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G.l. BOOK HOUSE

complete manual •
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Specification· and Valuation

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T.U. P..U. PO.U .

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Er. Rajan Pandey •

Er. Surendra Katwal •

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Publisher
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G.L. Book House Pvt. Ltd.

Jnfro1nt of Thapathali Engineering Campus, Maitighar, Kathmandu

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Cos ing PREFACE TQ THE FOURTH EDITION

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.' '' Estimating a n d t •
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' Bachelor of Engineering •

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Est1mat1ng and Costing is a com pulsory course in the fourth year for B.E . •
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students of civil engineering. This text is meant for the use as introd
uc
tory course
Er. Raf an Pandey • in estimating and costing. It covers the syllabus of "Estimating and Costing
• as
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Er. Surrndra· Katwal prescribed for 1.0.E. students and other universities students .
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This book is organized into eight chapters. In first five chapters, we shal'I deal with
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introduction of estimating and costing, method of estimating, types of.estimate,
All rights are reserved.
analysis of rates and project estimate respectively. In sixth chapter, we shall deal
No part of this publication may b.e reproduced, s tored in a· retrieval with detailed estimate of single and two room building, earthwork • in road
system or transmitted in any form or by a ny m eans, electronic construction in plain and hilly area, earthwork in canal, de,tailed estimate for 1
mechanica I, photocopying, recording or otherwise, wi thout pri�r km road, slab culvert, well foundation, pier, T-beam decking, septic tank and soak
permission of G.L. Book House Pvt. Ltd.
• pit, R.C.C. water tank, aqueduct. In seventh and eighth chapter, we shall deal with
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valuation and specification respectively. Throughout this text, the basic concepts •
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Publisher • • involved in estimating and costing are emphas i zed step by step procedures for
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solving the problems are described well. The problems have been worked out in
G.L. Book House Pvt. Ltd. sufficient details so that the reader can fol tow the procedures easily. The detailed •
Maitighar, Kathmandu •
solutions of past questions of IOE examinations are presented chapter wise in
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this.book. Additional questions chapter and also listed at this book to help the
Distributor -
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readers strengthen the ir understanding of the course.
Laxn:,i .Pustak Bhandar
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1t is earnestly hoped that this text will facilitate stude'nts not only to score better
Maitighar, Kathmandu in examinations but also to gain clear knowledge of the s u bject matter discussed. •
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Printed in Nepal
• Every care has been taken to avoid misprints and errors. We would be grateful to
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readers for bringing into notice any of such errors or misprints they may come
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across while going through the book.

de to Th ap at ha li En g ne er in g Ca m pu s,
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We would like to express our deep gratitu i

at fo rm an d ex po su re in th e ed uc at i ­
Thapathali, Kathmandu for providing us pl
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D, D ep ent of c,v,I
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We are very thankf ul to Er. Shailendra R aj K ha na l (H O ar tm

a Er . l� d ra N ar ay an Y ad av (L ec tur er , IO E ,
E n g in e� e r i n g , IO E, T h ap at ha \ i) n d •

p u bl · h er·s f "G L Bo o k
Copyright © Authors Thapathal i) for their guidan ce . W e ar e al so th an kf ul to th e 15 O
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Fourth Edition . : 2
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r g iv in g u s th is ma rv el ou o p po rt un it y
076/0TT H o u se P vt . Ltd .", M a it igh ar , K a th m a n d u fo �
Price . e. W e a p p re c ia te th e s in c e re e ffo rt s
: Rs. 360.00
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and bringing out this bo ok in su ch as h ar t t ,m . t
fo rm a n d b e .
in g p a ti e n
layout & Graphics : S sha pi . ng thi. s b 00 k.10 P rese n ta b le
anyr Prajapati • of Sanyr Prajap ati for
with us while developing the boo k .
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pon sive in pro iding nece

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-'J)"S t,een
vef)' res s sa f)1
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n o ..
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,_,.,,.�. :1nd � �
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- en"ro
1r g e: us so pp o rt and insp,ra t
to
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th
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em
ur ,vork
fo r
,vo uld h ave z
_-« J •d \\ithcL•t t
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r,, ra ml th ank s their gu,da n II I
OU ee
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re " �� • \\' t e xpr .. ess •
E/TEC) and family for their valuabl • .
� :-l � f' �
a
r si
ls.o lil t? to t h a n\: o ur fr1� nd s ( o69
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JB C e •
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\\".> \\'Cl ,JJ c::,
p..1 n io ns h 1p . •
rt Jnd c o ni c.:,
� .. r'1 · o n o f t 'h is te xt to al I our friend
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1
. t e th e se c on d ed s •
Id lile t o d ed1ca
L�st�· ,�e ,, -c u
us to dev elop this book. Chapter
h 3v e en c our a ged
(�'3C EJ C .o) y.i,o
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition 1
our readers.. • 1.2 Estimaed cost and actual cost 1
Best y.iisJ,es to all
1.3 Purpose of estimaing 1
1.4 Octa required for eslimaimaing 2
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• .1.4 .1 Drawings 2
1.4.2 Specifications 2
• Authors
1.4.3 Rates 2
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Er. Rajan Pandey
1.4.4 Methods of measurement • 2
Er. Surendra Katwal
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1.5 Units of measurements 2
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1.6 Units of measurement and pJyment 3
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1.7 So>.,ed problems - 5
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Chapter
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METHOD OF ESTIMATING
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2.1 Methods of measurement of building and civil engineering works ·a
' • • 2.2 Subheads of various items of work 10
• 2.3 Methods of t!king out estimaes (quantities) 10
• 2.3.1 Centre line method 11
2.3.2 Crossing method 11
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2.3.3 Out to out and in to in (long wall and short wall) method 11
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2.3.4 Bay method 12
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2.4 Bill of quantities 12

• 2.5 Prepiraion of detail eslimaes 13
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• 2.6 So..,ed problems 15
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TYPES OF ESTIMATING ,
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Preliminary or approximcte or rough estimae 17
• 3.1
3.1.1 Unit rate estimate 18
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3.1.2 Plinth area estimate 19
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6
esti mate
3 C ubic rate
3.1. 24 Chapter
ra te e sti m ate
1 4 ftem
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3.2 Detai led esti ma

evised
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est imate
25 • DETAILED ESTIMATE
I 3.2- 1 R
esl
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im at 26 6.1 Detailed estimae of a sing'le room building 95
enta ry
3.2.2 supplem te 6.2 Detailed estimcie of two room building
re p, a.
,r a nd annu al maintena nce estima 26 124
3.2.3 An nuar 6.3
p ovem ent of estunate 26 Estimae of e,arthwork in road construction in plain area 151
Ext e ns ion and im r
3.2 .4 6.3.1 Sowed problems 160
Co m plete est imate 27
31 5 , 6.4 Estimae of earthwork in road construction in hil¥ area 167
Spfrl up of cost of buil din g works 27 •
3. 3 6.4.1 Sowed problems 197
so�ed problems 29 6.5 Estimae of earth work in canals 207
3.4
• 6.5.1 Sowed problems 216

4
• 6.6 Estimae for the construction of highway for one km length 226
• Chapter •
6.7 Eslimae for slab cuwert 227
6.8 Estimae of a well roundaion 233
I ANALYSIS OF RATES 6.9 Estimcte of pier 235
6.10 Estimae for t-beam decking
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240
4.1 Introduction 37
6.11 Estimae for septic tank and soak pit 243 •
4.2 Purpose of rae ana�is • 37 6.12 Estimae of an underground r.C.C. Waer tank 252 •
4.3 Importance of rae ana�is 38 6.13 Estimae of an aqueduct 253'
Requirements of rae ana�
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4.5 Factors affecting the rae ana�is 38 • •

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4.6 Method of prepiring rae ana�is • • 38 · · Chapter
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4.6.1 Material estimate 38
4.6.2 Analysis of rate
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VALUATION
4.6.2.1 Building worb 66 7.1 Introduction 257
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• 4.6.2.2 Road works 7.2 Purpose of va1ua:ion 257
76
4.6.2.3 Sanitary and water supply works 7.3 Principle of valuajon • • 258
78
4.7 Sot.led problems •
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7.4 Factor's affecting the valuaion 258
82 7.5 Terms used in valuaion 258
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• 7.6 Method of detennining the rae of depreci�on 265

Methods of determining value of property
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7.7 266
Chapter 7.8 Methods of valuaion report writing • 276
7.9 277
PROJECT ESTIMATE So)led problems
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5.1 Definition of project •

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5.2 Estimae for a projed •

5.3 Report on estimae

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Chapter 8 •
5.4 Estimae for building projects
5.5 Eslimae for road project
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SPECIFICATION
5.6 91 281
Estimae for inigcijon project 8.1 Introduction
5.7 91 8.2 lmportmce or specif�ns 281
Estimae for small sewerage
proje·ct •
282
5.8 Estimae for waer supp� proj
92 8.3 Purpose of specificaions
ect 8.4 Types of speciftcaions 282
5.8 93
So�ed problems 282
94 8.5 Specifieciions writitng
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lr�od.JCJo.'1 ..::;., Ch a :, t e r 1 I 4
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I C apter
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• • 1.1 DEHNmON •

Estimate is the process of calculating or computing the various quantities

• and the expected expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
The estimate gives the probable cost of the work.
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The primary objective of an estimate is to enable one to kno\v the probable

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• cost of the work before the ·completion 1of the project. If the estimate is
• • . prepared carefully and correctly there will not be much diffcrence beh\'een
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estimated and actual cost
Importance of �timatin5
i) The estimate is necessary for fixing budget for the purposed project.
ii) It is necessary for calculating the required quantities of materials and
labourss for the project
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iii) It is necessary to draw up a ivork schedule.
• iv) . · It is necessary to fix �p a complection period of the proposed project
v) It is also helpful to check the ";orks done by contractors during and
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after the execution.
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vi) It is required for prepaljng tender for the project
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vii) It is necessary for the valuation of land and building.

1.2 ESTIMATED COST ANID ACTUAL COST •

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• Estimated cost is the anticipated or probable cost of the "'ork and is usually
prepared before
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the construction is taken up.
Actual cost is the, cost l\'hich is knO\\,t only after the completion of the work
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from the acccunt of the completed \-\'Ork.
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1.3 PURPOSE OF ESTIMATING

i) To estimate probable cost of the work.
ii) To find the various t)'pcs and quantities of material required.
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in9
n9 and( �
c ,_, ,.;n03l of E.stJTTl3ll lntroductJOn
I (o.'11;> tt . f lab ou rs required. C ha p t er 1 I
n d q u anti ties 3
ca tcg on ·es a i) Single units "'ork ,.c., pi�c,,·or
us m p
I

fi n d th c ,•a - d fo r th e c o �eti on of the ,vor k.

k and joh \\'Ork like doors, \\ 1nc!
ir:) _ :�f time rcquir _ c r ra ng e con act trusses etc., arc c pressed in o ,,·s,
To
,•e an id e ns · a n d t o a � numbers.
CI cri at io
,,·) T . e the tenders and qu ot . ,vork.
I

e e x��� ...
•ti on of ii) Long and thin \\'ork consisting
To
· in\�l
,,. re d u n n g th linear measurement like cornice
th e n dit u ra tio . fencing, hand rail, bands of sp ,
,·i) To
\')
c ont rol i,e n efi t c os t ecified ,vidth etc., are expressed
\ esctxmpeen t fr o m va l u at io n p ro p er ti es. running meters ( r111) in
it1stif)• in nt a n d
,ii) T",- ilrd r e
of
sta n d'
r

fixa ti on of iii) Shallo\v, thin and surface

dil) T o p in ,vork consisting. areal surfac�
G
hel
M A TI M A TI N measurem,cnts like plastering, \\rh
E I F O R E STI ite ,vashing, partitions of specified
D A T A BEQDIR etc . · thickness etc. arc expressed in s
1A . gs ,.. t., p]ans, e I evalions' quaremeters (m1)
s ec tio n.s,
i) Drawm iv) Mass, voluminous and thick \\'Ork
pecifi cat io ns consisting cubical contents ,,·l 1 ich
ii) s involve volume like earth ,vork
, cement concrete, masonrv
fu) Rates expressed in cubicmeters. etc. arc
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. ds of men t
Metho
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I\')
measure
1.& UNITS OF MflSOREMENT AND PAYM
1 ,4 1 OraWJ·ngs Iculat1
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. o f the quantities of the matenals.
o n
ENT
n¥1u ire d for 01 . . •
D·r:a·"rm
. gs are ·- , �
e
lans elevati ons, different section and oth
th
- er Item
d ··ngs sho"'mng P · '
Units of Unit of
• '--
Description of wor, k
c mp lete d '
i me .
nsion s are very 1 fore no.
payment
Theevan ra,
t deta
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i l 'th clear a nd o esscn tia vc
rel
measurement
WI 1
preparing an estimate.
Earthwork
' 1.1 E/\V in excavation
ml per 100m1
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1 .4.2 spe 12 E/W in filling in floor

l to be used, ml
cifications
. - th e .na tu re an d I ass the pcrlOOm3
Specification descr1'bes .
,vor k, eria
13 Surface dressing
c of mat
v ery im p rta nt for ex ec ution oF perm2
workmanship and
_ . w ork. m2
1.4 E/W in cutting in road wotk
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ml
is o

f) General Specifications 15 E/W in banking/filling work perm1

. general id ea ab ou t ,L.e na,u
ut ...r e, quali ty, class. and materials in • ml perm3
a 2 Brick wo.rk
general terms lo be used in various types of ,vork.
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This e VI
rVCS

2.1 8/\¥ on flat soling

ii) Drt.iiled Specifica�ns perm�
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22 8/•W on foundation
ml
.
These gives lhe detailed pr1 n of the various
.items or lVOrk laying ml e rm
23 B/W in superstructure
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down the quantities and qµ�� alrties o� �a lerials , their proportions, method of
p
ml
preparation, \\'orkmanship and execut1on of work. 24 Fairfaced brickwork • per m3
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ml pcrm3
25 B/W in cornice
perm
��!
m
26 rlalf Brick thick ,vall
ml
• at

perm2
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a� ;�tial for the computation of estimate by multiplyini;-qua titi
� � Con• aete work
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of niaterials with unit rates. For preparing th� estima�e the un'.I rates o eac
item of ,vork, are requarL-u.
_.J Unit rates of each item amvc rom. r 3.1 P.C.C. in foundation
. . ml pcrm3
I.) The rates of various materials to be used in tl,e ronstruct1on. 3.2 75 mm thick P.C.C. •
ml perm�
The cost of transport materials. 3.3 50 mm thick P.C.C.
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m2
ii) •
The ,vagcs of Ja,bour. perm�
iii) ·
3.4 Lime concrete P.C.C.
ml per 1113
1.4.4 Mef hods of Measurement 3.5 Plum concrete
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. perm1
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Updated mode of measurement for standa d deductions . .. 3.6 P.C.C. for R.C.C. works
m,
� or additions ar�
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also necessary to detcnnine the correct quantities
ml per 1113
of ,vork. 4 Wood work:
4.1 Wood ,vork for doors and ,vindo,
1.5 UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS vs ml perm1
TI,c units of 111casurcments arc mainl}' categorized 4.2 doors and ,vindows sl,uttc-rs
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for tl,cir nature, slla�,

sire ancf (or n1aking payn1cnts to the contract (Panelled" fluslt, glaz.ed, ,vircn1esh
or also. Tl1c principle of units m? per m 2
of mrasurcn1c11ts nc,rmally consists the fo shutters)
llo,-ving:
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 t n ---------­
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rl9ta �n�d�C�os i� � SL
Manual of Est1ma - lnlrodtJCl1on, Ch apter 1 I 5
omplete '
1c
t m'J pe r m3
�

r, 1
. · t' p os " 1.7 SOlVED PROBLEMS
,,,ork (or r aft e 01s
4.3 �i\fo d . -
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a II pla res , etc •

ml perm3
parl 1n, w 1. What is an estimate? Bri efly describe the d ata required for the
ork fo r tr oss ml per n1 2
4 ·4 "'00 d \,, .
. preparation of an estimate. (2069 ChaitTa, P.U. 2014, P.U. 2016J
od cn pa rti'tion m2 per n12 Ans: Su the definition part 1.1 and 1.4
4 S l\'o
se cei lin gs
. ,voode
4.6 n (al m2 per n,2
,,,o rk 2.. What are the purposes of estimating? [2070 Asl1adl1J
4.7 woo d en io rm
Ans: Su the definition port 1.3
works
•

5 Me t .1I •
mc n t for R.C .C. kg or MT per kg or �IT 3. What are the units and measurement of the folloiving items lV1ork?
5.1 Steel reinforcc
works i) Surface dressing
•
kg per kg
ii) Doors and tvindo,vs shutters
5.2 Mild steel GrilJ kg per kg iii) Pointing works
a r t r o s s es a n d p a rt ies
S.3 Tubul iv) Steel reinforcement for R.C.C. ,vorks [2070 Ashad.h)
Plaster works m2 perm2 Ans: i) Surface dressing : m2
6.1 Cement plaster m2 p erm 2 ii) Doors and \\'indo\,·s shutters : 1n2 •

6.2 Pointing ,vorks iii) Pointing "''arks : m2

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P a in ti n g a n d p o li sh ing •
i\.·) Steel rci11forcement for R:C.C. \\'Orks; kg or tonne •
7 •
te m p e r, e m en t,
7.1 Painting ,,,o r ks (d es � m2 pcrm2
io n , e n a m e l p o an t e tc.) 4. What are the purposes of estimating and costing? Explin the data
plastic e m u ls
m2 perm2 req ui red for estimating. [2070 Chaitra]
7.2 French polishing ,, Ans: See the definition part 1.3 and 1.4
ml perm2
7.3 Varnish Polishing •
• •

Miscellaneous works • 5. Define estimate and write its purpose: . (2071 Shra,van, P.U. 2015]
m2 perm2 Ans: See the definition part 1.1 and 1.3
8.1 Marble flooring •

ml
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8.2 Mosaic flooring per n,2
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6. What a.re the units of measurements and payments of the follo,ving
8.3 Plaster of paris (P.O.P.) • m2 ·perm2 items? (2071 Shra,vanJ
8.4 Cement skirting m perm •
i) Earthwork in excavation
Table: Units of measurement and payment of vanous item of work
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'ii) Woodwork in door and window sh utters
iii) W.C. pan
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• iv) Reinforcemient work • I

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v) White washing
Ans: i) Earthwork i n excavation .
•

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• Unit : 111 3
•

Pa}'Dlent : Per m3
•
ii) Wood�vork in door and windo,v shutters
• •
• • Unit : n12

Pa}·•ncnt : Per n,2 •

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• iii) W.C. pan •

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• Unit : number
•
Pa)rn1ent : Per nun,ber I
• •
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• iv) Reinforcement \-vork •

• Unit : kg or tonne -
Pa yn,ent : Per kg or tonne
.. •
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nd
a . cos t1r ,g
nt.al of Estu. natins 7
I Coniplctc
,\.\a _____,;,..____ ________�f�tn :.:....:rod
=-=ucllon � Ch apter 1 I

w ash i n g 12. Mcntio11 the various purposes of estimating. [2074 J\shwin]

\\'}lite 2
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\') Ans: See the definition port 1.3
Unit : m 2
. P·ayment: Perm 13. Write the unit of measurement and payment for the follo\-ving
en and pa ym en t fo r civil
o f m eas u re m t
items of work..
• st most common un1. ts r om each). [ 2071 Sh ra wanJ (2074 Ash win]
L1 (at le ast £.
J\ ,e f
7. . a [)' \\'Or ks i) Surface excavation
,,·orks and sa nit •
1.5 . . ii) Brickwork in well steining
� f� definition port
Ans: of qu an
..
t1 iii) Lightening conductor
•
art ng an est im ate t1cs of
p s of pre p . iv) �omice
ar e th e p os e
. uire d for prepan ng a n
s.
ur req
Wh at p I ain he d a ta Ans:
�ost ? Ex t
(2072 Kartik]
work and its
S.N. Unit of
estimate. t 4
Description o.f work Units of measurement
definition port 1. 3 0 nd payment
A ns: See the ·
i) Surface excavation
e he pur pos es of pre par ing es tim ate? t---t-----------+---- m3 per m3
ma e, w � at ar t
9. Define esti t
p re p ari n g d e-ta ile d e s ti m ate . i i) Brick \vork in ,vell steining . m? per m2
us r q ents for •
Explai n vario e u irem
. (2072 Chaitra] iii) Ligl1tening conductor •
m per n1
. .
•
iv) Cornice
p art 1 .1, l .3 a.nd 1 4 r.m per r.m
Ans: See the def initi�n
I

Stat
est•unate·e t he necessity and estimated cost 14. Write five units of measurement of each length, ill'ea and volume.
Descr· ibe the .term
•
10. th e var iu s requr re m ents fo r . (2074 Chaitra]
r k. M entio n
in construcfi o_n wo . · (207 3 Shra wan ] Ans: See the definition port 1.6
preparing detailed estim ate . .
An s : � e th� definition par t l.l ond 1.4 15. Enlist the purposes of preparing estimate of quantities of work and
•

its cost. (2075 Ashwin]

the es im te d co st is ne ver th e actu al ·c.o st. A ls o wr ite
I

11. Explain t a
Ans: See the definition part 1.3
inci ples of un it m ea su re m en t. (207 3 Ch aitra, P.U . 20 14 , P.U . 20 15)
pr
Ans: For the first part 16. . Define estimate.. List out the data required for preparing an
The ,vo rd 'estim ate' itself ref ers tha t it can neve r be act ua l. An estimate and discuss ,vith relevant examples h�w estimate is based
estimate is a probable cost of construc�on for a \.vork. The accuracy of on each of them. [P.U. 2017]
an estimate depends on a careful study o� the various dimensi�ns on Ans: See. the definition part 1.1 and 1.4
the dra\\'ings, tlie�ti-of-estimatiog,_eonsioeration of rates, •
17. Define estimation. What are the requirements of estimation?
probable expenses which may be required for various unforeseen t
· [P.U. 2017]•
v.rorks and labourers and also quantity of tolerance for wastages. Ans: See the dtfinition part 1.1 and 1.4
••
Also the actual cost depends upon the skill and experience- of the
estimator. But the actual cost ca� be known fron1 the p1hysical 18. Explain· about estimated cost and actual cost? \\'hat are the
n,easurements of the din1ensions for various iten1s of }-vork at site purposes of estimate? • (P.U. 2018)
• and the actual rates of all sucl, items of work during execution of Ans: See the definition part 1.2 and 1.3
,,,ork. All expenses for all probabilities cart be 1&10\vn \vhen tt,e
19. State ,vhy estin,ated cost is necessary in construction ,york. Discuss
construction is completed. Day-to-day expenditure is maintai11ed b)'
various data required to prepare an estintate. (2075 Chaitra]
the completion of the "''ork as ¥.rell as the account.
Ans: See the dtfinition part 1.1 and 1.4 •
So, it can be justified that ,,,hatever method n,a}' be adop,ted, in
•

g eneral, all estimates are approximate in nature and can never be the 20. What is an estin,ating? \Vhat are the ptuposes of estimating?
acluaJ cost of ,,,ork. Mention various data ,vhich ar� required for preparing detailed
, estimate. [2076 Ash\vin]
For the secont part Ans: See the definition part 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4
· See the definition part J.5 •
•
•
•
•
• • J
 ti mat1n 9 arK.J \,.VJ•" ·
J
•
Maroa I of E5
8 I complete Method of Est1ma ,ng Ch apter 2 I 9
•
Different kinds and classes of brick \Vork shall be taken under separate item.
•
•
• No deduction sl1all be made for opening up to 0.1 ml or l sq ft
• •
Stone Masonry

chapter
The stone masonry' \VOrk shall be Liken in cubic m or cu fl The description
•
of stone materials or n,ortar and their proportion and nature and t)·pc of
• \valling shall be stated. Different type of stone masonry such as random,
• ashlar shall be taken under separate items .
• Woodwork •
Wood\vork shall be taken in cu m or cu ft. Different kind of wood and
• different nature of ,voodwork shall be taken under separate item and shall
• be fully described stating the wood and woodwork.
• Door and windo\V shutter sl1all be taken in m2 or sq. ft. Stating, the thicknes->
•
and the kind of wood and both faces shall be described. Measurement shall
•
•

be taken from inside after closing the shutters excluding chaukhat.

2.1 METHODS Of MEASU REM ENT Of BUILDING AND CIVIL . Door and \\rindo,,, chaukhat shall be taken in cu m or cu ft� Type of \vood shall
r
be stated and chaukhat of different kind of \VOod shal be kept separate\}'·
I
ENGINEER ING WORK S •

• Steel and Iron Work •

Earthwork 3 and length breadtl1 and height The steel and iron ,vork shall be measured in quintal or kg. Various items
,,·ork sh all be tak en in cu bic m i.e., m
Earth Ex ca va · n s h a 11 inc
tio · shall be measured under separate items. Bending shall not be measured
t
hall b e easu red to ge t cu bic co nte nt. lu de •

an th s separately; this shall be included in the item of correspondence.

ea rth· at lea st on e n1etre c le ar of th e ed g e of
p
thro,,•ang o
d d� f . ex ca m
va te d . . . •
• Dressing or trimming and leveling or gradmg, ran,m1ng and Roof Covering •
excavation. · •

id ation th ick nes s of ea c� la }1e r sh all b e d es cr 'b

1 e an d inc 1 u d c_ ·
1n t he Roof covering shall be taken in sq. m or sq. ft. Nleasuremcnt of laid roof shall
consol
item of ear th, ,·or k. No separa te me asu rcn 1en t sha ll b� tak en , for set tin g ou t be·taken ,,vithout considering lap of one over other. Opening up to 0.4 sq. m
,,rorks, profiles, site clearance etc. These are included m the rate. (sq. ft.) shall not be considered. Supporting structure of roof shall be takeu
Concrete Work under separate item.
. . •
•
in cub ic m. i.e., n, 3 or cubic ft. No
Concrete ,,·ork shall be measure d Ceiling
deduction shall be made for opening up to 0.1 m2 (1 sq. ft) Ceiling sltall be taken in sq. m or sq. ft. and the method of fixing shall be
Form,,·ork, (centering and shuttering) shall be taken under separate item in described.
•
No deduction shall be made opening up to 0.4 sq. n1 or 4 sq. ft.
sq. n1 (sq. ft) unless othernise included in concrete ,vork. • •

. Flooring
R.C.C. Work . •· Flooring sl,all be ta1'en in sq 111 or sq ft. Net area covered shall be n,easured
RCC \\'Ork shall be taken in n,3 (cu. ft) excluding stee l and the steel stating the thickness, kind of materials, size, n1ortar and its mix.
reinforcement shall be n,easured under separate item in quintal (kg). Skirting up to 30 en, .in height shall be n1easured in running n1c ter or ft and
Norn1ally, centering and shutterit,g (forn,,,,ork) sl,all 1,ot 111easure
skirting exceeding 30 en, shall be n1easured in sq. m (sq. ft.) stating the t)·pe
separatcJ), but included in the rate of R.C.C. ,vork. •
of finish.
Damp Proof Course •
Plastering and Pointing
Dam proof course ma}' be measured in m2 (sq. ft) stating thickness. The •
1,orizontal and \'ertical damp proof course measured separately.
Plastering and pointing shall be taken in sq m or sq ft stating thick-ncs5,
mortar and its mi.x. Plastering of all roofs ceiling, \\'alls etc shall be measured
•
. Brickwork under separate items. No deduction shall be done up to 0.5 sq. n, or 5 sq. ft.
B�ck,,,ork sl1all be taken in cubic n, or (cubic rip tion of tl, e
ft). The desc •
bncks and of the materials of n1ortar ,,,itl,
proportion. should be stated. •
• •
• •
•

•
 and costi ng '
st1 m a ling
1 of £
\ lc (C (\,\3nUd
I co111p
Meth - rJ of Est1mat1ng � Ch a p t er 2 I 11
• •

ti ng tl1c nu n, bc r of co at s. Di ffe re
pa fn ti n g . q . n, ( sq . ft). sta n t iii) Out to out and in to in method •

t a k. e n .
111 s cret e e tc , s h a b
II e taken un f
all be d c on c
Pai. nti. ng sl1'
•
e r
I iv)
·
su e J , �
..
, st eel, \\' O O , Bay method
cs o f sur fa cc s I"

t)'p 2.3.1 Centre Line Met hod

se p ar a te i tem .
Supp lY W o r 1< !his metl,od is suitable only if the offsets ar,c syninictrical and the buildin
sanitary and W
ate r
�n nin g n 1 eter or ft. Fittings such
be n1e as ur e d i· n . as 1s mor� or less rectangular in shape. The center line of the building j�
es ,,·or"' ,. s 1 ,a II sep a rat el) ' the len gth sh al
All pip . ns etc · s)1all not b e me as ure d . . s th t ti . . l be de�erm1ned carefully after doing deductions for repeated n1easurements
. of the pipe and f1tt1ng \\'I s a ng metllod .
bend, ;u nctio ent er 1 ane Tll1s center line acts as lengtt, for the con1plete calculations of the estin,ate If
g t he c
n,easured alon t�e deduction is not cared for the results of estimates may be ,vro ng. All llie
of la}'ing. walls should l1ave the same sec tion.
Ele�car W�� o int etc. Po n
0.30m
k in p oin ts as light p oin t, ·fan p i t
•
ha ll b e � en · ·
Efechical \\ 1n. ng- 5
r ·ire d 1n
· con1p Ie te ,v1r1ng, ci � •
•• ••
11 ne cess ary w ork requ rcu it
l\11ing shall incl.ud e a d
- 1······-····-······· .. ··---··-··-····........ -....._ ·­
.• ,------- -- ••
. su bm ai n b oar d sl uill b e m eas u re se parate ly in ••
. ng from 0.1am board to • •
•••
,,m
••
• •
• •• •••

running meter or fee t. •

• 260m
•
:
• 4.00 m x 200 m :•
•
2..30m
•
•
Road Work
•

s ,· grit, e c shal l be .m easu re d .

1n cu b"
1c n1 or cu. ft. In· •

Road n,etal, balla t t _

fo r v o id s. Solin g coat sl1all be ta ken 1n sq. n 1 o r sq. ft .
boulder deduct 10 % •

• 4.30 Dl -
Materials Figwc: (•)
tiles sh all be ta ke n� in n un tbers statin g size , qu al it}' and cl ass . ,.
Bricks an d
ba llast etc . sha ll be taken in c �. m or cu . ft. Ce men t sh all · Fr�m the figure (a); \Ve have, •

Sand , su rkhi, stone , ·

Centre to centre length = 2 x 2.30 + 2 x 4.30 = 13.20 01 •
be measured b}' ,,•eight in 50 kg bag. •

Item Description
2.2 SUBHEADS OF VARIOUS ITEMS• OF WORK •
No. of work
No. L (m) B (m) H (m) Quantity Remark
i) Earth\-\rork
1.
•
• Brick \Vork 1 13.20 0.3 3 11.88 m3
•
ii) Concrete ,vork
•
iiQ Brick work •
•
2.3.2 Crossing Method
iv) Stone ,vork •
In tl1is n,ethod, lengths and breadths of the n1asonry \\'alls at plinth level are
v) Wood work • •
taken (iI1ternal din1 e�ion of the roon, + thickness: of th.e \-\'alls) for
. ,,j) Steel worR calculating quantities. The S)'"mmetric¥ offsets are a must as in the case of
. vii) Roofing •'
•
•
centerline n,ethod. The centre line lengtl1 is obtain b)' calculating ·the O\'erall
viii) Flooring ,
•
perin,eter of building and subtracting tl,e four times thickness of ,,·all on it.
ix) Plastering'and pointing · Fron, the figure (a); '"'e ha\'C,
x) Painting and distempering . Total length= 2 x 2 6 + 2 x 4.6 - 4 x .30 •

xi) .
\ Vhite washing and colour \\rashing •
•
. = 13.20 n,
xii) Miscellaneous items
2.3.3 Out to Out and In lo In (Long Wall a1nd Short Wall) Method
· 2.3 METHODS Of TAKING OUT ESTIMATES (QUANTITIES) •
In this n,ethod, tl1e ,,,all along the length of roon, is considered to be long
The calculations of qu·a�tities of n1aterials can be done using various ,vall ,,,hile tl1e "·all perpendicular to long ,,·all is said to be short ,,,aJl. To g et
n,etf1ods of estin1ates. The application of an individual n,ethod depends the length of long ,,·all or short ,val], calc11late first the center line lengths of •

upon the design and shape of the building. The differ nt n1ethods are as individual ,valls. Then the length of long ,val[, (ottt to ot1t) n1a}' be calculated
e
under: after adding half brea� th at cacl, en.,d to its �enter line length� Thus the
i) Centre line n,ethod length of sl1ort ,vall 111easureti into i11 and n,ay· be found b}' deducting half
•
ii) Crossing method breadth from its center line length at eacl, end. The· length of long ,,·all •

•
•

•
•
• ., = m
 / ' ostr n9
• • . t1. nS a nd c
. t f Est1 rna
td e fvW1 U8 · o
P
•
•
• ti (c om , br ck '\'O r k i n super structure Whil '
Method of Est1mat1ng � Ch apter 2 I 13
o t: i e
,,, !
•
k readth and de
{ro m earth ar e m u lti plie d _by b pth
' decr e� n h all r S. No. Description or Quantit
usu � llJ e ases. T}tese le gt . ct ic ab le under ci cum s tanc� - Unit Rate Unit of Amount
•
w a 11 i n cr . m os t p ra . . . � p.i.rticulars
the sh o rt _ ,, nus rnet .
h o d is
11/ D for comp uting e quantities of
t h y• (Rs. P) rate (Rs. P)
to get quan� es . folJo,ved in the P. . . 1. Ilrick,vork 24 n,J
g e ne&� J y l
an d 15·
o us ite m s. •

vari
•

0.3001
,.....
r Z.OOm
•

'
•

4.00 DI ,c 2.00 m
• •
Function

I�=====�i�=====�..,
•

BOQ may serve as:

•
• i) A breakdO¥l11 of the tendered price, ,vith no contractual status, lbut
o.301J\ providing information for the selection fron1 tenderers;
I
• .. I .t60m
ii) A estin1ate measure of the work (or the tendered price, to be used to
•
o. L (m) B(m) H(m) Quantity Remark arrive at a revised contract price once t.he actual quantities of ,vork
es cri pt(on N .
ltttn D •
• carried out arc n1easured. This is the re-measure fora, of contract
No.· of work •
.

iii) Scl1edule of rates as contract basis fo r. valtting variations in the ,vork.

•
.. J. Brick work iv) A !basis for measure of the value of work competed for interim
4.60 0.3 3 8.2B •
payments. · ·
Long \\"all 2
"' 200 0.3 3 3.60 • •

Short ,van .t. 2.5 PREPARATION OF DETAIL ESTIMATES ·

I, • Total 11.88 m 3 . The unit-quantity method is followed to prepare a detailed estimate. In this
m ethod the rates per unit \\'Ork of one item including profit are considered
. 2.3 .4 -Say M.ethod first and the total cost for the item is found, by multiplying the cost per unit
•

fu l. a n d is· ge ne ra ll} ' fo llo ,ved in ca se o f. b lt ild in

· g havm · g _of rate by the number.
This method is use 1 orked out and then
• . T. h co s t o f tJ e on e cl as s ro om is \\ The procedure for prep aration of detailed estinuite is divided into h\'o parts:
se ve ral bays e 1
. . . . •
ba )'S in th at bu 1ld 1n g. !h e ex tr a co st of the end
multiplied b}' the nu m be r of \

ld be m ad e, so as to Measurement Form
,valls and differe nc e in fra m in g. Jf th ere is• an y, sh ou . •
' Item Desai ption No. Length Breadth Height Content Remark•
arrive at the correct cost.
•

• ,
•
no. or • • or or
•
Particulars Depth
I

Quantit
• 1 -, 3 y •

•
y
• • •
•
•
• •
• - •
' •
'I

•
• X X X •
•

2.4 Bill OF QUANTITIES

•

Abstract of Estimate Fonn •

. It is the staten1ent of v._ario� iten1 of \\'Ork giving the descript ion, q uanti � ie s

and units of rates·. A bill of quantities· is a docun1ent used in tenderin_g

S.No. Description or Quantit Unit Rate Unit of Amount
particulars y. (Rs. P) rate (Rs. P)
process which includes the materials, parts, and labour ,vith respect to the�r •

cost . It also details the ter111s and conditions of the construction or �ep air
s • •

. mi.
conu....act an d· ite . •
zes all ,,,ork to enable a contractor to price th e ,,fork f or •

which he or she is bidding. rt is same as abstract of estimated co st bu��

•
- -

rates and amount columns are left blank.· \\'hen rates and amounts are fi Functions of an Abstract of Estimate •
up and totaled; this gives the estimated cost
. \ •

• • . - .
 •• •
• •

• •
• • •

rnat · na
I,•.:> an d C ost ing • •

nual of •
Est1 I
14 I Compl ete Ma
•
' Method of Est11nat1ng � Ch apt c r 2 15
•
. . a te ar e: . ..
. an abs tr act o f est i m . .
s f . . 2.6 SOLVED PROBLEMS
•
The main function O
d ·f fe re n t it em s o f ,v o rk s r e q u i r e d to •

ated cos t and t h c t ..

r The total estim kno \vn .
complcte pr o 1
· e ct can
· be 1. Explain two popular methods to calculate quantities of a building.
\
ca lie d af te r ex cl u d in g th e am ou n t
h % rate le� ders are (2069 Chaitra]
. -► Basis on
·
,,•hic d es tabl ishm ent
•

g y . a nd ,vor k-c harg e Ans: See the def initi�n part 2.3
•
for contin en c
c a n a � v � a t h is o ,v n
e n t a n d a c o n tr a c to J
► A part of tender do.cum in th e d e s c r ip ti o n c o l u m n . 2 Explain in short the various methods of taking quillltitics in
e s c he d u le O f w o r k d es c rib ed
rate s fr o m th . , building works. [2070 Chaitra]
. h b il ls a r e p r e p a r e d fo r p a } n,e n t.
. ► Th is is th e b a s is on \V h :ic Ans: See the definition port 2.3
t it e ms o f w o r ks c a n b e k n o w n .
Comparati v e c o s ts o f d if fe r e n
3. What are the various methods of taking out quantities? Explain
Data Re q ui re d fo r Preparing D eta ile d Es ti ma te •
. with figures. . {2071 Shrawan]
•
Ans: See the definition port 2�3
•
► · Drawing • •
•

► · Specifications(b th g ne ral and de ta ile d) •

o e
•
• 4..• Prepare ta.hies of quantity sheet and abstract cost for a residential
•
► Rates · · •
building. (2071 Chaitra)
► Updated mo de of measurement- ; • • Ans: Su the definition port 2.5
• ,I
• •
Factors Considered During Detalled Estimation .S. What are bill quantities? State its importance. [2071 Chaitra]
I·
•
I
t i) Quantity o.f materials · . Ans: See the definition part 2.4 ·
• •
Availability of materials
•
•
ii)
I
I iii) Transportatior, of materials •
6. What are the various methods of taking quantities of works?
J •
iv) Location of site
• •
Explain their uses. What do you understand by bill of qu.inlities?
II . ·_ (2072 Karlik]
v) LocaJ labour charge · . • ••
Ans: Su the definition part 2.3 and 2.4
•
•
•
Work Charged Establishment or Overhead •

•
During the construction of a project considerable number of skilled 7. What are the various methods of taking out quantities of items of
supervisors, \\'ork assistance, \\"atchmen etc. are en,plo1'ed on ten,porary works?
· Explain the importance of abstract of bill
· of quantities.
basis. The salaries of these persons arc drawn from the amount allotted • (2072 Chaitra] •

to,vards the ,vork charged establishment. That is, establishment .which is - AJ,s: Su the definition part 2.3 and 2.4
\
charged directly to work __ An amount of 1.5 to 2% of the estimated cost is 8.
Describe briefly how you will prepare a detailed estimate of a
•
. provided tolvards the '\'Ork charged. · . building [2073 Shrawan]
• ' •
· Ans: Su the definition par1 2.5
•
Co nti ng en cy •
•
•
ContingenC}' is provided in construction contracts to allo,v for miscellaneous 9.
Explain in brief the various methods of taking out quantities of
unforeseen costs ��hich cannot be classified under any other head, but is -
civil engineering works. . ·
• {2073 Chaitra]
•
necessary' for successful con1pletion of the projecl In consbuction con tracts Ans: See the definition port 2.3
• usually 3 to 5 percent of contract value is provided as contingency allowance. • • •
•

An exan1ple of such unforeseen·cost is price escalation. 10. Explain. various method of calcul.iting quantities? Define.
.
•
. -
• contingencies. -
•
l P.U. 2015]
Centage Charges or Department Charges · • Ans: See ihe definition port 2.3 and 2.5 •

\t\'hen the engineering departinents take up the work of other depart,1,ent, a - •

•
percentage amount o f 10 to 15% of the estimated cost is charged to meet the 11. Explain about contingencies and work charged establishment.
expenses of establishment, designing, planning, sup ervision etc: and this. . [P.U. 2016]
•
perce�tage charge is knolvn as centage tharge. Ans: Su the definition pert �.5
•
• •
• 12. Describe how will you prepare a detailed estimate of a building.
• (2074 Ashwin]
•
•
Ans: See the definition part 2.5 •
•
• •

•
• •
> ••••.,... , . ...� ••••
 • • 1
•

mating an d C ostin g
Manua I o f Est i I 17
16 I Complete • Types of Est.Jmat1ng .t;. Ch a pt er 3

u il d i n g e sti mat e w i th s k e tc h.
ous met h of b su i ta b le
vari _
•

13, . Expla in � &h

. es and work charge establishment.
•

g
•

Explai n the t enn co ntin enci

. (2074 Chailt•
l •

and 2.5 .
•

f 2. 3
•

Ans: SU the definition· par

•

e p r
•

f co m pl e te es ti m at ? Pr e a e a
What are the compon
th e
[2075 Ashwin]
ents O • •

ost •
C ·apter
•

abst ract of c
•

of
•

samp le
•
•

de f in it io n part 2! °nd 3.
Ans: su the 5 4 •
'

Wh an d ho w is ov erh ea d co st co ns ide red

15. What ls overhead cost7
• •
Y ,...., t o f BO Q and AO C. [ P.U . 201 7]
•

durin g es ti m a ti o n ? P r ep ar e a f 0 11 11 ,1 •
•

Ans: Su the defjnit;on part 2.5 and �.4. •

. · m eth od of m eas ur em en t of th e fo llo wi ng it e m s

. 16 . W nt e ke y no te for
•

' [P.U. 1
•

of works . • 20 7) ,.
1 •
• ,

.
i) · Brickwork
• •

· ·
•
ii) Plastering work
•

.
· iii) Painting work , . · •
•. . ..
Ans� Su t� definition part 2.1 Th e differen t types of estin,ate are as follows: •.
•
•
•

i) Preliminar)' or approximate or rough estimate

17. How do you prepare an abstract of tost (AOq? Explain about a) Plinth area•estimate •

overhead. and (Ontingenq-? . . . · . (P•U. 2018]

•

b) . Unit rate estimate •

Su the dt.finition part 2.5 c) Cube rate est mate

•
i
- •

d) Item rate·estimate
•
•

· 18. • · What do you mean by contingency and work charged

establishment. Enumerate the relationship and differences between ii) . Detailed estimate
• •

the bill of qwntities and abstract of estimated cost. [2075 ChaitraJ . a) Revised estimate
Ans: Su the definition port 2.4 and 2.5 b) Supplementary estimate .
..
c) · Annual rep,air estimate and annual maintenance estimate
19. Explain the following: · (2075 Chaitra) d) · Complete estimate
•
•
i) Multiplying factors adopted in painting and paneled door, .. e) Extension and improven,ent estimate
• •
•

£lush door, lacquer door and glazed window.

