Let’s Check

Activity 2. Clearly, the development of intellectual revolutions showed how society transformed by
science and technology with their perspectives and beliefs. At this point, let us determine how it
influenced and affected society's life and outlook. Discuss and write your answers thoroughly to the
questions below:

1. The Id, Ego and Super Ego of Freud

Freud developed a structural model of the mind which is the id or the instinct, ego or the reality and
super ego or a person’s morality. These components combine to produce complex human behavior. The
id is motivated by the pleasure principle, which seeks to immediately gratify all needs, wants, and
desires. The ego functions on the reality principle, which seeks to fulfill the id’s desires in realistic and
socially acceptable ways. The superego holds the internalized moral standards and ideals that we
acquire throughout our lives (our sense of right and wrong).

Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest Natural selection is a mechanism that propels evolutionary
change, and it is often referred to as "survival of the fittest" in popular culture. Natural selection
operates by favoring individuals who have a higher level of environmental adaptation over those who
have a lower level of adaptation.

2. Explain the concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism.

A cosmological and planetary hypothesis known as "geocentrism" holds that the Earth is at the center of
the universe. A cosmological concept known as heliocentrism assumes that the Sun is located at or close
to the center of the solar system or the universe, with the Earth and other planets revolving around it.

3. Name other scientific revolutions that happened in the following places:

a. Meso-America

The adoption of new technology, the implementation of social identities and political reforms, the
establishment of symbolic and religious meanings, and the improvement of intercity relations all
occurred during this period of transformation in Mesoamerica and coincide with the systems theory
applied in processual archaeology.

b. Asia

The top vehicle and electronics items come from Japan. Significant contributions to science and
technology have also come from China and India.

c. Middle East

From the ancient Iranian qanats (underground canals that brought water from the mountains to the arid
plain) to the contemporary dam systems on the Nile and Euphrates Rivers, some of the most significant
technological advancements in the Middle East throughout history were related to the use of water.
d. Africa

Throughout all of ancient Africa, significant progress in metallurgy and toolmaking was made. These
include art, metal chisels and saws, iron and copper tools and weaponry, nails, glue, and weapons made
of carbon steel and bronze.

Let’s Analyze

Activity 2. The transformation to the perspective and beliefs of the society brought pieces of evidence of
sciences and technology's link to humanity. These lead to more scientific research and experiments to
deepen the understanding of what surrounds us in different aspects. At this juncture, you will be
required to EXPLAIN your answers about the following questions.

1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial?

2. Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely accepted at
that time?

3. How do intellectual revolutions transform societies?

4. What do you think are the positive and negative results brought about innovations and technological
advances in the information age? Reflect on your answers and come up which do you think the possible
rules and guidelines in using the different media information
In a Nutshell

Activity 3. The relevance of science and technology to the life of society is incontestable. In this portion
of the unit, the module will be requiring you to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics
presented. I will supply the first two items, and you will continue the rest

1. Through the intellectual revolutions, it opens the mind of society, letting us deepen our scientific and
technological understanding of the world. Through widening research and experiments don, it provides
a more comfortable and accessible life of humanity.

2. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and never stop in
finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are ongoing discoveries. Your
turn

3.
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4. ___________