MECHANICS OF MACHINE-2

Assignment No: 01
LAB

Submitted By: M. Waleed Sikandar

Roll No: 2k21-ME-13
Submitted To: Engr.Umer-Bin-Nooman
 Apparatus Description
1. Quick return mechanism apparatus

The quick return mechanism typically involves the use of linkages and cams to
achieve the desired motion. By employing this mechanism, the non-cutting or
return stroke can be completed at a faster rate than the cutting or forward stroke,
thereby increasing the overall efficiency and productivity of the machine.

Application
 In metal stamping processes, the quick return mechanism aids in faster punching
and forming operations.
 Industrial presses equipped with the quick return mechanism achieve higher
production rates in forming and pressing operations.
 They are employed in power hammers for forging and shaping metal
components.

2. Screw jack simple apparatus

A Machine Screw Jack or a Lead Screw Jack) is a devise used to convert

rotational motion into linear motion. It utilizes the property of a screw thread
providing a mechanical advantage i.e. it can be used to amplify force.
 Application
 The opening and closing of penstocks.
 Food processing machineries (e.g., palletizing machines).
 Crank tables height adjustments.
 Missile launching platforms.
 Vehicle ramp and vehicle lifts.
 Scissor lifts.

3. Oldham coupling apparatus

Oldham coupling are three-piece flexible shaft coupling that are used to connect
driving and driven shafts in mechanical power transmission assemblies.

Application
 It is used in robotics and servo. It is used in printers and copying machines.
 It is basically used to connect two parallel shaft where the axial distance is
short.
4. Worm and wheel apparatus

The worm and wheel apparatus, also known as a worm gear, is a mechanical
device used to transmit rotational motion and power between two perpendicular
shafts. It consists of a screw-like gear called the worm and a toothed gear called
the wheel or worm wheel. The worm gear is driven by the worm, and the motion
is transmitted to the wheel.
 Application
 This makes it useful in various industries such as automotive, industrial
machinery, and robotics.
 It is used in presses, small engines, lifts and elevators, rolling mills, conveying
engineering, mining industry machine, on rudders and worm drive saws.

5. Cam and tappet mechanism apparatus

The cam and follower is a mechanical device used to achieve the desired
reciprocating motion. The cam is the rotating member, and the follower is the
reciprocating member. The cam is a profiled disc, cylinder or sphere that rotates.
The shape or profile of the cam influences the motion of the follower. The
follower is a rod that is in contact with the cam. The contact between the cam
and follower is achieved using spring or the follower's weight.

Application
 Weaving industry
 Paper cutting
 Automatic copying machine
6. Belt friction apparatus

The frictional force acts parallel to the surface and prevents the belt from slipping. It
works in conjunction with the normal force, which is influenced by the tension and
curvature of the belt. The magnitude of the friction force depends on the friction
coefficient and the normal reaction.

Application
 It is used for sailing crews and mountain climbers. It is used for lifting the weight.

7. Spur gear apparatus

It is a cylindrical shaped toothed component used in industrial equipment to transfer

the mechanical motion as well as control speed, power and torque.
 Application
 It is used in washing machine, blenders, clothes dryers, pumps and conveyors.

8. Clutch friction apparatus

The wall mounted apparatus comprises a lower stationary plate attached to a sturdy
wall mounting bracket. On top of this stationary disc sits an upper aluminium alloy
plate whose shaft rotates in ball bearings but which is in direct contact with the
stationary plate.

Application
 It is used for automobiles, industries machinery, and power tools.

9. Gear train mechanism apparatus

This apparatus is used to demonstrate belt drives, wheel and disk drives, and gear
trains. Basic terminology and relationships, e.g. the transmission ratio, direction of
rotation reversal, reference circle and modulus, the function of intermediate gears, and
so on can be clearly demonstrated. A solid frame made of anodised aluminium section
forms the base for the unit.
 Application
 These gear trains are used in the automatic gear transmission system of cars, mopeds,
and electric vehicles.
 They are used in lathe machines and wristwatches.
 They are used in robotic systems in robotic arms, grippers, and other mechanisms.

10. Four bar chain Apparatus

Four-bar linkages are used to convert a uniform continuous rotation into a non-uniform
rotation or oscillation. The apparatus has a disc with angular scale which is used to
measure the exact input angle.

Application
 It is used in reciprocating compressor, rotary engine, scotch yoke, rope climbing robot,
and robot end-effect gripper.

11.Gyroscope apparatus

A gyroscope can be considered a massive rotor fixed on the supporting rings known
as the gimbals. The central rotor is isolated from the external torques with the help of
frictionless bearings that are present in the gimbals. The spin axis is defined by the
axle of the spinning wheel.
 Application
 It is used in aerospace industry in compasses and automatic pilot on ships and aircraft, in
the steering mechanism of torpedoes, an in the inertial guidance system installed in
space.

12. Governor apparatus

This benchtop unit is used to demonstrate the principle of operation of various
centrifugal force governors. The drive with an electronically regulated motor is fitted in
the housing. The speed is continuously adjusted using a 10-turn potentiometer and
displayed digitally.

Application
 Used in steam engines to control the speed of the engine and maintain a constant
rotational speed.

13.Balancing rotating masses Apparatus

A number of unbalanced masses such that center of mass of the system lies on the
axis of rotation, the system is said to statically balance. The resultant couple due to all
 the inertia forces during rotation must be zero. These two conditions together will give
complete dynamic balancing. It is obvious that a dynamically -balanced system is also
statically balanced, but the statically balanced system is not dynamically balanced.

Application
 Balancing of rotating masses is a process that involves identifying and reducing vibrations
caused by unbalanced centrifugal forces in rotating equipment. Unbalanced rotating
masses can cause serious damage to machinery, which can result in production delays
and even accidents.