.l - •

ii) Rules lor deduct.ions from plastering for opening in brick 3.1 PBEUMINARY OR APPROXIMATE OB BOUGH ESTIMATE
surfaces. An approximate estimate is made to find out an approximate cost� a short
•

ill) Bill of quantities time and thus enable the responsible authority concerned to consider �c
•

Ans: i) Different types of doors such as panel financial aspect of tl}.c scheme for according sanction to the sa�e. This
,J

ed, flush, lo�ver, etc. and

• •

\\'indows shall be grouped under one item · estimate is prepared after preliminal)' sun·e)ring an? \\'he': requ�ed sub
and the areas of soil investigation. A line sketch of the project according ta is requ1ren1ents
uneven surfaces shall be covered into
•

•
equivalent plain are by · ma}' be required.
multip lying the flat measured area by
a multiplying factor. The Rates are deter1nined eitl,er front practical kno,vledge or from records for
co-efficient of multiplying factors
for different door and similar works. So, approximate estin1ate is closed to the detailed estima!e.
"·indows surfaces are varies acco
rding to thei r-- shape and size. An approximate estimate of the project is generally ,vorkout before its
ii) While calculating p,lasterin
g l\'ork n o deduction sl,all be niade detailed estimate is taken in hand. .
for the following items:
· a ) open�g Necessity of App;oximate Estimate ·
of less than 0.5 m2 •
. An approxin,ate estin,atl: is used in n,aking prelimint'lry studies of
• •
i)
opening of area 0.5 m2 to
•
b)
3 m2 one fa.ce only ' various aspects of the project. •
•
•
iii) Su the definition port 2 4 ii) An approximate estimate of a commercial pr?j�t ��es some tdea
.
•
about \Vhether the investment in such a project JS Justified or not.
•
•

--- • •
• • •
•
• •
 •
•

ostin g
18 I Complete Manual of Estimating and C - •
•
Types of Estimating� Chapter 3 I 19
•
I
. . id ea re ga rd in g th e ap p ro xi m at e co st • •
,o m a te· g t
v ·
e sfa ir l go od stores, bath and latrines etc. is called floor area or floor area is equal to the
ts es ti
y
T
tro
iii) a n d th u s it g iv e s ti m e to a rr a n g e t he
cti o n
of the proposed cons plintl1 area minus the area occupied by the \Valls \Vruch should include the
ir ed fi n a n c e b e fo re h a n d . . area of doors and other openings, intermediate pillars and supports.
I requ . ·
w or k s o f p u bl 1c u ·1·
ti 1t y ·
1s vc rv
. m a te , p a r t'ic u Iarly in ca s e o f ..
iv) Th is e s ti The floor of c�ch store}' and the diff crent t}·pes of floors shall be meastlrcd
fr a m in g ta x s c h ed u le s .
n1uch useful in a lu e o f p ro 1e c t fo r and taken separately.
' a ls o u se d fo r fi x in g th e v th e
This estin,ate is •
Circulation aTea
•

insurance requirements.
ta in ad m in is tr at iv e ap p ro val . · The floor area of verandahs, corrido�s, passages, entrance halls, staircase
.,,i) T o ob . . •
ed af te r kn o\ vi ng th e ra te s of st m 1la r ,v or ks a nd by roo1n and porches, balconies, shafts or lifts ' is kno,,'n as circulation area
Sucl, an estimate is fr am
because sucl, area is used for the movements of persons using the building .
e fo llo ,v in g m eth od s. · ·
the use of any one of th •
. · Carpet area · .
i) Unit rate estimate · , .
• ii) • Plinth area esti1nate •
The livable area of a b11ilding is called carpet area. It is the total floor area •

iii) Cubic rate 'estimate • • n1inus the circulation area and minus the other un-useable areas such as of
•
· bathrooms, ,vater closets, air conditioning rooms, etc. It should also exclude
3.1.1 Unit Rate Estimate . . the kitchen, pantry, stores and similar other rooms • \\'hich are not used for
In this method, all costs of a unit quantity such as per kn,, for a high,vay, per •
living purposes _in the residential buildings.
n,eter of span for a br. idge, per classroon, for school building, per bed for a
•
The carpet area of residential building may be 50% to 65% of lhc plinth area
l1ospita], per litre for ,,,ater tank, per seat for cinema and per bay for factories
and that of an office building 60% to 75% of the plinth area.
etc. are considered first and the_ estimate is prepared b)' ·multiplying
•
tl1c cost •

per corresponding unit by the number of unit in the structure. NDTE�t f

This type of estimate prepared per unit basis. If the approximate c·ost of a The area occupied by the walls may be taken 10% to_ 15% of tt1e plinth area for
•

urut is found, then total cost of the project can be calculated. ordinary buildings and 5% to 10% for framed multi-storied buildings .
•

Buifdlnt
• •• 10% to 20% cost is included in the complete estimate for external services
Per student for school, college • •
- such as approach road, external.. \Yater supply and se\\'erage, external
Per bed for hospital • ••
electric service line etc.
,. •
Per seat for cinema hall
• •
• • •

I•
•

Road work
•
• 3.1.2 Plinth Area Es1imate .
.. •
. 1n this method, the plinth area should be calculated b}' taking the external
Per kn1 •
• I
dimensions of the building at the plinth. Courtyard and other open area
Brldfe culvert
•

should not be in,cluded in ·the plinth area. It consists in ,vork ing out the
•

•
Per meter length plinth area of the building ,vhich is multiplied by plinth area �te to get an
I • •
•
Irrieatlon work estimate for the b·uilding: The plinth area rates arc generally provided can be
" Per kilon1eter of canal or per hector of deduced fron1 the cost of similar buildings constructed in the same locality,
con,mand·area ·
Water supply work
· •
•
, having more or less same finishing and san1e amenities. The l1eight of tl,e
. • building considered must be the same and n1ust have need constructed
P e r capita, per metre length of p •
ipe line . J during the same )'ear of construction or little earlier so that there should not
• Plinth area · · •
•
. •
. • be much ,,ariation in the cost of construction.
The built up covered area of a .
buildin .
easured at floor level of any store)' Tl1e plinth area is the built up area or exterr,al din1ensions of a building. In
. is called plinth area. It is calc �= other \\'Ords;
ulated the ro d fed area of a building by
. taking external dimensi·o . pet area + Circulation are a + Kitc hen/ toilet+ Wa lls
ns , exc I u dmg the plinth P lint h are a = Car
our tyar d, open area, balconies and c . · · 0 ff sf:,ts. The area of the
a for circulatioI_l
� anti . _ Plinth area= Ca rpe t are a+ 30% to 40% of tota l are
I
, inc luded in it lev er projection etc. should not be and l\'alls
•
•
Floor area . . done b multi l ing the plinth are a by the pl � th ar � a
•
Plinth area estimate is y py
TotaJ area of the fl oor · rate deduced-fToin similar type of bu il� in g. Th e plinth area es tim at e 15
• m bet,,,een \.Vall· 5 i..
• ''erandahs' com'd. ors, p e., area o f floor· of all r ooms , accon,panied by; .
assages, entrance h
_ alls , staircase . room, . kitchen, •
• •
 7
an d Costin g
Estimating
•

e f'v\anua I of Types of Est1mat1ng .c, Chapter 3 I

20 l complet • 21
•

Report Extra for foundation@ 20% of supcr-str11ct,1rc;

i) ng
pla n of the bui ldi
I il) Linc • i.e., 20% of Rs. 2977458 = Rs. 59549.60
n
iii) Brief specifica tio • •
•• Total building cost = Rs. 2977458 + Rs. 59549.60
iv) Plintl, area rate
•

• • = Rs. 3572949 .60

v) Extra for architcctt1ral treatn,cnt @ I% of total hl1ilcli11g cost;
EXlfflDII 3.1 ::
. ate_ f or a f -
a,... . e·d fo u r st ori e s of fi ce b u ildi ng •
i.e., 1 % of Rs. 3572949.60 = 0.0 l x Rs. 3572949.60 = Rs. 35729.50 •

Prepare a pre 1m1

1. · n ary esti m
ar_ea occu pied by
for eac h fl oor . Ass um e Extra for \vatcr supply and sani1'1ry@ 7% of total bt1ilding cost;
et a ea of 30 m vi)
having a carp r
0 q. ; . asc etc. as '}5°/0 of built up area a nd
l ava ton �es , s 3-1rc i.e., 7% of Rs. 3572949.60 = 0.07 x Rs. 3572949.50 = Rs. 250106.47
ido
corr r, ver a nda h ,
that occup1e Y w
· d b alls and co l um ns
.,,
as s's•
· 1'0 of the sa me . Giv e n:
vii) Extra for electrical installation@ 8% of total building cost;
f . gr d floo r (exc l uding fou ndation)
i) B uilt-u p area rate or oun ..
i.e., 8% of Rs. 3572949.60 = 0.08 x Rs. 3572949.60 = Rs. 285836
• 2.•
'. •
= Rs. 15 00 pe r m
r· s. viii) Extra for other sources@ 5% of total bu ilding c_ost;
1
t and seco nd floo r = R 165 0 p er m
ii) Built-up area rate . f or u s . 2
B uil t-u p ay a fo r th ird fl oo r = Rs. 18�0 p er m .. , . i.e., 5% of Rs. 3572949.60 = 0.05 x Rs. 3572949.60 = Rs. 178647.48
. iii) e
p ct ure c? sl
iv) Extra cost for fo u n d at io n = 2 ¾ o f su ersm
: . ••• · Overall cost= Total building cost+ (v) +(vi)+ (vii)+ (,·iii)
0 ld in g co st
v) ExtTa for spec1a . 1 ar ch ile d ur al trea tm en t= 11/ o of b ui ·
. • st = Rs. 4323269.05
= 7°/, of b ild in g co
Extra for water su pp ly an d sa ni ta ry u •
vi) ix) Add contingencies @4% of overall cost;
vii). Wor k ch ar ge d e sta bl isn m en t an d su p e rv isi on ch ar ges = 10 1
/•

viii) Extra for other sour ce s = 5 °

/a of builc;ling cost •
i.e., 4% of Rs. 4323269.05 = 0.04 x Rs. 4323269.05 = Rs. 172930.75
° of building cost
ix) Extra for electrical ins tal lat ion = 8 /, I x) Add \-\'Ork charged e-stablisl,ment and supervision charges@ 10% of
Assume, contingencies is 4°/o. .
• •
overall cost;
Solution:
• • •
i.e., 10% of Rs. 4323269.05 = 0.1 x Rs. 4323269.05
= Rs. 432326.90
Here, r
• ••• Grand total of estimated cost = Overall cost+ (i ) + (x)
Built up area i.e., plinth area= Carpet area+ Circulation area • •
•
\ •
· + Area occupied by walls and columns •
� = Rs.4928526 •
-
I

Carpet area = 300 rn 2

•

• a:rmrnrm.______________________
•
ln a block development meeting, you are re uir,ed to dra\Y up preliminary
Let, P n, be the plinth ar�a.
2 q
estimate of a school building for ·soo students in order to assess the
•

•
I
•
•• P = 300 + 25% of plinth area + 8.5% of plinth area amount of fund ,. The follo,Ying particulars are collected by you
• .
or, P = 300 + 0.25P + 0.085P i) Carpet area required per student = 1.2 m2
•
ii) Area of corridor, verandah, etc. be 20o/., and for \<Valls 15°/o o{ plinth
or, p = 451.13 m2 •

I
•
area of building
i) Ground floor 451.13 m2, cost@ Rs. 1500 per m2 = 451;13 x 1500 iii) Consider plinth area rate= Rs. 1100 per m2
I I
•
· =Rs.676965 iv) · Cost of san itation � 6u/u of building cost •
•
•
•
v) Cost of approach road and boundary ¥.'all = 3'1/u of building cost
ii) 1 st a,,d 2nd floor 2 x 451.13 n,2 cost@ Rs.1650 per m2 .= 2 x 451.13
.
vi) Contingencies and work charge establishment shall be 5'1/o and
. • X 1650 •
2.5"/o respectively ' •
•
• . = Rs. 1488729 Solution:
· Here,
. • •
Third floor 451.13 m2 cost@ Rs. 1800 per m 2.
•
I iii) = 451.13 x 1800 •

• Carpet area per student = 1.2 n, 2

=Rs.812034
:. Total cost for: super-structure
:. Carpet area for 500 students = 1.2 x 500 = 600 n12
= (i) +(ii)+ (iii) ... •
I
Let, P be the plinth area. •

'
, I
• = Rs. 29n4ss •

�. I
I f

• •

- .
 t , n 9 Types of Es 1ma ,ng � Chapter 3 f
d c os •
23
rna ti nS a n .
l o f E S t i in th ar ea
t e M-3 n ua S % o f pl --- --- --- -- -- -- ---·
I com pl e a + 1 ---- - --
ii .. ·p lin th arc A r ea of ,valls �
2 0 ,., o f a h, c tc . Prepare the preliminary estimate for the puilding project from the
e a r a n d +
+
t a r i d o r, ' • e C ar p et il rc a
p::: r r
+
o
0,

c,rpe o f c follo,ving data collected. Residen tial building of 4 stories having total
r ea -
P li nth a carpet area of 500 m 2 and the wall, is 8 °/n of plinth area and that for
••• ,\ re a
-

• 2P + 0.15P circulation area occupied by passJge ver�ndah, staircase, etc. is 10°/., of

,.c.,

-_. o v v + 0 g n
plinth area. The provisional for architectural desi n is 1o � of the civil
P r a te
••

2 a re a
•

, th
I

o li n
nf1

P
•

OS . x
L

y ry
I

923 h a r ea cost, provision for water suppl and sanita a_re 6 /o of civil cost for e�ch
or,
. g Pl i n t
1 n
°

b u 1J d ·and for electrification is 811/n of civil cost. The floor height of one flat of the
I
C o st of . X 1 1 00
•

p OS
•
==
== 923.
••

. building is 3 m and height of parpet wall on the top is 1 2 m, the rate of

==
8 8
•

1 0 1 5 3 10 15 3 8 8 .
i)
::: .Rs . st ::: 5 % o f R s .
•

b u il d l il g co per cubic content is Rs. 5000 per m • Assume suitable percentage

t,, @ 5 % o f 0 7 6 9 .4 0
p p - R s 5
3

o f ' ,·a te r s u ' - · · conting encies an� work charge establishment.

ii) C. os t · · _ 6 ok o f Rs. 1015 3 88 Solution:
n g c os t -
. on @6% of buildi Given that;
sa ni ta ti • == R s. � 0923 .28
•

iii) Cost of
•

b u il d in g c o s t i s ; Number ( )
- n =4
of st ories
n·d a ry @3 % o f
a n d b ou
•

a c h ro a d · Height of parpet ,vall (Hr) = 1.2 m

.
Cost of app ro
•

� Rs . 304 61 -6 4
5 3 88 ( )
•

3 °ID, O f Rs 101 R s. 1 1 5 7 5 4 -
? • 3 2 g
Hei ht of each flat H = 3 m
-
+ ( i ll) (iv) =
+ ( ii)
•

(1)
•

cos t=
+
:. . (h,erall rail cost ·- 5% of Rs. 1157542.32 Height of building (HT) = nH + ½Hr
• _

, of o vc
•

5 o
•

Contingencies
•

:= Rs. 57877.116
• ••

- @ /0

� 4 X 3 + 2x 1.2
,
t is ;
1
. · o f ove rall ·cos
•

�
es ta .b l.l51ui.. -e1, nt @ 25%
\\'ork c ha rge = 12.6 m
•

5 58
•

115 75 42.3 2 == Rs . 289 38 . .

25% of Rs. ( ,,) + ( vt )
g - Ove r all cos t+
.... Grand totaI cost of buildin
' •

NDJEt
• = Rs. 1244357 _9,9g If the height of parpet \Vall is not given then height of building= nH

· Volume of the building = Plinth area x Height of the building (H T)

•

· 3 1 3 c u b ic Rat e . t e n t o f th e
•••

b as is o f t h � c u b ic a l c o n
e
.. e _ Here,
at
h
•

t
tim
n
s
o
E
e estim ate is \,·o rk e d o u t
C.ub 1c rat a p p 1y · g t o · t t h e ra te p e r
a n d th en
-
b e c o n s tru c te d · Plinth area= Carpet area+ Circulation area+ \\'all area
pro Posed building to ced
•

e d e d u
t
rov1· de d c a n b
in

co n te n t ra t es g en er a llY · p
cubic meter. The cubic_ e lo c a lt
. t)' havmg
,
or, · P = 125 + 10% of plinth area+ 8% of plinth area
o f sim il ar b uild in g s co ns tru ct ed in th e sam
fro m the co s t t be of P = 15244 n,
5
•

an d sa m e am en iti es . T h e
more or less the same finis
••• • 2
m u
uc h
g
m
d in
Volun1e of the building= 152.44 x 126 = 1920.73 m3
bu il
be
h in g
the same height and constructed rece
•
•
no t
p . i)
••
ou ld
p
sh
Cost of building= Volun,e of building x Rate per cubic content
er e
e
th
th
ly so th at
d
nt
pl in th an
•

,·ariation in the c ost co of ns tru cti n. Th e fo un da tio n, a ra et

a.hove roof are excluded i n finding the cubical content. == 1920.73 X 5000
o

"·h ic h cu b ic al = Rs.9603657
in
•

This is als o a p rel im ina ry est im at e fo r a bu ild ing \\'O rks ,

-
ii) Cost of architectural design.= 10% of cost of building
•

contents of the buildin g is multiplied b)" the cube rate.

Cubical content= L x B x. H = 10% of Rs. 9603657
Cost of building = (L x B x H) x Cube rate = Rs. 960365.7
The cubic rate estimate is accon,panied b}'; iii) · Cost of \\·ater suppl)' � 6% of cost of building
•

..
•

i) a brief report
•

= 6% o f Rs. 9603657
•

ii ) line plan of the building

•
•

= Rs. 576219 .42

•

iii) · brief specification

iv) line plan of lhe building for ,vhich cubic content rate is considered •

•
..
• •
•
•
 , -, ..
:,. ...
•
•
• •
-----· ----· -·•-- �----�•a:;;a;-i
·
. . .
.,/. •..;.{· � '

.
':,I'.,'\
.....-. ; �.. ..'.�

t1n9 and
.,,

os tin9
. rna
..

c
.
, t• •• :t

£stl
•
... � ---... .... ..

,v.an�I of
t

Types of Es rma ,ng ....

� Chapter JI 25
omp lete
��

94 . I .c o f in g
% o f e o st b u iJd
ita t) r - 6 This estimate is accompanied by;
Cost of s an Rs. 960 3 657 •

of
•-�-

.: 6 % A detailed report
•> I

i)
- s. si6219.42
0

..,..,
....

R �. u ·t
1 di ng Detailed specifications for the execution of ,vork.
of c os t ot b ii)
. - 8 °' iii) · Detailed dra,vings (plans, site plan, elevations, sections, etc.)
•
•

ic
•t· a-ti - to
Cost of el
OO •

;
ectn
::: 8% of Rs . 9603 6 57
- iv) Calculation and designs of various f terns such as for beams, slabs,
•
·
I _ Rs 7 68 2 92 5 6 .
+
irrigation channels.
Schedule of rates follo\ved and premiun, if allo,ved.
) {v)
v)
•

.. · :.:. ' + ( ii) +( ii i)+ (tv

- - ( )
ost g 1
c of b UJ•Jcfin
.
l
Rs
:. ()ve ral 12 48 4 75 4.1 0 •
• •
:: factors to be Consider for PreparatJon of Detail Estimate
. ngencies•, we have, 1) Quantity of materials
• •

su n1e , 5 % co n b ing
,\s ove rall co st of b uild • For large works, large quantity of materials is req1:1ired; the same can be
_ . genaes . == 5% o f
C onb n 54 .10
2 484 7 purchased at a cheaper rate than the rate of smaller quantity of materials. So,
= 5% of Rs. J
. 2.37.705 rate should be framed out according to the volun1e of the work.
I
- - ::: Rs. 624
11)A•allablllty of materials
•

men t; ,ve hav e,

e es tablish
? % ork ch arg
Estimated cost of ,,,ork \Viii be higher if the n1aterials required are not
ff cost of b111"'Id'1ng
su m e, - w
Z%
As
vii)
ge es tabl
. 1ent _
1shn - of ov eral l
•
\i\fork· c bar available as and ,vhcn required; the ,vorkers and the superviso[)r staff ,vill
• •
= 2 % of R s. 12 48 4754.10
rcmai1\ idle due to tlus. It \viii also affect the progress of the ,vork. So, it
= Rs. 249695.08
•

should be assumed that the materials required for the execution of \\'Ork
e b u il d in g = O v era ll co st o f b u il d ing should be available at.the site of the ,vork as and \Vhcn required.
:. Grand total cost of tih
' • • + (vi) + (vii) • Ill) Transportation of materlnls
= Rs. 13358686.89 The cost of transportation of smaller quantity of materials ,viii be more in
••
•

• comparison ,vith the cost of transportation cf large quantity of materials

3. 1 4 Item Rate Esllmaf e . • .. at , the bought at a time.
: . . te and gcnerall}· tiscd cstin1atc. ln tl1is cslmm �
T

items Location of site

c:; �� m arc calcu lated in the first � d th e cost of th cso Iv)
:::�:::; If the site of ,vork is located at an odd plac� for ,vhich frequent loading,
• •

is abstracted in the second stage. • unloading is necessary several times, due to different modes of transport,
3.2 DETAILED ESTIMATE · damage or loss of materials should be considered carefully.
•
On the approva1 of the approximate estimate or after g� ttin� the · �, Aval(ablllty of Jabour
adntinistrative approval this estimate is prepared in detail. In thms estima�e Daily ,vages of ]ocal laborer should be considered before the preparation of
the quantities of various items under each subh�ad of \Vorks are calculat� an estimate. As far as possible, local available labour should be engaged.
•
:
detail from the dimensions taken from the dra,vmgs and the cost of each ite
,,
3.2.1 Revised Estimate
is ·\,"orkcd out according to the prc,,alent market rates or sanctioned schedule
Revised estin1ate is also a detailed estimate and is prepared \\1hcn the
of rates. If tlie ,,,ork proposed shall be constructed is located at a remote
original sanctioned detailed estimate exceeds by 5% or more, eit
. place, the pro\·ision for the carriage of the nlaterial shall also be added i n lhe · her due to
the rates being found.insufficient or due to some other reason
estinlate. A percentage 5% to 10% of the estin1ated cost for unforeseen ite _ n15 s. The revised
estin1ate should be. accompanied b)' all tl1e papers as in case of detailed
(corltingencies) such as change of. design, and for the provision of pe�·
I

estin,ate and also should include the con,parative statement showing tl1 e
establishnlent and a percentage of about 2% are provided for \vork cllargeil
variatio1n in each iten,s of ,vorks, its quanti_ty, rate and cost original and
establishment, so as to a\'Oid any excess o,·e
r the administrativel)' appro.,·ed revised, excess or saving and giving the reasons of excess or saving in case •
· estinlatc later on. The. rates include the c
ost of labour, o,aterials and
•
of each item.
equipments l\'ater charges, 0\1erhead ch
arges, tax, profits, etc. Revised estimate is prepared:
•

�llis est-in1ate includes ,,,ater stt pl}· and al ,,,orks, i)

� sanita11, fittings, electric When a sanctioned estin1ate is likely to exceed b}' more than 5%
site de,·elopment, l1ot1ndaf)
' ' ,,,alls and appro ach road. eitl1er from the rates being found insufficient.
• •
•
I
•
•
•
I
• a
••• • •
• • •

st,nS
•

o
•

d c
••

. ..
•• •

.
• •
"'• :
' • .. 4

rnat, nS an Ty es of Est1mat1n9 � Chapter 3 I

••
,Manua I of Esti • •
27
I comple ·
e b
•
e
26
t
eds or lik e l y to xceed y m
0 r
" ,o r k e x ce is e '
report explaining the necessity of the additional work.
n d i tu r e f al . i)
e e xp
� e O
ap p r ov . .
\\'hen th v e
•

. s t r at i ii) existing dra\vings.

•

f tlt e a d nti . ni . s fro m th e o ri g in a l b u t n o t d u e t

o n
•
· o
1·1·)
t.han t O% e v ra u O
•
..:
te rial d iii) drawing for the additional or changed work.
\ V h e n the re n s tnt ct ure ture . .
iii)
ta ter ial d e \'J?�
ati o il 1a of . a . ne t ·
na
one d e st
.
1n1 ate n, or e t ha n th e a ct u I
iv) calculation sheets as per design or otherwise.
n cn it .JS faund that tile sa 1 · � v) rates followcd for preparing the abstract of cost.
•

. n' \V h
•
) ·.
requirement.
•
. ,
•

3.2.5 Complete Estimate •

i m at e
•

p le m e nta ry E5f _ k a fr es h de ta i led Complete estimate should include following items:

3.2.2 s u p w or es ti
d d·t· io ns a re d on e th e or ig in al
i
rn a�
l
lt
i) The cost of land.
so me r e st m a te c a l
lJl
\\'hen a I
t t h e or ig in al w o k. T h i s is ed ii) The cost of preliminary works such as feasibilit} study, investi gation
� p
is. prepared to s p Son' this estimate is prepared during construction
leme
1

ntary esti m ate . . . l , and surveying.

suppJem e arr i o u t at si te . I a ls o ac com p an 1e d b y a l
k t be c ed ti s . iii) The cost for preparing preliminat'}' design, dra,ving and estimate.
I

due to additional
• • •
,vo r O
. d in the detailed estimate.
.,
iv) The cost for preparing detailed design, drawing, estimate,
•

papers as require a t e specification and contract documents.

R evi s e d a n d S u p p le m e n t a ry E s t im
e e n
v)
tw
The cost of building including electrical installation, \vater supply
Differe nce b e
m a t e mentary estimate .
Revised esti
Supple and sanitation works. ·
• •

a c on ed am o un t is ex ce ed W h en t he re a de vi at io n o f w o rk The cost of design and supervision charges.

i) \i\fhen s n ti
is vi)
e i n ra te s or ad di ti on V\' hi ch . is st ru ct ur al in na t ur e from vii) The cost of providing tem porary accommodation for constructional
due to chang
•

i n or i g in al ly a
•

of ,,,a rk f r om fir st sa nc tio ne d, d es g pp ro v e staff

es tim ate is re quired. The cost of external services.
•

revised est im ate is req uir ed . So , it su pP. lem en tary I viii)

is due to the material de,,iation ix) The cost of water supply and o her ser:vices needed during 'the
t
'
construction.
•

from original proposal •

The cost of maintenance and other repairs during the progress of
ii) ,Comparative statement, abstract No comparative abstract fo.rm is
•
x)
,
works.
fr--Jm sho,,,ing the probable required. This is the estimate for •

. \'ariation for quantity, rate and additional works only.

•

· 3.3 SPllT UP OF COST OF BUILDING WORKS

amount against each item of work •
i) Cost of labour
'
•

is required. . 35% - 40%

ii)
•

Cost of material 60%-65%

•
•
iii) Revised estimate is required due to Supplementary estimate is •

chang� of rate or qu,antity of required due to some new ,vorks iii) �ost of foun dation and plinth 18%-20%
Cost of superstructure 80% --90%
•

ma��- So, �o a ditional or or due to change of design so

•

iv)
�
rev15ions of drawmgs ts necessary. additions or. revisions of the v) Cost of second storey 80% -90%
chawings may be necessary. vi) Earth work in excavation and filling 0.5%-1%
. •

vii) Concrete in foundation 5%-6%

3.2.3 Annual Repa·ir �n d Annual
Mai• ntenance Es
• tim ate . · .. . viii) Damp proof course 1% -1.5%. •
I
In. order to keep
the buildmg, . . '
• road, canal and bndges etc. in proper condition Brick ,vork
•

.
· an�uaJ repairs are carri . , ix) 30%-35%
• •

ed out annua 11Y for \\'htc . . . . or x)

•

buildm· gs, 1·t me . . h au e stimate is p rep ar ed. F Roofing 20% -25%

· 1udes pa.inti n 0 ks - 1't
includes patch work re . g ': r and n1inor repairs. For road ,vorks, xi) Flooring 5%-6%
�;ir
of bnd&es and culverts etc. The estimated amount
•

should not be nto re xii) Doors and ,,,indo,vs 16% - 20% •

.5% of the capital cost of the work xiii) Plastering and pointing 10%-12%
.
•

�
-4 Extension and
Improvement of Estimate xiv) Painting work · · 2%-3%
en son1e changes and . .
•

extensions .are requ ired to b n,ad in t 0Id . xv) \\Tater supply and sanitation 8% -10%
work, the cost of whi c h e e he
•

.i 1 te a xvi) Electrical installation .

•

.
detailed estimate of
cannot meet out 0 f
annual maintenance est n a 'd 8% -10% •
.
the add'1tional wo · ail
· rk _1s· prepared, called extension x,1ii) Miscellaneous 6%
improvement estim
ate . This estimate is
. .
accompanied by;
•

,,.
I •

••
• • • • •
 . . .. . .. .
•

• Types of Estimating 9G' Ch apter 3 I 29

rn p \ ctc ?
n�s \ co m at\ o n \ s u s ed
SOlVED PROBLEMS
t\ 3A
•

g
of es
tVP i s
fo u o w \ n
d wh e r e . . . .
wncn a n m a t t ct 1 s p r el1m1nary st
r o i \ m a t t e s t \
d w h e n th e pr o je
.
1n
a ge 1. Prepare a preliminary estimate of a two storied voc•s office
AP P . p r e p a r e t s p re are d. \-Vhere administrative approval of district development
\) . ate est1mat e · i s f t h e p ro 1· c c t . l i p l h building to get
o� , m p r o v a \ o . e
r\ p p r . a ti v e a p or e th e d eta1 ·1e d . es ·
t1mation. committee having carpet area of 500 m • 30 /o of built up area is
tt
n
. s be f
2
\h e a d m , ro e c e s s a ry
to get n
•
e {\ ui r e d is occupied by circulation element and 10"/o of built up area is occupied
a o f { u n d T
rough.' d e 2• Cost of
a t \ o n by walls. Plinth. area Tille-£ or civil work is Rs. 10000 per m
\\ t d e s t t m . ts th e d etai led p a rt iculars f o r t
D c t a h water supply, sanitary and electrification is 15 /o of civil cost.
Ill · a n d
°
. n aceutale esti"'at e �
is
rojecl lt is preparee
ons
s in v o \v ed in a p
\t tS a ts o f a\\ 1 te m . d
. Cost of other services is 10 °
/n of civil cost.
s .
•
. 1 a tes a n d c o nc ti o n is re qu ue d .
quanuties , . t e e}mi · ca l s a Detrimental charge is 8 /o of total cost. [2065 Shrawan l
or
°
{ t
•
o n o a c o n tr ac
,,·hen exec un Solution:
I

t d u t\ m a tt Here,
till 1te1\s
req uir ed : ·. lik ely to ex c ee d by m or e th an 5 /4 eit Carpet area = 500 m
is
°
ate h e
2
\t is ti m r
n a sa n cti o n � 'es
a) w he u fficie nt or from any ca use w hatsoever . Let, P be the plinth area of the building.
be in g f ou n d ms •
from th e rat es
tu ra 1 al te rn a ti n s . . so, P = Carpet area + Circulation area + Area of \Valls
p c o
except·,m or t an t st ru.
exc eed s or lik ely to exc e e d ·
en d'itu re o f wo rk b y m ore or, P 500 + 30% of P + 10% of P
b) ,,,h en th e ex p =
m in is tr ati v e ap pr ov al . . ·
• tba n 10 0k o f ad . . •
•
• P = 833.33 m 2

d ev ·
i a tions from the ong1 n al prop osal but no t due to • •
c) ,,•hen ma te r1· a1 Co�t of civil work having 833�33 m2 plinth area@ Rs.10000 per m1 is given by;
•

de vi ati on if a str uc tu ra l na tu re.

material . = Rs. 8333333.33
e es tim at e m 1s or e th a n
•
d) wh en it is fo un d th at th e sa nc tio n d th e actual
Cost of \\'ater supply, sanitary and electrification@15°k of civil cost is given by;
requuement • 15
i

1,\ su pp \t m en ta ry es t\m at t = 00 X 833 333 3.33 = Rs.125000 0

· .. 1
\\Thi\e a ,,,ork 15 in progress some change or .additional works due to
material deviation of a structural nature from the design originally . Cost of other service @ 10% of civil cost = � x 8333333.33
approved may be required. 'then t\,e supplem�nta111 estimate is required. O •

�) Annual -ctpa\r and malntenanct tstlmate = Rs. 833333 .33

A{ter completion of project, it is necessary to maintain the structure or ,vork • Total cost= Rs. 10416666.66
in same condition. Hence when renewal, replacement, repairs etc required
•
Detrimental charge = S% of 10416666.66 = Rs. S33333.33
for an item, annual repait a maintenance estimate is prepared. Grnd a
total= Rs.11249999.9 = Rs1. 1250000.00
�ll 'fxttns\on and lmptovtmtnt estimate •
•
It is pr ep ar ed when it is necessary to extent or improves any item or part of
2. Pr ep ar � a pr eliminary estimate of a 4 storied office building havi
\ ng
to ta l carpet area of 2000 m1 for obtaining the
project • • · administrative
1 •

approval of the ministry. Given the following

•
�ll) Complete estimate data:
30 /o built up area will be taken up by conidor
°
•
lt is prepared ,vhen cost of a\l item s, verandJ.h, toilets,
s o{ work "'hich are· related in addition to staircase etc and 10°/o of built up area will b e
the main contract or to the detaile occupied by ,valls .
d estimate is required. Plinth area rate is Rs. 15000 per m?
•
Extra for special architecture tl'eatment 1.5°/o
of the builc!ing cost
I

"
Extra for· electrical installation 8°/u of the b
•

_ uilding cost
•

Extra for other services 5°/u of the buildin

g cost
Contingencies, 5 °/o of the building cost (T
otal)
•
•

Supervision charge 5°/, of the building co

st (Total) (2066 Bhadra]
•

•
Solution:
1-lere,
•

•
Carpet area = 2000 ml
• • •
•
• •
• •
•
•
•
'
 ·-
cost in g l
.
st1 ma •.;, a
t"nt1 nd Types of Estimating -<J.. Ch apter 3 I 31
1 E • •

ple te "� nu a of
•
30 Ic om
• e b u jl c un g . 1
nt l1 a re a £ th ea o f ,va 11 s Cost of interior design@ 1 % of building cost = 15000000 x 100
•
r th e p ,J i O
O ll a r ea .+ A r
b
..
Le t be
re:t + c i rc U J'1 .
a rp et a
. ::s c
P . 0( p + 10�, 0f p
• •
l so, = Rs.150000
p 2 000 + 30 %
or, s
5000 11 8
3
2
pli nth are a , m 2- -
� - 5� Cost of electrical installation@ 8% of building 15000000 x 100
cost =
... p == 3333-� �ng ha \rm . g 33 3 ..33 n,2 @ �
_
Cost ofbwfdi 3 of bu ild1n g co st •� give n by ;
•

re a tn.1e n l. 5% = Rs. 1200000

·a1 archite c tu re t t@
Cost of s pca 5
1.5 500{KXXXJ � Rs. 750()00 Cost for other service@5% of building cost = 15�000 x 100
_ 00 X •
- 1 8
00() = Rs. 750000
• . a1 ".... ll tio n @ 8% of bu il di ng co s t =
10 0 x 50 �
;,...c ta a
Cost for cJeetnc • Total cost= Rs. 17100000 •
= Rs. 4000000 5
5 Contingency = 5% of the total= 100 x 17100000 = Rs. 855000
e ..ri c es @5% of b uilding cost = x 50000000
, th , ... 100 - .. 3
-

Cost,oro ers
Supervision charge = 3% of the total= 100 x 17100000 = Rs. 513000
. = Rs. 2500000
Grand total = Rs. 18468000
•

Total cost-::= Rs. ,5725(XXX} • '

•

• •

cy of tota l = � x 5725000 = Rs. 2862500 •

4. Prepare a preliminary estimate of a 40 storied building having
=
•

Contingen 5% 1 • •
• •
carpet area of 400 m2• 35°/11 of built up area is taken up by corridor,
5 verandah, toilet, staircase etc. 10 °/o of built up area is taken by
Supervision charge= 5% 0£ total� 100 X 5725000 = Rs. 2862500 walls. Assume plinth area rate 0£ Rs. 10000 per m? excluding water
· Grand total= Rs. 62975000 · supply, sanitary, electrical installation, contingency and other
· ·
•
• •
• services. Assume suitable data. [2067
3. Pr�pare preli�nary estimate of two storied health post building to Solution:
get administrative approval of ministry. Data are given as below. Here, •

Carpet area = 400 m2.

•

30'/, built µp area is occupied by circulation space

· 10'/4 built up area is oc'cupied by walls
•

Let, P be the plinth area of the building.

• I
.
,i

plinth area. rafe is Rs. 18000.00 per m2 so, P = Carpet area + circulation area + Area of walls
Extr.i cost for interior design 1 °/o of bupd.ing cost or, P = 400 + 35% of P + 10% of P
J¥ra cost for electrical installation s•/4 of building cost .". p = 400 + 0.35 p + 0.1 p = 7ZJ.27 ml
• Extra cost for other service 5•1, of the building cost. �
•

•
Contingency= 5% ·.
• Cost of building having 72727 m2 plinth area@ 10000 per m2 is given by;
Supervision charge = lo/• •
(2067 AshadhJ
•
= Rs. 727.27 X 10000 •
• Solution; •
• • = Rs. 7272700
•
Assume, . . .
•
Carpet area= 500 m2 (nof given,
so ass�me) • 5. What are the types of estimate_s? Explain with conditions ,vhen
•
Let, P be the plinth area of building.· •
• they are used. (2068 Chaitta]
. ·. . p = Carpet area+ CircuJa • • • Ans: ·Seethe definition part 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 - .
tion·area + Area of walls •
or, p = 500 + 30% of p + 1
•
Q% of p I
6.
What is a detailed estimate? lVhen and where the following
:. P = 500 + 0,3 P + 0.1P •
estimates are prepared?
or,
•
P = 833.33 m2 i)
•

-
Revised estimate ·
Cost of building having ii) Cube rate estimate [2069 Ch.iilra)
833·33 m2 P1m· th area@18000/m2 is given by
· =Rs· 14 99<J940 = Rs. ; Ans: See the definit�n pert 3.2 and 3.3 •
l 5cnJOO() ... • •
•
•
•
• •

• - '
•

• •
•
 .....__,_
.
...
dfo . .....
= ,.-. •

t and Costi ng
lctc t.�nual of Estuna I
I,·� . •
32 I Con1p nt1
•
Types of Est1mat1ng �Chapter J 33
u:natc? Wh e n do y o u
and by ap proXl·mat� est 19. Why revised estimate should 'be prepar
\Vhat do you underst y7 Exp 1
• (2070 Ch ai tra]
Ans: Su the def in1tion port 3.2.l
ed? (2074 Chai tra}
ate ? And ,vh aIJ\ .
need revised estim
d�f i nitte n por t 3.1 and 3.2.1
Ans: Su t� 20.
• wh i ch conditions List out the types of estimate.
yp es O f esti m
' te an d in [P.U. 2017)
diff ere n t t a Ans: Su the d�f inition part 3
8. \\lhat are th e [2071 Shrawan]
the)' are us ed?
• •

1� ·de fini ti on por 1 3.1 o nd'3 .2 21. � building of pli�th area equal t o 150 m? was constructed on a pl
Ans: Su ot
•
ut Banes�wor at cost of Rs. 13,50,000.
p p 0£ a preliminary � Determine the cost of
wit h exa m ple p oce ss of r
� arati on
constructi�n by plinth a.rea basi s of sirnjl.u
9. Explain � • [2071 Chait ra] _ type of building at the
estimate of an office building . same locality with th e following features.
[P.U. 201i]
Ans: Su the �f inition part 3.1
Carpet area = 120 ml
, Assume 30"/0 of plinth area is taken by verandah
lete estima te? Wh en and wh
•
stai rcase etc. and
What are the components of com p a � re °
10 /o o f the plinth_ area is take n by ,valls. Ass�
10. . d es tim ate use d? [20 72 Karlik}
• e cost �f \Valer
are approxunate _...; at•
c,,uu . ._
.., an d r evise supply, electrific ation and other charges are in
cluded. Assume
Ans: Su the ckfinition port 3.2. 5 and 3.3 • • contingencies to be 5°/o.
Solution:
s typ s of es tim ate? W he n and where do y o u
11. \�at are the vari ou e Here,
es t· t ,
e. E xp la in . [2072 Cha itra]
reqw· re a revi· se d 1m a Carpet area= 120 m2
Aus: Su th£ definition part 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 Let, P be the plinth area of the building.
• •
12. What are th e dif fer en t methods of preparin g approxim a te estimat e? so, P = Carpet + Circulation area + Area of ,valls
•
Write the suitabilityof each method. _ (2073 Shrawan] or, P = 120 + 30% of P + 10% of P
Ans: Su the definition port 3J o r, P = 120 + 0.3P + 0.1P ,.

