen our scientific
and technological understanding of the world. Through widening research and experiments
don, it provides a more comfortable and accessible life for humanity.
2. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and never
stop finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are ongoing
discoveries
3. The intellectual revolution was an influence to figure out an individual's basics, and it had
been an endless discovery of self-worth, drive, and knowledge to open one's mind inside the
world of authoritarian authorities. It was unquestionably a space for development, rebuilding,
and the freedom to make oneself more valued.
4. It will revolutionize cultures via critical thinking, assessment, and the establishment of
equitable standards. It is a constant process of development aimed at meeting societal
requirements. Great brains working together make the world a more peaceful and progressive
place.