Let’s Check

Activity 2. Clearly, the development of intellectual revolutions showed how society transformed by
science and technology with their perspectives and beliefs. At this point, let us determine how it
influenced and affected society's life and outlook. Discuss and write your answers thoroughly to the
questions below.

1. The Id, Ego and Super Ego of Freud.

- According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the realistic component that mediates
between the impulses of the id and the super-ego. The id is the primal and instinctual part of the mind
that contains sexual and violent instincts as well as hidden memories.

Natural Selection and Survival of the fittest

- Natural selection is sometimes summarized as "survival of the fittest" because the "fittest"
organisms—those that are most adapted to their environment—are those who reproduce most
successfully and are most likely to pass on their qualities to the next generation. Erasmus Darwin, an
English physician who lived in the eighteenth century, was one of many scientists and philosophers who
have put forth numerous ideas regarding the evolution of life. Evolution was not accepted as a valid
scientific theory until Charles Darwin, the more well-known of Darwin's grandsons, published his
acclaimed book On the Origin of Species. Darwin and one of his scientific contemporaries, Alfred Russel
Wallace, suggested that natural selection, or evolution, is the outcome of this process.

2. Explain the concept of Geocentrism and Heliocentrism.

- Geocentric and heliocentric are terms used to describe the solar system. The earth is in the center of
the solar system, with other planets and celestial bodies revolving around it, in accordance with the
geocentric theory. The moon is at the center of the Earth's orbit, with stars at its outer and innermost
points, according to this theory, which was made popular by philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. Greek
philosophers created the first hypothesis thousands of years ago. The Sun is thought to be the solar
system's center of gravity per the heliocentric theory. The dictionary describes heliocentric as "being
viewed from the center of the Sun." The heliocentric paradigm existed from 200 to 300 B.C.

3. Name other scientific revolutions that happened in the following places:

a. Meso-America
 - Their belief in the cycles of planets and other celestial creatures like the sun and moon, as well as
the construction of observatories that aided in their calculations for agriculture and architecture, were
other significant scientific revolutions that occurred in Mesoamerica.

b. Asia

- At the moment, Japan, which is particularly well-known for its electronics and automobile products,
is undoubtedly the most prominent Asian nation in terms of technological and scientific achievement.

c. Middle East

- The Syrians had a strong background in experimental metallurgy. The Damascene

made Sword was well known for its incredible power.

d. Africa

- The oldest stone tools ever discovered were discovered in eastern Africa, and later evidence of tool
manufacturing by our hominin predecessors was discovered throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. - Africa
possesses the world's oldest record of human technological prowess.

Let’s Analyze

Activity 2. The transformation to the perspective and beliefs of the society brought pieces of evidence of
sciences and technology's link to humanity. These lead to more scientific research and experiments to
deepen the understanding of what surrounds us in different aspects. At this juncture, you will be
required to EXPLAIN your answers about the following questions.

1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas controversial?

- Intellectual ideas may be utterly at odds with reality, which makes them controversial. A idea
becomes more divisive the more abstract and complex it is. The more "politically incorrect" people are
in their statements about how divided the world is, the more "ego-tied" or "protective" people are in
taking a stand. The most innovative and intriguing ideas, however, frequently spark debate because
many individuals, including academics, have a propensity to form opinions and beliefs that become a
part of their self-perception and instinctively attack anything that might challenge or contradict those
beliefs and force them to reevaluate how they view reality, how they should act, or how they should
behave.
2. Why did people accept these discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely
accepted at that time?

- People embraced these new discoveries because they were backed by data. Scientific research was
used to find these facts. These discoveries led to a divergent opinion, yet sufficient evidence was
gathered through scientific study to support it.

3. How do intellectual revolutions transform?

- intellectual revolutions spearheaded by the most misunderstood people who struggled for the
freedoms we now take for granted. Knowledge is still undergoing revolutions. Because of this, thinkers
will constantly strive to create a more orderly world. Intellectual revolutionaries possess a diversity of
perspectives, understandings, and foresightful insights. They awaken society by using their intellect and
original ideas to steer people away from unethical and foolish conduct and toward morality and fairness.
It will alter societies via analysis, critical thought, and the creation of just norms for equitable
opportunity. It is a process that is continuing.

attaining progress in order to satisfy societal demands. exchanges between smart minds

make the globe pacific and progressive.

4. What do you think are the positive and negative results brought about innovations and technological
advances in the information age? Reflect on your answers and come up which do you think the possible
rules and guidelines in using the different media information.

- Social media and mobile devices may lead to psychological issues in addition to physical issues like
eyestrain and difficulty focusing on important tasks. Furthermore, they might make more serious
medical conditions like depression worse. The harmful effects of excessive technology use may be
greater on growing children and teenagers. Both marketing and business planning have benefited from
technological advancements in terms of simplicity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Businesses could only
run adverts in magazines and newspapers before the Internet. If they had the funds, they might also air
commercials on radio or television. Technology advancements have, for the most part, accelerated
workflow and provided essential information-organization systems. However, technology can also have
a negative effect on a company, dehumanizing communication and fostering a false feeling of knowing.

In a Nutshell
Activity 3. The relevance of science and technology to the life of society is incontestable. In this portion
of the unit, the module will be requiring you to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics
presented. I will supply the first two items, and you will continue the rest.

1. Through the intellectual revolutions, it opens the mind of society, letting us deepen our scientific and
technological understanding of the world. Through widening research and experiments don, it provides
a more comfortable and accessible life of humanity.

2. Intellectual revolutions are continuous as long as humanity will always struggle and never stop in
finding the right information that will benefit society, mainly when there are ongoing discoveries.

Your turn

3. Science and technological advancements changed people's perspectives and convictions throughout
the Intellectual Revolution. Scientists have long been driven to study the physical and natural world by
their curiosity, critical thinking, and invention.

4. The intellectual revolution broadened people's perspectives, which transformed societies. The
aforementioned revolution's potential will, nevertheless, have a substantial impact on both society as a
whole and the lives of those who will be affected by this phenomenon.