13. Why is re.vised estim ate required? Explain its reasons.[2073 Chaitral
or, 'p =200 m 2

Ans: Su 1ht dtfinition port 3.2.1 • Plinth area rate of similar q·pe of building ::: 1350000
•
150
14. What are the types of e.stimates that are to be prepared for = Rs. 9000 per m2
administrative sanction? [2073 Chaitra] ••• Cost of the building having plinth area 200 m2 = 200 x 9000
Ans: Su t� �finition part 3. 1 and 3.2
• • •
•
. = Rs. 1800000
• •
Thus,
15. Explain about detailed estimate and differentiate between revised
a nd
supplementary estimate. [P.U. 2014} Total cost of .building= Rs. 1800000 •
•
Ans: Su the definition part 3.2 and 3.2.2 Contingencies= 5% of Total cost= 5% of Rs. 1800000 = Rs. 9CX)()()
= Rs. 1800000 + Rs. 90000 = Rs. 1890000
•
•
Grand total
16. List out the various type of estimation? Explain detailed estimate. •
••• Cost of construction of building= Rs. 1S90000
(P.U. 2015) •

Ans� Su 1� �f ini1ion pcr1 3.1 and 3.2 •

•
•
• •
22. Prepare- an approximate
. "' e stimate of 3 storied R..C.C. {ramed
17. When and where the annual repair and maintenance estimate and structure haviing 250 m2 carpet area of each floor. 45°/o of built up
•
revised estimate are used. [P.U. 2016) area is covered by verandah, corridor, etc. and 6°/o of built up area is
Ans: Su the definition par1 3.2.4 and 3.2.1 · cove red by wall. The plinth" area rate of b�ding is Rs. 3200 per m1
• excluding building se.rvices. Assume necessary dat� if required.
18. · Under what circumstances the (ollo [P.U. 2018,)
wing types of eslim�tes
prepared? Solution:
(2074 Ashwin}
Ans: Su the definition part 3.3 •
1-Iere,
•
•
 '.
nd costing
•. .

ti rna tJ. n9. a •

l)t} 1 of
£s •

_ Car pet area+ C 1. rculation c\Iea + 35

C tJ,,lfl
a-
•
�t
re .
I
a A
• omP.
h
Types of Est1mat1n9 ..c, Ch apter .J
·
irt t t
/C
pJ o ccu pi ed b)' \'\ alls ·an ea
u p
, d cofull\ii
'"
. e.
Cost of building = Volume of building x Rate per cubic content
a ,
. i)
lt are
I Bui
· = 61,25 n1 3 x Rs. 3450 per n,3
•
•

Rs. 28031250
•

N o'" ' 0 n1 2 =
Cost of ,\,ater suppl}', sanitill'}' and electrical installation is;
. a :: 25
earpet a r.e . h a.
•
. th e it
p fu � % o f bu alt up area
z + 6
ii)
a
. .
t, p rn u ilt u p a re 6% of costof building = 6% of Rs. 28031250
. Le b
b e
+ of
p · Rs. 1681875
•
%
%
4 5
5 % of + 6 =
250
::: of
p Cost of arcl1itectural appearance 5% of cost of building
:. p
or, p::250+4 0. iii) =
- +0 .45 P +
5% of Rs. 28031250
06P
.'
or, P-
250 =
p ::: 510.20 m . . '
I

ot, cost of sa ru ta f}' i s 6% a nd contingen. = Rs. 1401562.5

2

f r1f 1c a t.i on is ,
ec
B%
•

st of eJ iv) �ost of unforeseen item = 2% of cost of building

Assume,.co.
•
CJ{'j

= 2% of Rs. 28031250
I

rea rat e
•

nth a
I
, .
. _ - Pli n th a re a x PJi
. d1 ng
is4%i
. C ost of b u1J =Rs:560625
1)
: 510.20 X 3200 . Total cost= (i) + (ii) + (iii) + (iv) Rs. 31675312.5
=
• == Rs. 1632653.061 Contingencies on P.S. = 4% of total cost
tio = 8% of b uil ding co st
trifica n
I ii) Co S l of e lec
= 8% of Rs. 1632653.061
= 2% of Rs. 31675312.5
Rs. 1267012.5
I =
•

= Rs. 13061224 Grand total=•(i) + (ii) +(iii)+ (iv) + (v) Rs. 3294325 =
Cost of sanita tio n ==
• •
cost
iii)
5% bu ild ing
Rs. 1632653.061
o(
= 5% of 24. When and where the following estimates used: [2076 Ash,vin]
i) Detailed estimate
• •
= Rs, 8163265'•
of bu ild in g= (i)+ (i i)+ Rs. 18448 97. 954 ii) Revised estimate
Overall cost
I

ii) =
iii) Supplementary estimate
' (i
= of ovear ll cost
••
iv) Contigen cies
•

Ans: Su the definition port 3.3:

•
4%
= 4% of Rs: 1844897.954. •

= Rs. 73795.91 25 ,Prepare a preliminary estimate of a fine storied office building

• •

•
Grand total cost of building = Rs. 1844897.954 + Rs. 73795.91 having total carpet area of 2500 m2 !or obtaining the administrative
approval of the government, given the following data;(2076 Ash win)
•••
= Rs. 1918693.872
i) 30°/a of the built-up area will be taken up by corridors,
•

I
verandah, staircase, lift etc. and 10o/o of the built up area will
•

The plinth a.ru of an apartment is 500 sq. DL Detern:tine the toul

•
be occupied by the wall.
23.
cost of building from the following data: . (2075 Cha.itnJ
•

ii) Providing plinth area rat� Rs. 25000 per m2

i) Raf,e of construction = Rs. 3450 per m3
iii) Provide 20o/u extra cost for water supply and sanitary fittings,
ii) The height of the apartment = 16.25 m electrical works, contingencies a1'd other services.
iii) Water supplf., s�tary and electrical installations each al 6'/4
•

Solution;
• •

of building cost Here,

•

iv) Arcllitectural appearance@ 1•1o of building cost

v) Unforeseen item @ '/, of building cost · Carpet area = 2500 m2
•

vi) D.S. md contingencies @ 4o/• of build in g cost Let, P be the plinth area of the building.
•

Solution:
I

so, P = Carpe,t area + Circulation area + Area of the ,valls

I

Here, or, P = 2500 + 30% of P + 10% of P

• •

Volume of building = Plinth

area of building x Height of building or, P' = 2500 + 0.3 P +0.1 P
•
•
•

. = 500 m2 x 16.25 m or, P 4166.67 m2 =

•
• •
-
•
t

= 5125 m3 ••• C'ost of the building = Plinth area x Plinth area rate
•I
•
•
•
•

i • • •
•
•

•. . - .. ..
 I,.
•
,

Manual o f Es tim at in g and C o st ing

_______________ ________ ___

36 f Corni p le te •

2 ... Analysts of Rates ..,,. C ha pt er 4 I 37

= 4166.67 m 2 x Rs. 25000 per m
, ____;. __.:.

•
•
:: Rs. 104166666.7 •

Exlr:a cost= 20% of the building co�t

•

== 20% of Rs. 104166666.7 • •

= Rs. 20833333.33
= Rs. 104166666.7 + Rs . 20833333.33 •
TotaJ cost of building
Chapter
••• •

•
= Rs. 125000000

.. •

•
•

• •
• •
•

•
•
•
4.1 INTRODUCTION
I
• • The basis of arriving at a correct and reasonable rate per unit ,vork or
• • •
supply, for a particular iten, follo}ving its specification and detailed survey
• •
• of materials, Jabour, equipments etc. as required for the unit ,vork and their
• prevailing rates may be called as an analysis of rate. �

•• Rate analysis or analysis of rate also define as the method of detemtining

I • • i
• the rate of an item considerng the cost of quantities of n1aterials, cost of
labourers, hire of tools and plants, supervision charges or ove·rhead charges,
I
\
• • contractor's profit, etc.
• •
The following five sub-heads are estimated and a summation of these is the
•
• •
rate _per unit of an item. •

• •
•
i) Quantity of materials and_ cost
•
ii) Labour costs
I
iii). Costs of equipn1ents or tools and plant
•
iv) Overhead or establishment charges •
I

•
• •
•
•
v) Profit
•
• Rate of n,aterial usually takes as the rate delivered at the site of ,,,ork and
• includes the first cost (cost of origin), cost of transport, taxes, etc. If the
•
n1aterial are to be carried from a distant· place, more than 8 km, the cost of
• transportation also added. The rate of n,atcrials and labours \',at")' fro111 pince
•
to place and therefore tl,e rate of differe11t iten\ of ,,,ark also ,•aries fron,
•

• •
•
I • place to place.

•
• • 4.2 PURPOSE Of RATE ANALYSIS ,
• •
• The n,ain purposes of rate analysis are follo\ving:
i) To deterntine the current rate per unit of an item at the localit)·.
• • • •
ii) To exan,ine the viabilit)' of rates offered by contractors
iii) To calculate the quantit}' of ntaterials and labour strength required
• •
•
for project planning and

•
 ng;,_..______ _ •
�ua�l:3.o �f E m
st�i ��
at:,:
in 9.:::.:.:.::....:..os_ti
:. an d C _; _____
�
�-J!B _Jr�c�o�m �p�f e �t e:!_/v\d�
, n ::
Analysis of Rates -<n Ch apter 4 I 39
• i

contract ra te s.
iv) To fix up labour
3. In plastering works
Of RA R ANAl YSIS
43 IMPORTANCE follows: . First, increase 25% for filling in 'between joints and irregular surface. In case or
analy sis are as ceiJing of concrete surface (plain surface) only 10% to 15% increase of wet mix to
ri,e in1portances ofrate
ys is g iv es c)e ar p
.
i c tu re o f th e v a r
.i
o u s ty es
•

get total wet mix.

TI1e process o f doi ng· an al
· . . p ·
i) r c o n1p le t1 n g t h e pa rtic u l ar ,,· Then, to get dry mix (cement + sand} increase 30% to 35% of wet mix.
d m ate ria ls req u ire d fo ark .
of labours an s be w ee
•
freq u en tly to 1 se ttle th � d is �� te � n co ntractor 4. In case of stone work_s
ii) It can be used s ti m a te .
m no t in clu d e d 1n o r 1g 1n a l e Jncrease 15% to 20% of total work due to wastage and dressing to get the
and client about the ite required stone.
y in su ra n ce .
I . It can be used for th e m p en sa ti o n �
•

iii) c o Volume of dry mortar mix - 30% to 40% of stone masonry

· ·
•
-
4A REQUIREMENTS O F R A TE ANAlYSIS 5. In R.C.C. works
ts fo r d� in g th e rate an alys i s a nd To get reinforcement:" 1% of volume of R.C.C.
•
The follo,ving are the m ai n req uire m en
Binding wire : 1 kg per quintal
arriving at the correct rates of the items:
•
m at er ia ls . .
•

i) Correct informat io n of th e m ar ke t ra te s of
of th e ra tes of va rio us ca teg ori es of lab ou re rs. Example 4.1 •

ii) Correct inf or 1na tic;>n

tas k or ou t tu m pe r da y for va rio us t}1 pes .of Calculate quantities of mat·erials required for following items of ,vorks:
I •
iii) Output of lapourers i.e. ,·
48.50 m3 of brickwork in {1 : 3) cement mortar
• labourers
Solution:
Kno,vledge, rate-of out. turn of various types plants to be used in the
Here, size of brick and tluckness of mortar joint is not given.
construction work.
Thus, assume,
Up to date kno,vledge of construction work.
Size of brick = 230 x 110 x 55 mm
•

4.5 FACTORS AffECTING THE RA TE ANAlYSIS and, Thickness of mortar joint= 10 mm (3-12 mm) •

•
4 The foJlo�ring factors mainly affect the rate of an item:
• • • Now, -
i) Quality of materials. . _ · Size of brick with mortar = (230 + 10) x (110 + 10) x (55 + 10)
ii) . Proportion of mortars. · · ·
• = 240 x 120 x 65 mn1
Construction facilities available with regar�s to to�ls and pJiµltS to
•
iii)
•

I Volume of bricks ,vork

•
• -

the site of ,vork. • •• Num ber o f br1c .

. ks_- 51ze . . . thickness of mortar joint
'
.,
• • of bnck me 1 ud1ng
iv) Location of the site of the work. �
- 48.50 ml .
v) Facilities available for transportation of Iabo, urers and materials to
(0.240 X 0.120 X 0.065) ml
I I

· -
the \Vork site. . • •
= 25909nos. •
I vi) Transportation charges, co�dition of road or passage to sit,e of work. •
I
· • Add 5% ,vastage; then; I
h
vii) Overhead carges (2 - 5%) . • •
•

Number of bricks = 25909 + 5% of 25909

•

viii) Miscellaneous expenditure of profit desired. .

•
•
•

•
•
ix) Experience of workers and amenities provided to theUL •
= 27205 nos.
x) Prop'er management and guidance. .. . VoJun,e of n1ortar = Total volu1ne - Volume of bricks before 5% \\'astage
. = 48.50 - 25909 (0.23 X 0.11 X 0.053)
•
• •

4.6 METHOD OF PIIEPABING RATE ANALYSIS • •

= 12.45 m3
4.6.1 Material Estimate • A-dd,
•

N011 •
• •
• 30% to get dry or unmixed volume of mortar = 12.45 + 30% of 1245
1. In concrete mix • = 16.19
•
ml
•
To get dry mix (cement+ sand+ aggregates) increase 50% to 55% of we mix. • Total part of mix proportion = 1 + 3 = 4 parts •

•
2. In mortar mix 16.19
. Cement = 4 x 1 = 4.05 m3
I
•

To get dry mix (cement+ sand) increase 30% to 35% of wet mix.
•

•
,
•
 • •
•

I � � � � � � � � � -= � ti� �
mati n�
g n d C::.
a:,:_::...: ost_n
.:.: , g -
.:::-· - --------- Analysrs of Rates -ovChapte:r 4 I
� !
�4�0-�C o m p le e Ma n ua
t l o f Es I
I
41

\�e know that; •

•
lJTTii1ffl\·!I-----------------
•
----- •
1 n,3 cem<?nt = 28.8 bags Calculate quantities of materials required for following items of works:
4.05 x 28.8 b a g s = 116.57 b a g s
and, 1 bag ceJnent = 50 kg = 50 m2 half brick w.111 in (1: 3) cement mortar
16.19 •
Solution:
Sand = x 3 = 1 2·14 m3 Assume, •
•
4
•
tio (W/C) = o.5 (by weigl,t) Size of brick ='230 x 110 x 55 mn1
\-Vatcr cement ra
• = 0.5 x 11 6. 57 bags x SO kg/bag · Tltlckness of mortar joint= 10 mm (3 - 12n1111)
•
No,v,
= 2914.25 lil
•
2..10
Hence, •
•
Th_ickness of half brick v.rall = = 115 mn,
J Materials Quantity
2
Volume of brick ,vork = Area x Thickn,ess
Number of bricks 27205 nos. • 115
= 50 X l()()() = 5.75 m3
Cement 116.57 bags •

Sand 12.14 n1 3 I
•
Size of brick with mortar = 240 mm x 120 mm x 65 n1m
Water 2914.25 lit. • Volun,e of brick ,,·ork
•
.
•
•• Number of bricks size of brick ,,,itl1 mortar joint thickness
=
•
•
--------
mmmtl\D___·__________________
5.75
I
•

•
0.240 X 0.120 X 0.065
Calculate qaantilit!S 0£ �a.terials required for following items of ,vorks: •
= 3072 nos.
• I 15 cm thick foundation P.CC. (1 : J : 6) 0.95 m wide and 42 JJ! long Add, 5 % ,vastage; then,
Solution; Number of bricks = 3072 + 5% of 3072
I •
t • Here, = 3226 nos. •
'
Total volume = ·L x Bx H = 0.15 x 0.95 x 42 c 5.99 m 3 \!olume of mortar = Total ,,oJume of brick,vork - \folume of bricks
I
•

Increase 50 - 55% for dry volume; ,ve have, = 5.75 - 3072 x·0.230 X 0.110 X 0.055
:. DC)• ,,oJun,e = 5.99 + 0.5 x 5.99 = 8.99 n, 3 = 1.48 ml
I
•

Total part of mix proportion = 1 + 3 + 6 = 10 Add,

•
•
30% to· get di)' 1.48 + 0.3 x 1.48 = 1.92 m
volun�e =
• •
3
8.99
I Cen1ent = 10 x 1 = 0.899 n, 3 • Total part of mix proportion= 1 + 3 = 4 parts
1.92
= 0.899 x 28.8 bags = 25.89 bags
•
Cemen� = 4 x1
8.99 •

Sand = 10 x 3 = 2697 n\3 = 0.479 m3

• = 0.479 x 28.8 bags
8.99 • •
= 13.8 bags
- Aggregate = 10 x 6 = 5.394 m3 •
.
• 1.92
Sand= x3=1.44m3
�
•
\V/C = 0.5 •
• 4
• 0.5 x 25.89 x 50 kg,/bag = 647.25 lit.
•• ,,, = Water = 0.5 x 13.8 x 50 z:: 345 lit.
Hence, • Hence, •
•
• Materials Quantity Materials Quantity
•
Ccn1cnt 25.89 bags • Cement 13.8 bags •
•
Srutd 2.697 m 3 Sand 1.44 m3
•

•
Aggregate 5.394 01 3 Water 345 lit.
\\1 ater 647.25 lit.
• •
•
 • •
g and Cost ing
a I of Est1rnat1n
Nw3nu
42 I complete •
•
Analysis of Rates -ti- Chapter 41 43

mPI II 4•4 33
•

1
I

11
I
, I

r (1: 4) in wall .. •

71;-m z of 2.S
1. mm t h•
ic k cement pla ste
'
Aggregate =
7 x 4 = 18.86 m3
•
• Solution: ' Water= 0.5 x 135.77 x 50 = 3394.25 ljt
• •

Here, Hence,
12.5 .:. B 91 m3
1e of \1/et m ortar 3 x 1 000 - · Materials Quantity
Vo lun =.7}. 1
. rea se 25% fo r fillin g in b ern een j o ints and irregular surface· to Cement· 135.77 bags
. t1y, inc
Firs ge1
. · Sand 9.43 m3
. tota l ,,,et ntix •
11.14 m 3· · • Aggregate 18.86 m3
i.e., 1.25 x 8.91 = •
vo lu m r;
•
Water 3394.25 lit.
to % to ge t dry e of m or ta I

Add, 30 % 35
Dry volume of mort�r = 1.30 x 11.14 = 14.48_m3
•
Total part of mix proportion = 1 + 4 = 5 parts �..._ __· -------------------
14.48 1 Calculate quantities of materials required for following items of ,vorks: •

Cement = 5 x = 2.896 n,3 = 2.896 x 28.8 = 83.42 bags 1

P.C.C. (1 : 1 2: 3) for R.C.C. roof 0.10 m thick 20 m wide a,nd 25 m long
14.48 •
Sand = 5 x 4 = 11.58 n, 3 (Assume 0.8 °/o volume of P.C.C.) •
Solution:
•
•
Let, ,,,ater. cement ratio (W/C)- = 0.8 •

Here,
• Water= 0.8 x 83.42 x 50 = 3336.8 lit Wet volume for R.C.C. work= 25 x 20 x 0.10
Hence, •
,. =50m3
Materials Quantity Increase 50% for• dry concrete; •
• •
•

Cen1ent 83.42 bags • •• Volume of c.iry concrete = 50 x 1..5

Sand 11.58 m3 =75m3
' ..
\'Yater 3336.S'lit. Total part of mix proportion 1 + 1.5 + 3
=
• •
=5.5
ammm __________________ ._
75
.. Cement= S.S x 1
• • •

Calculate quantities of materials required for following _items of works: •

= 13.63 m3 x 28.8 bags
500 m1 of 40 mm thick cement concrete in floor (1 : 2: 4) •

Solution: • . = 392.73 bags

• Here,
•
• 75 • •
•
-
•
• • • Sand = S S x 1.5 = 20.45 ml •
.
•
40 •
Volume of ,vet concrete::: 500 x 1000 = 20 n13 •
75 ., • •

A g gregate x 3
•
= = 40.91 n\3
Add, 10% for unevenness of base concrete; •

•
• . S.S
:. Total vo , lume of ,vet concrete= 20 + 0.1 x 20 = 22 m3 \,Vater = 0.5 x 392.73x 50 = 9818.25 lit. •

Increase 50- 55 % to get dry volume = 22 + 50% x 22 = 33 mJ

. M.S. bars (steel rei�orcement) = �� x SO (Wet volun,e)
Total pa� of mix proportion = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 ·.
33 • • • = 0.4 m3 x 7850 kg/ mJ
Cen,ent = x 1 = 4.71 m1
•

1 •
•
.
= 3140 kg (1 m 3 = 7850 kg steel]
= 4.71 x 28.8 = 135.77 bags 3140
• .
B.md'1ng ,,,1re = l k·g per quintal = 1 '
33 = 31 .4 kg
Sar:'d = 7 x 2 = 9.43 n,3 x 100
•
•

• Hence,
•

•
 I.-, 7- ........
• ,

�Es�t·�m
, a�
� 1
t n-=g�a:.:...:n ;:..d_C__o ts _
n.:::..
1 9 _ ___:- .
------. /\nalyslS of P.ates � Chapter 4 j 45
!��4 _J\�Co�n�,p�l�ct�e !i_fv\o� n�L�1
a o�f
�I '°'

Qu.ilntity
Materials
•

392.73 bags
SOLVED PROBlEMS
Cement re q u ire d for co nstru ctin g a w all
20.45 n,3 r 10£ b ri ck s .
•
.
a )c u la te th e n u m b e
Sand 1. 1C h , ou ter d ia m e te r 2.4 0 m an � in n er
llow in g d at.1, 3 0 m h ig
,�ith fo
• •
40.91 n, 3 (2063 Baashakh]
Aggregate
•

diamete� 2.0 m.
9818.25 lit.
\\'ater •
Solution:
Steel reinforcement 3140 kg Here,
31.4 kg w o rk = A re a o f \\ 'a ll x H e ig h t
Binding ,,,ire Volume of
•
•
•

= 4 1 .4 7 m
•

= � [ (2.4) - (2) ] X 30
2 2 3

NOTE· •
•

o rk .
1% o f P .C .C . for R .C .C . w •

tf not gi,,en, assume

•
• Assume, •

f bricks = 23 0 x 1 1 0 x 55 m m
_ _ _ _____ _· _· Size o
• •

- -----=-·--. _
•

- �
trnnmm�- ---=-- -- -
Assumi ng,
•
· jo in t = 10 mm
ratios. - Thickness o f m o rta r
• • t

10 m3 of stone masonry in 1 : 6 mortar

I

• •
x 65 m m
•
•
Size of bricks w ith m o rt a r = 240 x 120
Solution:
41.47
• •

Here, · ri cks = S 2 215 3 nos.

Number of b =
•

024 x 0_12 x 0.6

•
I

•
· Quantit)r of stone �asonl)' = 10m3
• •
•

Increase 15% to 20% for ,vastage and• dressing. Add 5% ,vastage, •

•
To tal n u m be r of bricks= 23260 n os .
Volume of stone= 15% of 10 + 10 = 11.5 m3 •
• ng wor ks :
Volume of dry mortar = 30% to 40% of ,,,ork quantity Calculate the materials re q u ir ed fo r the followi
- 2. 5 Shrawm]
:: 4 ce m en t m ort ar [206
=40% of10m3
- • 10 ml brick masonry 1
Solution: Su the solution of �amplt 4.1
•
•
•
•
' Tota1 part of mix proportion = 1 +_ 6 -= 7 parts •

eaiculate the mater ia ls re qu ired fo r the fo llo w in g WOl.'ks!

3.
•
· ·
: 6) fo un da tio n {2 065 Shralvan]
•
Cen,ent = � x 4 = 0.57 m3 .
• •
•
• 100 m P.CC. (1: 3
1 in
Solution: Su the solution of example 4. 2
•
•
I • •
• • •
Sand = 7 x 4 = 3.42 m3
6

•
•
• •

4.
•
Calculate the quantities of materials reqnirf!d for following wo1:ks:
•

Let, \\'ater cement ratio (\!\T /C) = 0.6 •

100 m 2 cement sand plaster 12 mm thick in (1: 6) [2066 Bludra]
• \\(ater = 0.6 x 16.45 x 50= 493.5 lil '•
• •

Hence, •
Solution: Su f he solution of �ample 4.4
• • •

ies of ma terials required for following \\'Orks:

Materials Quantity 5. Calculat e the qu an tit
P.C.C. (1: 2: 4) (2066 Bh adra )
Stone 11.5 r11 3 •
• 100 m 3
•

Cen1ent • 16.45 bags • Solution: See the solution of exornple 4.2

• • •
•
Sa11d 3.42 m 3 qu an titi es of ma terials req uirt?d for follow in ,g ,vorks:
6. Calculate the
Water 493.5 lit. 6 cem ent mo rtar (2061 A.sh adh ]
10 m brick m.isonry in 1:
•
• 1

• Solution: Su the solution of example 4.1 •

• •
terial s req uir ed for follow i ng works :
•
7. Calculate the quantities of D\.3 ·
tion [206 7 Ash adh
•
10 m P.C.C. (1: 3: 6) in founda
1
•
Solution! Su the solution of example 4.2
•

- . ' ..
, ,..,,,.. ".....
:.,,..... . .....
 /,

Costing
and '''
•
I of Est1mat1 ng
•
plete ,AAan ua Arldl/SrS of Rates � Ch apter 4 I 47
46 I Com
. . a teri als require d fo r th e foll owi n .
an t1f 1es o ( m g l 1�
the qu s uir ed for 500 m 2• 15 mm
8 Find o ut . 13. C::alculate the quantities of material req
ChaitraJ
•

of worJcs : datio n [2067 Ash . ce m en t sand pl a1s te ri ng (1 : 4) in w al l. (20 69

(J • 2 • 4) for foun · lVi thick
100 m' P. •C C •· .
Solution; Se£ th� sofution of vcamp1£ 4.4
Solution:
• Here, 14. Calculate quantities of m.itcrials required for 20 m 3 of brick ,.vork
100 n1
= 3
Vo'Iun1e of concrete
I

in cement mortar (1 : 5) in Foundation (Assume size of brick 240 x

to get dry volume; 120 x 60 mm and 12 mm thickness of mortar joint) (2069 Chaitraj
Add 50 _ S5%
x
Dry, ,,olume = 100 + 0.54 �1 = 154 m 3 , •
Solution:�£ th� solution of vcampl£ 4.1
:.
·
Total part of m ix proportion = l + 2 + 4 = 7 p a rts
1s: C.ilculate the quantities of materials required for 15 m 3 brick
154
Cement= 7 x 1 = 22 m == 22 x 28.8 = 633.6 bags.
• · 3
masonry in (1 : 4) cement sand mortar. Assume size of brick 230 x
• 110 x 55 mm and thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm. [2070 Ashadh)
•
154
Sand = 7 x 2 = 44 m 3 Solution: Su the solution of vcample 4.1
•
154 •
16. Find the quantity ·of materials required for first class Bf\V in 1 : 4
Aggregate • 7 x 4 = 44 m 3 •
•
cement sand mortar per 1�0 m 3 (Assume size of brick= 230 x 110,x
W/C=0.5 57 mm and thickness at mortar is 12 mm) (2071 Shrawan]
Solution: �e the solution of exampl� 4.J
•

Water c 0.5 x 633.6 x 50 = 15840 lit. •

•
Hence, •
•
17. Prepare materials required for an items of brickwork in ce,mcnt
Materials Quantity •
mortar (1 : 4). �ize of brick is 230 mm x 110 mm x 55 mm with
•
Cement • 63�.6 bags mortar joint 10 mm [2071 Chaitra]
II Sand 44m 3 •
Solution:
• Aggregate 88ml • For a unit volume;
•
Water 15840 lit •
• Volume = 1 m l
•
• Size of brick = 230 mn, x 110 x 55 mm •

9. Find out the quantities of materiaJs·required lor Size of brick with mortar joi11t = 240 mm x 120 mm x 65 mm
the following item
• of worb:
12 mm cement sand pluter on wall Number of bricks = ·
5 35 n o s .
. . (1 : 6) for 375 mz i2067 Ashwin} 4 . ; x
0_2 x O 2 0 06. 5 =
Solution; See the solution of example 4
.4 Add 5% ,vastage; then,
10. · Number of bricks = 562.nos.
I
Calculate the quan . t"1ties of mater1i • ls re .
. . � . q ui re d for 1 05 m l of P.C.C.
.. · B) m 1oundatJon.
(l · .. . Volume o� mortar = 1- 535 x 0.23 x 0.11 x 0.055= 0.26 ml
Solution: See the solution of exam (2068 Ba1shalchJ
ple 4_2 Add 30% to get dry volume;
•
Dry volume of mortar = 0.26 + 30% of O.i6= 0.33 ml
11. Calculate the quan r·tt I es of mater·ials required
fhit for 725 m2 of 20 nun Total part of n1ix = 1 + 4 = S parts
. Jc cement plast er (1;4) in
wa)J• (2068 BaishakhJ •
Solution: See the solution of ,_ 0.33
exotnp,c ,.4A
Cement = x 1= 0.066 m l= 1.91 bags
• 5
12. Work out the number of 0.33 .
b " des, cement and sand
ml of brick masonry in (1 � required for 115 Sand=
5 x 4= 0.2 6 m 1
·· �ement mortar in superst ructure
size of brick is 240 mm x l . The
· mm x 60 mm and the W /C ratio = 0.5
mortar joint is 12 mm.· thickness ol
Solution: Su the solution
of example 4_1 l2068 ChaitraJ .'. Water = 0.5 x 1.91 x SO= 47.45 lit •

Hence,
•

•
•
•
_______,,________ 4
 •
•
• ;-,,

trn s and Cosr,ng

ti � I of Estirna
r
•
n1plctc ,v.an
�.
�l'f1 \1 I co 49
J• I ' Quantity
•

I !rfJteriAill • 19. Dlculatc the qui1nlities of n1nte?rial required for 115 m3 of brick
I . Ccn1ent
1.91 bags •
masonry in (1 : 3) cement mortJr, (the 8izc of brick is (240 x 115 x
Sand
o.26 m' • 60) mm a,nd thickness of mortar is 12 mm). [2073 Sl'-rn,�anJ
l'\'ater 47.45 lit.
l • Solution: •
•
Here,
qu an f of cement, s.1nd .. and coarse aggreg•
E6 ti,nJl c th e itics
. lt Voll111\e of brick n1asonry = 115 n, 3 .
0

18.•
• •
required {or 12 cm thick R.C.C. slab (l: l.5: 3) mIX proportion. Th, Size of brick ,vilhout mortar= (240 x 115 x 60) mn,
dj ,raen sion s sla b ar e 4.20 m X 3 m . (2073 Shraw�
outs id e ol
. I Size of brick ,vill112 1nn1 11,ortar joint= (240 + 12) x (115 + 12)
Solution: • X (60 + 12)
= (252 x 127 x 72) n1n1
• •

I I
Here, •
Volun,c of brick ,vorks
•
Volun,e of "'et concrete=� x 4.20 x 3 = 1.512 m 3 · Number O f bric . k5 -
_ Size ofbrick inclt1dir1g thickness
• • •
Increase 50% to 55% to get dry volun1e; 115
it., Dry voiuntc of concrete= 1.5 x 1.512 = 2268 m 3 =
0.252 X 0.127 X 0.072
Total part of mix proportion = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 pnrts • = 49907 nos.
Add, 5% \\'astagc; tl,en, •
, . •
l
Cement = 53 x 2268 0.412 m3 = • •
Nu11,ber of bricks= 1.05 x 49907 52402 nos. = •

= 0.412 x 28.8 = 11.876 bags •

Volume of mortar= Total volume - Volun,e of bricks before 5%
H
•
• •
\Vaslagc
I Sand = x 2268 = 0.618 m3 •
= 115-49907 X (0.240 X 0.115 X 0.06)
•
... • • •
•
•
Coat'$e aggregate =Ax 2.268 = 1, .2.17 m 3 •
= 32.354 m3 •

Add, 30% to 35% to get dry volume of mortar;

=
•

•
•
Let, M'afercen1ent ratio (lV;q 0�5 •

Water= 0.5 x 11.876 x 50 = 296.9 lit • i.e., Dry volume of n1ortar = 1.3 x 32.354 = 42060 n,1
= 4 parts
•
To1&1J part of mix proportion� 1 + 3
Assun1e 1 % P.C,C for R.C.C. work;
II I · :. Steel reinfon-ement = 1 % of 1512 Cement = 4 x 42.06 = 10515 m1
•
. = 0.01512 m 3 •
= 10.515 x 28.8 = 30283 bags
= 0.01512 X 7850. 3
•
. Sand = 4 x 4206 = 31.545 m3
= 118.69 kg •

· Let, water cement ratio (W / q = 0.5

,.
· dingwue= 1 Ag
Bm · 118 69 •
·
perqumtal= =l.186kg Water= 0.5 x 30283 x 50 = 7570.75 lit.
•
100
Hence, •
•
•
NOTE •

Materials 1 m cement = 28.8 bags

• •
3
• Quantity • •
• •

Cement 1 bag= so kg
•

11.876 bags •
•
•
Sand 0.618 m3
•
. .. Hence,
Coarse aggregate ].237 m 3 •
\

Materials Quantity •
• •

Water 296.9 lit

, •
Cement 30283 b,ags
•
- •
•
•

Steel reinforcement 118.69 kg • Sand 31.545 m 3

•
• •
Binding wire 1.186 kg
•
Water 7570.75 lit
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
•
• •
 •••

50 •
Analysis of Rates� Chapter 41 51
an t·t y requ ire d fo r th e fo llo w ing it e m s of ,v o r1�
u
20. Calc u
i) 18 m
late th e q 1
•
3 b TI.C kwOrk in cement mortar (1 : 4), brick size (230
• �
X 1 Jo Total part of ntix proportion= 1 + 2 + 4 7 parts = •

x 55) mm
e pl ast er of 12 m m th i c k I : 2 : Ccmen t =
1
7 x 2.9 25 - O · 417 n, 3
O 41 7 x =
28.8 = 12 .03 ba gs •

ii) 15 m2 cement, sa nd an d lim ( 4) •

. [P.U. 20
14) Sand = � x 2.925 = 0.835 m 3
Solution:
i) l8 m 3 brickwork in cement mortar (1 : 4), brick size (230
x 110 Lin,e =; x 2.925 = 1.671 m3
x 55) mm · Let, ,vatcr cement ratio {W/C) = 0.8 •
' Su 1� solution of example 4.1 Water= 0.8 x 12.03 x 50 = 481.2 lit.
• ii) . 15 m2 cement, sand and li�e plaster of 12 mm thick (I: 2: 4) Hence,
Su the solution of Q. no. 16 •
Materials Quantity
•
21. Calculate the quantity required for the following items of wor� Cement 12.03 bags
i) 10 m-' plain cement concrete in ration 1 : 2 : 4 Sand 0.835 01 3
•
ii) 100 m2 cement, sand and plaster of 12 mm thick (1 : 4) (P.U. 2015]
Lime 1.671 n, 3
Solution: •

i) 10 m3 plain cement concrete in ration 1 : 2 : 4 Water 481.2 lit.

•
Su the solution of excmple 4,Z
3
ii) 100 m2 cement, sand and plaJter of 12 mm thick (1 : 4) 23 Calculate the quantities of materials required for 50 m R.C.C.
•
I

Su the solution of tXomple

4.4 •
•
work in (1 : 1.5 : 3) (P.U. 2016]
I ' • •
Solution:
•

• •
22. Calculate the quantity required for the follow Volume of R.C.C. = 50 ml
in g items of work.
i) 25 m brickwork in cement mortar
3
(1 : S), brick size (2.30 x 110 Increase 50% to 55% to get d ry volume.
X 55) mm
=
I

• ii) 150 m2 cement, sand and lime p i.e., Dry volume o f R.C.C. = 50 x 1.5 75 m3
laster of 12 mm thick (1 : 2 : 4) •
Total part of mix proportion = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 parts
Solution: (P.U. 2015) Now, •
' i) 25 m' brickwork in cem
•
1 .
ent mortar (i: 5) brick size 23 Cement = 75 x = 13 .636 ml = 13.636, x 28.8 = 392.75 bags
•
X55) mm ( 0 x 110 53
•
•

= 20.45 m
•
Su the solution of example 4.i •

Sand = � x 75 l
ii) 150 m2 cement, sand and •
.. r , lime plaster of 12 mn,·thick 3
He e _ (1: 2 : 4) Aggregate= 53 x 75 = 40.91 ml
Quantil)' of plastering work
== 150 m2 Let, Water cement ratio (\V/C) 0.5 = •

\,\Tater= 0.5 x 392.72 x 50 = 9818 lit

:. • •
Volume of.,vct mort� = 150 x 1·2
•
_
- 1·8 m 3 · ·
First, increase 25% for 1 000
fiiling in betwee . ts an Hence.,
to get total wet mix. - _n .
JOm d irregular surface
i.e., 1.25 x 1.8 == 2.25 m3 Materials Quantity •
•
.
To get dry volu me o£ m • · . Cement 39272 bags •
. ortar, increase 30% to
\ olume
35 %· Sand , 20.45 m3
of dry mortar - 1 .
f

30 x 2.25 = 2.925 m3 •
Nol-v, Aggregate 40.91 ml
Water 9818 lit
•

.. --- •
•
,
 • l •s . -
•

and Costing Analysis of Rates -c, Ch apter 4 I 53

N\anLJal of Esti mating
52 I Complete •

of m ateri al req uired for the follow ing fncrease 50% to 55% for dry volume;
ulate the quan titi es
24. Calc Dry volun,e = 1.50 x 20 = 30 m3
:. -
· it ems of ,vorks. •
in (1: 3) cem ent mortar For �1 20 concrete , the n1ix proportion is 1 : 1.s·: 3; thus,
i) 75 m, of brick \Vork .
1 of 75 mm thick r.c.c. (1 : 2: 4) in floor
[2074 Ash,vin]
ii) 115 m Total part of mix proportion= 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 parts
J.� x
• I

Solution: . • • Cement required = 1 = 5.45 m3 = 5.45 x 28.8 = 157 bags

e nt mort�
•
,,•ork in (1 : 3 ) cem ••
i) • 75 m'.J of brick
•
Su th� solution of ixamp� 4.1 Sand 1'equired = � x 1.5 = 8.18 n1 3
1 of 75 mm thick P.CC. (1 : 2: 4) in floor
ii) 115 m •

Su the so lution of ex am pl e 4. 5 •
• Aggregates required = � x 3 =. 16.36 m l •
•
•
12 m m th ick (1 : 6) Let, ,vater cement ratio (W/C) = 0.5
titi es of m ateria l re q ui re d of
25. C alculate the quan 75 Ashwin] Water= 0.5 x 157 x 50 = 3925 lit.
pe r 10 m 1 in brick wall. - (20
cement plastering · . Steel reinfo�cement = 2.5% of wet volume
. .
Solution: •
. = 25% of 20
•

Here, •
•
= 0.5 m
• •
3
12
Volume of \\'Ct mortar = 10 x lOOO •
•
= 0.5 X 7850 kg •
•
= 0.12 m 3

ul ar surfac e to g •
= �925 kg [1 m3 = 7850 kg of steel]
Firstly increase 25% for fil lin g in betw een joi nts and irr eg et •
Binding \\'ire = 1 kg per quintal
total \\'et mix. • 3925
• •
=l X
i.e., 0.12 x 1.25 = 0.15 m3 • 100
Add, 30% to 35% to get dry volun,e of mortar; = 39.25 kg
Dry volume of mortar= 1.30 x 0.15 = Hence
3
:. 0.1 95 m •
•
,
Total pa rt of mix proportion � 1 + 6 = 7 parts.. Mate rials Quantity
.
0.195 :) Cement 157 bags '
Cement = 7 x 1 = 0.027 m�· •
•
:i) . Sand 8.18 n, '.)
• = 0.027 x 28.8 = 0.8 bags
9 :ii) Aggregates 16.36 013 •
Sand = o:; s )( 6 = 0.167 m 3
•
• -
�v) Water 3925 lit. •

Let1 ,vater cement ratio (WJq = 0.8 • •

•
v) Rcinforceme·n t 3925 kg
•
• - •
Water= 0.8 x 0.8 x 50 = 32 lit. •
vi) Binding ,,,ire
•
•
• • 39.25 kg
Hence, •
•

•
Materials Quantity •
27.
• �alculate the quantities of. mat erials r equired for the follo,vinrr0
Cement 0.8 bags •
• items of ,vork (P.U. 20181
Sand 0.167 m 3 •
•• ·1
1 P laster ,vorJ< of 10 m height; 5 n1 length ,vith (1 : 4) cement
• Water 32 lit .
• mortar. • '
•
• •
ii) 100 mm thick P.C.C. ,vork (M :o) in foundation at size 4 m x 5 m
•
iii) R.C.C. ,vork (1 : 1.5 : 3) in 5 nos. column (0.3 m x 0.3 m x 3.25 m)
26. Calcula!e the quantities of material require for 20 o,3 R.C·C. M
Assume that the reinforcement to be 2.5•;, _ 20- Solution: 'r
. [P.U. 2017] i)
Solution: Plaster ,vork of 10 m height, 5 m length ,vith (1 : 4) cement n1ortar
Here, • Here,
•
Wet volume of R.C.C. works = 20 m3 Total area = 10 x 5 = SO 11,
•
2
•

•
•
• ,
••
-
 . -
. •
. .

54 I Complete'Manual of Es tima tin g and Costing

- Analysis of Rates -4- Chapter 41 5S
•
Let, TI1ickness of plaster = 10 mm 3
. 10 .. Aggregates = 53 x 3 = 1.6363 m 3
Total \'olume of plaster ,vork = 50 X 1000 Let, ,,,atcr cement ratio (W/C) = 0.5 (b)' ,veig},t)
· 3
•
= 0.5 m •
Water= 0.5 x 50 x 15.70 = 3925 lit .
DC)' volun1e· = Increase 30% to 35% in wet volume
•
• Hence,
= 0.5 X 1.30 M3terials QuJntitv
-
= 0.65 m3 •
Cement 15.70 bags
•
Total part of mix = 1 + 4 •
= 5 parts Sand 0.8181 n, 3
0.65 Aggregate 1.6363 n1 3
••• Cement =-;-X l • • I
•
Water 3925 lil
= 0.13 m 3
• • • •

= 0.13 X 28.8 •
iii) R.C.C. work (1: 1.5: 3) jn 5 nos.
•
column (0.3 m x 0.3 m x 3.25 m)
= 3.744 bags •
Here,
Volume of R.C.C. \\rorks = 0.3 x 0.3 x 3.25 x 5
Sand = � X 4 = 0.52 m 3
r

= 1.4625 n, l
•
Let; \\'ater cement ratio (W/ q = 0.8 For dry volume, increase 50 to 55% in \\'et volume;
•
.-. Waler= 0.8 x 50 x 3.744 :. Total dry volume = 150 x 1.4625 = 2.19 m l
= 149.76 lil •
Fo.r �120 concrete;
Hence, Mix proportion = 1 : 1.5 : 3
Materials Quantity :. Total part of mix= 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 •
•
Cement 0.13 m3
•
•
•
No"', •

Sand 0.52 ml 219

Cement = -S:-S- x 1
Water 149.76 lil •
I
• I · = 0.398 n, l '
il) 100 mm thick P.C.C. work (M7D) in foundation at size 4 m x 5 m = 0.398 X 28.8
• Here, . •
. = 11.48 bags
1 • 219
Volume of P.C.C. = 4 x 5 x_ 1 � = 2 m3 Sand = S.S x 1.5 = 059 . m3
Increase50 to 55% to get dry volume; 219
:. • Aggregates = � x 3
Dry volume of P.C.C. = 1.50 x 2 = 3 m 3 •
= 1.194 m 3
•
For �1?D concrete; •
•

Mix proport:ion = 1: 1.5: 3 Let, ,vater cement ratio (W / C) = 0.5 (by \Veight)
• • •
:. Tota'l part of mix= 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 Water = 0.5 x 50 x 11.48
Now, = 287 lit.
3 Hence,
Cement = x1
53 Materials Quantity
= 0.5454 m3
•
•

Cement 11.48 bags •

= 0..5454 X 28.8
•

• = 15.70 bags Sand· •

0.59 nt3
3 � Aggregate 1.194 m3
Sand = 53 x 1.5 = 0.8181 3
m
\,Vater • 287 lit.
•
•
•
_JL_�••-r-� ; www -,

A I_ Ii .4--4 . . .. .
I cc
.a ..
a 2
. ...
CI f4L L'\. �-
 •
'

ing and Costing

Manual of Esti mat Analysts of Rates� Ch a P te r 41 51
56 I Complete •
3 rick masonr
the quantiti es of m at eri als f or 1 0 m b y in
' .. 3. Stonework
Calcul ate 1
28. · · f bn ' "
•k -
- 9" x 4 x 3''
ar. nor m a 1 size o 2 Rubble stone masonry
m ort 15 5
· (1: 3) cement: san d
[2075 Chaitra]
Rubble arch (1: 3 -1 : 6) 2 5.4
• 10m
solution of ixo mp le 4. 1 •
Rubble stone masonry (dry) 1.
Solution: Ste the 2 •

1.5
NOJEt Broken stone 3
•

size of brick (230 X 110 X 55) mm by

48.5 0 m 3 by 10 m 3 and 4. P.C.C. work
Replace the M

· 1 m X 3• == 76.2 mm
114.3 m P,C.C. (1 : 2: 4)
,.

