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• 3 distinct disciplines
a. Classification- Organization of microorganism that share
similar morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits into
specific groups or taxa.
• Three Kingdom
• 2.Marguelles.et.al (1978) came up with the modified classification scheme based on the
type of cells:
• Superkingdom: Eucaryotae which include:
• Kingdom: 1. Plantae
• 2. Mycetae
• 3. Animalia
• 4. Protista
• Superkingdom: Procaryotae which includes:
• Kingdom: 1. Monera
Unicellular, prokaryote
Supplemental readings: Chapter 1 p 1-4 -BAILEY & SCOTT’S
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY. 12 Ed. Forbes,BA, Sahm, DF,
Weissfeld, AS.
Assoc. Prof. Rogelio S. Cruz Centro Escolar University
The Taxonomic Hierarchy : Define
• Species
• Genus
• Family
• Order
• Class
• Phylum
• Kingdom
• Domain
• https://www.google.com/search?q=youtube+
nematodes&ei=wPzhY-
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Nematode&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQA
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Assoc. Prof. Rogelio S. Cruz Centro Escolar University 22
Assoc. Prof. Rogelio S. Cruz Centro Escolar University 23
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Difference Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Cell Membrane
Chromosome Absent Possess a “true nucleus”
it unifies, controls, and
integrates the functions of
the entire cell ; command
center of the cell
Cytoplasmic
80S 80S 70S
Ribosomes
Species (a species has two name; Homo sapiens Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus
the first name is the genus, and the
second name is the specific epithet)
2 general criteria
• Phenotypic Criteria
1. Macroscopic morphology / Cultural/Colonial) Characteristics
2. Microscopic morphology
3. Staining Characteristics
4. Environmental & Nutritional Requirement
5. Resistance profile/ Antimicrobial Testing
6. Antigenic profile/ Serological Testing
7. Subcellular or Biochemical properties/test
• Genotypic Criteria
1. DNA base composition
2. Nucleic Acid ( DNA and RNA) base sequence
Supplemental readings: Chapter 5 p
73-76. BAILEY & SCOTT’S
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY. 12
Ed. Forbes,BA, Sahm, DF,
Weissfeld,
• The primary function of the host isto carry on the parasite’s life
cycle.
• Definitive host
• Intermediate host
• Reservoir host
• Transport host
• Carrier
• It is mostly a vertebrate.
Ascaris lumbricoides
• Giant intestinal roundworm / Eel worm / Roundworm of man
• Most common parasite worldwide
• Definitive host: Man
• Infection begins following the ingestion of emryonated ova
• Goes heart to lung migration
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
• Rat lung worm
• Definitive host: Rat
• Human as terminal host
• Man acquired through ingestion of contaminated snail containing larva
• Adult worm resembles barber pole appearance
• Eggs resemble hookworms
Gnathostoma spinigerum
• Has prominent cephalic bulb and body spines
• Primarily by eating undercooked freshwater fish, eels, frogs, birds and
reptiles larva
• Definitive host: Dog and Cat
• Associated with migratory swellings in the skin or Indurated nodules
Dirofilaria immitis
• Dog heart worm
• Definitive host: Dog
• Partial nocturnal, unsheathed and arthropod borne infection
• In human (accidental terminal host) heart, dead worm becomes embolus
producing pulmonary infarct (coin lesions on x-ray)
Taenia serialis
• Also known as Multiceps multiceps / Taenia multiceps
• Definitive host is dog, wolf and fox
• Human acts as accidental intermediate host
• Coenurus usually found in CNS
• Also calledas bladder worms
• “Staggers” in sheep