Md.

Siddikur Rahman
Associate Professor
Dept. of Farm Structure
INTRODUCTION

Book:
1. A Text Book of Surveying – By M. A. Aziz & M. Shahjahan
2. Surveying (Volume: 1) – By Dr. B. C. Punmia
3. Surveying Tutor – By A. G. Khan

Surveying: It is the technique of determining the relative positions of points on above or beneath the
earth surface by taking measurements and finally representing them on a plan or map.
Survey: It is the result of surveying or the work which is done by surveying.

Classification: Surveying is mainly two types.

a) Plane surveying: Deals with small areas on the earth surface assuming the surface of the land
to be plane. So the curvature of the earth is neglected. Plane surveying may be again sub-
divided in the following types:
i) Chain surveying
ii) Traverse surveying (Compass and Theodolite surveying)
iii) Plane table surveying
iv) Ordinary levelling
b) Geodetic surveying: deals with the vast areas, so the curvature of the earth is considered.
Geodetic surveying may be sub-divided in the following ways:
i) Triangulation
ii) Reciprocal levelling
iii) Stadia surveying
iv) Astronomical surveying
v) Photographic surveying

Special Types of Surveying:

i) Archaeological surveying
iii) Military surveying
v) Exploratory surveying
vii) Hydrographic surveying
ix) Electronic surveying
xi) Project surveying
(Give short description from text book)
ii) Geological surveying
iv) Cadastral surveying
vi) Marine or navigation surveying
viii) Aerial surveying
x) Topographical surveying

Uses / Importance of Surveying:

a) Agricultural sector:
(i) Irrigation: Canal, slopes, leveling, alignment (ii) Area calculation and (iii) mapping
b) Engineering sector:
(i) Dams/Barrage (ii) Reservoir (iii) water tanks (iv) Railways (v) Highways (vi) Massive
buildings (vii) Tunneling (viii) Sewerage works (ix) Airfields (x) Ports/Harbours and (xi)
Earthworks.
(Give short description of each sector)

Useful data and formula for computation of survey work (See page 4 to 10 of text book)