== •
9• x 4
1 x 3" i.e., 9" := 228_ .6 mm x 4 2 •
2
0.c.c ( : 3: 6)
1 ...
for 100 m long 2.3 cm -J
late the qua nt ities of mate rial s req ui red 1 4 30m 6 r----t--J--
29. Cal cu
ment mortar. (Assume size of D,C.C. (1 : 4 : 8) •
l in (1 : 6) ce
thick and 1.20 m high wal
and thic k nes s of m ortar 10 mm) P.C.C. (1 : 5: 10)
brick is 235 x 110 x 57 mm
•

(2076 Ash,vin]
· 5. P.C.C. for R.C.C. work
n of ex ample 4.1 . . •
Solu ti on : Ste 1ht so lu tio P.C.C. for RC.C. 1( : 2: 4) •

0,C.C. for R.C.C. (1 : 1.5 : 4) 0.8

•
7
•
•
Volume of bri,ckwork = 100 x 0.23 X 1.20 = 27.6 m 3 HP:-::-::-:---:--..!.-
.C.C.for R. C.C. 1� ( : 1 2)
..:!....J
::.:..::....:..
�: �---1�+-�J
30m e r----t--J---J
•
•

M�f mixtur �
� 7.Vibratoi
� � hr.)+
: : : : e�(0.6
and, replace size of brick by (230 X 110 X 57) mm '

_ 0.5 3.5
• 0.25 hr.)
4.6.2 Analysis of Rate . . 6. Rooting work •

•ing s are the no rn1 s and sta nd ard s of N� pa l for rate analysis·• �8 mm thick punning
The follov.
• 2
'1: 2: 4)

·--
• . • •
Labours
.
•
,..
.,,
•
60 mm thick punning
,,- ·-- ...
i,,
Cl
-
• \I 1.25 225
....-
�

z• - a. '1 : 2: 4)
QI
n c
f ... �
Material
�

Description r! .!l
.... ;:J • E
�
(J
p.
Cll �-
en c., t- QII 75 mm thick punning •

-
'd 3
:.(
Cl) C ::r: • •
1 : 2: 4) •
• ;:J •
• •
1. rTree cutting � -
v
C: -=:-
.,; QJ "d ...-
7. Soling work
� 12-30cm 0.1 3 15m
• ·;: 0
c:
-
e e ij ...
.., -
G,I - ,,. e
u
gQ

� 31-60cm 0.39 15m

�lat brick soiling (1: 6 with
� 61-120 cm 0.98 15m oointing)
2.25 3.25 • 430 0.078 0.23
•
Un rooting • Edge brick soling (1: 6 \vith
750 0.121 0.43
•

oointing)
1.1 1.8
W> 12-30cm 0.40 15m.
• � 31-60cm t
0.52 15m fBSdry • 0.5 1 . e 420 0.71
I
4> 61-120cn, ?_,_
.. ., 15m •
EBSdry 1 3.25 � 750 0.71
2.. Brick work. t:lat stone soling dry
1.1
1 35 0.71
Brick \\'Ork (1 : 3)
8- f la.ster work
Brick ,,·ork (1 : 4) •
?
12 m m thick ccn,cnt
12 16
100
1.5 22 • ol.lStcr ( I : 3 _ 1 : 6) mt
30m
Brick ,\·oik (1 : 5) "
'"Or ceil
ing 12 20

t.
•

Brick ,,·ork (1 : 6) � mn\ thick cement plaster 14 19

•
•
• if 1: 3 - 6)
I.
• I

\
•
•
•

.. . � .. . .... . . . .... -. ·- . . . .
\
. .
'
,.
 .. -- ,
I

- --------....
os�t 1� gL- -
' f
1matt11�n �9�a
� nd�C n •

Mdnua I of Est Analysis of Rates� Chapter 41 59

58 I complete
•
4
•
Distemper 1 coat 4 8 ht. 65 kg
• .at)' M"Urt
9· S.an•'t 1·th
co m m od e '" Distemper 2 coat 5.8 11.5
,Valer closet
5.8 8 lit.
n kc
c,'" Jcvcl cister "hl"' 3 3
''' !Waterproof paint 1 coat 1.7 1.7 30 kg
pan 11 0 ·no
,\falcr cJos ct
evel cistcm ,-Vatcrproof paint 2 coat 5 s 48 5
k2
•
t V• ash b,,sin 2 2 Enan,e l paint 1 coat 8 5 9 ltt. 8.1 lat.
•
Kitchen sink
• ooc Nail Enamel paint 2 coat • 12 8 16 lit. 8.1 lit.
10. Fenn work Emulsion paint 1 coat 9 lit. 8.1 lit.
J
8 5
3.74815.622 . "' ,...
!Emulsion paint 2 coat
Fl"\'column 6 6 6 bO 12 8 16 lit. 8.1 ltt.
4 6 �
f'\1/ beam and slab 10.76
l/')
0
.... !•O
• 0
N Aluminium paint 2 coat 10.7: 10.75
�

lit.
8.1 Ut.
267 4
F\V beam up lo 0.3 - O.S m Varnish 1 coat • 3 2
' "' 6 lit.
FW (Trench up lo 3 n1)
0. 5 1 .. ,
e e'° CD
.le Vamish2coat 6 4 11 1 it.
.... an
1.75
8
.... "" N Cht1pra polish 3 coat s
10 2 kg Sprit : 10 l1L
•

FtV(Trench > 3 m) 1 •
j
I for road works
ll. oofing
:.G.L 0.75 mn1 thick
•

1.1 1.25
C.G.1.-12
n,2 • De,cription
-
.... ubors Material Equipment
e
�
•Cl.) ;:J
Slate- 24 m•
•
•
4 5 Oa,s Qty. Type Qty. Type Qty.
Slate
• • Clay tile - 1. Prepar�tion of su�grade in ordinary soil cutting: 10 m leaid
0.5 1.5
•
�1..y tile
•
•
127
ml Un.skilled 0.12
•
• 10 • .) up to 10 cm depth
Clay tile dhuri
•
0.5 0.5 rm
Tile- 27 !.11 up to 20 cm depth ml UnskJIJed 0.18

l 2. Wood w0tlc IW, ,J

00
HF
(no)
·Nail ii) up to 30 cm depth n1? Unskilled 0.24
2. repar�tion of sub-grade in stone mixed soil culling: 10 m leid
ooden frame (agTakh) 34 3.4 m' '1.1 92 184
i) 40% to 60% stone ·mixed; up to
10cm depth ml Unskilled 0.29
ooden shutttt

' Wood: 0.084 m l ii) 40% to 60% stone mixed : up to

38 mm thick ,\grakh Frame m! Unskilled 0.41
20cmdeplh
.vith panel l 100 mm hinge 6
10 1 m
ui) 40% to 60% stone mixed 'Up to
Measurement 1.829 x 1.22 =
150 mm locking •
m l Unskilled 0.53
2.114m2
•
• ' 30cmdep1h
• • �et 1

a
Hantlle 2
•
Labors Material Equiprnent
To\.\1er bolt 2
�
" Description
r>
�
•
Class Qty Type Qty. Type Qty.
Nail LS. 3. Providing and spre.1ding For obtain loose
13..P.am
• 1·mgwork , •• P.iinl Gum -, &"UJlCI
. pproved size gravel in sub- gravel 35 %
•
�ade : 10 m lead • m<reasc
•

hite,\'ash 1 coat 0.8 0.7 12kg 0.48 0.135 Road

kg 1) 10 cm thick (compacted) mt Unskilled 0.14 Grav·el 0.028 hr.
,,
-·c:; -�
�
e.o--:::, U"\ • m' roller,
IWhite,,•ash 2 coat • 1.5 1.1 e 22kg
0.88
� CJ
·- ....
C'I
CJ
0.203 Road
•

8 kg ii) 15 cm thick (compacted) mt Unskilled 0.21 Gravel 0.042 hr.

.... � �
I':
CJ .. m' roller
0 ::,
,'Vhite,vash 3 coat 3 27 0.48 u... • c::...
32 kg 0.337 Road .
•

kg 'ii) 25 cm thiclc (compacted) m1 Unskilled 0.32 Gravel D 070 hr.

m l roller
•
•
 r •
• .... I, . -1• « ,.,,ah2 . .. . .

�:,:::.::::::::: __________,
, �a�t1�n9�an
l �f�E9�t�m 'n:.:::!.-
os t
60 � a�o
llliC�o�m�p�le�te�fv"tt3�nu
d C 9
Analysis of Rates -<J- Chapter 4 I 61
• - •
• •
-10 ton road roller
4. :ompaction by 8 8. roviding and laying tick coat
Roa
•
roller 3h r. Bitumen 7.3 kg
Sub b.1.se cou rse
) Kerosene LS.
... Roa •
Uru killetl 0. 20 �---+-----c
rolle r 4h r. Wood
i) Base course "";!.. (Boiler) 3 kg Boiler
and clay ba c<? urse (clay bounc ) {)\rcr old pitch surface c:: ,____-.L.--L----'-----1 and O 04 hr
laying crushed stone, sand � 0
,.....
5. nrO\• it.ling and \Vood •
12 :kg sprayer
niacadam) 10 m Jead (open area: mass ,vork)
Coarse 0.079
m' \Vood
Aggre. 18 kg
•
0.016 Road ..,.
� •
(open area: patch ,,,ork)
t
•
ess m Unskilled 0.10 Screening m' roller
N
ij 6 cm compacted thickn •
2
. 8. Bit. 12.2 kg
0.007
0
B.
•
Material m' • •
Unskill�cl 0.20
Kerosene LS ....
cJ
>..
Wood

-...
Coarse
0.10 m ... r,
5kg c..
t.?

•
Aggrc. (Boiler) VI

ij Over Base course O.o.t hr.

•

. 0.02 m' ..c: 4-_-,1

·--
C:
-
,______._
_____1,,-
__
� Wooct
i) 7.5 cm compacted m! Unskilled 0.12 l,A.cenmg "'d
ce
0
0• • • •
20kg ...
d
CJ
trudness • 0 • (open area: n,ass ,vork)
B. 0.009 c:::
0
•
m' Wood
•
Material ~
30kg
Coarse 0.1087 (open a rea : pa tch ,vork)
Aggre. m' -e - �
•
9. ovlding and l�ying priming co�t
0.021 N
'ii) 10 cm compacted lltickness mZ Unskilled 0.13 i,.A,eenmg
•
:-
Bitumen 4.9 kg
m" "C
cc 0• -
• B 0.0096 c§ 0 Kerosene LS
Unskilled· 0.20 .____.,___·_,.
Matcridl m 1 • ,., \.\ oo
d 1

e bound mac.id.am: Q Over oltl pitch swface (Boiler)

2kg O.o.t hr.
6. Providing .md laying crushed stone•and stone dust (ston
0
•
,.....
10 m lead. Wood (open mass) 8 kg
•
Coarse 0.0794 ...•
=== lVood (patch work)
e 12 kg
•
mJ ..c:
Aggr�.
ij 6 cm compacted thickness m Unskilled 0.10
�
1 N
• "d
Stone 0.016 • O l'2 8 •
Bitumen 9.7 kg
• • Just m' c::: 0
Kerosene
I
•
LS
-... Unskilled 0.20 t----+--·�
•
•
Coarse 0.1087 l1 "'
'i A�grr. m' 0 ...
• •

··) Over BclSC course

Wood
4 kg -:1 0.04 hr.
j 10 cm compacted thickness ml Unskille< 0.15• "" rr. (Boile_r)
• 0 C:

-·-
r::
Stone 0.0213 0
• ...
ml \,Vood (open n,ass)
0 CJ
t dust 16 kg 0
C
•
Coarse ... \Vood (patch ,vork) 24 kg
•

Aggre. 0.20 111' c.,

:::: ... •

:ij 15 cm compacted thickness ml UMkilJcc 0.23 ...

0 _c;
'° 10. roviding .and laying single
• •
Stonel
"" 0
oat surface dressing
Bitumen 34 kg
o.oa m'
d 0•
c::: 0 Kerosene LS.
dust · eluding compaction Unskilled 0.80
1. Providing ffld laying b.a.se course of crushed stone \Vood Roller 0.04 hr.
•
"' 8 kg
• • •
S (Boiler)
.
•
) 10 cm thick (compacted) mZ Unskilled 0.15 75 mn1 c. 0.148 Road 0 r----__,______--l�--+----+--�
kl 00-1 hr. .- Wood (open mass) 32 kg
stone m' Roller Boiler •
I

•
U) 7.5 cm truck (�omp.iclcd)· \,Vootl (patch work) 48 kg and 0.04 hr.
D1 1 Unskilled 0.12 50mmc. 0.10 n, Road 0. 003 hr. r----------��---1
stone RoUer 12 mm Aggregate .15 .m sp yer
ra
•
•
•
• •
 •

• Analysis of Rates � Ch apter 4 J 63

Bitumen 34 kg •

Kerosene L.S. Rolle r The followings are the material rat e on the basis of g overnment
•

• Unskilled o.80 Wood oo, hr (Kathmandu: 2071/2072)

13 kg
• (Boiler) Materials/ m.i np ow·er/machi ne Unit Rate (NRs.) Rem arks
s.N
•

......
E Woo d(o pen ma ss) 52 kg no 650
C 1--_:.:....:.:.:�--
...:,_-f- 7
Boile
• 1. Skilled labor
r"'
ood tch ,,·o rk) k g r
W (pa 78
and 0.07 hr
I

2: Unskilled labor no 475

�! at_e_-+o_.l_B_m ' sprayer
12 mlI\ Aj_g_L...Tegi:.... 3. Helper no 475
--4
10 mm A rcgate 0.10 m • 4. Brick (n,achine n,ade) no 10.92
stm i gro uting inc lud ing rom p act ion 5. Brick (chimney made) no 10
ll Droviding 1.nd -
Bitumen 35 kg
6. �ement Hetauda-OPC (50 kg) ba,g 743
Kerosene LS.
�--+---t Rolle
,
r 0.07 hr 7. Cement Uda},apur-OPC (50 kg) bag 792
12 4 8,
,.. W oo d
72 kg bag 995
E Unskil led 1.20 �:-:-:-:: -:-t- -:.,-- -,r- --.l 8. White cement (40 kg)
) 5 cm dep th o 38mm
0.60 m· Boiler 9. Quarry stone ff 3 56 1975.68 /n1 3
Agg
and 0.07 hr 10. Ri,,er stone ftJ 60 2116.8/m 3
12mm
0.15 !11: spra}1 Cr t l 59 2081.52/ n1 1
Agg 11 Quarl')' sand f
Bitumen 60 kg 12. River san d f t 3 62 2187.36/m 3
Keroseme LS.
Wood 20, 80, 108
Roller 0.07 hr. 13. Agg regates (machine-crosser)
g --i--+--...J 6-10 mm size f tl 62 2187.36/ml
:11 1 O cm depth E Un.skilled lOO t-;:-:::----k,.
38mm
o 10- 20 mm size ft3 66 2328.46/n1 3
Agg Bo ile r
and O .07 hr. rio _-40 mm size ftl 68 2399.04/n1 3 •
12mm
Agg 6 mm do,,'n ft 3 56 1975.68/m3
13. Pro,·iding and full grouting Bitumen 50 kg an made (all size) ft3 61 2152.0S/mj
including compa.ctlon
• Kerosene LS. Roller 0.07 hr. 14 Base course/ sub-base course
Wood 20, 80, 120 1693.44/ml
Gravel ft3 48
� Uns kil led 1.2 0 t-:-:� - k,g _--1--4---...J
.... 38mm Stone dust ft3 28 987.84/rn 3
Boiler
•
Agg 15. Wood (Agrakh) ft3 5400 190512/n\3
umm and 0.07 hr.
•

A
sp Fornl,vork (mixed) ft3 1146 40430.88/n1 J
•
114. !>ro��
. �� ing se.t�-t
and lay��
viding�IT; l -t---+--+�ID&&l· -+---+_:r=a�yc=.rL_J 16. Reinforcement
· c1ud'mg compaction
�..oat U\ Bitume.n 15 kg
:with 6 mm stone chips) Kerosene LS. Roller 0.04 hr. S n,n, dia. kg 82.7
• N

6 Unskilled 0.45 Wood 6, 24, 36 10-25 n1n, dia . kg 79.7 •

� kg Boiler t28 111n,-32 11'\tll dia. • kg 82.55

•

6 mm and 0.04 hr.

0.12 m1 sprayer Binding ,,,ire kg 94
15. Providing, bying md chips
�omp1ction 40 mm thick Bitumen 9.6 kg 17. Paint
Kerosene LS. � Roller 0.0-1 hr.
•
premixtd uphalt cona
ete !Whitewash kg 17
� Unskilled 0.45 ,Wood 4, 16, 24 Distemper lit. 197
Boiler
I
\ kg
• Coarse and 0.04 t,r. v\laterproof paint lit. 420 •

sand D.07 m: sprayer

•
Enamel paint lit 463
•

•
 ."
•
.IFPI =--

•
.. .,.,
•I
,, ns and cost1 ns
nual of Es t1 mat, Analysis of Rates -6- Chapter 41 65
'
mplctCMd
/Co
6'
�
I

.
\ 11 •
lit 464 ---
ffmulsion paint
482
•
25 Super color porcelain pan
n m
lit
Alumiiu
580 mm size 4020
• lit. 389
arnish • c;fYl n1m size 3090
kg 809
thapra poJisl, 104 26. l'vVhite glazed porcelain clay E. W.C.
lit.
6prit (Joor mounted commode ,,,ithout 7854
kg 236 ::istem all complete set
Primer cemen.t
lit. • 332 27. Porcelain clay \vhite glaze large flat
. \'ood primer 3787
kg 231 oack urinal (61 x 41 x 38) cm size
1..1um
28. odem sanitary \Vare.: Mogen;
18. f-finge '
Cotto, Bolan or equivalent
3• no 15
Basin mixture set 5000
• no 27
:ommode no 13750
,. no 42
:omn,ode seat cover no 22100
5" no 55
:.P.15 mm dia. angle ,,aJve no 1098
19. ::.ocking set
�.P. hinge no 850
300mnt no 252
�-- 15 mm C.P. pillar cock with aerator no 1115
, ,, mn1 no 221
no
Flushing pipe no 315
• 150mm 189 -
Stainless sink no 2250
20. Tower bolt
3u, 4•, 6", 811, 10 11,121
• •
P.V.C. connector no 290
•
•
no 20, 39, 65, 78, 91, 103
• 21. HandJe- •
Govemment proc·edure of preparing rate anafysls
Ordinary no 31 i) Total cost of materials =Rs. x
·
no 46 - u) Total cost of labo urers= Rs. y
22. Hold fast fl nos./kg) iii) Here,
.
kg 121
ail • Hire of tools and plants (3% of unskil led labours cost) = Rs. z
kg 109
:. Sub total (A)= Rs. (x + y + z)
23. 80/100 grade bitumen kg 92.6
iv) Here,
l-KMB-DIGO 55 bitumen kg 99.9 Contractor overhead and profit= 12% ofRs. A= Rs. 0.15A
ood kg 17 :. Total (B)= Rs. (A + 0.15A) = Rs. 1.15A
·te glazed porcelain clay 10 lit.
24. :istem complete set (internal
v) Here, ·
part of set .
· :istem P.V.C. littings)
3229.2 •
VAT (optional) (q = 13% ofRs. B = 13% ofRs.1.15A
•
25. Super color porcelain pan • = Rs. 0.1<BSA
580mmsize
:. Grand total = Rs. 1:299SA
4020
POU mm size NOTE •

24· �te glazed por 3090

celain clay 10 lit The rates are varies with time and location, but it is not necessary to provide
•
::�tern compJele set actual rate of an item in the exam. The numbers of tools and equipments and
(internal part of set
:-JStem P. V.C. fitting 3229.2 labourers used should be provided actual data i.e., norms and standards of Nep al
s)
for rate analysis.
-
•
•

. ·-
@_ I 0.&4 I ffJ*'· -�
 -- : ...
•

g an d costing Analysis of Rates� Chapter 41 67

of £5t1 rna t1 n
lc te M3nua l
I comP
[lT1iwTtlI1 ��1
•
66
W rks
•

- Pre par e the rate analysis of 100 m 2

cement plaster (1 : 4) of 12_5 mm thick
�_..
1 ,_ - . : : 4) per m 3. • on wall.
CC (1 2.
the r ate J nalysrs for p Solution:
PctpMe
Solution: Here,
Hrre, m J Quantity of plastering \\1ork = 100 n12
es of \\rork (P.C.C.) ::: 1 -
Total quantiti
•
. ,m
• cre ase SO% to 55%; •
125
i'}'\
:. . Volume of ,vet mortar= 1000 x 100 = 1.25 m3
d
ete mix
o g
ncr
T
of co
1.5
Ju m e
X1 =
•
o O · •1 n,ix
3
et
= 1.5 m First, increase 25% for filling in between joints and irregular surface to get
• Volume f drv
orti
•
on= 1 + 2 + 4 - 7 parts
Total part of mix prop total ,vet mix;
. ed _
-
17 x 1 50 = 0.214 m3 =0.214 x 28.8 = 6.16 bags Total ,vet n,ix = 1.25 x 1.25 = 1.5625 n,3
Ce men t req uir
To get dry volume of mortar 30% increase;
= J •
required= � x 1.50 0.428 n, Volume of d i'}' n,ortar = 1.30 x 1.5625 = 2031 m 3
•

Sand •
•
;
Aggregates required= x 1.50 0. 8 56 n, 3
= Total part of n,ix proportion= 1 + 4 = 5 parts
Cen,ent required=� x 2.031 = 0.�06 n, 3 = 0.406 x 28.8 = 11.69 bags
Let, ,vater cement ratio (W /C)= o.
•
55 •
••

.
\'Vater = o.55 x 6.16 x 50 = 169.94 lit. . Sand required=! x 2.031 = 1.624 n,3
Materials
i) Cement
•

= 6.16 bags @ Rs. 743 = Rs. 4576.88 Let, water cement ratio (W /C) = 0.8
Water= 0.8 � 11.69 x 50 = 467.7 lil
ii) Sand. = Q.428 m3 @ Rs. 2187.36 = Rs. 936.1901 •
A. Materials
iii) Aggregates • t:: 0.856 m3 @ Rs. 2399.04 1:: Rs. 2053.578 •
i) Cement 11.69 bags @ Rs. 743 c::: Rs. 8685.67
i\') \Valer
1=

=
I
I
1= 169.94 lit.@ Rs. 0.25 = Rs. 42.485
ii) Sand � 1.624 m3 @ Rs. 2187.36
• Sub-total (A) Rs. 7609.133
'R,s. 3552.273
t::
iii) Water = 467.7 lit. @ Rs. 0.25 r= Rs. 116.927
B• Labours Sub-total (A)r= Rs. 12354.87
i) Skilled
=
t:: 1 nos. @ Rs. 650 c::: Rs. 650
B. Labours •

ii) Unskilled 4 nos. @ Rs. 475 = Rs. 1900 i) Skilled � 12 nos. @ Rs. 650 =Rs. 7800
Sub-total (B) = Rs. 2550 ii) Unskilled c::: 16 nos. @ Rs. 475 ;::Rs,7600
Total (A+ B)= Rs. 10159.133
•

Sub-total (B)t= Rs. 15400

,.. Hire of tools and plants
@3% of unskilled
'-- •

• = 3% of Rs. 1900
•
Total (A+ B)= Rs. 27754.87
Hire of tools and plants
t=Rs. 57
labours
r-
'--

Total (A + B + C) = Rs. 10216.133 @ 3 % of unskilled r= 3% of Rs. 7600 i= Rs. 228.

D. Contractors overhead labours
•

and profit @15% of = 15% of Rs. 10216.133 •

total (A+ B + C1 = Rs. 1532.419 Total (A + B+ C) t= Rs. 27982.87

D. Contractors overhead •

Grand total (A+ B + C + D) = Rs. 11748.55 •

and profit@ 15% of 1= 15 % of Rs. 27982.87 t= Rs. 4197.431
Hence,
•
total . A + B + C
. Rate per cub,i metre = Rs. 117
: 48.55; excluding VAT •
• • Grand total (A + B + C + D)c::: Rs. 32180.3
• •

•
 •
I

ting Anatf51s of Rates eq,. Chapter 4 I 69

tJrlS and Cos
n� I of Estirna
e ,V.a
68 I (ornpJet Contractors overhead
• o.
•
exc ludin g V AT and profit@ 15% of i= 15% of Rs. 5841.93 - Rs. 876.29
=
f-{cnce, . metre :::: Rs, 32180.3; •

p e r i cu b1c total (A + B + C)
te Rs. 32180.3_
=
. Ra .. . ,
s qu are metre ::: - 100 . VAT
Rate per .8; excludi ng Grand total (A + B + C + D) Rs. 6718.225
::: Rs. 321 •

J-Icnce ,
Rate per cubic metre = Rs. 6718.225; excluding VAT
111m PII
I ,n . Rs. 6718·225
I , ....
t ic k P .C .C (1 : 2 : 4) p e r 1 0 m 2
. · Rate per square metre =
of rate f or 5 0 m m h 10
• Prepare an ana Iys1s
. •
= Rs. 671.8225; excluding VAT
' Solution:
I Here, . of P.C.C - _ 10 m2
•
N.OTI
I Required quantity •
Herc, if the thickness of P.C.C. is not given then we use number of skilled and
3
10 = ·0 .5 m unskilled labours as given in the norms and standards of Nepal rate analysis
Total ,,·et volume= 1��0 x·
• (clause 4.0, P.C.C. work) but if the thickness is given, we use the following •

vo lu m e of m ix , incr ea se 50% to 55 % ;
To get dry •
numbers of skilled and unskilled labours .
Volume of dr)' mortar= 1,5 X 0.5 = 0.7
3
5 n,
P.C.C. ,vork for 10 m 2 Number of Number of
Total part of n1ix proportion= 1 + 2 + 4 == 7 parts S.N. (thickness) skilled labours unskilled labours
3 = 0.107 X 28.8 = 3.085 bags
• Cement required= � x 0.7 5 = 0.1 07 m
••
1. 40 Olm 1 2
Sand r�uired= � x 0.75 = 0.214 m 3 2. •
45 mm 1.25 3
•
3. 50 mm
•
• 1.25 2.5
Aggregates required = ; x 0.75 = 0.428 m3 · •
•

Let, \Vater cement ratio fY'/ / C) = 0.5

\Vater = 0.5 x 3.0S5 x 50 = 77125 lit.
n:rrnrnrnm----------------- • •

• Prepare an analysis of rate for (1: 1.5: 3) P.C.C. for RAC.C. works per 10 m3 •
• A.. �1aterials
•
•
Solution:
• •
Here,
i) Cement = 3.085 bags @ Rs. 743 = Rs. 2292.155
�
Wet volun1e of P.C.C. for R.C.C. \\'orks = 10 m3
ii) Sand = 0.214 m3 @ Rs. 2187.36 •
1= Rs. 468.09
Increase 50% to 55% to get dry/unnuxcd volume;
= Rs. 1026.78
•
iii) Aggregates = 0.428 m @Rs. 2399.04
3 •
Dry volume of P.C.C. for R.C.C. works= 1.5 x 10 = 15 ml
• I

iv) \Vater i:: 77.125 lit. @ Rs. 0.25 •

= Rs. 19.28 Total part of mix proportion= 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5 parts
Sub-total (A)= Rs. 3806.31 .
1
Cement required = 5.5 x 15
'

=
• Labours
·
== 2.727 11,3 == 2.727 x 28.8 = 78.545 bags
H
i) Skilled 1.25 nos. @ Rs. 650 � Rs. 812.5
ii) Unskilled = 2.5 nos. @ Rs. 475 Sand required = x 15= 4.090 n\3
•
= Rs. 1187.5
•
Sub-total (B)=Rs.2000 · ired= � x 15= 8.181 m3
Aggregates rcqu
Total (A+ B) = Rs. 5806.31
I •

C. I-lire of tools and plants Let, ,vatcr cement ratio (\V /C) = 0.5
@3% of unskilled = 3% of Rs. 1187 5
•
Water= 0.5 x 78.545 x 50 == 1963.625 lit. •

labours = Rs. 35.625

• Steel reinforcement= 1 % of 10 n,3 = 0.1 n,3
•
Total (A+ B + C) == Rs. 5841.93 (If not gi,1en, assume 1 �{, of P.C.C. for R.C.C. of ·,vet volume)
•

�-. •
-
.... .,.....,..,,,...,,....
:.,, '
 • -
• It?" •
I

d CostJng
I of E5t 1mat1n9 an
- Analys1:; of Ra�es -c� Chapter 41 71
( complete N-anua
111mp1e 4.12 r;
70
•

•
HOfl . forcemen t :: 7850 kg
•
Prepare an anal sis of rate for 12 mm thick cement sand plaster (1 : 4) in
' steel rern
i
1m • ceiling per 10 m
Thus,
• o. 1 x 7850 = 785 kg Solution:
. 785 1 - 7 85 k g Here,
Binding '" 1 re == fOO x - · Total quantities of \>\'Ork= 10 m2
12
A. Materials
== 78.545 bags@ Rs. 743 == Rs. 58358.135 Total ,vet \ olume = 1000 x 10 = 0.12 m3
1

i) Cen,ent =
' Rs. 8946.302
� 4.090 n,3 @ Rs. 2187.36 First, increase 25% for filling in bch\·een joints and irregular surface;

=
ii) Sand •
= 8.181 m3 @ Rs. 2399.04 .: Rs. 19626.546 Total \vet n,ix = 1.25 x 0.12 = 0.15 mJ
iii) Aggregates
•
iv)\Vater 1%3.625 lit.@ Rs. 0.25 = Rs. 490.906 To g et dry \·olume of mortar, increase 30% to 35%;
•
� 7.85 kg@ Rs. 79.7 = Rs. 62564 .50 Dry volun,e = 1:3 x 0.15 = 0.195 m3
v) Reinforcement
t:: 7.85 kg @ Rs:94 = Rs. 737.90 Total part of n,ix proportion = 1 + 4 = 5 parts
,,i) Binding '"-'ire •
Sub-total (A)'= Rs. 15072.5.089 •
•• Cement required=� x 0.195 = 0.039 m3 = 0.039 x 28.8 = 1.1232 bags
B. Labours
Sand required = ; x 0.195 = 0.156 m3
i) Skilled � 8 nos. @ Rs. 650 = Rs. 5200 •

Let, ,vater cement ratio (W /C) ::; 0.8

ii) Unskilled = 70 nos. @ Rs. 475 = Rs.33250
Water= 0.5 x 1.1232 x 50 = 44.92 lit.
Sub-total (B) = Rs.38450 •
Total (A+ B)= }ts. 189175.089 IA.
-
Materials
•
,.. Hire of tools and plants
•
i) Cement t= 1.123 bags@ Rs. 743 '= Rs. 834.389
@ 3% of unskilled t::-3 % of Rs. 33250 t= Rs. 997.5
ii) Sand := 0.156 m3 @ Rs. 2187.36 � Rs. 341.228
labours • . ♦

Total (A+ B+ C) .:: Rs. 190172.589 iii) Water r= 44.92 Jit. @ Rs. 0.25 .:: Rs. 11.23
•

D. Contractors overhead Sub-total (A)� Rs. 1186.847

and profit@ 15% of = 15% of Rs. 190172.589 = Rs. 28525.888 8. Labours
total A + B + C1
i) Skilled � 1.2 nos. @ Rs. 650 '='Rs. 780
Grand total (A+ B+ C+ D) =, Rs. 218698.477
ii) Unskilled 1:= 2 nos. @ Rs. 475 1= Rs. 950
Hence,
Rate per 10 !113 of P.C.C. for R.c.,c. works = Rs. 218698.477 Sub-total (B)-= 1730
Rs.
•
•
Rate per 1 n13 of P.C.C. for R.C.C. �vorks Rs. 218698.477 Total (A+ B) = Rs. 2916.847
= -
10 C. Hire of tools and plants
•
•
•
= Rs. 21869.8477;
Excluding VAT
@ 3% of unskilled = 3% of Rs. 950 = Rs. 28.5
labours
NOT£
Total (A+ B + C) = Rs. 2945.347
•

In the norms and standards of N epa I ,o

r r rate analysis • ·
(given here in book)' p.C.C. •
D.
•
for RC. .C . works, the number of labours .
are gi. ven .an per cubic
Contractors overhead ,
meter but in our
question i.e., 10 ml so, for 10 ml. and profit @ 15% of = 15% of Rs. 2945.345 = Rs. 441.802

= Rs. 3387.149
Skilled labours = 0.8 x 10 =
8 nos. •
total (A + B + C)
r------..•
Unskilled labours = 7 x 10
= 70 nos. • Grand total (A+ B + C + D)
•

• •

• •
 • -
•

i
m a t1 n a ::..n::: d:...: C:: os� t� i
ns :.::::.---------
• u �Io�f�E=:ts � :: � ::..::g�
}._7�2_Jl�C�o�m�p�le�te�Ma�n�a --- Analysis of Rates -o. Chapte
r 41 73
•
•
Hence, •
Materials
n, 2 3387.149; excluding VAT '
Rate per 10 =
Rs. 3387.149 - i) Cement 1:= 2434 bags @ Rs. 743
= - Rs · 338�· 714·' Excluding VAT
2 • t= Rs. 1 808.462
Rate perm 10 ii) San d t:= 0.2535 ml @ Rs. 21.87.36 t= Rs. 54.495
5
iii) Bricks i:= 562 nos. @Rs. 1
0 t= Rs.5620
t( an arys is fo r ce iri ng p laste r (clause 8.0 plaster
In the norms an d standa rd s of ra
ill ed an d un sk illed labours are 1 00 m2 iv) Water t= 73.02 lil @ Rs. 0.25
t= Rs. 18.255
• work,.given in this book), the nu m be rs of sk
is 12 no s. and 2 0 nos. re spec tively; th us , for 10 m 2
,
• Sub-total (A)t= Rs. 800L213
12
Skirled fabours = 100 x 10 = 1�2 nos. B. Labours
•

• 0 i) Skilled • t= 1.5 nos.@ Rs. 650 =Rs.975

Unskilled labours = � X 10 = 2 nos.
1 0 ii) Unskilled = 22 nos. @ Rs. 475 t= Rs. 1045
•
iii) Helper = 0.7 ,nos. @ Rs. 475 � Rs. 3325
E1amo1e 4.13
•

- Sub-total (B)t= Rs. 2352.5

Prepare an analysis of rate for brick work in 1 : 3 cement mortar for first
Total (A+ B)t= Rs. 10353.71
floor (i.e., superstructure) per m3• Assume size of brick is 230 mm X 110
mm :x 55 mm and the thickness of mortar jojnt is 10 mm. Hire of tools and plants
,.. @ 3% of unskilled c: 3% of Rs. 1045
Solut· ion; •
.labours
Here:, • ••
-t--------L----- - - ----1� - - _J
Total (A+ B + C)t= Rs. 10385.06
Brick size= 230 mm. x 110 mnt x 55 mm • •

Brick size \\'ith mortar= 240 mm x 120 mm x 65 mm D. Contractors• overhead•

and pro(it@ 15% of � 15% of Rs. 10385.06 t:= Rs. 1557.759
Volume of brick work
Number of brick required=
Volume of brick with mortar total (A + B + q
•
1 Grand total (A+ B+ C + D)t= Rs. 1194282
5 = 534 · 18 no s. ·
' = 240 x 1 20
· x6
Hence,
Add 5% l\rastage; · •
Rate per m3 = 11942.82; excluding VAT
:. Brick required = 1.05 x 535 = 562 nos. •

=
Volume of wet mortar Total brick work - Actual volume of brick NOTE
For ground floor level. total number of helpers is 0.2 nos. per cubic meter. But. in
(i.e:, without mortar) the first floor. total number of helpers is 0.7 nos. per cubic meter.
'
= 1 -534.18(0.230 X 0.110 X 0.055) •

=
•
0.26 m3 �
To get dry volun,e of mortar, increase 30% to 35%; . •

:. Dry volume of mortar = 1.3 x 0.26 0.338 ·m 3 = •

Prepare an analysis of rate for 10 m3 of stone masonry in 1 : 6 cemient
mortar ratio in the foundation.
Total part of mix proportion= 1 + 3 4 p�rts = Solution:
••• Cemen t required = ¾ x 0.338 = 0.0845 nt = 0.0845 x .28.8
3 Here, •

Volume of stone masonl'}' = 10 m3

= 2434 bags
¾
Now, to get tl,e vo!un,e of sto�e, increase 15% to 20% due to \,,astage and
Sand re�uired = x 0..338 = 0.2.5 •
dressing during placing; ·
65 n,3 •

.-.
•
Let, ,vater cement ratio (\V/ Volume of stone= 10 x 1.15 = 11.50 m3
C) == 0.6
Water = 0.6 x 2434 x 50 = A�ain, take volume of dry mortar 30% to 40% volun\e of stone masonry due
73.0 2 lit. to irregular shape and size of stone available;
• •

•
 •
•
• •
•
ng and costi ng Analysis of Rates ag, Chapter 41 75
of Esti mati
l
e
te Mdfllll I
1, I comp
% of work qua nti ty Volume of sal ,vood ,vithout wastage= 1.1 x 1
ty mort ar _ 40
voiume of d : •

0.4 x 10 = 4 m3
••• • •
= 1.1 m1
•
•

l part o f o prop
u. x ort ion = 1 6 = 7 parts + •
M.S. hold fast= 92 nos. (since, for 1.1 m3 ]
Tota Screws = 184 nos.
1 057 3 = 0.57 x 28.8 == 16.45 bags [since, for 1.1 m3 )
ur ,
.red -
- 7 , x 4 = m
•
•• Cement req
3
•
lA. Materials
uire d = ; x 057 = 3.42 m
Sand req i) Sal \vood t= 1.1 m3 @ Rs. 190727.12 = Rs. 209799.832
Let, '"ater cem ent ratio (W / q = 0.6
ii) M.S. hold fast = 92 nos.@ Rs. 17.28
Wate r= 0.6 x 16.45 X 50 493.=5 lit. • = Rs. 1589.76
iii) Screws t= 184 nos. @ Rs. 25 Rs.460
.....
IA. Materials Sub-total (A) = Rs. 211S49592
i) Cement t= 16.45 bags@Rs. 743- = Rs. 12222.35 -
- B. Labours
•
ii) Sand = 3.42 m @Rs. 2187.36
3 t= Rs. 7480.771

=
i) Skilled t=34 nos.@ Rs. 650 =Rs.22100
=
=
ill) Stone t= 11.5 m3 nos. @ Rs. 1975.� Rs. 22720.32 •
1
. - ii) Unskilled � 10 x 34 nos. @ Rs. 475 Rs. 1615
iv) Water � 493.5 lil @Rs. 0.25 Rs. 123.375
Sub-total (B) .:: Rs. .23715
=
Sub-total (A =Rs. 42546.82
B. Labours •
I
Total (A+ B) Rs. 235564.592
i) Skilled t= 15 nos. @ Rs. 650 =Rs.9750 C. Hire of tools and plants
, ii) Unskilled • t= 50 no�. @ Rs. 475 = Rs. 23750 @3% of unskilled '= 3% of Rs:1615 t:: Rs. 48.45
• • labours
Sub-total (B '=Rs.33500
•

=
•
•

• Total (A+ B ,=: Rs. 76046.82 Total (A+ B+ C) Rs. 235613.042

-
=
,.. Hire of tools and plants • D. Contractors overhead
@ 3 % of unskilled• � 3% of Rs. 23750 Rs. 7125 and profit @ 15% of t= 15% of Rs. 235613.042 t= Rs. 35341.956
labours . • • total (A + B + q •
' Total (A + B + C '= Rs. 76759.32 Grand total (A+ B + C + D)t:: Rs. 270954.998
•

D.
•

Contractors overhead
•

• •
and profit@15 % of = 15% of Rs. 76759.32
He��
� Rs.11513.90 Rate per 10 m3 = Rs. 270954.998; excluding VAT
total (A -f B + C) •

+
•
Grand total (A B + C + D = Rs. 88273.21
•
Hence,
• armmtQDI.._____· ______________
. Rat
= Rs. 88 2?3.21; excluding VAT
• •
e per 10 ml Prepare an analysis of rate for steel reinforcement for R.C.C. works p er
• MT. ,
lxample 4:15-:•. Solution:
• Prepare an analysis of rate fo Here,
r sal wood for do ors and wind
=
•

cubic meter. ows frame per · Steel rods of various sizes 1 MT (n,etric ton)
Solution: Add, 5% ,vastage,
Here,
• Total an,ount of steel ,vo rks = 1.05 x 1
Quantity of sal wood ==
1 m3 1.05 MT =
. Add, 10% ,vastage, • • 13inding ,vires = 10 kg (since, fo r l MT steel ,vorks)
•
,
•
 •
•
cos t·I n g
Est1 matrn9 a nd
&Asnua l of Anatys1s of Rates� Chapter 41 77
76 I comPietc ,....,
--....
•
,
,.. Equipments
Materiab
•
::: l.0 5 MT @Rs. 797 00 Rs.83685
= 0.028 hr.@ Rs. 1000 =
�

i) srecJ rods i) Road roller Rs. 28

= Rs. 940 --....
� 10 kg@Rs. 94
•
J{ire of tools and
ii) Bin din g wires
Sub-total (A)r ,Rs. 84625 � D. plants @ 3•/0 of
= 3% of Rs. 66.50 = Rs. 2
-
•
-
-... unskilled labours cost
==: Rs. 1.995
•

Contractor's oveThead
• NOTE
- 1000 kg
t MT - -
-
E.
and profit @15 °/, of
total (A + B + C + D)
..
= 15% of Rs. 326 = Rs. 48.9

B. Labours • Grand total (A + B + C + D + E)p Rs. 374.90

i) Skilled � 12 nos. @Rs. 650 � Rs. 7800
�.12 nos.@Rs. 475 =Rs. 5700 Je{ nce,
, ii) Unskilled Rate per square meter= Rs. 374.90; excluding VAT
Sub-total (B: = Rs.13500 •

Total (A+ B' = Rs. 98125 Example 4.18 •

Hire of tools and plants • Prepare the rate analysis for 40 mm thick. premix asphalt concrete
@3% of unskilled =3% of Rs. 5700 = Rs. 171 including com pa ctio n for 10 m2•

labours Solution:
•
•
•
Total (A+ B + C Rs. 98296
• = Here,
D. Contractors overhead Volume of '40 mm thick asphalt premixed= � x 10 = 0.4 m 3
and profit@ 15% of = 15% of Rs. 98296 '= Rs. 14744.4 1
total {A + B + q • Add, 40%·to 50% for loose volume;
= 0.56 m
•

Grand total (A + B + C + D)� Rs. 113040.4 i.e., 0.4 x 1.4 3

•
•

Hence,
• • Materials
Rate per MT = Rs: 113040.4; excluding VAT i) Bitumen • = 9.6 kg @ Rs. 85 = Rs. 816
4.6.2.2Road Works . , ii) Kerosene t= LS. = Rs. 100 t= Rs. 100
• •
iii) Wood (4, 16, 24 kg) =4 kg@Rs. 22 = Rs. 88
= Rs. 138.297
•
lxamule 4.11
· - iii) Coarse sand = 0.07 m3 @ Rs. 1975.68
•

Prepare an analysis of rate for providin la

,

ying and consolidation o f 10

cm thick compacted approved size gravel
g, Sub-total (A = Rs. 1142 '297
in sub-grade per square meter.
Solution: 8. Labours
F 0.45 nos. @ Rs. 475
•

• Here, •
i) Unskilled = Rs. 213.75
•

Sub-total (B l= Rs. 213.75

•

Volume of gravel for sub-grade

- . l
- 100O x 1 -
- o · 1 n, 3
,...
Add, 30%-40%; •
� Equipments
i) Roller � 0.04 hr. of Rs. 1000 = Rs. 40
= 1.35 x 0.1 = 0.135 m3
•

Loose vo lume of gravel

i) Boiler and sprayer = 0.04 hr. of Rs. 475 = Rs. 19
IA. Materials • • •

• Sub-total (C)t= Rs. 59

i) \Vell graded grav
e l � 0.135 m3 @ Rs. 1700 • D Hire of tools and plants
B. I
Labours :: Rs. 229.50
@3% of unskilled = 3% of Rs. 213.75 =Rs. 6.4125
•

i) Unskilled labours cost

- = 0.14 nos.@ Rs. 475
� Rs. 66.50 Total (A + B + C + D � Rs. 1421.459
•

•
•
 •
•

• •

mating an d Cos ti ng Anatysis of Rates� Chapter 4 I 79

nual of Esti
78 I Comp lete Ma

=
......
-
Cont rac tors ov erh ea d
142 1.459 = .Rs. 213.218 �. Labours
d
=
E.
of = 15% of Rs. j) Ski lle • 3 nos. @ Rs. 650 = Rs. 1950
and profit@ 15 %
total (A + B + C + D) "' ii) Unskilled = 3 nos.@ Rs.475 Rs. 1425
Tot al (A + B + C + D + E = R s. 1634. 77
6
Sub-total (B) =Rs.3375
· C }-{ire of tooJs and plants@ 3%
. Hence, AT illed labours cost = 3% of Rs. 1425 = Rs. 4275
m2 = Rs . 1634.677; exclu 1n
d. g V of unsk
�ate per 1 0
Total (A+ B + q= Rs.19004.75
• " .
W
\

ate r Sup ply W ork s ·

4.6 .2.JSa nlta ry an d . •

. Con
tractor's overhead and profil
= 15% of Rs. 19004.75 = Rs. 2850.71
+q
•
@15% of total (A+ B
Grand total (A + B + C + D)� Rs.. 21855.46

Hence,
•
• •
CoaLealed pipe line Rate p)er nos. ::: Rs. 21855.46; excluding VAT
, •
• •
•
•
•

Commode cm·er
•
Prep are an analysis of rate for prov idin g and f0011 g W.C .. pan with [ow
Cornrting.
pipe • . level ci.stern per number.
•
. Con:raJed pipe line
•
Commode •
•
Cbw.,
• •
•
'
• •
•
•

- ..
, - •
Solution: • ' •
•

• •
...
-

• • �

lA.. Materials
•
.. •
•• •
•
• •
•
i) White glazed ceramic clay •
•
• •

W .C. commode with P or S- = 1 nos.@ Rs. 7854 = Rs.7854 •

•
••
•
trap • •

Solution:
•
ii) White g� ceramic clay 10 •
•
• lit capacity low level cistern = 1 nos. @ Rs. 3230 t= Rs, 3230 A. • Materials •

=
with complete accessories •
•
i) White glazed ceramic clay •
•
• iii) Commode cover with C.P. .
W.C. Orisa pan ,vith P and = 1 nos. @ Rs.3090 =Rs.3090
hinge· 1 nos. @ Rs. 2200 = Rs. 2200 ..
• S-trap • •

iv) C.P.angle valve (Blue star or

equivalent) = 1 nos. @ Rs.1098 1098 =Rs. ii) White glazed ceran1ic clay
10 lit.capacity low level = 1 nos. @ Rs.3230 = Rs.3230
v) P.V.C. pipe connector with
coupling = 1 nos.@ Rs.290 = cistern ,vith complete

=
Rs.290 accessories

=
vi) 32mm dia• p•v• c• WJ'th
•
•

coupling = 1 nos.@ Rs.315'

•
iii) C.P.angle_,•alve (Blue star = 1 nos.@ Rs. 1098 Rs. 1098

=
•
• Rs.315 or equivalent)
vii)Pipe tap e, cla mp, scre
• -L
ws, etc. - S. Rs.600 . iv) P.V.C. pipe connector ,vith = 1 nos.@ Rs.315 = Rs. 315
Sub-total (A)= Rs.15587 coupling
•
•
•
 •

and C os t ----
-
t ma� t� i
ng � .:::..: := .:..:. .:....;i
ng:::.----
SSOQ___ll C�om�p�let�e:_!_Ma�nua�I.o�f�Es� i� -----......_ .Analysis of Rates� Chapter 4 f 81
-
etc. � �- = Rs. 60()
•
, scre,,r s,
v) Pipe tl� damp b-total (A ) = Rs.1 -...... •
Su 1998 are n a nalysis
•
rrep a of rate for providing and fixing wash basin per nos .
Labours
= = Rs. 1950
•

B.
i) Skilled
•

t:::
3 nos. @ Rs. 650
3 nos.@ Rs. 475 l= Rs. 1425 -- •
ii) Unskilled .
Sub-total CB. = Rs. 3375 .......
·. 0

=
•

,...
' Hire of tools and plants@ 3 % 3% of Rs. 1425 = Rs. 4275 •
Bottle 1trap

of unskilled labours cost

Total (A +B + - Rs. 15415 .,S • • •

•
• Contractor's overhead and =15%. of Rs. 15415.75 = Rs. 231236
profit@15% of total (A+B+q Solution:
Grand total (A + B + C + D)I= Rs. 17758.tI
•

Materials
=
• •

•
.
Hence, i) White glazed cerarn ic clay = 1 nos. @ Rs. 994 Rs. 994

=
•

• Rate per nos. = Rs. 17758.11; excluding• VAT • 500 x 400 size basin
•
• ii) C.P. pillar cock 1 nos.@ Rs. 115 = Rs.115
Example 4.21 - iii) C.P. angle valve (Blue star
= l nos.@Rs. 1098
-
= Rs.1098
Prepare an analysis of rate for providing and laying 15 mm ♦ G.L pip e per or equivalent)
•
mnn1ng meter. iv) P.V.C. pipe connecto r with
=1 nos.@ Rs. 290 � Rs. 290
Solution: coupling
=
•

=
c•

IA. Materials ' v) 32 mm dia.waste pipe

• 1 nos.@Rs. 31 5 = Rs. 315
I

i) 15 mm dia. G.I. pipe with coupling •

=1 m@Rs. 250 Rs. 250

=
•
• vi) Pipe tape, clamp, screw,
ii) G.I. fittings (elbow, bend, tee,
= LS. (20% to 30%) etc.
=LS. = Rs. 600
Rs. ·75
etc.)
=
•

· fu") Pipe tape, clamp, screws, etc. = L.S. (5% to7%) Sub-total (A) Rs.«12
•
= Rs. 17.50

= ==
•

•
Sub-total (A, - Rs. 342.50 B. Labours
1
B. Labours • i) Skilled 2 nos. @ Rs. 650 Rs.1300

= Rs. 117
=
i) Skilled =0.1 8 nos.@Rs. 650 ii) Unskilled = 2 nos.@ Rs. 475 Rs. 950
ii) Unskilled 0.16 nos.@ Rs. 475 =Rs.76 • Sub-total (B) = Rs.2250
Hire of tools and plan ts @ 3 % of
-
Sub-total (B t= Rs.193 C. Hire of toots and plants @ 3 % = 3% of Rs. 950
of unskilled labours cost
Rs. 285 =
=
�

.
unskilled labours cost = 3 % of Rs. 76 Rs. 2.28 Total (A + B + C) = Rs. 6690.5
=
•

Total (A+ B + = Rs. 5377. 8 • Contractor's overhead and 15% of Rs. 6690.5 = Rs. 1003.575
=
D. Co.ntractor's overhead and p profit@15% of total (A+B+q
rofit
@ 15% of total (A+B+q � 15% of Rs. 537.78
= Rs. 80.667 Grand total (A+ B + C D Rs.7694.075 +
•
.

Grand total (A + B + C + Hence,

•
Hence, ' D ' = Rs. 618.4S
Rate per running me t
er = Rs. 618.45;
· excludin
Rate per nos. = Rs. 7694.05; excluding VAT
g VAT
~

•
•

•
• •
•
•
 •
' •
•

if d Costi ng
II nu a I o f Est i mating an
I complete Ma
ol'i

I 82 Anatysis of Rates..:;. Chapter 41 83

OL E D P R D B lf M S What is analysis of rates? Write the requirements of rate analysis .

4.7 S V
•
thi a ph alt ncr . 1 0 . .
1 . f f or 40 mm c k s co et (20 71
ar e an a na Y , ·
1. - Prep aishakh 2068 Ba1shakh)
an]
sol n
raw
uti of examp� 4.1 and 4.4
Sh
B f� o
•at
063
e
, [2 o n:
•
i
'
ut
0
• l
518
m o
•

we 3ri ng co at p er 10 S Su
• Ca• fhc SOfufioM of examp le
� 4- the analysis of rates for 12 mm thick 1 : 4 cement plastering
Sol uh o�
18

,
are
11. Pre
•

em 0 m •
p
wh h aff e ct th e pr i ce of an it on ce ilin g p er 1 z [2071 Shrawan]
. cuss bne . flY th· e f ado rs ic u n it of
2. Dis [2 068 Ch aitr u ti o n : f� so lut io n of example 4.12
k. · · a) S o l S u
wor
j solut ion of ex am p le 4.5 · Expl ain vario us rs which affect the rate analysis. (2071 Chaitra)
Sol utio n: � the 1 2. facto
in m o rt ar n So l utio n: the sol uti on of exam ple 4.5
P ; e an an al ys is of ra te of b ri de Il'.! DIY 1 5 i
SU
re
:
. 130 x 65
35 0

rtu . As s um e si ze of bri de 240 x � ilnd Prepare rate analysis for ZO mm thick cement sand plaster (1: 4) in
rst ru re
ar
3 sup e 20 68 B ai t3 .
sh akh )
•

thickness of mortar jo in t is 12 m m . 1 wall per 100 m 2•

[2071 Oiaitra]
ion of ex am ple 4. solu tio n of exampl e 4 .9
.,
so lut t'he
•

Solution: Su the 13
So lution: Su
.C com m d e w it h lo w l
al ys is of ra te fo r � � �vel
•

4. Pr ep ar e an an . NOTE
m ber : [206 7 Asb w m, 206 8 B aish akh , 2068 Ch aitra]
J cisletll per nu
•

for 10 m2;
Solution: Su the solution of examp le 4.19 Skilled labours = 12 nos.
'
Prepare an anaiysis of r�te £or SO mm thi�k (1 : 1.5 : 3) in floor.
Unskilled labours= 16 nos.
5.
•
•

· (2068 Chaitra] What is rate analysis? Write importance of rate analysis. (2072Karlik]
14.
Solution: Su the soltnion of example 4.10 , - · ,r •
Solution: Su the solution of �ample 4.1 and 4.3

6. Prepare on rate analysis for P.C.C. (1: 2: 4) for P.C.C. work in floor 15. · Prepare the rate analysis for following items of work. [2072Ka.rtik)
slab. • . [2069 Chaitra) i) Brick work in (1: 6) cement mortar in ground floor level..
Solution: Su the solution of example 4.8 · ii) 2� mm !hick premix carpeting in a wearing course.
Solution:
7. What is rate analysis? What are the requ}rements of rate analysis? · i) Brick work in (1: 6) cement mortar in ground floor level
· �Oro���) Su the solution of example 4.13
Solution: Su the solution of example 4.1 and 4.4 ii) 20mm thick premix carpeting in a wearing course..
Su the solution of example 4.18
8. What are the purposes· of rate analysis?
•

(2070ChaitraJ
•

Solution: � the solution of example 4.2 16. Why is rate analysis necessary in civil engineering works?
•

..
' . [2072Chaitra]
9. �epar� an analysis of rate of the followings: (.2070 Chaitra]
1e 4
Solution: See t� solution of vcamp1 4.
•

· 1) . 1 11 class brick work in 1-: 6 C.S•

•

. . m o r t ar . p
. e r·m .
�.)- 25 mm truck premix carpeting p 17. What are the purposes of analysis of rate? Which points are taken
3 •

er m2.
W.C. com.mode low level c into consideration ,vhile preparing analysis of rate? (2073 Shra,van]
Soluti:� is t e rn pernumber.
Solution: See the solu1ion of example 4. 2 and 4.5
1 • class brick work i n 1•
• 6- ' -s • mortar perml
•
�
•
i)
.
Su the.solutton of example Prepare an analysis of rate for 12 mm thick cement plaster (1: 3) in
•

4_13 ·
18.
ii) 25 mm thi· ck pre ceiling per 10 m2• [2073 Shrawan]
mi· x carpe...,,n
: g perm 2 · Solution: See the solution of vcamp1e 4.12
Su t ht soluti on of £X ...
an,ple '4.IS
•

iii) W.C. commode

•

19.
•

low level cistem What are the imp ortances of analysis of rates ? Explain the factors
See the solution of £X per number.
an,ple 4.19 •
that affect rate analysis. (2073 Chaitra]
Solution; See the solution of example 4.3 and 4.5
•

•
 •
• •

•
and costing
\ of Est1rnatins Analysis of Rates � Ch a pt er 4 I
• A!!Onl "'' 85
I complete (VP� ..
cla s s b n ck w o rk m 1••
. 6 C . S rn o "
a tysis [or I h e 1st 4 ,1
, What are th e factors on which the unit rates of particular item of
rrepare rate ;111 [2073 Cha
•
itr�j work depends? ..
2£). [2074 Ashw·m. J
so fuf i< , n of txam p lc 4. 13 - SU the definition part 4.5
o n= Sa t ht
Soluti
n g a s p e r n o rms o f N ep al
n a l sis o f th e f a ll o wi rrepare an analysis of rate for W.C. pan with low level cistern.
•
Pre ar ra te a Y
21 · • p e [2073 Ch ai· tra
}
• � • o r cu tn (2074. Ashwin)
· • C · S m ort ar tn fo u n d ati n fo 1 .
i) 1- ,Jas s b n ·c 1c ·
J n t • 6 • • • •
•
AJ\S! SU the solution of vcamplt 4.20
bi tu m e n p re m ix ca rp eti n g i n a w e anng coat of
ii ) 20 m m th ic k a
road for 1 sq. DL 28. . Prepare rate analysis of plain cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4). Assume -
suitable rates of labour and materials. [2074 Chaitra, 2075 Ashwin]
Solution= undatio n fo r 1 cu. Ill.
br ick in 1 : 6 C : S mortar in fo · Su the solution of example 4.8
i) 1.e class Ans :
See the solution of example 4.13
• •
•

29. Prepare an analysis of rate for 12.5 mm thick plastering work in 1

NOTE •
4 qs mortar in ceiling. . [P.U. 2017]
For foundation; • Ans: Su the solution of exampl� 4.12
Number of hefper = 0.2 nosJm3
•

30. Define rate analysis. What are the factors which affect the rate of an
ii) 20 mm thick bitumen premix carpeting i_n a wearing coat of a ite m? (P.U. 2017]
•
road for 1 sq. m. . · . Ans: Su the definition part 4.� and 4.5
Su the solution of example 4.18 . ·
• • •

NOTE
•
31. Pr�pare a rate analysis as per GON format for first class brickwork
..
in cement sand mortar (1 : 6) in superstructure walls. [P.U. 2017]
I
•

See the clause num�r 14 and 15 for materials and equipments.

•
•
•
Ans: See the solution of examplr. 4.13
• •

22. Write down the purpose and factor affecting rate analysis. (P.U. 2014}
Solution: Su. the solution of t.Xafflp1 le 4.2 and �.5 32. . Prepare an analysis of rate for P.C.C.. (1 : 3 : 6) unit of analysis per •

• •
•
•
•
m3 • (P.U. 2017]
23. Define rte an�sia and its requirements? List the factors affeding Ans: Su the solution of example 4.8 •
·
•
the rate analysis. [P.U. 201S]
I
•

Solution: Su the solution of example 4.1, 4.4 and 4.5 33. Prepare rate analysis of briclcwork per m1 on superstructure. Assume
•
suitable rates for materials and labour. Given: number of skill labour
2'- Prepare rate .analysis of 100 m3 M20 grade concrete for R. · per 10 m3 = 15, number of unskilled labour per m3 = 2.2, number of
. Assume suit C.C. work. •
able rtes for materials and labours . Given: labour for scaffol�ing per 10 m3 = 0.7 [P.U. 2018)
Number of slcilled labour per ml • • • Ans: Su the solution of example 4.13 •
Number of unskilled labour p�r ml
olu . [P.U. 2015]
� ti on: Su tht so lution of vcamp1e 4.11
•
• 34. Define rate analysis and requirements? [P.U. 2018)
•

NOTE •
•
Ans: Su the definition part 4.1 and 4.4 •
•

_
For •100;m�• ____________
3
_____, •
•
•
35 Explain the significance of analysis of rates in civil engineering
Number of skilled labours
• = 0.8 X 100 = 80
•
projects. What are requirements for analysis of rates? (2075 Chaitra]
Number of unskilled labo •
•
urs = 7 X 100 = 700 Ans: Su the definition part 4.3 and 4.4
25. ' •

�rep�e an analysis of rate for • •

12.S . .
nun thick plastering work (1 4) 36. Prepare analysis of rate for 25 mm thick 1 : 2 : 4 for cement concrete
lJ\ ceiling.
:
Solution· 5u the·so 1 ut,o. • [P.U. 2016) floor 100 m2 • (Assume suitable rate) [2075 Chaitra]
n of example 4_12 .
• •
Ans: Su the solution of example 4.10
•
• , •
•

.
- ·- •a::
'
 • .-.-.. -•-;&&SS#JW&U-- it# t•H =- ••
I •

• nd costing
rw, a
•

of Esti.rnct t'
Project EstJmate -o-. Chapter 5 I
" ·�
87
•
f complete �I
•
-
•

NOi TE
•
•

2 : 4 P.C .C .
,c k 1 :
1
h.
==
t
for25 mm u rs
•

f sk ille d la bo
•

Nornt,er o
-
•
bo urs
•

lle d la
•

f u n ski .
_ 2
LA r o
• •

N
1 urn�
act o rs o n w hi ch
.apter
•

· yst• S of rate'. enti M on va r io u s f tht

•

,n. a t • an a nal d ep e n d s a � d a l so m en ti on
•
•
n ,, • u1 ar. · t e m o f w or k th
unit rate of part1c
IS •

[20 7
31.
6 A sh .
•

o f rat 1 e anal
. Y5 . · Wi n i
ose ,
'
varioU9 p u rp
•

18

par t 4.1 , 4. 5 o nd 4.
tht def inition
2
SU

m m t hic k P .C. C. (1 : 2 : 4 ) in fl 00t

ly
n an a s s i o f r at e for 40
38•. Pre p ar e a (2076 Ashwin\ •
per . m .
•

'l.

on of ex amp� 4.10
Ans: Su 1h£ soluti •
•
•
•

NOii
•

e (w e t) = 1 = 0.04 m
Total volum
40 3
X 5.1 DERNITIDN OF PROJECT
Project is a great opportunity for an organiz:ati.ons and indi,,iduals to
1000

N um be r of sk illed la b o u rs = 1
•

achieve their business and non-business objectives mo re efficiently through

•
•

= 2 implementing change. Projects help us make desired change in an organized

•

Num be r o f u n sk il le d la bo urs ·
manner and ,vith reduced probability of failure. Projects enhance the social
• and economic development of society and country.
•
•
• •
• •
•

According to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), "A projecf

•

can be defined as a temporary endeavor under taken to create a unique

• •

•
• •
product or service." A project is temporal")' in t.lu1t it ht1s defined beginning
and end in time and therefore defined scope and resources. So a project is
•

• •
•

specific, finite actiyity that p roduces an observable and measurable .esult

•
•

under cetlain preset requirements.

•
•
• •

Simply project may be defmed as planned set of interrelated ta.5ks to be executed

' • I
•

•
over a fixed pericxl and within certain cost, resource and other limitation.
•
•
•
•

Characteristics of project •

The project characteristics are;

•
•
,
i) Specific objectives
•

Project consists of set of predefined objectives. Tl1e project \,·ill be completed

•
• ..
p roject
•

,vhen· all the objectives are acl1iev cd . He nc e, th e ob jec tiv es lea d th e

br idg
I

a
•

tO\\rards the end result. If an objec tiv e of a pr ojec t is co ns tru cti on of e

the br id ge co 1
m pl et ed th e p je ct
in a river. Tl1cn once th� construction of
•
is ro
•

comes to U1e end.

•

iq . F
ii)
ar e n
Unique
No tw o projects are similar in all aspects proje ct _ �
•

•
i.e., u ue r

ed bu t th ey ar e d if fe re n t 1n
exam ple, many road projects have been develop
•

each other in location, design, finance, etc.

•

• •

• • •
•

. . .. . .
•
• I f�h# J ft L I f)&(.,CJ
. . ... .-
2
f'
_a ""$!·• e,
... ...
i�?e,\1".!ij@(
<
1�
.-a:
 ... •

a nd costi n9 ProJect Estimate 90\ Ch apter 5

esti rnalin9 I
•

�I of 89
omP,ete
IC
•

ein co ns ume d
S8
. ) Reso ur ce b g
. pcfinitt tfrnc �ft f ver. They should have definite time lirn· . .
xui
n u e t are co n sum ed for the completion of a project. Proper
� rojed ma)' .;o c 11 t o n ��onstruction of highway between t\ an� ��' eso ur ces
p d time. For exa mple . ::ge�ent is required for optimize the use of resource.
ed en ' h ti m e 3 m on th is tim e lim it an d p ts
fi,x on th . H e n c e t e . . .
th
ro Jett
m
e
ti m ated a s 3 e of a ec t ,v1l l c CT
es a te r 3 mo ntl L Th nte nan c e pro J on t t M
ESTI A TE FD R A PR OJE
ed
i
et
ma
\fill be c o m p J f . n u , :J. r a project inv olves the follo\ving stages:
as a p ro1 ect. mat e f
r So it is n ot tak e n · ;e e sti
•
f,ore,,e .
o
•

pr eli m ina ry stage

Iv) ream wor1c ·
f I e wt·th different person i)
ro jec t req u ires ma ny o pe op "A in clud es : . . . .
It .
mbe
p
nu r
A f or the succ�s ful co mp Ieti· on o •u11:l
ialittd They sh o ul d w or k as a te a m f� Pr elim inary investigation \Vh1ch mcludes reconnaissance survey,
an ag e su p r, labour , etc shou�
a)
in a fac t ry m , location survey, p rocuren,ent of land and its soil testing.
pr;:jed for example;
5
o r eM So

work as a team to pro du ce t he pr od uc

· t Pre p ara tion of preliminary estimate for the administrative approval.
b)
su rv ey
•

c) · D eta ile d of the si te .

v) Constraints
ott in g and dra\ving \Vork sh10\ving position of existing structure,
A project should be complete within the constraints of time, cost and quali� d) Pl
i.it., limited boundary of deadline, money and quality specification. service line, etc.
· of s ite for economical alig nn\ent in case of road or canal
Hon repetitive · e)
tion
vi)
Selec
The task in a project is not done repeatedly. For example; once tl1e footing in
\Vork.
Working out requirements-number, type and size of building in case
a building is completed, again same footing is not constructed.
�f building project, \\'ater way for bridge.
vii) · Life cyde phases •

A project undergoes through different life cycle for successful comp letion. U) Land Acquisition Stage
They are; The calculatic;,n for area of land to be ac quired for road or canal or other
Feasibility study
•
various projects.
.. Detailed study
• •
. ' • •
•
•

Drawing stage and estimate

Implementation/ construction
•
iiQ .
a) Detailed design of various structures to be provided ,vith
Handover •
•

. design parameters and detailed calcula ti ons. •

. viiij Planning and scheduling

•
•

Preparation of detailed ,vorking dra,vings consisting of plan,

•

b)
Plann_ing is concerned with d evelopment of sections, elevations, structural and other servic·e dra,ving.s.
a project. It is also essential for
eff�ve mana�ement of a project Sch
eduling controls the delay and c) Preparation of site plan fror building and for road or irrigation
predicts the pro1ect completion lime. . project key map, index map, detailed location,, survey plan and
ix) . Contracting and sub contracti •
•
ng .
•
longitudinal section and cross-section are required. •
To bnng the legality in agreeme d) Preparation of detailed specifications for the items of \-\'orks.
nt contra.cting is required an
•

projects are contract based. For co d most of the

mp1ex project sub contracting e) Quantitv estimate of different items of Yt'Ork ..
is also required
x) Beneficiaries {User) f) Working out the rate analysis of different items of ,vork.
• �
•
•
As the project delivers pr Preparation of detailed est imate and abstract of cost.
od uct or service at the g)
beneficiaries ,vho use completion of project, it has h) Preparation of gen eral abstract of cost for the \vhole project.
. this pro· d uct or serv .
construction pr oject, ro . . . i c e • exa,nple; m a road
ad users are ben ef 1c1 For i) \i\Torking out B/C ratio especially for irrigation project.
•

ar1es.
xi� Rlsk and uncertainties • . j) Purchase of different materials and equipments.
R1Sk and uncertainti
es a . e with proje k) Estimate for temporary accon,modation for office, staff q uarters ,
uncertainty in a pro1· ct. There will be
. ect wn hi�ch ten ds to many risk and workman, etc.
and nsk manageme distract th e project.
nt is required to . . Proper planning 1) Technical re port of project.
tackle such nsk a
xii) Rapid oi>e n d uncertainties. :he follow in� papers are provided in prbject estiffiate:
ndlture
As tLile project
. req u. ed d. fe l) Report
timeframe, the le-vel f u � rent kinds of .
•

. o exp enditure resourcei. within limited Design dat3.M�d calculation of design

•

is very high. · Ut}

��
Specification ,_
• •

•
• •

•
•
--
 -.u,

•
at1ng and Costing
MoflUd I o f Est1m
I
90 I complete ProJect Estimate� Chapter 5 I 91
su re m en t, q u a n titi e s a n d r a t e s a l a ng w
•
• •
cn t o { "'
.,,ea ·
l j\1) Det ·1
a, S tat e m .
l e sti m a te d c o st o f ea c h i t e m . 1 t h � .. ro ac h roa d ou tsid e the boundary \vall of the building.
l o,v ing t h e to ta A p p
abstra ct sh
ile d e
,
stim ate in sp ec1f• 1e
· d torm ..., i ii )
· In t e rn a l ,v a �er _ 5tJl PP1Y, st mt ,vater drainage and se wage lines for
�
The deta iv ) ld1ng and the ir connectio n to n,ain Jines.
v)
ra,v ing s dif fe re nt ,b u1 •
vi) PJa n an d �
Ele ctricity supply, connection and provision for fire detection
ATE v ) n d fi g h ting. •
ORT ON ESTIM . . ala r m in g a
5 3 REP p a d m s 1 m p
· le la nguage and sho
The repart should be re p re . u)d A n y n1is cellaneous \Vork sucl, as sur,,eying, leveling, soil testing and
ab ]e by bo th tec hn ic al an d n o n te c h � vi ) •
d un de rs ta nd n i'c·a J o m no t co ve r ed ab ov e. I

comp rehens iv e an . . . f f icer oth er it e

. . n ti and
su b - h ea d s a re p ro v id e d 1n re p o rt o e s m a te : Sp ecia l tools plant requir ed. •
The follo,ving vii)
rtmental charge if any.
i ii ) Depa
H�to� v
O Ac quis ition of land, if necessa[)'.
The details . rel . ati ng to its ini tia tin g an d rea so ns to ini ti at e ar e p rovrd!M ix )
"" x) Pla n s anctio n (approval) fe es of the local municipality.
pre viou s refe ren ce, cor resp on d enc es 1 etc. of the project. .
along l\rith •

fO Design 5.5 ESTIMAR FOR ROAD PROJECT

e follo ,vin g facto rs 0� sub-heads should be considered for the preparation
Detail description of original anq, fina] proposal, reference to specif•lCatio� Th ct .
at e fo r ro ad p ro Je
basis of design calculations and drawings adopted. of es tim
iiQ Arrangement of land and its acquisition • 0 p�ectreport
ain s the proposa], location, physical aspects of area, organizational set
•

iv) Scope of work and proytsion made It cont

up, fina nc e, facilities etc. of road project.
Scope of the \vork to be defined and provision made for acco m mo d .
ations
provided. , • ii) General report
•
It con tains the information regarding type of soling, surface dressing etc .
v) Schedule of ra:tes adopted . · · •
Schedule of rates in "'hich the rates have been provided on es iii) Reconnalssance survey report
timate. •
•
VI) Methods of �ecution of work . It include s the name and authority of projects, general description of
. . projects etc. · ·
•

The ,,.,ay of doing ivork i.e., ,vhcther br it. em ra

te, percentage rate or any iv) Mechanical equipn1ent statement
other type should be n1ention.
•
v) Analysis of rates
Vii) . Total cost vi) Land acquisition
Total cost of the project, \\'ay of finan . . . The area of turfing
•
cmg, returns m the form of revenue. vii)
vii"'' Work tharge establish viiQ Preparation of \Vaterway chart
.. ment •
Provision made for \\'ork charge be) Earthwork csti mation •
d estabJ·IShment on percentage ba · Abstra�t of activities per km
. sis. x) I

Ix) TooI and plants

Provision made in the esti xi) Abstract of cost
be necessary for the projec mat e tor tools and plant to be
purc xii) Bar/CP�1 chart ..
t. . hased that may
xiii) Different maps, dra,vings and section at suitable intervals •
x� . Time of completio xiv) Detailed survey sheets
n
Time required for comple
· tion of pro1e. ct.
5A ESTIMAn 5.6 ESDMATE FDR IRRIGATION PROJECT
FOR BU Th� follo,ving factors or sub-heads should be considered for preparation of
The project estimat� f llDIN� �ROIECTS
following heads· o r a bu 1Idm g -...,hen prep are e�t im ate for irrigation project.
i) d should contain the
M ai.· n building i) Project or general report
Civil Works It contains the introduction to the project along ,,,ith. adntlnistrativc
along wi. th pr
. ·' electrification. ovision for \v ap pr ov al on tl, e pr oj ec t. .
. B ater s upp ly, sanitation.
� -;- ou n da ry walls fen
I

to different ces, g ates, int Ii) T ec hn ica l no te s •

• build:g_ ern al roads and Te .
p aths approach clmical notes provide the information regarding full supply level, basin
• area, etc .
•
•
•
• •
,. --• ea,
 ating and Costing
Man ual of Estim •

plete
•

Icom ProJect Est1ma e ..s, Ch a P

•

•
te r 5 ) 93
io
•
nef it c ost ra t ...
fiQ Be , . TI M ATE FDR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
.8 E S
Ga uge curv e ld be dra\vn show ing ; e o ll o wi n g fac to r s o r su b- h e� d sh o ul b con i
ou d
•

Iv) , ca na l sh th e f e s dered for the preparation

•

cl1� r ge cu n e f o r a a Ve r su pp ly
A gau ge dis ragt f. t irn a te fo r w at e p ro Je ct.
d Io, ,r , ..,ate r Jev e � . o es
-hi h. an .,
ation o rt
•

ul ep
•

v) g D esig n calc I) R
es follo win •
•

ent of en er alJ v
' incl ud g sub- h eads.
Stat em I t g ..
•
O . . .
a) Ao o d d a m a g e s a) In tr o �� ct io n a l n
� � \\ '1 th formation about location of project
VI in
b) Fl o o d d m a g e s a n d reli ef b ) CXIS ting water supply
� • Con di tion of
viQ R e p o rt o n e st i m a te c) . Scope of present project
•
er a l a b st ra ct o f d) Zonal data
•

vf iQ G en co st
A bs tr ac t co st of es tim a� e •
e) Population projection
•

Ix)
Li st of bri dg e to be co ns tru cte d
X) f ) Waterdemand
xi') •
Earthwork calculati . . . • Source of supply and intake y.•ork
on , · . )
•
g
xfQ
,
Drawings
h) Treatment and pumping S}'Stem
xiii) Schedule of rates and' an�lysis �of rates Distribution system
•
i)
•
•
• •

•
•
5.7 ESTIMATE FOR SMAll SEWERAGE PROJECT ii) Estimates _
Tne follo,,·ing factors or sub-hea�s are considered. for the preparation cf lt includes following subheads:
estimate for small se,�erage project .. Sum mary of estimates of capital co st ·
a) .
i) Project report •
Sum mary of estimates of annual operation maintenance expenditure
b)
•

a) Introduction • . •

Ust of Important correspondences

•

b) Topographic feature • Ill) I

c) Population · ••
•
. The previous important correspondences and proposal for sources, etc if
any shall be included in the project estimate.
•

d) Existing facilities and problem •

e) Proposed facilities and provision made s

Or :i r avn ng
•
ii) Design criteria IV) ""
This includes plan, contours, position of intakes, storage reservoirs and
• •

a) · Se,verage flow
•
•

• layout of rising mains.

•

b) Peak factor
•
•
•

c) Industrial ,vater to b� discharged .. v) Salient features of the scheme

\

· d) Infiltration allowance •
•

This includes the fallowing information;

e) Roughness coefficient
•

Designed population
•
a)
f) Minimum slope and velocity covered
•

b) Area
•

iii)
•

Technical specification c)
-a) Design ca pacity of se Number of wards or village included . •

wage treatment plant d) Number of indusbies influded .

•
•
b) Peak flo\\· expected
-
•

c) .· BOD of raw se"'age e) Number of distribution zones •

f) , Per capita \Vater supply
•

d) Effluent qualit}' after

treatment •
•

e) Dry solid in ra\.v se,va g) Total ,vatersupply

ge • h ) Sourc e of supply
Q Av erage rainfall in area •
I •
•

g) Temperature variatio i) Storage · .

iv) n D · Capital cost of scheme
Design •
•

k) m ainte nance expenditu e

v) Abstract pf estimate • Ann u ai op er at io n an d r
· vi) Detail de
sign
Detaile d estimation
of each unit . •
�]) Analysis of rate • •

ix)
•
•
•
Dra,vings·
• •

I I '

•
•
•
• •

-
__
•

,
•
• • •
I

• •
•
•
- "cc...: 4..:• ,_
...
:.:_:, :-:.: • •
•
 ... - ••
•
'\il,met•
•
•

Estimating and Costing

ua of
•

I complete Man I

'
Detar led Estin,:ate � Ch apter 6 f 95
. VED PROBLEMS
• 1
. 5.9 SOL •
•
•
•

on sm al l w at er su p p ly p ro je c t e s ti ma t e.
W .
nte sho rt n otes
l. (2069 C
•

hii�
•

tht defin ition part 5.8

Solution: Sa •

I •

estimator ha s to ta ke ac c ou
C apter ·
•

,aa
..n..
,f'Y t are th e work s th at an nt in
2.
r
Ptoj�
estim ate? Explain . 2070 Chij
�
Solutio n : Su the d e f in it io n part 5 .2 . -
•

3. Wh at are the thi ng s th at should be co nsidered for preparing pro

;� '
estimate report of an irrigation projec t? f207I Shrt1
w
•

t n: the ck fin iti on part 5.6 · · �

So lu io Su •

•
4. Deline project. Discuss estimate of irrigation project: {2071 Chii
�
I Solution: Su t� definition part 5.1 and 5.6
•
•
5.. What do you mean by project estimate? How do you write a proj DOAllED ESTIMATE OF A SINGLE ROOM BDllDING
I. &.1
report for a building'project? (2072 I<art:
.-,.nn_____________________
. ·
Solution: Su the definition part 5.Z, 5.3 and 5.4 .
•
Estimate the quantities of items to prepare the detail estimate•
6. Mention the various factors included in the road project estim
ift. General specifications:
·
•

[2072 Chaitn; shall be 1 11 class. with ceme nt mortar (1 : 4). Foundatio n

Brickw ork
Solution: Su the definition port 5.5 c:oncrete shall be of cement with brick chips (1 : 3 : 6). Wood ,vork for

-
• •

7. D�ibe briefly how will· you prep�e a det IIOClft �·c.1ut

• Tt�RAttHG (t•2•T)
• - •

. ,. , '...
u
_ ailed estimate of 1 ;� ..... Tg'
bw ldin g. ·
=
, '
. l
..-•....--,�-,.If'- �•
'=-i!
•
7
•
20
,•

3 Shrawll,'
-;:• • t .. ,... - ► ' • '-

Solution: Su the definition port 5.4

■...,·- • � • .,�-: 1'••.,• • �•\ • •-.......-� • •• ..,,-_ -... • • ;. I •.,."'• • � • � , • ___. �...
,
a. � - \...._J
•

:j:: L1scaxaca vtJCT �U i"R.c.t,.$U& (1:t:•>

•
• "" V •
_...10 �
c■ '""'· ,�,c� a:1,ur
I
•• •

.
• •
8. What is pro1·ect' Discus8 es1:- &U u u, o n . °
solution. Su the dtfrn. 1t." 1o. n part 5.1 and 5.6 f Irrigation project:[2073 Chai�
.i:
-::;.-
.....
PLASflR (1:◄)

• �.t.. UNtl� ,,.. l�CJI

• 0-:2:4)
•
9.: · pr �je�? Discuss esti • ...
I
•
•
��fi�� 111 �RICK WORK IN ttU[NT MORt>Jt
_
Ans: � t nc d t f ,n,tion part mation of road projed. [2074 Chaitr4' �:4) WltH e,OtK $10£.S C!.MCNT
5.1 and 5.5 • PlASTlR (1:,)
• •
•
10. What do you mean
•

b r .ec est 50
•
project estimate? Wri1/ife ;1 t 1mat�? How do you prepare, 111
�
•
Ans: See the definitio eports on estimates • 2•stm.,.,.c.
•
n part S.l and 5_2 . f2075 Ash,virJ I 2'""'· (lM. PlA.Sttk /2,"1"M. AlTltlCtA._ $l0Nt
•
•
• II: 2) .- ..T-· ..• •• T••• I T • T·i •... , r.... I. I. .r,_.T-
•
• .I ....... -.. • •·· - ...
•
11. Define pro· ect D . T
r.
-.r

• cus.s estimate . R IStftS 20Clt \,o c■ l..C. ovtk 1_.t« f l�T SO\.IMG
Ans: Su the def . 1. . · ts o f ·
lll' ·
ig at ·
ion
•

. ,n, t,on part 5.1 and 5_6 p roJ. ed. {2075 ChaitrJ} 6.L. �L(l WOAK IN (lMlNT M�rAlt (1:4)
•
'JaCli -�..- :.�•��· .,

t
•
T
.
• •
•
-'GCII 4fC. C>

....- -........ . .·•,.._

• •

..,_...
• • •
• ... .... ..\,-···,,
"
"°
CUl£Nt CONCR�Tt Q:1:6) .,
.. . .,.., ,,,,..�...
I •
·,:, "'... ..
•
"
'
SECTION ON A·I,
• •

• •
•
•
•
. . .
. ....,....,. ·••$;•,,,,.,
.,,..
-'
 I of Es t1 ma t1 11 9 a,)a \..U�l111�
96 I complete Manua •

•
•
Detailed Esti
'
mate -a. Chapter 6 I
I
o
• .-----
· ��------�•�----_
Jt1------- S'6ffl -_�l�JO
ti ou
E
•
Lands wall method
97

., C1I
• ca.._ Long walls 2 s.o 0.70 0.9()
.. _ O = 4.3 + 2 X 070
:J.
-,
Short walls
•
• 2 3.2 0.70 0.9()
• 32=3.9-2x 070
- T.L 16.4 0.70 2
• 0.90 1032
· u1 Steps •
1
- --.__
1.2 0.75 0.10 O.� 0.75 = 0.9- 0.15
...
•

·1
(trench)
e

• •
Tot� 10.4] m1
• •
•
1Earthwork in filling
•
2
·-
•

•
•
• •
•
- . i) Foundation
•

• •
•
trenches • 208 •

•
•
•
Ml It)
• •
•
• · i11 for plinth 1 3.9' 35 0.60 8·19 0.60 = o.w - 0.20 ..
.. {LC. anJ soling
I )
• fnm'5 shall be of sal w Total 10.27 m1 •
ood and shutters of tea 3. Ceu,t11t (onaetc (1 : 3 : 6)
shall be of sal wood 10
•
k. Frame for woode
cm x 8 cm ;md shutter n d00r i) F0W1dalion
•

thick.: S t eel door Bhan b of first class teak 25 nu •

e with integrated grill n • trenches •

sheet. All walls shall b s with 1.25 mm thick •

�1.S,
•

e three coat s white was Cenke line method 1 16.4 0.70 0.30
with two coats. R.C. he'd. D o o r s s h a l l b e
are
•

works 1 /, reinforced TOR s

° p a inted L md S wul method
•
•
•

. diameter r ain w ater teel 2 nos. 75 mm

•

spouts shall be· provid t.ong,valls 2 5.0 0.70 0.30

be followed as menti ed. Other specificatio
oned in the drawin n s shall
Solution: · g.
•
Note that the total
· • Short \\rails 2 3.2 0.70 0.30
In this example both length is same by
centre line 11\ethod and · , any method
done simultaneol!lily long wall short wall
for better unders method il • T.L
0.30 16.4
3.4-t 0.70 •
these methods. tanding of the differenc
e between (b)Step, 10.10 0.1112 0.90
,., ..
Centre line metho d
•
Tobi J.55 �
Lon and short wall m 4. Brkkwork in cem,ent mortn (1 : 4) in foundation ind plinth
�um of centre lines= ethod
2((4 m + 0.30 m) . ij Walls .
I - Centre to centre distance
• + (3.6 m + 0.30 m)) Long Centre line method 1 16.4 0.40 1.40
walls� 4 m + 0.30 m = •

= 16.4 m 4.30 m Land S wall method

Short walls= 3.6 m + 0.30 m •
= 3.90 m ·
\

Details of measurem Long walls 2 4.7 0.40 \.40

ent and quantities

-.s.
(estimate)
•

-
••
• Short walls 2 3.5 0.40 1.40
l • • T.L 16.4 o.�o 1.40 9.18
lte:m
c -..
Description
-a
E ·o.60 1

-=
�
No. of item z b) Steps 1 0.60 0.43 0.60 =2 (0.90+0.30)
�
0
5 ., 12 (
•" 5:::, " a v.)

z
• •
-0
...
-6,
u �o
- s:: Tot.ti 9.61 m1
0
�
..J
• 1 Elrthwon: in f'Xc:Avi CQ •
tion 5 2.5 cu, thick D.P.C.. (1 : 2: 4)
• i) FOUndation
I trenches •
Centre line method 1 16.-1 0.30 - -1.92
• •
•
16.4 0.70 L·qd S wall method
•
0.90 - •
•
Long walls 2 4.6 0.30

-
l:r-
' guI
• •
•
 •
• •
Est im ating an d Cos ting
plete M,anLJa I of Detailed Estimate � Ch apter 6 I 99
•
98 I com
3.6 0.30 -
2 The if\S{:rted
51,ort ,,,all� •

lO on thick (av) lime portions have ,,

Deduction -
l 1 0.30 - 0.36
(-vc) terracing
1 4.20 3.80 15.96 m1 been cons1<lercd as
• , if brick,,·ork in
[)clc>rsill
Total 4.56 m1 ) parapet
•
•

sui, crs trUcturc 10. 15 cm x S cm vent - - - - 3 nos.

ffrick} vor k in holes
,I
6. •

i) \�alls 0.30 3.1 •

Sal "'oody.·ork in door ] 66 0.10 0.08 0 0528 6.6 = 2(2.1 + 12)
1 16.4 11.
Centre line method • frame •

Land S �•aJls method

' 4.6 = 4.30 +2 12- Batten ed door 25 mm
1.07 = 1.2 - 2 X
2 {.6 0.30 3.1 )(� 1 1.07 -
Long walls 1.97 2.108 m? 0.08 + 2 X 0.015
2 thick
• (for rebates)
-
• •

3.6 0.30 3.1 3.6 = 3.90- 2 )(� Steel grated door 1 1.2
Short walls 2 . 13. 2.1 2.52 ml
2 ••
0.30 3.1 15.25 1-.A. Tor steel for R.CC. @0.8% Vol. m'@ (7) 1.91 \Vt.oft m'ofTor
•
,. T.L. 16.4
• •
• 0.8 of 78.5 q quin. bar = 78.5 q
' •
100 ilem
Parape t •
I - Long sides (out to 0.30 0.55 x3.07
2 4.60 0.20
out) 1s: MS. clamps 550 � x 1
No deduction for @-2kg
6 mm ancl 40 cn1 long 2x3 =6 nos. 3 kg
• insertion of lime
•
terracing to
each
• • -
minimize the cost 16. 12 mm thick cement pl.istrr (1: 6)
Short sides (in to in) 2 3.80 0.20
•
0.30 0.46
of the same. No • . i) Inside: Long sides 2 ,1.0 - 3.1 2.J.80
• deduction foreJlds Inside: short sides ., 3.6
•
- 3.1 2232
•
of lintel and vent '

1
ii) Outside
holes.
•
•
a)· From G.L to P.L •
· . Deduction •
I
Dooropening 1 t.2
•
0.30 21 299 Longsid�
•
2 4.7 - 0.85 7.99
4.7 = 4.0 + 2 (030
... + 0.05)
•
0.05
..
•
• 7. R.C. Lintel 1 1.2 0.30 0.15 • • 0.85 = 0.80 + 0.05
(-ve) (offset) No
•
Net total 15.45 ml • . plastering inside
R.C.C. work ncluding rdnforc-ement md shuttering
· , Short sides 2 4.3 - o.ss 7.31
. G.L as the
•
Roof slab outl\1ard ground
1 5.2 4.8 21 299 • •
' should be �cd
• •
8. Lintel 1.8 Bearing of lintel� during filling of
0.08
30cn1 ..... .- •
earth in trench.
· · Total 3.07 ml
. t-:---�-------....----=�--=---,,.----r-----r---4-------1
b) From P.L to above including parapet outer
Shutlering md rentering
I ·
•
• • •
•
•
Long siltes 2 -t.6 .. - 3.4 31.26
- t' • •
No deduction for Short sides 2 4.2 - 3. 28.56
• •
• • • •
♦l

•
•
the area of ,,,alls k' c) Parapet inside
Roofbotlom minimize the cxtrl
1 5.20 4.80 - 2.J.96 chc1rgc for Long sides ., 4.2 - 1.68
0.20 = 0.30 - 0.10
•
I
(0.10 for terracing)
cantilever
-
•
• 0.20 1.52
•
• · shuttering for Short sides 2 · 3.8
•
•
Edges cornice. •

9. lintel (sides)
• 1 20.00 - 0.12 2.40 Deduction •
lintel bottom.
2 1.8 - 0.15 0.54 For both faces,
- 252 ·
•
-
•
1 1.2 0.30 Door opening 1 .1.2 21 dt!ductjon is for
·0 .36 (-vc)
' one side only�
28.26 ml •
•
•
• I

•
 •
...
•
'. .
(' . .•
.,,...·.;y' •

-
I

ng and Costing Detailed Estimate-<.- Chapte

�f Esti mati r6 f 101
ManLJa I
I

'con,plete --
100 0.96 te in foun dat
ncre ion
1 1.2 - 0.80
(-vc}
Lun e co
lass bric kwor k in cement mortar {l . 6) for foun datao
First c • n an d
Step�
. Net• total
125.34 -.............. plinth
.mt
•
s. z.s cm th ick damp proof coiurse .and
first class brickwo.rk in superstructure [2065 Shra,van, 2075 Chaitra]
•
sttt (1: 2) for step
12 mm lhick ctmen t pb s
6.
)7., 1
- 1.2 0.80 0.96 .......... 7.5 L .C.OVE�
10 q J:.L SlAB
(fuc
11 - 0.30 I.OS �J)cffl
Treads
- 3
0.60 - 0.60 0.72 1
l�e=t
2 0.60 = 'i(0.30 + o "
•
Sides • .� 0
45
•

• Average total ·1-16 m1 - - ... •

• 0
• - i 70 t
thick (fflle(lt plast er (1 : 4) �i
•
.. PILLAR
15. 6 mm
4.0 . 3.6 - 14.40 - NN
FOUNDATION
-
(a) Ceiling •

(b) Cornice both faces

I
•
2x2 5.2 0.30 - 6.24 5.2 out to our
•

Long sides
Short sides 2x2 4.2 0.30 - 5.04 4.2 in to in PART SECTIONAL SCHEDULE •
ELEVATION ON-A BCD oo on o ::. 110. 2,o
(c) Cornice edges • WI NOOW W c 90••�
• •

Long sides 2 5.2 0.12 - 1.25

SHELF S • 90..,,50 •
w ;i·
Short sid€.'S • 2 4.8 0.12 - 1.15 •
.
Tota1 28.08m1
'

r--- 7.5 l.C OV(�

• 10 A.CCSlAB
19. 10 cm thick lime A
. a_W • 8
w
1
•

�e (12: 2: 7)_
•

1 3.9 3.5
•
- 13.65mt
,
1
• �OOM
floor over brx:k flat •
l.·2rn1tSm
•

•
• soling •
0
20. 2..5 cm artificial stone • tD
. 1 4.0 3.6 - 14.40ml • w w M

(1 : 2 : 4) flooring , •
•

21.. White washing thm 153.42

coats
• Same a, item nos. 16 + 18
mt
•
• �=:::::....;;,___ 0 _J

22 Painting to woodwork ' 2mWIOE 20 • z.sc..c.Mq 7.5 L..C •

. VERANDAH 20
•
Multiplying factor 30 SECTION X Y
•

for each side = 1.3 □ •

Door and• its frame -
•
2xl.3 1.2 2.1 6.55m2 times including •
• •
• frame (SP : 21 -
OCME.N90f4S A� NCMS
23. Painting to steel door �984)
2xt.3 1.2 - 2.1 6.55 ml
•

z�. Coal tarring two coats - Solution:

-
•
lo back of frames 1 0.110 0.66ml 6.6 as in item (11) . L�ng-short �all method •
• 6.6 •

25. 75 mm dia. rainYt·ater •

Centre to Ce·ntre length for;
spouts 2 2 - - 2rm Room: •

'
Long ,vall = 5.00 + 0.30 = 5.30 n, •

1amu11 &.1.2 •
, · · Short \\'all = 4.20 + 0.30 = 4.50 m
The plan and se:d i:o=-= f� -==-- � - .:_· _ _ ________
...;.__ Verandah front= 4.20 + 0.30
ns o a one roomed b
Prepare qua.ntity esti �"lding is shown in the figure • = 4.50 m (Constant due to presence of pillars)
mate for the follo . .
1· �hworlc in excava . . wing items of work. •
Verandah, sides short ,,,alls= 2.00 + O.�O •
2. Earth wor tion m foundation
k in plinth filling . . ; 2.30 Ill
• •
•
• •
•
• •
 •

•
ti ng
Detailed Estimate -<r- Chapter 6 J
d cos
l of Es ti mali n9 an • 103
te Man ua
f o2 I comple
st c la ss brickwo rk in foun dati on and plinth in cement
4· fir
m
NOf l t 20 c m plint h dwa rf wall js not requ·tr . ,norlal' (1 : 6) roo
n
I

cc of e
Thr 3 cco u n t·r·
a br ,ty up to th
n
e
er '
pi l
re
iars h aving hi ghe r se ct i. h
on t an that o e df th
W
du e
arf tong walls
te d c or � \
to pre sc n ee of is ola
1 tt foo ti ng 60 2 5.90 0.60 0.20 1.41 5 90 = 5.30 + 0 60
wall. .. 2 .-f foo ting 50 2 5.80 5.60 = 5 30 + 0 50
ent a nd cal cu I at1. on o f q uantitie s 0.50 0.20 1.16
. of m e as ure m· crn
Details
Len gth Br ea dth J1ei g ht
Qt y . Explan atory no'tes plinth \\'all 40 2 5.70 0.-10 0.70 3.19
5.70 = 5.30 + 0.40
ript i on
Itcm D�c• No. (m) (m) (m) •

no. of atcm · • room ho tt w all

.ava tion in fou nda tion . . •
� S
lU wor...
.-• ..a1.. l, 111• exc c111 2 3.. 90 0.60
1. C,41
0 .9 5 9.27 6.10 � 5.30 + 0.80 · 1" foo ting 60 0.20 0.9-1 3.90 = 450 - 0.60
2 6.10 0.80
u,ng ,,,alls · 5.62 3.70 = 4.50 - 0,80 i- footing 50 .J.00 = 4.50 - 050
2 3 .70 0.8 0 0.95 2 4.00 0.50 0.20 0..80
Short "-alls • on
3 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.96
pillars
Verandah plinth wall 40 4.10 0.40 0.70 230
4.10 = 4.50 - 0.40
Plinth dw.arf wall ctn
-
•

0.46 0.60 0.86 3.10 = 4.50 - 2 X 0.70 -

Front 1 3.10
({or comer pil lars) _
co. Total 9.80
B.F. - - - 9.80
0.70 (middle)
0.86 ·• Vera.ndffl pillars
Sides, short .2 1.55 0.46 0.60
1- footing 50 COl 3 0.50
•
0.50 0.20 0.15
Step 220 0.57 0.10 0.13 •

•
• Plin th wall 40 ' 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.3-1
•
3 • •
Total 17.70 ml '
Dwarf wall front
•
Earthwork in filling in plinth
•
i) Lower part 0.50
3.50 = -L50 - 2 X -,
1 4.90 0.375 7.53 upto30cm 1 3.50 0,20 0.20 0.14
Room 4.10
• • . - 0.50 •
• Verandah 1 4.50 2.10 · 0.375 3.54 it) Upper part 3.70 = 4.50 -1 X 0. -10
. 1 3.70 0.20 0.70 .. ?
0,:,_
Deduct pillar projeclions upto30cm
•
Central 1 0.40 0.20 0.375 0.03 (-ve) Dwarf wall side, •
•
Sides 2 0.20 0.20 0.3750.03 (-ve) i) Lo,ver part 1.80 0.20 10.20 0 .1.i.
upto20cm
• ToW 11.04ml
ii) Upper part 2 1.96) 0.20 0.70 0.53
3. lime ,concrete in found1tion room •
• •
,Steps 0.45
Long ,valls 2 6.10 0.80 0.30 1 2.00 0.30 0.27
293 (av)
Short \\rails 2 3.70 0.80 0.30
• .. •

1.78
•
Total 11.89 ml
Ve1andah pillars 3 0.70 0.70 0.20 - s. .2.5 cm thick damp proof coiurse • •
-
0.29 •
Plinth dwuf w�ls •
5.60 = 5.30 -+- 0.30
-
•

Long y.•alls 2 5.60 030 3.36 0.P.C. under

0 0
3.10 = 4.so - 2 x ·; - superstructure \\'alls
, -,
_:,_
•
•
•
•
• Short ,,•alls 2 -l.20 0.30 -
0.70. LC. joins L.C. of
Front 1 Veranliah pillars 3 • 0.30 0.30 - 0.27
3.10 0.46 0.15 ver. pillars 1.65 = 230 -
•
•
0.21
0.60 0.70
·
Deduct door
opening 1 1.10 0.30 - 0.33 (-vc) • '

• • 2 - 2 L.C. joints •
• •
with 0.60 LC. of n1ajn TotJI 5.82 m ?
• • • 6· 1•• class briclovork in•supers.tructurc in cement mortar (1 : 6)
Sides, short 2 and 0.70
1.65 0.46
Step 0.15 0.2.1 long ,valls 2 5 .60 0.3(} 3.60 12.10
1 2.20 0.70 •
0.10 0.15 Short ,valls 2 4.20 0.30 3.60 9.07
•
Tol�I S.59 ml Verandah pillars 3 0.30 0.30 2.50 0.68

•
·•◄ • •
--
• ct J4 5I
 •
,
•
ting and Costing '
I l o f Estima
omplete �nua • Detailed Est,ma e -o. Ch apter
6I 105
I
1 04 I c
-
t "er. linttl 0.29 ...... 0 60
Abo1· 0.30 0.20
•
�·all J -&.80 2 - 3x0.70 ver.
front long
0.30 0.20 ·0.24 •
a Jls 2
200 LC. joins iv1th 60
SitiL'S 5hort "
r
•
cm waU at 2
Parapet
•
0.20 0.30 0.67 junctions - 3 nos. •
• 2 5.60
Long l\'.llls
0.20 0.30 0.53 cone. for pillars
2 4.40 1 220
Short ,,,alls • Step 0.70 0.10 0.15
I
l)tdact �
Tot.al 5.58 m>
•
110 0.30 210 0.69 (-vc)
1
Door openmg l" cl�s brickwork in foun<htion and plinth •
windO\Y s 0.90 0.30 1.50 203 (-vc)
I
�
4.
1,. footing 60 en,
1 19.60 0.60 0.20 235
openings
0.20 1.50 0.27 (-vc) 2- footing 50 cm 1 19.60 0.50 0.20 1.96
Shcl\·e 1 0.90
• Plinth wall 40 c11\ 1 19.60 0.40 0.70 5.49
Butd lintel in miin wills Verandah pill.an
<

Long walls 2 5.60 0.30 0.10 0.34 (-ve)

3
1" footing 50 cm 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.15
Short ,,·alls 2 4.20 0.30 0.10 0.25 (-ve)
Plinth wall 40 cm 3 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.34
Tota.I 2D.OO m3 -....
Verandah dwarf wall
•

e line method · . .
,_,
Lower part
Ce
- ntr •

Tota l leng th of cen tre line for room = 2 [(5 + o:30) + (4.2 + 0.30)) coincides \vilh 2
, nos. 50 cm \\'all
=19.60m
i) Lower part 1 7.10 0.20 0.20 0.28 and 3 pillars at 50
Total length of centre line for verandah divarf wall= 4.5 + 2 x 2.30 cm 7.10 =9.10 - 2
· •
•
= 9.10 m 050
-3x10
Total length of centre line for parapet wall = 2 (5.60 + 4.80) - 4 x 0.20 • • X
2
=20m h) Upper p�rt 1 1.�o 0.20 0.70 1.05
(i.e., outside. perimeter- 4 times the thickness of wall) Step 1 200 0.45 0.30 0.27
• (aver.)
NOii
•
• .- •
• •
Total 11.89 m1
•
For verandah dwarf wall accountability up to the centre of 20 cm wall is not' 5 2.5 cm thick D.P.C.
necessary due to presence of isolated corner •pillars - Room 1 -
. / 19.60 0.30 5.88
Item D6Cription Pillars 3 0.30 0.30 - 0.27
-
Length Breadth Height ExpLtnatory
No. De<luct: Door opening 1 1.10 0.30 - 0.33 (-)
no. of item (m) (m) (m) .. Qty. •
notes
1. Euthworlc in txcavation in founcution tr�nch, •
• • • Total 5.82m1 •
s •
•
Room •
1 19.60
6. 1" clus brickwork in superstruchue -
0.80 0.95 14.90 •
Pillars 3 0.70
Room • 1 19.60 0.30 3.60 21.17
0.70 0.65 0.96
Verandah dwarr wall Pillars 3 0.30 0.30 250 O.M
6.20 0.46 0.60 1.71 6.20 = 9.10 -0.30
• Above pillars 1 8.80 0.30 0.20 0.53 8.60 = 9.10 - 0.30
•
step -3x070 Parapet •
1 20.00 0.20 0.30 1.20 •
•
1 2.20 0.57 0.10 •
• • 0.13 1 Deduct: Openings Same as LS. n,etholt 3.58 (-)
0.57 = 0.70 -; .
•
Tot3l 20.QO m>
• •
.
(0.46 -0 201
2. �work in filling s�, u L.S. method
Total 17.70 ml Examnle &.1.3 • • •
m plinth 11.04 ml • •

3. Lim, concrett in fou Estimate the quantities of the follo,ving items:

• n<bt ion
Room l.
1 19.60
Earthwork in excavation in foundation.
Pillars
•
0.80 0.30 2. Lime concrete in foundation.
4.70
• Verandah dwarf wall
3
1
0.70
6.40
· 0.70 0.20 0.29
3· First class brickwork cem ent m ortar (1 : in
4) in foundation and
0.46 0.15 plinth.
0.4-l 6.40 = 9.10 - 2>< I

• •
•
•
 • •

. • •

• mati ng and costing ..

n ual of Esti Detailed Estimate -<i- Chapter 6 107
omp le te fv\a I
I c
106 1n supersk
cem.ent mortar (1 : 6) ,, u-ct11" .
rick tvor k .
J n
't• 0.20 0.30
clas s b
first Sides: Short ,valls = 1.5 + 2 + 2 = 1.75 m
J
•
4. Neglect s:te::p��-f- •
nq-fcmEfoatcottfcoccl
00 �
wg·c Description Dimensions in metre
N o . ..---�::-r::--�:.::.:.:._J
of item length Breadth Height Qty Explanatory notes

�hwork in e x ca vatio n •

rn: Lo ng ,,·a lls 2 • 6.20 0.90 1.00 11.16 6 20= 5.30 + 0.90
Roo
.. Short ,valls 2 3.40 0.90 1.00
• 6.12 3.40 = ,-l.30-0.90
Ver and ah: fro nt, 1 3.66 0.46 0.70 1.18 3.661 = 3.20 + 0.46
Long wall •

Sides: S hort wall 2 1.07 0.46 0.70 0.69 0.90

1.07 = 1.75 - 1
•
0.-16
- 2.

•
.,. w
Total 19.15 ml •
•
•
l Lune concrete in foundation
Room: Long ,,·alls 2 6.20 0.90 0.30 3.35
• Short v.·all ' 2 3.40
•
0.90 0.30 1.83

w9.z 09 Verandah: Front, long 1 3.66 0.46 0.20 O.J.l

,vall •
•
0.60
• 1.22 = 1.75 -
, 2
Sides: Short walls 2 1.22 0.46 0.20 0.22
-
•
0.46
• • 2
.
.
• ,
Total 5.74 m1
•• I

3. Fust cliss brickwork (1 : 4) in Coundation �nd plinth .room- Lime concrete joins
E
:t�
z long walls , . \\;th 60 cm brick
E 0 )( <t la)1er room
. 1.---1---------,--r----,----,-----,-----+.....;.... ------;
•

"' 0 • _J •
60cmlayer
•
2 5.90 0.60 0.30 2.U 5.90 = 5.30 + 0.60
a: E •
111
,. SO cm layer 2 5.80 0.50 0.20 1.16 5.80 • 5.30 + 0..50
•
• •
•
40cm layer 2 5.70 0.40 0.80 3.65
• •
0.30 3.70 = 4.30- 0.60
•
. Short walls 60 cm 2 3.70 0.60 1.33
9
layer
♦

. L...JL.,->c-':II-c:::::111��·-�
50 cm 1la }1er 2 3.80 0.50 0.20 0.76 •

40 cm ta}'er • 2 3.90 0.40 0.80 2.50

Solution: '
Veranclah: Long ,,·all 1 3.50 0.30 1.10 1.16 3.50 = 3.20 + 0.30
Long and short wall method •
•
• 30 cm la}·er
Centre to centre lengths for
room Short walls
•

s
Long walls = -+ 2 x 0-� 30 cm layer
•
•
= 5_30 m •
0.60
i) That ,vith 60 cm •2 1.30 0.30 0.10 0.08
1.30 a 1.75 - 2
c:h
..., ort walls : 4 + 2 x 0.30 - layer
•
2 = 4.30 m 0.30
• - ?

Verandah; Front, lon 0.20

g That ,vith 50 cm
•
\\'all= 3 + 2 - it) 2 1.35 0.30 0.20 0.16
X 2 -3.20 m layer •
• •
a
•
 •
•

matin g and Costing

-\dflua I of Esti
ompl e te i\ Detailed Est1mate-o- Chapter 6) 109
10s Ic •

0.30 0.80 0.67 ,

2 1.40 1.35 = 1. 7·l 0�
�

iit) n,at ,\i th

40 ctn ... ""s - Lime concrete joins
Ll)'cr 2 with 60 cm brick

•
Tot411 13.59 ml i •
•
'
0)
,. f'sr, l cb ss brickwork in foundation and plinth (1: 4) layer of nu1 in wall;
6.10 == 6.70-2 X 2
060
•
erstru ctur e room
t · fir st b.5
c. 5 . ..L work
bnr (l : 6) in su p - i) M ai Jtw .tlb
5.60 0.3 0 3.60 12.10 5.60 ::: 5 .J..,0 19.20 0.60
Long l''alls .
2 + 0.3() 60 Cl1l layer 0.30 3.46
4.00 0.30 3.60 8.64 4.00 == 4.30 1 19.20
Slort ,,'31ls
•
2 _ OJo 50 CIJ\ layer 0.50 0.20 1.92
1 3.40 0.20 280 1.90 3.40 == 3.20 + 1 19.20 0.40
Verandah : Lon g "·all . . Ol) 40CJ1\ layer 0.80 6.14
(Co�er solid first) • U) vrrancbb walL portion joim with
,, ialls 2 150 0.20 280 1.68
• Sho rt 1.50 = 1.75-� 60 an layer of 0.60
a) 1 6.10 0.30 0.10 0.18 6.10"= 6.70-2X -
•
•
•
2 n,ajnwal l
•
OJ· so cm layer of 0.50
_, b)
mainwall
1 6.20 0.30 0.20 0.37 6.20 =6.70 - 2 X -
Deductions for Same as C.L method =6.86 o...so
c) 40 cm layer of 1 6.30 0.30 0.80 1.51 6..30 =6.70-2X
(-ve)
I

openings, lintel and • mainwall •

verandah opcnin� • •
•
... Tob.1 1358 m l
• Total 17.46 m l
• •
....
• 0.30
Centre line method • 4. Fsr•t cws brickwork in superstrudurewall5 6.40 =6.70-2X 2
• •

�f) lllMain w alls 1 19.20 0.30 3.60 20.74

a) Length of rentre line tormam walls= 2'[(s + 2 x 0
+ (4 + 2 x � )] · = 19.ia
0
u1 Verandah walls 1 6.40 0.20 280 3.58 •

b) Length of centre line forverandah walls, sides = 2 (1.5 + � + O

.
�O) = J.5 m
Oedactimu for
•
· • Door openings, D 1 1.10 0.30 210 0.69 (-ve)
•
•
· Windownpcnings, \V 5 1.00 0.30 150 2 ,s· •
· . . Front = 3 + 2 x � = 3.2 m •
Verandah openings, 1.50 1.44 1
•
• 2 0.20 240
sides
•
Total 6.7m •
•

Number of joints = 2 nos. Verandah openings 1 3.00 0.20 2110 1.44•

Note that a joint occurs at a place w '
front .. •
here three w�;ofu.
. Lintel at main ,va 11 1 19.20 0.30 0.15 O.S6•
• •
µetails of measurement and qua No deduction for
ntities •

•
Item Desaiption •
Dimeruions in mttr�
-
-do-Verandah 1 6.40 0.20 0.1S o.1s· ends of verandah
no. of item No. • lintel
• �ngth Bre�dth Height Qty. Explanatory nolti •
Total 17.46 m3 •
�

• •
Length of verantuli
•
•
•
•
,
1. E.trthwmk in excavati • is reduced by ha[ cl Example 6.1.4 •
on •
•
•
• • • trench width;
• •
•
o.� Prepare a detailed estimate of a single room building having a front·
i) Mainwa)ls 5.80 = 6.70 - 2 X 2 verandah from the given plan, elevation and sectional dra,vings .
1 19.20 0.90
j
ill Verandah walls 1.00 17.28 General specif ications:
5.80 0.46 Foundation and plinth: First class brickwork in 1 : 6 .cement and local
0.70 1.87
2. ' · sand mortar over lime concrete, 2 cm D.P.C. of 1 :
lime collttde
m found�ion
Total 19.15 ml .
Q Ma.in walls •
-I 2 cement mortar mixed with standard wate r
• •
ii) Verandah 1 19.20 0.90 -
•
proofing material.
0.30 5.18
1 5.80 0.46
Superstructure : Walls shall be of first brickwork in lime mortar.
0.20 0.56 •
•
,, Tot� 5.74 ml • Inside and outside walls shall be 12 mm plastered
•
• :
with 1: 1: 6 cement: lime: sand, ceiling shill be 12

����-�----���==-==-=:::-----
•
•

•
[. -
 -- .
or ol •1 •.:> .....- -- - -·· ·w

Man ua I . t1111
t�

11 o
om, p lete
Ic
Detailed Estimate � Ch a
• •
1: 3 ce ment plastere d . �sid
. e shal) - • pt er 6I 111
nunh e d three coats and o·uts1de sha11 be ,,,
1

was b Verandah side c. to c. length== 2.00 + 0.30 = 2.30

h ed O ne coat over tw o coat s o f Whit e co1
•
wa s m
e l\'a l•
. Door and window chowkhats s h all be o s,q . Details of measurement and calcul
1',
'
indows f ation of quantities
Doo r a n d W be 4 l S
· · an d shu tters shall cm pane ed of d o
a],/
e d 1• '·
•
Dimensions
and painted two coats over one coat of ri "' "�, . • •

• p btin� ,Particulars and lleight

o. details of work No. Length Breadth · or Explanatory notes
-
•
•

• • ..... (m) (m) Depth Qty.

, 0
(m)
• 1. Earthwork in exca\,ation in foundation: Room
Long ,valls 2 5.30 0.80 0.65 L = 4.50 + 0.80
5.51
• •
= 5.30 m •

Short \\ralls • 2 250 0.80 0.65 260

L = 3.30 - 0.80
• • =250m
•
�������h�-·--rT
Verand
• - 7, - T --T-7 H = 0.3 + 0.1 + 0 1
•

• .
Pillars 3
• •
0.70 0.70 0.65 ' 0.96 + 0.15
I
• •
=0.65
Plinth d,varf ,vall front L = 4.50 - 2 x 0.70
(sun� total length) 0.25
1 3.10 0.40 0.31
• • •
= 3.10 m
Plinth dwarf wall sides 2 ­
0.31 H = 0.1 + 0.25 = 0.25
• •
1.55 0.40 .,
0. .!:J
0.80 0.70
-.
•
L=2.30- ? -
Step 1 2.10 0.65 0.10 0.1-t 2
. =1.55 m
' Tobl 9.83 2.1 = 2 + 0.1
2. Earthwork in filling in Plinth
fi 0.-1
0.4
•• •
5 V, 2.9 = 23- 2 - 2
• Room l 4.10 2.90 0.375 -l.46
4.1 = 4.5 - ,- - -,-
0.-1 0.-l
•

•
•
L = 4.90 - 0.40
ii
•

•
=4.50m
Verandah
•

1 4.50 2.10 0.375 3.5-l

•
• B = 2.35 - 0.20 - 0.03
..J l =210m
�;
•
•

• V) Total 8.00 •
.,; . o
lt) CD
��

-cc -Ct
Deduct • •
•
•
These deductions.
Ptojt'Ction central may be neglL--ctcd
0�20
•
1 0.40 · 0.3i5 0.03
pillar
•
being sn,all. •

-
• •

• Projt'Ction side pillar .., 0.20 0.20 0.375 0.03

• • •
Solution: •
4 Tobi 0.06
·centre lo ce Net total 7.94 ml
•

ntr e length of w
•
•
alls •
Lang wall c. 3. · Ume conaete in foundation
•
•

io c. Jength == 4.20
•
•
Room
•

+·0.30 = 4.50
•
Short wait c. t m
o
•
. . _ c. Jength = 3.00 Long ,valls 2. 54
+ 0.30 = 3.30
•
2 5.30 0.60 0.30
Verandah fro m ,-
nt c. to length 1 10
== 4.20 + 0.3 Short ,,·alls 250 0.80 0.30
0 = 4.50 n,
•
•
•
• •
� .,.,, ..,, •C"� ••••
 ting and Costin g
,v.anual of Estima
1comptctc
I

tf2
...-
113
,. oOdl
� JJS Brickwork in superstructure in

�lt���---r.:-r�r---
\'i,-.ar,cah -- J Urne lnOT141r
-- -r--
0.44
__
.3 0.70 0.70 0.30
f'lfLlrs
L = 450 _
-r- J
I'
1)1\·arf ,,·all fronl 3.70 0.40 0.10 0.15 2 x 0.4Q
=3.70 (J1ng wal ls 2
(�m totAI length)
•
• ·l.80 O 30 3.50
10_03
•
L "'4.50 + o.m
•

0.10 L = 2.30 - Q.SQ 0.40 =-uom

2 1.85 ... 0.40 0.15 2
• 2 -�
2 I lshort wal� _ 3 .00 0.30 3.50 6.30 L = 3.30 _ 0.30
= 1.85
L-- �
•
•
2.10 0 .65 �
virancbh -:---L---.-'----L._-L__ J_
Step l 0.06 0.08 • _J = 3 00 m
• Tobl 4.56m3 • I• pillars 3 0.30 0.30
•
2.20
LLLlfil�!:!.sf�t�Lu�s�bri�-c1c'"" ·o r=:_k�in.:.:f::ou=n:::cb=.:ti_:on..:...a.n_d..,!p_lin_th_in �i-•1_,e_m_orur_ -· front above lintel 1 uo 0.30
0.59
; � � --:- 0.40 057
-:-. Sides above lintel 2
:.i
lliR�oo�n�1:�lo�n�g?..;"::·a��l sl _ - 7 200 0.30
i.:. - -- -- -----�: 0.40
1• footing
rT �r ,
2 5.10 0.60 0.10
-,-
0.61
1L = 4.50 + 0.6
0
parapet long walls
parapet short walls
2 4A80 0.20 0.373
0.43
o.n
I 2 3.20 0.20
= 5.10 m 0.373 0.43
Z-footing . 2 5.00 050 0.10 L = 4. 50 + 050 Total
0.5 0 19.22
� 5.00 m
•

•
.
Plinth "'all above Door openings 2
2 4 .90 0.40 0.60 L = 4.50 + 0.4 0 • 1.00 0.30
footing 235 • 200 1.20 •
•

=4.90m Window openm� 3 1.00 0.30

Short w.tlls 1.40 1.26
Shelf 1 1.00 0.20 1.70 031
t• footing 2 270 L =3.30 - 0.60 ,.. . Ventilation 2 • 0.60
0.60 0.10 . 0.32 0.30 0.30
=2.70 m Lintel over doors .,- 1.20 0.30
0. 11
0.10 0.0'7 (a) 10 en, bearing
�footing 2 ·280 0.50 . L = 3.30- 0.50 Lintel over windows 3 120
0.10
•
0.28 0.3() 0.10 0.11 (a)
- =2.-SOm Untel over shelves 1 1.20 0.30 0.10 0.0-l (a) Total of (a) s = 0.2-1 nv
Plinth wall · 2 290 0.40 L = 3.30 - 0.40 Lintel over ventilator 1 0.80
•
0.60 1.39 0.30 0.10 0.02 (a)
•
Vm.ncLth
• =2.90m Total of
• .. • tducation 3.15
Pillars footing 3 0.50 Net tobl 16.07ml
0.50 0.10 0.075
•
Reinforced Brickwork in 1 : 3 cement m
Pillars plinth 3 0.40
• ortar extlud.ing steel
. 0.40 0.70 0.336
•
7. and its bending but including cmterin
•
Dwarf wall f1ont g and 5huttering and -
· binding steel
(sum total length) 1 3.70 0.20 0.60 L = 4.50 - 2 x 0.40
' · 0.44.
=3.70m Roof of room 1 5.00 3.80 0.15 2850
Dwarf wall sides 2 L = 2.30 - 0.40 Roof of verandah 1 5.00
190 . 0.20 0.60 2.55 0.10 1.275 15 cm bearing
0.46
=1.90m f Lintel verandah front 1 4.80 0.10 0.20 0288
•
Out to out •
Stq,
l•step
•

•
B.F. 6.76
I Llntel Verandah sides 2
Lintel over doors,
215 0.30 0.20
Same ma.rkl'd as for (a) in
0� 15 en, bearing
•
1 200 0.60 windows etc 0.240
items 6
•

i--step 0.19 0.23

1 1.40 0.30 0.15 0.06 • Tot� -l911 m3
·
Total 7.05 m3 8 7.5 c: m lime concrete in roof tei,icing complete with surf1ce
5. 2 cm D.P.C. 0£ 1 : 2 •
•
�111m1 morur wit · fiuw• h mg
.
h water proofing mater
ials
Long walls • Roof of room 1 4.40 3.20 - 14.08
2
•

.. 4.90 0.40 Length, breadth

- 3.9 2 Roof of verandah 1 5.00 2-tO -
Short walls 12.00
2 same as plinth ,vall
VerUUWi
'
290 0.40
2.32 •
- •
•
Tobi -l911 m1
•
Pillars 9. Su wood work in chowkh.at 2 vert. - lo.I in each
3 0.40 - �-i-
•
0.40 ------�--,,--,--- 1 hor. - 1.00 m each
•

0.48 , -
I

-
•
7 - 72 vert. -1.40 m each
■

Deduct, door sil • Door (including 4 cm

ls 2 6.72 2 5.08 0.10 0.08 0.081
1.00 insertion into floor)
•
0.40 •
0.80
- 2 hor. -1.00 m each
' Windo,vs 3 4.80 0.10 0.08 0.115 (10 x 8 cin frame)
Toti) S.92 mt
• Total 0.196 m 3

•
,,. ·-·· ·- ·-·
•
 •
' •
.,;;

Costing
,;,,,. •

mat1n g and -
""°nua I of Est1 -
C

114 I Complete �

du woo d D d uct :
r .tnclc d shut tcn of deo ,,..- --; 1
io. 4 cm ihl ck
2 o.s7 1.935 - 3.367 15 cm rebate central pillars 0.30 0.15 - o.o.ts
--...... 2 0.15
Door 0.87 == 1.00 - 0 d e pillars 0.15 -
.15 Si 0 0-15
'
3 0.8,7 1.27 - 3.315 Total 0.090
•
+ 0 °'l �
,
•
Net lotal- u.19 mt
( . .
flo or
�

without lime concrete)

•

� z_5 cm c.c . 1: 2: 4
1.935: 2.00 _ .Q. 1�
,n

16· 2
• • 2
... 00o rs s il ls 1 · 00 0.30 - 060
Total 6.682 mi + 0.01 ran d� h
Sills of ve
i• -
r,e nin g;- fron t m 1 3.90 0.20 - L == -4 so - 3 x 0.30
()r n p iliars
•
1.27 = 1.4 -0.15 +QQ!· 0.78 = �-90 m •
. 2 bet'\'ee
2 2.00
11. Iron fittings including •
Si d es 0.20 - 0.80,
scre,,·s and fixing for Same as for item (10) 6.68 mZ •
Tota\ 2.18 m?
•

doors and 1,•indo,,·s ••

pl as ter in g in ceiling with 1 : 3 cement and ton,e SiU\
mlll
12 Pr�ast RC.C. slab 17_ 12 rtU d
111o
- shel\'C complete ,,·ork 1
Ro<>In 4.20 3.00 - · 12.60
3 1.08 0.20
�

including stccJ 0.05 0.032 m' 4 en, bearing

reinforcement and Verandah 1 4.20 2.00 - 8.-10

1
• •
•
. form ,,·or k • . Total 21.00 mt
13 RC.C jail work 4 cm tz in m pla st ering in ,valls with 1: 1: 6 cement lime and local
18.
,, thick in vcntilators �dmortar ,
-
complete ,,·ork - tn,ide : Room
l
2 0.60 0.30 •
0.3'6 m2 •
including steel -
Long ,valls 2 4.20
r reinforcement and 350 29.40
I
form v.·ork •
•
Short wal ls 2 3.00 - 3.50
.
21.00
•

14. Mild steel in ...

Jambs, sill and soffit 1 - L = 1.00x2 + l.'l0x2
• 11,
5.40 0.20 1.08
Reinforcement bars of sheu =5.40 m
4.91 X 7
incJudmg bending.in
100
)(
78.5 2.698 q Density of mil,i Vcran.dah •

RB. ,,,ork (at 0.7% of steel = 78.S q/ cu. m

Wall 1 4.20 - 2.60 11.76
item 7)
•
• 3 faces of cent1al
•
6 nos. in each door Pillar inner face 7 0.30 . - 2.20 -t.62 pillar and 2 faces of
•
each enc\ pillars.
•
' and 4 nos. •
• ·1----------+--=+---+---��-��--'4
Hold fast in doors
and windows 24 @ 1 kg· each� 24kg 0.24q 4 nos. in each •
• c.o. 67.86
ivindo,v. (Hold fasts
•
Verandah above pillars (inner face)
may be taken under
•

------.i._------L-��-_Jseparate item)
•
Front 1 4.20 - 0.60 152
1
•

Total 2.938 q -do-sides 2 2.00 - 0.60 2.40

L = -I.SO - 3 x 0.30
• 15. 2.5 cm c.c. 1 : 2 : 4 floor over and including 75 cm lime concrete Soffits of verandah
1 3.90 0.30 - 1.17
=3.90m
• • linte1is front
= Out to out •
•

- 2 d\\'arf ,,·"lls
Soffits of verar.dal1 2.00 0.30 - 1.20
' lintel sides •
= (4.2 + 2 X 0.30 + 2
Vertical faces of inr,er .,
•
•
0.30 220 1.3
Room 1 4.20 3.00 - X 0.05) -2 X 0.20
1260 wall below lintel
=4L50 m '
Total 76.47
• •
• • •

, One surface to each.

•
= (20 + 0.30 ◄ 0.5)
•
, • •
100 4.00
• Deduct door o�gs 1.00 •
• - 0.20 •

•
= 2.15 m Outside: Room
-
I,
Verandah 3.50 16.80
4.50 2.15 9.68 Back ,vall 1 4.80
3.50 25.20
, Total •
22.28 Side \\'alls 3.60 •
•
•
 • ' • •
•
osti ng Detailed Estima e
rn;1 ti n9 an d c Chapter 61
I Est ·
" • ""' 117
4IQI
,Y.anuaf of
Ht.= 0.45 + o.os a sh i ng 3 coals
-...... .- W]Ute w . .
Ju Jin g 10 - 0.60 294 . 21'- Same as ms1de an item pla
i nc ster
Plinth
G. L. an d l 4.90
=0.60 m + 0·10 d e wall 7247
�t (18)
''' S
on � W �
cm offset bJCk - 0.60 4.38 Same as ceiling plaster (17)
3.6.5
,

_ [)o-sid6 2
Ht. = 3.50 - 2.9 ceili11& 21.00
•

- 0.525 252 7s Total 93.47 m?

Fretnl ,,·aJJ a b<W C 1 4.80 = 0.525 m
\,crand.th roof Ht.= 0.15 + 0.10 - eo1our w ash ing one St1me as out in item side {18)
Roof projc ctio � fr ont 2 5.00
•
- 0.25 250 21·
ov er coats of
= 0.25 m coaL Plaster
t\\'O 79.07
and back s hin g
3.60 - 0.25 1.80 w hil e w a � •
• -
-Do-sides beto,v
• • •
•
One face of centr
al [)edu d pa rtio n
1 19.80 - 0.10 1.98
L = Outer perimeter
verandah pillar ·5 0.30 - 220 3.30 pillar and two faces G.L • I
minus step
· .&-rnl�ui7 each of end pillars.
__
•

____.L..-L-=-· ----1�.
Lou_rer_- _taces = (!.90 X 2 + 6.00
•

c.o. 59.44 •
"" Total Tl.09 m2 X 2)-200

Vtnnd.tb above pillars {outer face) •

=19.SOm
· -
•

Front 1 . 0.60 288 and windows two coats over one coat of priiiiing
Pai nti ng of d oors
-Do-5ides 2 230 • - 0.60 ·2.76 22-
•
-
?x
•

...
Verandah plinth wall - Step to be deduct ed. 1.00 -
4.90 0.55 2..70 200 9.00
• '
1 [)oofS 1 18 for one face
front •

-
I

-Do-5ides 2 235 0.55 259

�
•
...
3x
•
•

Total centre length

•

1
LOO -
•
Windows 1 1.40 9.45 18 for one face
• •
• . = 2 X 4.60 + 2 X 3.40 •

Parapet \\'alls (all =16.00 m

'
•

- 0.875
•
1 16.00 14.00 Totu 18.45 m:
four walls) Ht. = 0.30 + 0.20
•

•
• • + 0.375 23 Coal tarring two coats in back o f Chowklut s ..
=0.87Sm
•
• •

length same as
2. 5.08 0.10
•

• Total 84.37 Doors - 1.02 cho,..,khats in item 9

Deduct
• •
•
Windo,vs 3 4.80 0.10 - 1.44
I •

-
•

Window· openings 3 1.00 1.40 4.20 One face of each.

•

Total 2.46m:
Ventilators - - - -
•

• - No deduction. .
••

s1 p
e
_ __ ___ ___,__1�_2_00-:__.__-_·
•

r ••
· - 1.:..:...1:.:0--,
-J.__o_.ss_� Centre line method single room building ,vith front verandah •

Total 5.30
By centre· line n,ethod the quantities of the follo\ving items ma}' be
.. •

To tal o� outside
•

Net total 79_07 mt estimated in a quicker y.,•ay. _ .

. plastenng .
Grand t�ta l of inside and outside plastering . i) · Earthwork in excavation
72.47 + 79.07 = 151.54 ml
19. 20 mm cement plaster 1 : 3 in st�ps finis ii) Lime concrete in foundation •
hed "-ilh n eat cement •
1• step · . • iii) First class brick\\1 ork in foundation and plinth
Tread 1 260 - iv) . Damp proof course
• • •
0.30 0.78
•
I
Rise 1 3.20 0.15 · First class brick\,,ork in superstructure
I

2.. step 0.48 •

v)
.so
•
' 4 x 2 + 3 ·3 0 x 2
Total length of centre lines of ,valls of ro o m
• =
Tread
1
I
1.40 - = 15.60 m
Rise
0.30 0.42 •
1 200 - "' 4.5 + 2.30 x 2
•

0.15 e ra n d a h
Plinth wall 0.30 Total iength of centre Jines of walls of v
• • •

1 · 1.40 - � = 9.10 m
•

0 .15
•
0.21
2 0.30 -• -
0.30 0.18 ·
J t -
- 4 60
· x 2 + 3 .40 x 2
re of U s O f p ro
•

Total length of cen t li n es w a ec

•
Total 7 m = 16.00 m
\

3 2
2.
•

•
• •

•
• • •
> ••••,. ., , ••••� ....
 •
. •,,
•
g
• ,....--· ..------------�D::e�
ta�
1le�d�Es�t�ima�e�
.C 1
'I g a n d Co sti n -��_C_h_a.:.....
p -=te�r :_6 LJ �11�9
ua l o f E sti ma tin ,
,v.a n
2 1.00
complet e
f1 s I o..io - 080
Height
"

ad th Total S.92 m?
Len gth Bre or
Qty. Explanatory n
.... -
rt i cu l m o f N o. depth ote bri c k wo rk in su pe r structure in lim C mortu.
i r, 111)
in s
(m )
ite
( ·s f-t 1 s '
.til s a 5·
B .in d dt f of ,varks 1 15.60 0.30 3.50
•
(m)
� • l(c,0111 • 16.38
ati on in (o un dat i on
in � a,,
.... ..,h w ork
15. 6 0 0.6 0 0.6 5 8.11 No juncl ions as solid ) 1 6.80 280 --9.10- 1 x 2 X Q.30
J. D
1 rallJa h ( 7.39
\fc
U•
0.30
0.65 0.96
2
ROOOIS
3 0.70 =8.80 m
lars
San1c as previous
\fcran. d ah pil 0.7 0
L 9.10 - 3 pillars
•

1 16.00 0.20 1.20

•
=
• • I 373
•
- 2 x 2 junctions • Total 24.97 ml
with main ,vaU
• •

1 6.20 0.40 0.25 0.62

= 9.10 - 3 X 0.7 5
0
•

6 . 1 .
•a111Pl8
•
•
. 1 1
o.-e are the detail quantity estimate of the garage as sh own .1n the figure.
•
-2X 2X0.8Q
1 p
=6.20
• J,
7.5 cm LC. Terracing over 12 an A C.C. srsb

2_ 1 O
s_te.:...p______,__l--'-_ __..J._ .
0_ 6_5 0. 1 0 _·
___:_:.:.:.. +-
0::.14
_: �_J Same as p revious tl, 75cm

··
12c:m
,_ Total 9.83 mJ
• ___i.

�-·
1
20 cm R.C,C. � 30an

2 Lime concrete in (oundation

1oc:mR.C.C. Unlef

0.30
(---1
Room 1 �5.60 0.80 3.74 •
•

L 9.10 - 3 x 0.40 3.00m

2.30m
=
1
•

3 0.70 0.70 0.30 0.44

•

. Verandah plinths •
-,x 2x 0.40
7 •

1san1
•
= 7.50 Ill
0.10 0.30 G ¥ -
Plinth d ,varf "'all 1 · 7.50 0.40 S.1me as previous
cm ....
3;�--··.,,._
Step 1 210 0.65 0.06 0.08 cm ••�.,··•.•. .•.
•
Total 456 m l
-·· SECTION ON AB
' �60Clft►
3. I-class brirk in foundation and plinth ..
· .,
Room
I

-----·--· ---,
1 15.60 0.60 0.10. 0.93
•

l "' footing
Shelves
w-1.oom • 1.20m 1.00 m x 1.eo m I
t •
2.J footing ·t 15.60 0.50 0.10 0.78
- 2.oom
• 8 •
Plinth v.•all 1 15.60 0.60 "A •
•
0.40 3.74 t, RamP • a -
x JOOm
Ver. pillars
2.Sm
•'
�e6.5'lm
• ' ••
1" footing 3 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.075 •
10cm�
Plinth v.·all 3
•
0.40 OAO 0.70 0.335 6,50m
Verandah d,,·arf ,vall 1 7.50
-- -· ••••••• •• J

0.60 0.90
• •
0.20 •
Step:
•
•
•
e mo rta r .
L = 9.10-3 X 0.40 of . fir st cla ss br ic lo vo r k in lim
,

•
Superstructure: Wall shall be .C . sla b.
1 11 step 1 ng o ve r R.C
1 0.19 · 0.23 Roof sh all be of li me co n cr ete ter rac i
2.00 0.60
sh utt ers
•
-, X 2 X 0.40
be of sa l w oo d , a nd
•
Wi ndow chowkhat s ha l l wi ll
•
7.5 m sh i sh am w oo d. G a te
2 =
� step=· 1 L!.1 �
.40�J__i0 .� shall be 4 cm th ick t ba ten s of
=
.:.._-1.� ��
- 0.�
15 j� 0.�
06 J . e,
nd
m
•

ir on fra
•

==
30
sh e et ir on in an gl e
be of 20 B.W. G . cm
I- Total 7.05 m l er 7.5 C.
•
all be 2. 5 cm c. c. ov L.
Finishing . : Floor of garage room sh
.
4. 2 cm D.P.C.
of 4 � c. . o ve r 7.5
ch r a m p sh all b e ro �
Room
1 15.60 0.40 an d flo o r of ap p r oa ith 1 . 6 ce me n t
Verandah pillars
- 6.24 1 2 m m pl as tere d w
• •
..
lls sh a 11 b e su r fa c e s o f
0.40 0.40 -· 0.48 L C. a
cm 1: wd mort ar. Ce iling and t h e e x p os e d
Total
1 oca san
6.72 ,.
• •

- •
-
 •

nua I of Estimating and Costing

190 I complete M,a

outer proJ• ections of slab shall be 6 mm cement l

. .
Wit h 1 •. 3 cement coarse san d mortar. 1ns1. d p aster
•
e and O ,d
shall be white washed three coats. w·1n lt _ ws brick work infoundation a p inth
dows an ts1d ,
•
shall be painted two coats over one coat 0£ ri in d g�t, ar n d l w .
J. !;d 111ort ilb 1 : 6 <�
tnt
• P nt g.
. Solat1on: · · - car-age
Here, •
tpng walls 2 7.20
Motor garage _ Long ivall c. to c. Jength = 6.50 0 o.,ro 0.50
+ .30 = 6.80 m rt w alls
Sho ----_...._ 2 2.83
andr , Short wall c. to c. length= 3.00 + 0.30 = 3.30 m. �=- __.
2 .___ .90 -1._0�.40-l 0.50 1 Lt6.80+<) 40=7.lp m
Jl=m ��.l._�1 ·�6�L==3
•
.a p
App roach ramp- Front wall c. to c. _len
gth= 2.50 + 0.10 = 2.60 � ==�---�Ll�mr-��--=-::--r---JH�
front walls 1 2.70
.JO-o.40 == 2.90 m
0.35+<J.15== 05 m
and, Side ,valls c. to c. length = 200 + 0.20 + 0.5 tn 0.10 0.20 0· o-:,
= 225 m L==260+{).1 O==
Details of measurement and calc dew all5 2. iO m
•
ulation of quantiti Si 2 2.00 0.10
es 0.20 L -� 0 .10 0.40
0.03 - 2 - :ie-') "�

Dime nsions in inetre 2

• •
•

r: Puticu.lu, of It�ms •
• =2.00m
f Mid dtt.tils of work No. Lmgth Breadth Height an thic k d am � proof course T oti) 4.17 m '
4. 2 1
or Explanatory
Qty. not,
l. wtbwork in rxcavalion in !ou Dept h Long walls 7.20 -
t

2 0.40
ncb tion 5.76 Lengthsame as
Guagc Short walls 2 2.90
Long ,valls
- • • 0.40 - 232
item (3)

2 7.40 0.60 0.65 L == 6.80 + 0.6()

•
5.77 Deduct sill of gate 1 8. 08
Short walls == 7.40 m 2.50 0.40 -
•
2 270 0.60 1.00
L =3.30 - 0.6()
• •
• • 0.65 2.11 Net tota l 7 . 08 mt
•
• =2.70m s. 1-c:ws brickwork in superstructure
•
in lime morur
long Walls 30 Cllt
•

H=0.35 +03
• '"
•
In filling in plinth =0.65 rn width . 2 7.10 0.30 1278 L •6.80 + 0.30
•
3.00
(Ht) = 15cm- 7.5cm L == 6.50 - 0.10 Sh ort walls 30 cm = 7.10 m
1 6.40 2.90
=7.S cm 0.075 · 1.39 =6.40 m width 2 3.00 0.30
•
B == 3.00 - 0.10
I' 3.00 s . .ro L • 3.30 - 0.30
• • •
•3.00m
=2.90 m Tota l 18.1 8 ml
De d u
I'
•
�avation front wall • • , , c t
l• 2.80 0.20 Gate Opening
0.34 0.19 L = 260 +0.20 ','
1 0.30
=2.80 tn Wind ow opening
2.30 l. '725
Excavation side 1vall 3 1.00 0.30 1.2 0 1 .08
•

2 1.85 _- 0 .2 0 0.60 Shel ve Openin

I

0.20 • g 2 1.00
•
0.34 0.25 L 22.5- 2 0 .20 1 .SO 0.72 B =20ca,
- 2 t
Lin el over gage.
=1.85 m 1 290 0.30 0.20 0.17-1 {a) Bearing 20 on
2. lune concrete n Tot4'1 9.71 mJ Untel over window
i foundation 1.20
• • •
3
lintel over shelves
0.30 0.10 0 .1 0 8 {a) Bearing 10 cm
' 2 1.20 0.30 . 0.10 o.on (a) Bearing 10
Longs ,valls • cm
2 7.40
• Total of deduction 3.879 Total of (a) sum=0.3Sl "
Short \\'alls 0.60 0.30 • Hall of carth,,·ork
2664 Net totu 14.30 ml
•

6
•

lluip 2 2.70 0.6() in excavation · R.C.c. 1 : 2 : 4 work excluding teel and its bm
0.30 0.972 · l--fin ::���·�g s d in g bu t
Front walls
c l u d in ce�n�t�
2 er�in5g��an�d�s�hu� �tl�er�in�g�a.n�d�bi� nd=ing s.::
t l
:; � � ee
•
,----t;::=;-i:::::::;:�
•
.::
1 2.80
•

0.20 Roo f
•

s
•
0.10 la Stee l bars are taken
•

0.056 L san,e as b 1 7.40 3.90 0.12 3.463 separately under

Side walls •
exc •
• avation item no 14.
•

2 1.95
•
•
O.io 0.10 0.2 0 0.60 Lin tels over gate,
Same marked
•
0.078 .. L =225- 2 - Window and shelv 0.35-l
2 •
es •
asm items •

= 1.95 m Slab of shelves 20

Total 3.77 rnl cm 2 x
•

Width 1.10 0.20 0.05 0.066 Bearing San

3
Tot� 3.883 m1
 plete Manua I of Estimating and Costing
f22 Com I

Detail
ed Esti
� 1.5 cm Jimt cont'fete in roo( mate -G.
Cha Pter
61
•

rm-.1cing including m
•
1 7.40 . 3.90 - f "ate 35 c 123
fini.,hing surfa«' 28.86 mz ...-__,_,_.5;11 o r r 1 250 OJS
• • . ..n.dth
8· 12 mm pl.uler ermcnt sa,nd t : 6 1n v1aJJ-1ns1de
,..

2 6.50
':-:��t::���T�[:-1�=-1-T:.::�.tll r2D�.38�rn�z+-----
o f Cn, C.C..
�g,� Jls -
•
�rl�u J I. '
2 3,()() -
3.00
300
•
39.00
18.00 'it." f(JflCfll
tt
cc 1. 2: 4 floor
i J1Clud in g 7.5 cm 1 2.10 270
----J
Jambs, sill,, soffits of ncrc tc in ramp 5,67 tnl Over wa U, on
5.60 0 .20 - 0
ly 4
L ::: 2 X 1,8
C
2 litJ1C
en,
shclvcs20cm width 224 0 + 2�1 ood work-Sal c.c.
= 5.60 Ill oo<f inchaukhat
Jambs of gate
Soffit of lintel of gale 1
2 - 0.30 230 1.38 , rz:-w :rought framed 2 4.40 2 nos Vrrtaca
250 0.30 0.10 0.03 ts 1.20
0.75 nxed in window 10 0 O'l m 1 m
Outside
•

2 nos. horizon
Long wall, above cm ><Scm tals
2 7.20 - hick shutters 1.00m
plinth 0.30 cm t
4260 13 4
Short \\'alls above . Sh�ham wood 2
•

2
�.: ��-���. ��-r,----
3.60 0.97 1.17
21.60
'
Jin window
1,attenai 2'll m2 Rebat
Long walls es 1.5 cm
ineluding fittings
Plinth
1-- - -
Short walls -:-:-- --
2
---------- -
7.20 - 0.30
• -
4.32
----, L c 7.1 + 0.1,,, 2
7.
�
Mild steel bar m •
3.883 m• • 0.038
-----i..:--. -7i?
Rrc.�c.�,::ov :ri:""ki;;:t
en,:. :-i
,, tf. ttC.C@l % 83 x 78.5 = 3.0IS q (6) = 3.833 m'
•
Plinth • • •
L = 33.60 + 1.0 · · \Vt. of steel• 78.5
1 3.70 -- 0.30 1.11 = 3.70 10 Ctn; Iro n hold f as ts q/cu. m
, :is. •
• below G.L �vc
•

rage
•
•
Ramp front wall
•

-
•
In willdow -
•
· 1 - h�ight -
2.70 0.10 0.27
•
•
In gate 6 - - -
• •
• .1
-
14 nos.@ 1 kg each
•
-
•

Ramp side walls 2 4 kg •

�

2.10 . - + 16. Street Iron gale 20

0. 74 ,
I
N
.. . 0
B.W.G. in angle irort
• • - frame 1 270 2.30 •
- 621 m? 10 cm extended on
s-ad�
•
Deduct
. _,
Tot�l 13�01 17. While wuhing 3 coats inside ind outside
Walls Same as plaster in item (8) 118.11
Window opening •

(one side) 2 1.00 - Ceiling and outside

1.20 . 2.40 · Same as in item (9)
•
projection 2560
Gate opening (both • •
.

sides) 2 250 - Jambs taken Tot� 143.71

2.30
•

11.50
•
F
�uct portion below G.L
•

separately •
Total ol deduction 13.90 Long wall 2
•
7.20
0.10
•
- •
. Net total 118.11 mz Short wall
9. 6 mm plaster \\it 2 3.70
0.10 -
h1 :
•

3 cement coar:se san Ramp front wall 1 _ 2.70

0.10 0.74
· �rtar Ceiling d 1 6.50 3.00 -
•
•
· 19.50 Ramp side wall 2 _ 210
0.10 0.27
Outer projection of sl
ab, bottom and vertic Tol;u of deduction 2.87
Long side al f�ce •
2 7.40 0.27 Net 140.84 m?
Short side • - 3.99· 18. Painting lw
•

r--------.i 2 3.90 0.27 - o coats over a coit of priming

· i..-__.___-'-----JL---�f--- 2.11 B = 15 + 12;;: 27 cm •
10. 2.5 cm c.c. 1 : �
Total 25.60 m2 Windo,v
2:4 J....""'
1.00 1.20 - 5.40
floor over and •
X
including 7.5 c
N
m lime 1
•
6.50 3.00
.

concrete insid - 19,50

e room
I Cat• e• 230 •- 1142
N ••
2.70
I'
X
• • f""4

Tot.ii 17.82 m i
•
• • • •

• •
 •

�to11eo Estrma
osti ng e �Ch apter61
J of Es timating and C 125
te ""'3n ua
I compre eta ils of me a su rement and calcula. t·to
D n of quant·t
1 ·1es
ATE Of TWO ROO M BU�LDING •

pEJAJlfDES nM part iculars No. Length Breadth If eig

ht Quantity
6.2
• Jtd"• of items (m) (m) (m)
F.xplanatory
note
. 00
s of th e fo ll o w in g it e m s of a two roo m ed Long wall, c/c.
ate t h e qua n ti ti e . b � llclj
Esti m on. length= 4 +6
e giv en pla n and sect i �i
from th
+30+2 .30
x 0

w hw ork i n excavation in foundation = 1060n,

w f.a[t
i) • Short and inter
• •
•
walls, c/c.
, Length= 6+2
A A
•
•
X QiQ = 6.30m

2 L = 10.60 +1.10
Long walls
•
11.70 1.10 1.00
�

25.74
Aootn ◄m x 6m Aouf1, 6m X 6m = 10.60 rn
�rt walls 3 510 .1.10 1.00 17.16
L = 6.30-1.10
• •
= 5.20m
"' • Total 42.90 m1
E • •
•

◄.OOm ---.. i--�.,__- · 6.00 m

•
ii, Ume concrete in foundation
•
2 1.10 Length same for
• Long walls •
11.70 0.30 7.72
excavation
•
3 of
• Pt.AN
3 520 1.10 0.30 Qthmtity
Short walls 5.15
• -7.5 cm LC. Te,,ace Over 13 art R.C.C. •
excavation
Total 1287m1
-

• • •

••
•
All wans are or sa,,.e SOCtion iii) First class brick ,vork in 1 : 6 cement mortar infoundation •
•
Lintels over Doots. Windows and and plinth
•

• •
Shelves are 15 cm th.Ide R.B .
•
Long walls
• •
L = 10.60 + 0.80
1 st footing 2 11.40 0.80 0.20 3.65
•
30 •
•
• = 11.40 m •

2 cm 0.P.C. • L = 10.60 + 0.70

•
-- 2.5 cm c.c. CNer 7.5 cm LC . 2nd footing 2 11.30 0.70 0.10• 1.58 •
•
• = 11.30 m
• 60cm
, L = 10.60 +0.60
40
0.10 .
1..1-t
•
G COi 3rd footing 2 11.20 0.60 = 11.20 m
• Doors D-1.20 m x 2.10 m
10cm Wrd.'>ws w.1.00 x 1.50 m L = 10.60 + 0.50
1.11
l"m ..... J

•
60cm
70an -••·· 10cm Shelves S.1.00 m x 1.50 m 4thfoo?ng 2 11.10 0.50 0.10 = 11.10 m
- •.•. .• •• . •••..•••. . t. an "' t___ 10 cm
, 20ar, L = 10.60 + 0.40
;-
•
•
. . .• �-...... w-. . .._._. 30 cm
•

Plinth ,vall 7.0-i

• •
9' 1.10 m " 11.00 0.40 0.80 = 11.00 m
Fl _,L1-
M ... �00,-�IC,. '"' above footing
CROSS SECTION Of: WALL ON M. Short walls •

l) Earthw ork in exca L = 6.30 - 0.80

•

vation m• foundation 0.20 264

•
·�-') LI me
· concrete in foun · 1 ii footing 3 550 0.80 = 5.50m
•
111) Fust class brickw dati on
ork .in cement mortar 1 : 6 i f L = 6.30 - 0.70
•
iv) 2.5 cm c.c. da_._. n o u n d at io n a nd plinth 5.60 0.10 ·1 .18 = 5.60m
mp proo f course and 2nd footing 3 0.70
v) F.ust class bri
ckwork in 1·•me mo . superstr cture L = 6.30 - 0.60
•
rtar m u 0.60 0.10 1.0'3 = 5.70m
3rd footing 5.70
•
•
Solution: 3
U,.U. 2016, 2076 Ash,�
•
• • •
•
•
• ••
a" u 4;a•. •T• C:!:S Jr
 g and Costin g
complete 11�nuar of Estimatu, Detailed Est.tmate � Chapte 6
r \ 127
I
tytu
fi6
L == 6-v.,0 ..,0 . ,. ,1ass brickwor k in 1: 6 mortar infoun
- d .1on and ·
· 3 S.80 0.5Q 0.10 0.87 1 at P 1 in th
th ic� .d amp � roof course. .
z_S an
•
,. c\ass bnckwork 1n 1: 6 cement mort ar in
pti.nth wall 3 5.90 0.40 0.80 0.566 . -o
L == 630 1 . supetshucture_ .
•

�b<JVC foc,ling == 5 . 90 tl\ ,-\() • {2.063 S hr awan, 2.068 Baisnakhl

•
•
Total 26.10 ml
o.imp proof course
•

i,·)
2.5 an tluck c.c.

0.40 - Lengths satnc

11.00 8.80
•
l.Dngwalls 2 for plinth w · � ROOM
l.Smx4.9m w
•
•
item (iii) all 111
Total 15.88m3
• 10cm
•

Deduct •
•
Door'sills 2 1.20 0.96 0.40 -
Net total 14.92 ml
v) First dass bride work in lime mortar in superstructure •

SEC•AA SEC•BB · SEC·CC PLAN

L = 10.60 + 0.3()
•

Long walls 2 10.90 0.30 4.20 27.47

= 10.90 n, So\utiOI\!
L = 6.30 - 0.30 i) c�nter line method
Short walls 3 6.00 0.30 4.20 22.68
= 6.00 m Length of centre line for main ou\er wall
.Total 50.15 ml
\
· 030
Back and front = 2 3.5 + 0.20 + 3.51 + 20 x ·2 =15.00 m
•

Deduct • •
•
. Door openings 2 1.20 0.30 210 1.51 0.30
•
Sides = 2 4.8 + 2 x 2 =10.2Dm
Window
4 1.00 0.30 150 1.80
openings • • Total = 25.20 m
•

r
•

2 1.00 0.20 1.50 Back of shelves e re ma ins constant £or all ite ms of wo ks in this
Shelves 0.60 (This \en� of centr line
10 cm thick wall no a ddition or subtraction of th e le ngth of
. estimate, because at comers
•

Lintel over doors 2

•
1.50 0.30 0.15 0.15 . Bearing; 15 an·
Untelsover centre line is required).
·0.30
•

windows 4 130 0.15 0.23 Bearing 15 cm n an d ver an dah w alls

For partiti o •

Lintels over · x 0. 30/2 = 3.SOm

Partition wall= 3.50 + 2
•

2 .
•
•
shelves 1.30
r--:----1-.L...._-:;t: 0 .30
:;-:�l:--0.15 0 :.:_
-:---l--_:· 12 j BearinglScm
• 0.30 - 0.30 =3.75 m
ran dah fr o n t= (3 .5 + 0. 20 + 3.5 + 0.5) 2
• To'tal of deduction 4.40 m, Ve 2
•
•
Net total 45.75 ml. 0.30 0.30 = 1.35 m •
•
Verandah sid� = 1.35 - 2 + 2
NOTE •
•
· · Total = S.90 m• ·
-
length of subsequent footings of lo •

11 5 after fir5l footing may·be obtained •

rk ed by stars)
•
simply by deducting 10 cm from fl1rst"f w� e main wall =4 n o s. (ma
,oot1ng. Number of joints with
•
th •
. •
\
•
•
•

wal l
•

lxamole &.2.2 the ma' in

•

ng secti o of
•

co rr es . di
For each joint half of the width from the
n
�
n
that a joi t occu rs
u cte d N 0te
n
Estimate the quantities of ame level shat\ be de ·
. g it
the followtn . ems of a two roo�ed building it
w h which it joins at th e s
the given plan and sec when three walls meet at a place.
!tom tions shown i. n the f gu .
�-
) Earthwo rk in excavation. fo i re .. ' .
o.so
lime conaete . n 1D undation. k=8
· 90-4
· x- =7 3m
11)
• foundation. , . · •• • ne for earthwo r 2
• • n
Le gth of c e n tr e li •

•
••

• I
 ' .,,
•
costi f19
- -·
- - ·- -- - • - • , ... ,., ... ._' .-.
d
v- I

mati ns an
tJ.cnua· 1 0f Esti .-

Ic omP icte . op rnin g,

12s 0.60 � od f or
e rk = 8.90 - 4 2 = 7. 70 2 1.00 0.30 210 11.26 (-ve)
e fo r c oner� t Wo
.. x rn
f cent re Jin . 5 1 .20 0.30 1.50 270 (-vc)
Len gth o . o ws
d
�

W
,- i ft Totill 23..30 m'
wor k for the pa rtiti on and ve r a nd ah
NO' JI le ng h for th e c o n c re te
h
. .
tn
. t
d W a .,,,,,,,,..
on gan d short w all method
•
e nt r e li ne t
as ea rthw or k, be ca us e t e sa m e JO � w ith h L ength of different ,valls have been worked out belo, :
r;he c sa m e tha t fo r e 1 " ii ) to
cen
tre l v
is n ot t h e r th ma in wa ll at the sam e lev el at eac h Joi nt. So tre
wa 'I k w o rk , o: r e . . , h a l Ce tl
m b ric
(ooting 60 c cm ,s. deduded for each 101nt. Us30 an
of 60 o¢1'
. wa
th ew 'dt
, h fat · .,
r ...
wM ,, en t an d c a}-·'
cw a ti on o f qu an titie· s O 30 =750
et ails o f m ••
e-'7 u e or e11tire front, Long walls= (35 x 2 + 0.20) + 2 x
D tire . t,at:k ·2
..... �· 0.30
Length Brrradth Height
•
..0 x =S.10m
s: I)escription of ltelll No. •
Qty �lm1to
ry notes right ot left, sh ort walls = 4.8 + 2 2
(111) (m) (m) Entire
•

.... an d v eran d ah w al ls
•tion
' •

£mhwork ill exava.tion in foundition fotparli .

1. 0.30 =3.80m
H = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 ·t:ott sho rt ,vall = 3.5 + 2 x 2
0.90 18.14
•
Main ,,-all 1 2510 0.30 p arbu
•
+ 0.3 =0.9 ·
H = 0.22 + 0.2 + 0.3 n 0.30 0.30 =3.75m •

Partition and .0.7() 3.07 ah front, Lo g-short ,va ll = (3 � + 0,20 + 0. 30 + 0.0 5) - _ ,

1 7.30 0.60 Vetand 2 2
verandah
•
=0.7m
0.30 0.30 =1.35m
Total 21..21 m3 • . verandah left side, short ,vall = t.35 - 2 + 2
2. Unt conaete in foundation
•
1 25.20 0.80 0.20 4.03
Main "'all NOTE
•

Partition and 1 7.30 0.60 0.20 0.94 ri ht ha nd s� de of veranda h fr � m wa, ll joins with the 30 cm main long wall.
Verandah l\·a.lls The g
ndah ' front wa ll 1s treate short hile the other end as long.
•
vera d as
•

So this end of w
ToW 4.97m3 So, the verandah front wall 'is named as Long-short wall as described in the.
3. l,. cb.s,s brickwork in founcbtion and plinth m.ain wall ·
t
·.
article 4- 10. .
·1st footing 60 cm • 1 25.20 0.60. 0.20 3.02 •
Details of measurement and calculation of quantities
z..t footing 50 cm 1 25.20 0.50 0.20 252
•
Plinth wall 40 cm 1 25.20 0.40 0.70 7.06 Length Breadth Height
• •

:Putition and vaancbh w� 6 Description of ite111 No. (m) Quantity Explanatory note5
�

(m) (m)
-
1.. footing 40 cm 1 1.90 0.40 0.20 0.63 0.50 L F.arthwork. in exc�vation in foundation P.tain walls
7.?CJ =8.90-4x 2 •
0.80
Plinth wall 30 cm 3.10 0 Long,va& •
2 8.30 0.80 0.90 11.95 S.3 = 7.50 + 2 x 2
•
1 0.30 0.70
-
1.70 8.10 =8.CXJ - 4 X -;°
-
•
• •
•
Total 14.93 mJ 0.60
•
4; Damp proof course 25 cm thick '
lShort \\'alls ? 4.30 0.80 0.90 6.19 -l3 = 5.10 - 2 X 2
•

Main wall
•
Putition walls •
1 25.2 . 0.30 - 0.30
7.56 3.50= 3.S0-2x 1 0.80
Partition wall - Short y.•all 1 3.00 0.60 0.70 1.26 J.0:: 3.S0-2X 2 ·
•

DNiuct door still

, 1 3.50
0.70 0.20 - •

1.00 - 0.60 (-ve) 0.30. VenncLlh dwarf wall •

• '
0.70 0.80
.

s. 111 tbs1 britlcwork.an r · ToW 7.66 mt Front., long-short wall 1 0.70 1�56 3:7 =3.75+'" 2 - 2
ement mortu (1 ·. 6) In • 3.70 0.60
Main wall supe11b'u(ture
l 25.20 0.30 0.70 0.80
Partition wall 0.6 =t.35- 7 - -,
•

3.30 24.95
•
left side, short wall 1 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.25
1 3.50. 0.20 •

• 3.30 2.31
•

•
•
•
Total 7l ml
• •
• 7l
•
• •
◄
•
•
 •
Detailed Est1ma e eq..
•
'
Chapter 6 I 131

-
130 ' � th w a ll 30 cm 1 1.00 0 30
. 0.70 0.21
u nd J li o n ...
.
a n f o Total 14.93 m'>
c o llcttt t
proof course
p
11
2. (jJTl t
c k dam
an thi
.
•
1tw n w i l ls
2 8.30 0.80 0.20 2.66 8.3 = 7.so +
2 o� �--- �
....
zS
wa�
ll, 2
)(""'
wa
•
•
Lon g - 7.80
2 0.30 - 0..30
1.38 J;,1'(} walls
0.20 ;:-,... 4.68
0.80 7.80= 7.50 + 2 X 2
4.3 = 5.10-ix� •
4.30
Shor:1 ,¥alls 2
2 4.80 0.30 - 0.JO
on w il l l5hot; walls 2.33 -1.80= 5.10 - 2 X
•
r utiti 2
0.60 0.20 0.39 3.2 = 3.80 _ 2 )(�
Short ivall
1 3.20
ii
1
r,rtition walls
1 3.50 0.20 - 0.70 3.50= 3.80 - 2 X OJO
2
-
t:
d warf w all tion for door 2 1.00 0.30
Vaan dJh •
[)educ 0.60 (-ve)
1 3.75 0.60 0.20 0.45 3.75=3.75+O.� � Total 7.66 mz •

nt Jong -short wall 2- 2

fro •
' brickwork in ceo1ent mortar in supastructur e
• 1,. c!JS•
Ldt1ide MJ iO w a ll5
�

- • Lime cone. bets 2

w a lls 7.S 0.30 3.30 15.45
[.ong
• •
with 60 cm of main
•
• '
•
w a lls 2 4.80 0.3
1 0.75 0.60 0.20 0.09 wall 0.75 = 1.35 5horl 3.30 9.50
Short wall w al ls 1 3.50 3.30
0.60 0� parti tion 0.2D 2.31
- 2 -- ... gs
•

ion for ope nin

•
{)educt
•
.
2
•
•
2 1.00 0.30 2.10 1.26 (-ve)
•
... Tolal 4.97 m' [)oOrS,D
Windows, W 5 1.20 0.30 1.50 270-ve
3. 1 .. cws brickwork in {ounthtion and plin•th in cement mortu
•

. To�l 2J.J0 ml
(1: 6) •
� walls: Long wall, • ••
•
•
.
3
' •
14 footing 60 OJ\ 2 8.10 0.60 0.11>
'

1.94 8.10= 7 50 + 2x O.� Exa m p le 6.2.

• 2
Prepare the quantity estimate of following items of wor� [2066 BaishakhJ
,, •

0.50
21111 footing SO cm 8.00 0.50 0.20 1.60 8.00= 7.50 + 2x
General specifications:
2 •
2
•
•

Plinth wall 40 cm 2 7.90 0.40 0.70 Foundation and plinth: Fust class brickwork in cement mortar (1:
4.43 • ij
Short wall •
•
. 4) over lime concrete (18 : 36 : 100). .
0 ii) Supe rs trudure walls : First, class brickwork in cement mortar (1 :
t• footing 60 cm 2 4.50 • 0.60 0.20 ·
•
1.08 4.50 = 5.10 - 2x ·� , 6) over 2.S cm thick D.P.C. (1 : 2 : 4) and
·
••

• •
parapet walls shall be of cement mortar (1: ..
?Iii footing 50 CD\ 4.60 0.50 . 0.50
2 0.21) 0.92 4.60= 5.10- 2x 2 '
•

4). In superstructure 15 cm thick R.C.C. (1:

, .
•
•

Plinth wall 40 en, 2: 4) band lintel shall be provided.

•

2 4.70 0.40 0.70 263

•

,
Putition wall: Short
• wall •
•
lli) Roofing : The roof shall be 10 cm thick R..C.C slab
with stone chips (1: 2 : 4) and 10 en, (av.)
I

1 footing to cm 1· 3.30 0.40 0.20 0..50 •

. 0.27
•

e terracing (2 : 2 : 7). The R..C. slabs and

11
• 3.30 = 3.80 - 2 X z lim
beam shall be /. reinforced,.
1
• •
°
Plinth wall 30 cm 1 3.48 0.30 40 cm levels l,·ilh SO
0.70 0.72 . iv) All R.C.C. w or ks except roofing shall be 0.8 /, reinforcecL
• 1
•
Veri_nd�h dwarf wall: Front, long-sh
• cm of mail wall •
ort wall . al l b e 25 m m th ic k art if ic ia l st on e w ith
v) Flooring : Sh
•
I

· cr e te (1 : 2 : 4) wi th st o n e chi p s
1" footing 40 cm cement con
•
1 3.70 0.20 ' 0.40 0.50
0.40 0.30 a t ce m en t fi ni sh in g a t to p .
fmished with ne
•
• 3,7 C 3.75+' 2 - 2
•
Plinth wall 30 cm
• •

g sh a ll b e 7 S cm th ick li m e
1 3.70 0.30 0.70 0.30 0.40 Under floorin
0.78 3.8 = 3.75+' - ·
2
•

Wt side, short wall 2 . 1 a a n g o v er a bn· c k

. rr
•
te
•

(l
concrete z : 2 : 7)
111 footing 4-0 cm 1 0.90 0.20 £tat soling.
0.40
• 0.07 •
•
•
• •

!I
► ....,... , .... � ....
 ual Estin1at1ng and Costing
f Complete I-NJn
•

I
•
of ,
132
LC (2:2:7)
SOmmxJOOmm AV. 10cm • • Af\ over
r---stnnc Courie IO(m R.C.C. SL
.t.:.
JO

• M.s. plate
. if29c�Sc;:r
�====;=JS�c�m�R�.cc:C.c:=:T cm
• an d Ms
inm x 6 mrn
•
45 . m
f'and Lint�l
!.f 60cm ft� shall be O at 4() cla p s f or frames so
Scm cm long.
� r-
painted t Iron wo
l. � on: Wo coat rks
rr==r=i1
- •
sotu ti s•

j,. vizscn·ption of items

•
P.L. No.
G.L.
... . ... GI
hplazuto
ry
•

,.,Work in excavation
•
_....ua
..�
, :t.
• ,

i) for foundillion trenches: long-short "'"ll

• Dlethod
r- - • �-,
t
RoolllS, Jong walls 2 10.00 0.
90 0.90
162
w • I
10.�.1 + 2 0
•

•
14.SM
r s 4·0\f a.
R.c:c. • Roo ms, shor t "·alls .
3 3.00 0.90
X
,
.9()

r ,.� RobM t Ream ., 45cm

0.9()

�:w • 4.SMil.6M
\'iEB1 ZOxlSan J\
I � D -i P"I"""'°'
TL cl I
R�M w:,.. a. Vetandah front long
o walls 1 9.90 0.70
30cm I ]Om,
4.0Mfl.6J.t 0.9()
30
Verandah sides Short
walls
-') 1.05 0.70 0.9() 1.32 1.05 = 1.85- 0.90 0.70
•
2 - 2
• Tot� 7.56
•

,
Tot� of (i) 31.05 IJ\1
I •
I
ii) Steps 1 260
Sil.PS 0.80
•
A I•
�
1z·. �
a
•f
·
Tre&d - 30011
Rise - 15cu SP.Cr101
I"
I
15 0.31 1
0.80�(1.o + ;x 030)-
0.70 •

PQ- Tot�l of (i) + (i i) ?

I
' OK
,
PLAN 2. Euthwork in filling 31.36

vi)
•

Finishing • � Foundation '1" th

: Outside walls
• •
plinth offset shall
up to plinth
including I
trenches 5, of excavaoon (app) 6.21 3.50 = 3.60 -0.10
be 20 mm thiclc
cement
•
plaster finished ill Plinth of room 1
smooth with nea 3.50 4.40 0.-0 6.62
t cement -l.40 = -t.50 - 0.10
Inside and outsi . Plinth of room
de walls shall 1 3.50 3.90 0.43 = 0.60 - 0.10 (soling) ..
be 12 mm 0.43
f

cement plastered 5.87--

• ceiling 6 m
(1 : 6). R.C. slab and
•
-0.75
m cement pla
•

stered (1 : 4). Plinth of verandah

• •
Inside walls t 1 8.90 1.50 0.43 5.7-1 0.30
hree coats white • 8.90� 910 -2 �
outside two washed and • 2
coats colour w
vii) coat of white w ash ed over a Total 2450 m 1 1.50 = 1.85 0.40 -0.30
Doors and win ash.
I
- 2
•
dows : Frames sha 2
ll be of Sal w 3. lune concrete
ood,. shutters of in foundation
Indian teak w
ood 35 mm thi i) For walls
wood panel ck Indian leak
ed typ e desi Rooms, long walls
painted with gn and shall be 2 10.00 0.90 0.30
two coats ov Rooms,short,�alls
Back of door er priming coal. 3 3.00 0.90 0.30 7.83
and Window
frames shall be
•
• painted With T.L 29.00 0.90 0.30
two coats of Verandah front •
gratings shall coal tar. Window Long
be 16 mm dia walls 1 9.90 0.70 0.30
•
40 mm X 16 . M.S. bar with
mm intern . Verandah
•
•

u:d iate stiffener I

sides shor t
•
walls 2 1.05 0.70 0.30
•

• •
T.L 12.00 0.70 0.30 2.52
•

:c.,,,..,, ,,,.t.f,•n••.,,,.
 •

mating and Costin g

Manual o f Esti
I com ,...le
Pl\:,
13 4 .,,,,._..-----------:-• --�De:::ta�1�le�d�Est�· �1 �ti
1.00 1S 0.39 I:' ma_t_-o.
e _C_h-=a::.!:p t e�r
1 260
3 :..::.::. 6�1 --.:1�3�5
,i) Steps l 1.20 0.30
To�I o( (i) + (ii) 10.74 m
,,,...-'i:,c,ot �ills -
- 1 03
. 4) . fo un d at io n and plinth • Net total
.
1,, cJ.i.,s bnrk w a.oo ml
111
1 .- ,. w5 bnckwork (1 : 6) in superst uc
· (1
ork · --............
4.
1 c r t ure
, iJ l\'.ills:: Rooms (long
w�IJs)
•
6
� L011g short wall method
will,

2 0.60 0.20 0.23 9.70 = 9.1 + 2 X Q.(j()

'

J" footing
9.70
2 I - c, Jong \\'alls 2 9.40 0.3 0 3.6()
• 1 1 ....
20.30
�c,()
I,
0.50 0.20
I 2-'footing 2 9.60 1.92 9.60 = 9.1 + 2 xP.5Q
2 I I, ROOu c, short y.·alls
......, 3 3.60 0.30 3.60 11.67
9.40 = 9.1 + 2 )( 0.30
2
verandah over lintel
:

Plinth wall 2 9.50 0.40 0.80 6.08 . X .9-4-

9'SO = 9, 1 + 2 0
2
Short walls
• ,,, front, tong walls 1 9.40 0.20 0.90 1.69 9. 0 .20 + 2 X 020
•

,, 4 :.<J 2
1" footing 0.60 'L19 3.30= 3.90 - 2 0.6() Sid�, short ,va Its 2
•
3 3.30 0.20 1.60
X 0.20 0.90
2 9,4029.20 + 2 X 0
''
058
-;n -
,,

Z"' footing 3 3.40 0.50 0.20 1.02 3.40=: 3.90 - 2 X Q� 5 .20 0.20 2.70
160 • 1.ss - o.�o - o.20
'

Plinth �vall 3.50 �----------:;T�ot: a�l�b=efo� :re� � � � - � n+-

-o -�.,--J - 2
0.40 0.30 3.50= 3.90 - 2 X 0.40 d i
,,
3.36 e d .
•
3
'• •
'
' .
0educt1ons
uct J"t..78
•
•
•
B.F. 15.90 :I
[)oor openings D 3 1.20
•
0.30
;

2.10
'
c.o. · 15.90 2.27
Window opcnin1�s W 8 1.10 0.30
Vrrancbh front, long wa.11 1.50 3.96
R..C.·band lintel foT
,
•

1" footing
•
• 1 9.60 0.40 0.20 9.60=9.20 + 2 X 0.40 Main walls 1 29.60
0.71 0.30 0.15
•
2 1.33 29.60 is the total len
Verandah 1 gth
•
12.60
•
•
Plinth wall 0.20 0.1 5
1 9.50 0.30 1.00 0.30 0.38
285 9.50=9.20 + 2 X Shef�es openings 1 1.10 0.20 0.15
•
•
0.03
. •

Verandah sides short walls 2

•
• • •
Total deduction No deduction for ends
•
7.79 of
I• footing 2 1.35 0.60 0.40 lintel
0.40 0,22
•
• 0.20 1.35 = 1.85-
•
Net totil any method
2 .... 2 26.81 ml
Plinth wall 1. 10 cm thick brickwork (1 : 4) parape t
(Lowerpart) 1.45 -= 1.85 - o.so 0.30
•
1.45 0.30 0.20 0.17'
•

•
Plinth wall • 2 Sides short . 2 6.00 - 0.70 8.40 6.00=3.60 + 2 X 0.30 + 1.60
0.30
1.50 = 1.85 - 0.40 0.30
2 1.50 0.80 + 0.20
(Upper part) Q.72
r__c lc_an_d_fr_o _n_t _lo_n..;;;;g----ii--.2-.1..._9._-t0 _..,-J._o._ 7.,:.04-..:1 6
• Ba
• • 0
2 - 2 ---1.. .:.;·3 :.:l :_J9.40 = 4.50 + 4.00 + 0_90
•

ii) Steps 0.70 • 0.660 + 0.10 (LC.)

•

1 2.40
• •
0.45
•
0.65 Total 21.56 m2
• I
insertions of LC. arc
('i
•

.
. ' co unted ,,·ith bricklvork
8 Tor steel bars includin
'

, ,. g cutting, hooking, bending an

Toti! o( (i) + (ii) 21.28 ntl d
5. 2.5 cm thick DP. C (1: 2:4) •
• binding
Long-shorl wall method @0.8% volume of item
'- •
for 8 nos. and 0.6% of
volume of item for 8
•
nos. = 0_47 + O.IS = 0_62 m' 486.7 kg \Vt. of 1 m'ofTORstcel =
Long ,valls @ 7850 kg (4.87 qui ) 7350 kg (clear area)
2 9.40 0.30 .
5,64 0.30 9• Sal Wood
• • 9.40 =9.1+2x- '. work for
Short walls 2 frames
3 3.60 -
0.30 ·
•
3. 24 3.60 • 2.9 - 2 X 0.30 Door frames are ,,ithout
Pillars
5 sill 2 vert. with 4 cm.
•
•
0.20 0.20 - 2

Deduction
Tot.ti before
deduction
0.20
9.08
, Q Doors 3 5.48 0.10 0.08 0.132 insertion in floor + 1
(nor.) 2 X 214 + 1.2 = 5.48 •
•

5.20 � 2 (1.10+1.50)
•
•
ii) Windo,vs
8 5.20 0.10 0.08 0.333
•
I' •
•

• •

•
 ·"'""'
""�ti ng Cost ing
fvWluat of Est
and
I cmplete
o
136
Dela,�d Es
t lll\:1te �C
• g
• rI ud an
ha Pter 61
.
wo od p and sh ut te1J u,
Indian tt.ak
137
ck
JO. 35 n,m thi .,,,.,.,,-t,)11�

I .111 {ittin&'
• 1.07 = 1.2- 2
(frame) • 2 x o
x o 08
.15
(rebates) 2.QJ ::: 2.l
. oo111•ideup to
�,.
thh opcrung
veran bove 1 9.40 - 2.70
25.Jg
- -oa lt00111 side a 1 9.00 -
3 1.07 203 6.52 (wtt• h out botto
Q Doors m stilQ + il1V 0.90 s.10
0.015 - 0.01 Cbo open
I •
opening) 0. 97
ttorn
::: l lo ..
v eran da h f �nt
1 9.00 - 0.90
,b(WI? opcrung
•
2� g.10
•

0.08 + 2 XO 015
- eran dah � d es
0.97 1.37 10.63 v 1.60 -
pcrungs
2
ab<JV C o 0.90
Total 17.15 m 2
0.20 -
�

11_ Mild steel work for 2.70

•
X
It')

wando,v gratings
•
ij °' @
16 mm dia. bars @ 1.50 1.58 /run.
170.64
•
Top � of •
operungs (rL., 1
•
� m 8.40 0.20 -
95cmc/c kg S.4{p 9·.40- S x 0.20
,offits} front
ii) 40x12mm
stiffener plates 8 0.94
u
@38 /rn.
28.58 Sides 2 1.60 0.20 _ 0_61
kg m l)ftfuction for o�nings h�ving both fices
providing holes within
l,ul)ding
• • :

iiQ Clamps� x 6 mm I' •

flat40 cm Jong tx
- ito
•
end bifurcated
• I'
Doors 3
1.20 7.56 (-ve) F� both faces deduct one
•

For doors (3 x 6)
Stdt!
18
• I'
lx
Windows -
I

For wirldol\·s (8 x 4) 32 I' l-+------2 1.50 3.30 (-vc)

-----r-t
1.10
.,
SO nos. @ 1 kg each 50.00 � -;- ::--
Deductiot, for other
----i
Total 249.22 kg (2.49 qui) •
ToW (i) 160.80 mt opcnin� have bee!,
12. 12 mm thick cement pbstering (1: 4) fi I
C'.'OMidered front outside
•
nished smooth •
with c,ement punning • plastaittg
i) flli,th 1nll from 15 cm below G.L in ill Outside
cluding offset ...
Back and front 2 9.50 F.ntire back 1 9.40 - 3.70
- 0.80 • 15.20 0.80 = 0.60 + 0.15 + 0.0j I' �.78
Sides 2 6.10 0.80 9.76 - Sides of room 2 4.20 - 3.70 31.08
ii) Steps Verandah front 1 9.40 - 1.00 9.40 3.70--3.60+0.10 (RC. rooi)
•
Treads Verandah sides -
3 240 030 - 216 '
2 1.80 1.00 3.60
60
Puapet outside
Verandah offset has been
•

Sides .
•
• 2 - 0.75 0.90
(av.) included in floor
Back and front - 0.70 = 0.60 + 0.10 (lime
2 9.40 13.16
Deduction for offsets finishing 0.10
• concrete)
of verandah 1 13.20 0.05 - 0.66 ,, Sides 2 6.00 - 0.70 g_40
•

Parapet inside
Total 28.02 m1
13. 12 mm thick cement •
pwter (1 : 6) on walls Back and front 2 9.20 - 0.60 11.0t
i) lnsidt
Sides 2 5.80 - 0.60 6.96
a) Rooms •
Top, back and front 2 9.40 0.10 1.83 9.40 is outer to outer length
Longssides
2 4.50 . - Top, back sides
3. 60 32.40 2 5.80 - 1.16
Longssides 0.10
2 4.00 _
Short sides 3.60 28.80 Deduction for openings
4 3.60 _
Jambs, sills and 3_60 • SLS-1 -
Outside ,vindows 6 1.10 1.50 9.90 (-ve)

"
I
,,
f i o_ f_sh_
-:--so-:- f_ t_ s
1

--
c_lf_-_ 20 . 0
..1__ _·.l_ s.
_ _ o 2 1 Totil (ii) 11156 m
1
� -l_ _ - 1. )
-l_ _J _ 0:t
. s.2 o = 2 (1 .1
_ _� .= =. _ ..= � : .=_--=+ �5 � J' Net total (i) + (ii) 272.36 m1
•
 I

Detailed Estima�le� C
ng hapter 6 I 139
a nd co sti
V. I Crl1rnat1
i;;;,
n9
• ,. ) I

1 38 I' ,...
V
II)
'
r oo m e d b u ilding wit h fro nt v e r ,.,._
--f-11' M-
•
w o a n ,1.' -
f a t d
-----
1 •
, est 1 m a t e o • e tc . C a l c u I a te a lso th a h
d et31·ted
•
• • la n e l e v a ti o ns , e p t ·
1 nt
r,�p he g1·ven dra,v1n fications are as follows:
are a g s. p ' h
{c.o..rn t he genera 1 speci o k · 1 6 c e m e n t
e . T class n b · ck w r m :
area rat l h : 1" lll o t t, r E

.ion and pUn r lime co ncret e.

i
founda t ove I' �

H FRO NT VEA AND At I

OOM BUIL DING WIT
rwo-R
cm L C. Terrace
1 o
·- • cm 1�tion Laye< '
(p□ Ol n,, ,01 II C)
LL
•
•
w
E o5 '-===== . z
0
8 ':'"
--- __J
z
t-� � � l
Mi_: 1--1-- .j-'"
°' � - ..
v'
'
.. ,
0

•
a: I E
oe •

g"' tf� �u
'-\._
'-<
'
g
e:=� .- ...... •
2.5 cm c.c. Floor over
• �

8cmLC
�

HALF SEC'L ELEVATION ON ABCO

• r-- G---------,
•
• • ! :
• •

...cmP
• I I I 1

Windows 1.00 m x 1.50 m

�-
-tiL-- h-r-1 Chaukhal 8 X. 10 cm 10 A'
cm
--� 5-
-
s-r�
• t •
\
A t • B
r
• •
I •

'I Room �.00 m x 3.50 m

•
I •
Aoonl"4.00mx 400m
'I 4.00m . ·40 e,; .
.....
�
2.so m
-
•
1 •
ic k c em e n t m o rt a r 1 : 2 w it h 1 .0 0 k g
th
I

I rs e (D .P .C .) : 2 c m
I ' Oimp proof cou r b ag o f c e m e n t.
I of c o m p o se a l p e
I-- •
•
Doors 1.20 m x 2.10 m m o rt a r. A ll lin tels
6 P+---3.SOcm Chaukhat 8 an x 12 cm � -1 : 1 st c la s s b ri c k w o r k in l im e
- g
. 5.,._ Superstructu•re •

.B .
•

sh a l l b e o f R •

g- r--'----r--.-.J •
o v e r R .C .C . S l a b
• 30ret.!'- J!
l I ; l
----1! � l : L i m e c o n c r e te ,terrac i n g
•
- ...,kt . •
I- . 10cm 20cm.._ , t-
.... 1
Roof of san d an d clay in •
I ,..i_, • - I
with an insul ation layer
-�
I I I -
.I 1 : Verandah • I I between. lim e
J 12.so m k
•
I 2.50 Wide
.
I
I c.c. 1 : 2 : 4 over 8 cm thic
l
t------1 11
Flooring : 2.5 cm thic k neat
I : ti I E f ram med eart h, s urf ace
1, . 1 I · conc rete , o ver w ell
ndah
.
I � 1
.. 20·c.m
,
of do ors and vera
- I
1
l .;.;- --
�-- ------ ------ ---- ----
- - - - -
cm Dia R.C . c . Cof I I
----__ -
__ ,.. �
-
- _
• I
I �
• ceme nt finis hed . Sills
2.5 cm c.c. fl oor.
only
L•_.
•
- - -- J I ope ning sha ll hav e
m thic k
L
l-45 cm Choja Proi-..:..�:.,- ·... ·
------
.... 1.'-'lm •
-
�
' � - - - __ _____ J
2.10 m _ _ _
I
Plastering and finishing : Inside and out s ide w alls 12 m
��s•"'eps- Tread 30 cm
70 �m�=---
..-�2� 1 : 1: 6 c eme nt: li me : san d
• plastered wit h
• Rln-15cm
Al Wlndcw1 1 00 )( 1,50m m m thi ck c emen t p la stered
PLAN
- � · • m •
m ortar. Ste ps 20
- 0
• C --- •
•
•

l rr tt 4 _ft
..•, z• '.' 1• _ ca

.....,... , .....
-.;s "'

....
e>s.,S--

>
 • ,- •

r Es(i,natins and costing

Det_a1led Estimate -6' Cha
pter 6 I 141
I0 I
•
letC ,v.anLJd
f 40 l comP
3 a n d n e a t c e m e n t f in � h cd . R. c. c: •1 8.90 0.70 0.90 5.61
1 : L = S.20 + 0.70 = 8.90 m
n su n- s had e s a nd ch u11 as sh o u ld wo t �
i he f · 2 1.95 0.70 0.90 146 0.90 0 70
and smooth fi ni sh ed w ith out �1 L=2r� 2 - 2 = 1.95 m
n wh i te wa h
s ed t � y �
•
payment. I side 1 290 1.00 0.15 L = 270 + (2x 0.10)
c o l o u r w a sh e d t w ee c� 04-l
and outside o coats ·I =290m
•
o n e c o a t o f w h. 1 te w a s h tn
. g . o\'tt Tout 31JS m1
' . Chowkhat {frame) shall be of Well seas
• dows . • °n e4 ., in filling in plinth
Doors and WU\ S hu tt er s sh al l be 4
•
sal w oo d. crn t'-=
L..--- ::__. htfaf•
paneled of Indian teak wo_od. C.S. 1¥in·uc�
z. tp� L = 4.00- 0.10 = 3.90 m
B = 3.50 -0 .10 = 3.40 m
shutters shall be 4 cm thick gl azed. d� 1 3.90 3.40 0.5-1 7.16
Hl : 60 + 2-8 = 54 ca,
�(i)
and windows. shall be painted two D0oi
I
•

coais =05-1 ms
over one coat of priming. Back of cho 1 3.90 3.90 05-l L = S.20-0.30 = 7.90 m
shall be . painte
d with two coats of sot· w�
: Windows shall be provided with 16 mm �
l�U B == .,-75:, -· 0.40 030
'- - -,
Ml,( ellaneous ite ms 1 7.90 240 0.5-1 10 .23
· mild steel bars: Necessary iron hold fd4 = 2.40 m
shall be provided in doors and wind ows4 as� Total 25.61 ml
nos. rain water spouts of 10 cm dia c L .'
•
.
•

. • ,onarte in foundalion
• 1 m long each sh� be provided. · · pip, J. (jal..
Solution: 1
' •

2 9.00 0.90 0.30 May be taken 3 of

•
(.ongwalls 4.86
excavations
•

foundation of verandah is continuous of same section. •

3
3 .4 0 o.� 0.30 275
•

ShOJiwalls •

Centre to centre length front 1

8 .90 0.70 0.30 1. 87

.
Room long \\•alb = 3.50 + 4.00 + 0.30 + 2 x
0
·i 0 verandah
veran -da h sides .,
-
1
1.95 0.70
290 1.00 0.15
0.30 0.82
0.44
•

. = 8.1� m combined total length Step

Total 10.74 ml
0 30
Room short ,valls= 4.00 + 2 x · 6
2 = 4.30 m ork in fou nda tion and plinth in 1:
•

t I-c]as, brickw
' .
o. 3 o ceulffll mortu
Verandah front = Extreme outer length at plinth- 2x 1ocnm: Long walls
2 L = 8.10 + 0.70 = S.80 m
� {3.SO + 4.00 + (3 X 0.30) + (2 X 0.05)} - 0.30 1- footing 2 8.80 0.70 0.20 246
•

;:: 8.20 m 2..rfooting '2 8.70 0.60 0.10 l.OI L = 8.80 + 0.10 = 8.70 m
+ 3fllfooting 2 8.60 0.50 0.10 0.86 L = 8.70 + 0.10 = 8.60 trt
0.30 + 0.20 _
•

Verandah sides = 250 L = 8.60 + 0.10 = 8.50 m

2 2 -2.?5m Plinth "�all 2 8.50 0.40 0.80 5.44 •

Details of measurement and calculati Short walls

on of quantities
1• footing 3 3.60 0.70 0.20 151 L = 4.30- 0.70 = 3.60 m '
L = 3.60 + 0.10 = 3.70 m
•

3 3.70 0.60 0.10 0.67

• - -

Z Pmiculm o.f item ' .S. 2aJ footing

t �.E.
0
• •

� and details of works No. -fa Quantity Explanatory notes 3"' footing 3.80 0.50 0.10 0.57 L = 3.70 + 0.10 = 3.80 m
- L � 3.80 + 0.10 = 3.90 m
3
5 � ... 3 3.90 0.40 0.80 3.74 •
L EmhwOTk in extavation in fou
...:I Plinth wall
ndat'ion
c= VuancWi: Front wall (long)
L = 8.20 + 0.50 = 8.70 m
1 8.70 0.50 0.20 0.87
Rooms
Long walls t• footing
2 9.00 0.90 0.90· L == S.70- 0.10 = 8.60 m
1 8,60 0.40 0.10 0->l
• •

14.58 L = 8.10 + 0.90 = 9.00 n, • 2aJ footing

3 3.40 0.90 0.90· L = 8.60-0.10 = S.50 m
Short walls
8.26 L = 4.30 - 0.90;:; 3.40 n1 1 &.50 0.30 0.90 2.30
I

I
I

•
Plinth wall
• •

- ,.
I
..;::J_QJ!CS!
. ·- $£ S •
 •
•
•
l Estimati ng and Costing
JCOITlP Ide M13noa of
1,i

S�d�� w�a�,,�,.�h�orf�):._.
Tl�l:: da h :
J
n
0.50 -:
,/"�a
1-(ooting
2 215 :-r0.43
0.20 :�L == 2.7- 0.5o
o 'front (longs)
1 � -10 02 0 040
==2.1s:> -� .. � .IC (s h ort ) 2 06... , lit,
2 Sit 2.50 0.20 :: 27 + 10 + J ==
rn O -10 0
-10 40 Ctll
Total 39.'16
2"'footing 2 225 0.40 0.10 0.18 L � 2.?s _ Q.:!Q o rn1
"'
2 -�
== 2.25
rn
2 r<'pcnings 2 1..20 0.30
c.o. • g.
2.10 151
20.41 \'/iftdow openin
[)()O p� 10 1.00 0.30 1.50 •
B.F. 20.41 cs. WindO\V 12 1.00 0.30 0.50
4.50
2 1.80
Plinth wall 10 cm �elves 1.00 0.20 1.50
L == 2.75 _ !).� O.Jo Back of shelf 10
Jt.lJ. linteh over:
ibovt footing
2 235 0.30 0.10 0.14
06()
2 --.;;,: cm
2
•
::2.35 Ill 2 1.40 0.30
' [)001' 0.10 0.084 ( 1
Plinlh w.iU remaining Windows 10 1.20
0.10
a) 0 cm bearing
L :a 2?5 - .Q-4Q �Jo 0.360 (a)
2 0.3()
portion 240 0.30 0.80 1.15 CS. windows 12
2 - 1.20 0.30 0.10
= 2.40 Ill f 0 432 (a) Total
of (a) s .. 0.9-13 m'
St�pt 511elvcs 1.20 0.30 0.10 o.on (a)
l" step 2.70 Total
0.90
•
1 0.15 9.36
0.36
2ailstep 210 Net total 30.10
•
1 0.(,() 0.15 0.19
3-'step 1 R.B. work in lintels
1111
1 0.30 · excluding steel and
•
1.50 0.15 0.07
... bending but
,
Tobi 22.J2mJ
rrm1oo�ms;;;-------�,-;--------
IP
S. 2cm Duip proof coarse •
including ccntcrmg Same as for items
.-,-------......, • .and shuttering and
binding steel: Over
marked (a) in ite
no.6
m o.m
Long walls
doors, windows and
•
, 2 8.50 ·0.40 - Len� br
6.80
•
cadth sa shelves
rt 1'ralls r for plinth wall rnt �
3
•
3.90
•
0.40 - Ova va. pillars
4.68 •
Deduct door sills Total 11.48 r Front 1
•
2
8.40 0.20 o.so.i
1.20 0.40 - 0.96 Sides •
2 2.30 0.20
0.30
0.30
Out lo out
,/
' 0.336 Inside bearing 30 cm
I 6. 1-d•u Bride Wor . Nd total 10.52 niZ It
k
u: in fin,� mori.r -- --------:=--=-==:.:.=:__+-..:·:_____
in hpuab"'-la
a. R.CC. \\'Orie in ver.
Tobi 1788 Dll
•

"P-���-;;;;;��===::::-=---=:-t
ITi&Loo;;a,;,-- - --:-:. ------J· columm excluding
�

longs w� _JI
•
2 stecl and its bending,
•
8.40 0.30
Short w� 4.00 211.16 length; but inc luding form n(l.5)1
3 4.00 O out lo out 0.19 ms 30 cm insertion into the
4
• 4 x270
•
��
1Ver. Dov� e�linte� = � ::::; ....:.30�-.:::.:.J.....;1::'. work and binding ..
-.L. 4.:::40 Length: in in
I
s (over pillars
4.00
plinth wall below floor
l
� to steel complete (air
I
froru (long)
)
1 8.40 0 fumhed
Side, (short) .21) 0.30
• •
•
2 2.50 0 0..50 9. R.C.C. work e.dud
P�Pd:overr .211 0.30 ing slttl .ind its bend
•

ooms 0.30 including centering Mld ing. bat

shuttering ffld binding sttt
Longsw� f�futished L
2 3.40
•
0.20 Roof sLlb rooms
•
0.(,0 Hl =47 + 10 + 1 8.64 �&.I 0.12
2.02 5.018
•
3 =60 cm 12 cm projectio05
I Short� . =0.60 m
L a: 4.00 + (2 x..30)
Roof slab ver.

Chujja projection ver.

1 3.40 2.30 0.10
•
2.352 10 cm inner bearing,
excludin g chujja
1.01
- (2xQ.ll) front 1 9.30 0.45 0.06 0.251 Avengt thickness
c.o.
•

3&.39 Vtt. sides

•
2 270 0.45 0.06 0.146
BJ:. SllD-shed �nd breakers in
•
38.39 windows
•
•
rroP
•

4 250 o.45
•
•
•

t ,
2

. "-�---- ..'.\ilt,...f-..
.,,rn s ... a ca 2wae••....,.
- .. ,,�...-• • J .. . . .._••
..•• Ma(U:Jf or Est1flld(II� 01 IU \,.V.11•1• '� •

e
•

rcc,mpld

- :�;;�:s.�1�N�xT�1-1---r---,
4 250 0.15
SoNOOI
----===:
145
,;"__.,...Jd fastS in CS.
+ 0..05 0.195 -
-
1.50 N
ows - N -
2-t nos. z
..,,
X 0 �
Total (76 nos. nos per C.S ,,ind
r
ov.·
0

1�10 0.20 0.05 0.666 5 Cilt hearing

si,eJf slab 1.50 - 120 Yer. bars at 10
cm ccitt:res
Toul 8.328m3
I
•
approx_
1D. Mild steel bars . ; 1.00 - -
inchufing bovfmg Ill 2t [Two horiuin
1 1 % of f i..t ban .
@1% 10.3 1 7 8.5 S.lOqui Ota] of i
tems } 144 tn @ 1-5&
reinftn Ct -#tCnf X
100 X
an d9 .g kg 2ZJ.52 kg
ol R.B. and R. C C •

works TObi 303.52 kg

• (3.035 q)
1L JO cm J,me <onadr inrool Ir"' Ying •DBIJ'lde with
'
·11. u • - tD thick pwtmng in walh l:L"'6
CCtb4ent,
S;tlJd. lime
smfitt finishing

Rooms 1 a.oo 4.20

•
- 33.60 Oear ro0f area
in
� Jloc,mS
between parapet 2 3.50 - 4.00
Voancbh 1 - 20.00 Oea r roof area in
I'
., -lOO - 4.00
:is.oo May be la ken as inner
betweo, parapet
I
32.00 � x hl = 15 x 4
ii) Rt,uttlll 4 -lOO - 4.00 6-lOO
Tobi SJ.60mt
vaandah inner wall 1 3.40 - 3.00 25.20
12 3 cm th irk imuhtion Llyer of sand and tby umgth out lo out
Rooms -
va. Front above cols. 1 -
1 3.00 4.20 33.(,() □ear roof area .-rfare
3.00 0.60 uo
Verandah 1 8.00 2.50 - 20.00 Oear roof area I vrr. Sides above rols. 2 250 -
Tob.I 53.60 mt I
• '11..tt face
1
0.f,() 3.00 •
13. wood work in sills and soffits -
pa
,--. 2 5.00 - -
chowkhat wrought 2.1 Vert.: 213 m each ofshelves 2.00 L=2x1 +2x 15 = 5 m
framed and fixed 2 5.46 o.u 0.()8 0:105 1 Hor.: 1.2() m each �ts of ver. lintel
doors (3 01, iMertion
1-�in�to�fl�oor) Front 1 S.-10 0.20 - 1M
---t-+-r--t�i- Sides 2 2.50 -
No deduction for col ends
Windows 10 5.00 0..10 O.OS
• � �
0.400
lzv
2 V�
ert�:ii
1.50�m e�
ach-� ,':
�'
0.20 1JX)

2 Hor.: 1.00 ToW 161.68 •

m each Ded1act openmg., m
• •
•
cs. Windows 12 3.00 0.08 0.0& 0.230
2 Vert.: 0..50 m each wall in betw� ver.
2 Hor.: 1.00 m each
•

--1._-__.:-=r-:::-1
I. and room
Tobi 0.735 m, Door openings 2 1.20 - 210 5.0l One ,rurr,,ce of each
'

14. 4 <a,-tbick Indian tnk wood paneW d

oor md window
shattas including fittings • �Wi�m�Ml�o�Vt�·�
open��in�gsE..__Jt....=
2 00 1
_i_..:.:·:..:..
150 3.00 One surface of e;ich
Doors
•
Other doc:,r, and \\indo,vs
2 1.0'1 - 2035 4355 Rebate: 1.5 CJt\ Tobi 8.M deducted froo, outside
•
•
Windows 10 0.87 - 1.37 11.919
' Nd toW 153.64 m1 •
Total 16.274 m1
15. 4 cm thick Jadin teak wood g]nect
•hutten including
�ts�id�e:.::�R�o�o�m�5�
�Ou r1_ _ - --:-7 Hl =
fittings 1 7 71 1 0.60 + 0.05 + 0.10
cs. Windows 12 0.37 Back plinth including . = 0.75 m
0.37 3.363 m2 1 g.50 _ . 0.75 6.33
16. Iron work (mild •lttl) in ho 10 en, below G.L These c.an be combined as:
ld wts .and window gnli.n •

'° gs • •
1 X 8.40 X 4.75 = 39.�
•
Hold fasts in doors x
N
- - - . 12 nos. 6 nos. per door. I Back super structure 1 8.40 - 4.00 33.60
Hold fasts in • •
� plinth including These can be combined
windows X
0
rt
- -- 4-0 nos. 4 nos. per windo,v ' 10 cm below• G.L 2 4.70 - 0.75 7.05 as: 2 )( 4.(,() X 4.75 = 43. 70
Sides super structure ') 4.60 -. 4.00 36.80 ..
• I

•
•
 •

9 and costin s
rnatin
• '
u al of Est1 Detailed Est
iete Ma n imate "'6.
f con1p Chapter 6 l 147
- et. parapet
. ds of v
En , fro m wa ll abo ve 2 0.20 0.27
r,da.h - 0.60 5.04 w al l 1 O.ll This may
8.40 eV
r.l
f J
t
si des 1 (!-1�ct:..!•roo� .:.. ·_ _c __ be negll'C'tcd
\f
eots. _
_ T��;::;"!:-:: t---
At,(n'C Total 0£ ded1.1_ct :-- --1
ourer filCC 0.60 3.24 ion, 20.2i1
•

sid cs 2 270 -
v c co ls. Net total 131.96 ml
A1,cr
n d o ta l of in si d e nd
- 0.70 5.95 Ht. :: 0.60 + 0.10::: O GrA t a outside plastttin
g 285_60 mt
•
outct (ICC
h fr on t in d u d tn,g 1 850 70• i,
pJu,I - "' th ic k ceaa,ent plaster 1: 3 in step finuh
t,c lo w G�L
I?\
•d Cntlfflt
an -
I

JO ' 0.70 3.85 iJ.

' f61dr.red
u■ • -

275
Z0 µ

2
...

Plinth sides -• 0.77 6.47 1 4.50 -

e vc r. roo f , 1 8.40 .... ,. rise1'
1. .,� 0.15
Front and sid es
\Vall aboV ,... r nser·
l 3.30 - 0.15
•
,, i.� 5 ton
�
1.49 Front and sid es
1 2.lO
oo ll15
-
K
10.08
:
� can be !aken a
et
0.60
ap - O.lS
p ar '"'... step riser
n o uter face 8.40 Front and sides
Long ,� 2
- m
0.47on e o pera lion as:
�
�
1�• .,,� r tre ad 1 3.90 0.30
inn er fac e 8.00 152 .Front and sides
Lon g , vall ·2
= (Total centre ll'Jrl h � step tread , 1 270
8.40 0.20 - I ' ,
2 0.30 2.43 Front and :sides
Long ,vall top face
3.36
2 + in�cr ht + top "-'id 1 1
'
gt

4.60 - 0.60 552 !h t p

eJ"'�s :.::J !:..::-: -;-d�=---- ___.� -.50_'---.L.:.. .30::.:...�-�Front and sides
face
tr ae
walls out er
e
h
0
Sort 2
X oUler flioth wall abovr
4.20 - 0.47 3.95 = (2 ht_
Soh rt "-alls inner face 2 x 8.40 + 2 x 4.20) l 2 0.30
tt1 step 0.-lS 0.27 Sides
X (0.47 + 0.2
2
•
, Q + (0.4] + 2 � s te p 0.30 0.30 0.1g Sides
2 4.20 0.20 -
Short \\-alls top face 0.10 + O.Q3
L68
} � st e p _ ____ 1___1_so 1s
= 25.20 � 1.27 = 32 tnl 1: ::.;::,r_ _ --..A.._ --'- o. o .22 sides
L----_L_l_ • = � -:+-:- � :==---1
_J__...l-RBJ:F Tot.tl 4.59 mi
. .J-11440-0. .9,7
•

zs no thick u.. 1 : 2: 4 over md in(luding 8 an lime

1.9.
•

cOIICfde floor
l-
� ara
· �p�
1Vv�e1�,1· n�dah �pef�--i-1-
11---1 -·-7 These ran be taken apProx. 1 4.00 3.50
• gooa, (i) 14.00
in one operalion as: �"' (ul 1 tt.oo 4.00 t6.oo
Front wall outer face 1 S.40 0.40 3.36 = (fotal centre length) -
Salls of verandah openin &
x (inner hl + lop ,,idth• Verandah 1 8.00 2.50 20.00 have been taken under
•
· outer ht) • l-______.....___,.._____-:: item 20
·
• •

216 To:--: W�:r:

. OS :--:.OO::-m-:1t
•

Front wall inner face 1 8.00

• 0.27
.1 8.40 0.20 L6S 20. ?.S c111 thick c.t'. 1: 2: 4 floor in rilh
•
Front \\·all lop face• ,,

= (8.65 + 2 X 250) sills 2 1.20 0.30

• Door
• •

270 0.40 216

X [0.27 + 0.20 + (ll.27 of ver. opening
Side wall outer face 2 1 g.50 0.25 2.U
•
. . + 0.10 + 0.03)} front
..
. =13.65 X 0.37 = 11.83 ml • of ver. opening 2.50
2 0.25 1.25
Side wall inner face 2 0.27 L35 - •
sides
Side wall top face 2 2.50 2fi 1.00 Totll
•

•
Total 1r;2 20 Jt X (0.15)1 This deduction may be
Deduct pillars 0.CTl
',
I
. 4
Dedud •

Net total 4.G2 m1

• •

Windowopenings
•

g 1.00 1.50 1200 One surface of each 21. White w.uhing

(in outer wall5)
•
•

CS.window Same as for inside wall 153. 64

U 100 0.50 , 6.00 One surface of each plastering in item (17)
openings
•
Including 10 en, below alls •

Step fron, plinthwall 1 2.70 . 0.70

•
1.89
G.L Ceiling of room
•
1 4.00 3.50 - 14.00
Ends of ver. sidewall
I,'"
• I,
Ceiling of room 1 4.00 4.00 - 16.00
•
and lintel �hove col 2 0.20 0.60 - 20.00
level
024 This may be negltrted Ct.�ing of ver.. 1 3.00 2.50 •

Tobi 2113.64 m1
1,

• •

• ' .
:.,,..... ·:.,t,,t•,,,i,,,•,....
 o Estin'klt1ng and C os ti ng
148 /Ce>nlP k:tc ,Yonu1I f
-
ilS for
•
d,inr, 5.1 m e I'
2l- cn1t11rr t\-a.
1''�
coa I '" o u ts id e ,vall
,__ ('ff1(' • • ·tcm 131.96 windows 12 3.0()
,,
tc "a ....... .
<hin ,: ou tsid e pLlst cn ng m • •
149
"cni
·hitc.•
(17)
I
I,,,.c: ,,- 10 cm di.l
C.[ pjnr
i: 1,,1• (rain water �
po ut)
- Upper an lctc t h 1.00
Chuj.t vtt. front t 9.30 0.95 8.84 d lo�,er cot11p w1
and edgl'S f
-'� �intiflg
Ouja ver. sides 2 270 0.95 - 5.13
Upper an
d low� {
•
and edges aces :·. r,eparation of Abstract of Co
st
Sunshade and sun
bn-ab!rs in windows: 4 250 0.95 - 9.50
Upper an
d lower fa
Top and edges e,es
• t!..ttlllate the quantities and r
Bottom 4 250 0.25 - '

2.50 upper and lower fac r,.,•--

. -• of a two roomed
p epare th b
e el str
act of co
• and edges es ite»- buil ding ft b\ th
o . st of the
'

o d o e g i v e n folloWing
• 0 .lfilh l ng � sh rt wall method: plan a
N
�
O
',
. n d sectio
. n in figur
Sides X 1.5() + N - '
6.60 Inner and out
I' "
e
00 It)
er facl'S I: uC: •

..
0
Edges of sides 8 1.50 0.05 - 0.60 This may be neg
• E
M

lected .: •
Outer proj«tion of l=Outer J>Crin1etl •

-
•
roof slab 1 26.00 0.36 'rof raorn 1::
9.36 8 == 0.12-+ 0.12
== 0.12 ""• "'
=0.36m
• •
� � ... 0 ""

�a
ToW 174.49
I
""'
Deduct portion below L == Outer J>Crimctcr _ -
G.L 1 29.10 - 0.10 291
Seps.
t
g
=2 (8.50 + 7.4
•
<
0) - 2..70 • ! � •
=29.10 m �
•
Nd lot� 171.58 oi2 _< � I
2.1., P.aioting door and
window, two to.ab of prim
•

ing • E
•

Door paneloo 1t - § ':E

,ic;
2.10 11.34 � unes one Surface •
""
N for
•
both sides •
• �J....• •
0
..
-
•
Windows paneled • 1t
X
0
1.00 - 1.50 33.75 24' unes one surface for • I- • ·- - I
, I I I

both sides •

CS. \\indows glazed

- •
•
� 1.00 0.50 Q
6.00 One surface for both sides
Windows bars . .
-
.
10 0.S-1 1.34 Excluding cho,vkhat, one §�
CS. window bars
11.25 � E -
:l
flat area for overall E t
-• -• -•
•
12 0.34 0.34 -• .:5
3.43 • ._5
•

24. Solignu,n pai Tow 65.T/ mt .

nting two co�ts in .E
back of chowkJu • -■

Doors 1 •
•
2 5.46 0.12 •
_ 1.31
•
l
Windows • l •
.,
10 5.00 0.10
- 5.00 lengths same for lJ
Earthwork in exca
vation at Rs. 20.40 per m3
•

cho"'khat in it�m (13) ii) Cement concr

ete (1: 5: 10) i n foundation al Rs. 8,23.0 ..
p�r m'
:t: L
; a l
•

•
 ' •

nd costin g Detailed
I of' ""'tins a
t·r,RU
Es E.st,rnat
te N'-3 nua
le •
I comp -
•

(1 : 6) an foundation and p
xne n t JJ1 or tar li nth
.,.�,· � in cc �t
,J as s B . .-
1 ,, m ., z
iii} er er m
Rs. 823-00 p r f course at Rs. 40. 00 p
35 min da� P p :�k ce m en t mo rtar (1 : 6) in sup erstructure t>
iv) w in at
cla ss i, n ck .
l\!,

v) 1 "
r Pl J
858.10 pe
I Soluti on: '
pen i ngs 2 1.20 0.230 2.10
•
()(lOf O
1.159 ,,�,n1nr.�
Qn,
bcl (,w 0.1 m ?
Here, 0.23 0.23 area no t to be lle
I
Long "va
U C/C leng t h = 5 + 3 + 0.2.3 + 2 + 2 v \\'i n d
o
"' '"
'S
ov er 4 1.00 0.230 1.SO 1.380
llucteil.
l\'in d \\
= 8.46 m
e lv CS - 1.00 0.115 1. 50
.,,,,- Sfl 0 345
. 0.23 0.23 cl s o ver doo rs 2 1.50 0.230 0.15
th = 5 + = 5.23 n, � \jtlt 0.10-l
Short ,vall C/C leng 2 + 2
n tcl s o v er 4
-- u 1.30 0.230 0.1s. 0.179
w in do w s
No. L B H Quantity Remark!
oc,c rlpli on ver s helve· 2
No� .... [.j otc ls o 1.30 0 23 0.1.5 0.089
in e xcavation in f ou nda tion • •
J. Earth work .... •
Total of deduction •
walls 2 9.46 1.00 1.3 24.60 L = 8.46 + 1.0 m • J.256 ml
Long Net total 22814
.
2· 4.23 1.00 1.3 10.99 L = 5.23 - 1.00
short \\'alls
Total 35.59 ml (Say 36 n1') ct of Co st
Abstra -
Ccmcnt concentration (1 : 5 : 10) infoundation •
w a lls 2 9.46 1.00 0.20 3.784 s. Description
Unit Qty. Rate (R,.) Amount
I

Long No,
short walls 2 4.23 1.00 0.20 1.692 - s.H.: Earth,vork (R.,.)
1
Total S.476 m 1 (Say 5.5 n,l)
-

Eart h work in excavation in fol1n<latior, m'

1.1 3600 2040 5617.00
•
3. 111 clilSS brick work in (1 : 6) cement mortar in fou.ndalion 2. s.H .: Ceme nt concrete
and plinth
2.1 P/L c.c. 1 : S : 10 (1 cement : 5 sand : 10 stone
• •
• •
ong \Yills aggregate 40 n,n, nnL1 do,vn size) i11 foundation m' 5.5 R23 00 4526.50 •

1 1t footing 2 9.265 0.805 0.20 2983 L = 8.46 + 0.805 and plinth i

2 9.150 0.690 0.20 2.525 L = 8.46 + 0.690 •

•
2a.!.fooling 12 JS mm ltan,1, proof course • n1l 10.20 4000 408.00
3rd footing 2 9.035 0.575 0.20 2.078 L = 8.46 + 0.575 ). S.H.: Brick ,vork
4th footing 2 8.920 0.460 0.20 ·1.641 L = 8.46 + 0.4o0 lJ Brick y.•ork in foundatior, and plinth ml
•
•
Plinth ,,·all above
25 00 823.00 20575.00 • ..
2 8.805 0.345 0.80 4.860 L = 8.46 + 0.345 12 -do- in superstructure m' 23.00 858.10 19736.30
footing
Short walls
• Tot:il 47979.80
1" footing • 3 4.425 0.805 0.20 2.1.37 L = 5.23 - 0.805 Contingc-ncies 3°/u 1379.39
2n.1 footing 3 4.540 0.690 0.20 1.880 L = 5.23 - 0.690 47359.19
3rJ footing 3 4.655 0.575 0.20 1.606 L = 5.23 - 0.575 • \V.C. Estab. 3°/4, 14:20.n
•
4th footing 3 4.770 0.460 0.20 1.317 L = 5.23 - 0.3-lS 48n9.96 •

•
Total 25.072 ml (�1}' 25.00 m ')
4. Dam.p proof course 35 mm thick C.C.• 6.3 lSTIMATE OF EARTHWORK IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN PlAIN
• • Length same as for AREA • •
· LC'lng \\'alls 2 8.805 0.345 6.075
• • • •

plinth ,vall in item 3. Volume of Earthwork .·

Short walls 3 4.885 0.345 5.056 It is measured in cubic
n1eters without any allo,vance for in.crease in bulk.
Deduct door The volume of earth\\'ork shall be calculatied b}' multiplying the length,
Sills •
2 1.200 0.400 - breadth and de
pth or height measured from the ground from \Vhich soil
-0.960 has
• . Total 10.171 ml (Say 10.20 ml) been taken out. •
• •
 I

•
,
Detailed Estima
te � Ch apter6j
•

' and Costing

"'""
.
�I of D '
Crt'��t j ';}
l'Wl 153
tc.tc
1com P is the mean sectional area.
• A-: the heig ht o r de p th .
f d is ce l � rt
lift . te d fo r 30 m lead o r tan a n d � idt h .
a n d ti m a .S
! . a ti o n w
I

teo d rk 15 :: h t e fo rm •
y e a rt h ll'o _es . ran ee o f 30 m an d th e he igh t of 1. 5 rn ll\ f t f pe.
1,� n , 0r slo
1
N<'m n d th is d tS a r e " . t h e sid e •
d ep th, a ll o
1

hci ..ht o r ""' S IS

'ft
II o
•

I rea d an d · prlsrnodlal f rmula meth od

as nonrt
•
e a
' r th wo rk in ea rt h, . I I •
f
3
tin g o th e v o
.
lum e of
v o d I
m r
roa d,
a k
.

ti
•
O
(7

h e (!S llt tfl

. L
During t v ri us m eth od s o f o f ''' ay � o = 6 ( A1 A2 4A )
c
� b y t h e a o m en su r at io n ou t h ic h t n tikl., o f v lun, c + +
be caJc uJa t hr o u a ffl

re be low . ection a l area

ee
n1e tJ ,o ds. a '"
o · vcn
. the cross s at one end. • •

se c tion al are a me thod ,)lt re, A1 : h

e cro ss sec t iona l ar e a of other end.
od I· Mid � 2 t
o f m id sec tio n x Le n g t h
Meth Qu·anti"h.,, c Area . A is th e m ea n se ct io na l a re a.
id s ecti o n = A re a o f rec ta n gu J A trt
Arca of m
ar portion
di
2
+ Area of h\'o biangular p B d1 + s •
•

Oftions
A :::
nl
d2
2
•
1 1 2 Ai::: Bd2 + s
B
= Bd + 2 sd� + 2 sd
••
,...�! ---.:• r
drn ==
d 1 + d2
2
•
•
= Bd +sd 2 ••
••
•••
sd m
2
.·. QuanlilJr of earthwork = {Bd + sd2) x L ••
A B dm +
. :=: •
•
•
rn
,vhere,d is the mean depth or height •

B is the formation ,vidth. ....

· ·
t,.
s is the sid� slope ,
•

.
sd �

The quantities of earthwork may be calculated in a tabular form as below•• l •1 m

Quantity (Bd + sd� x l� '---- - --- �-

•
M�an
Att�of Att� Toi� length
Stations
Depth depth
Central Of I between ez oi d al pris mod ial for1n ula met hod s for a serie s of cross-
p
ula and
ra
m
t
sectional for
portion
or
stations Embankment C
•
:
•
or height height sides u�
' '· 5ecti o ns •
Chlin.tge 'Bd• 'sd1' (Bd + sd2) L m l)
utting
'd'
( m t) ( e by trapezoidal for n,ula (V) =¥(Ao + 2A 1 + 2A 2 + 2A.J +
m
(m)
Volu
(m�
• (ml) (ml) (m)
(m) •

• • •
•
· · · · · .... + 2An-t + A n)
D
•
•
Volume by prismodial formula (V) = (Ao+ 4A 1 + 2A2 + 4A 3 + 2At
3
I
• •
•
•
• •

• + ........ + 2An-2 + 4A n.1 + A n) ..

.
••• •

• D
V = 3 (First area + Last area + 4E Odd areas + 2t Even area) •
• Method 11: Mean Sectional area method
· Quantity = Mean secti onal area x Length
• •

In this .method, it is not necessary to calcu ,vhere, �- A1, A21 A3, ....... is the area of cross-sections.
late mean depth but we should
calculate the n,ean area after calculatin
g the area of each sta tion. Dis the distance beh,,een the sections. •

The quantity of earthwork may be ca •

•

lculated in tabular ,o .._\ as given beIo,v·•

c rtt
I

r
• Sutions Height Are�of Aru
E1amole &.3.1 •

' Told Meu length Quantity (A. x L) Calculate . the quantity of earthwork for 200 metre length for a porti?n of a .,
or OT c:mtral of seclioNl b�tween Embank:men Cutting
Ctwnag depth portion aides
e 'd' 'Bd' sdl
area
(Bd + sd?)
�-
s«tiomt
. stations
'L' t (m3) (m l
)
road in a unifornt ground the h eights of banks at the two ends being lm
and 1.6. The formation width is 10 m and side slopes 2: 1 (H: V). Assume
(m)
that there is no transverse sl ope .
�
• (m2) (ml) m 2) Z)
( (m (m)
Solution:
•

i)
•

By mid sectional are.i method

•

=
. Quantity (Bd + sd2) x Length
•
•
•
•
... -
• •

•
 •

I
•
•
nd osti ng
f E5t1. rna tins a c
.f
•
� o
I lc!C •

l
j(� •
•
1 m eth ds I a n d I
B::: 10 ot e b y o ll is less than?. lhc difference by mclhod
•
d· ((e r e OC s II •
..
5:::2 t
an 1 % .
01 le ss th
•
L::: 200 1f,d 11,1 is la m eth
•
•
,,, " r ro u od i s t h e most accurate method among the th
o
•

Now,
• •
.,,o dia l 1 ree
1 + 1.6 .
p,,s
d ::: �1ean de pth
-
- 2
:: 1.:3 m .,,ethod�S::_.· �--- -------------J
--: •

d + sd2) x Leng th '

Quantity•== (B .
:. ·
::: (10 X 1.3 + 2 xl.32) X 200
1 ,• I

e s ti m a te fo r the po rti on of a road from chainage 14 to 22 from

::: 3'06 m3 •
e
rrtt �ven below. Draw typical cross sections for cutting and banking.
at
a meth od d at a gi
By mean� e dio nal are 1t, t
ii) . ' w id th of th e pr op os ed to ad 1
Here, r111 at •
1 0 n is 12 m , side slope s 1- : 1 in
e I,0
= en 11t 2
•

A1 Sec tio nal ar ea at o n e d

d 2 : 1 in banking.
g an
= Bda + sd� = 10 x 1 + 2 x 1 2 = 12 m2 cidri P
14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22
Az = Sectional area at ot her end •
ct,ai n ag e 20

= Bd2 + sd1
2
o u n d 108.6 109.25 109.40 108.85 1085.5 107.25 106.8 107.15 107.20
0f gr
r
•
1t L.
•
= 10 X 1.6 + 2 X 1.62 - d • •
f rmat1on 1s proposed as un1for1111 fallm • •
•
o g gradient 1 1n 20
• •

'J'ht ., a �u h G.L at chainage 14 length of one chain= 30 m .

•
= 21.12 m2 n g t g
. pa s st
A1 + A1
:. Quantity = A m x L = = 16.56 ml Sotutio� and ban kin
2 � f utti n g g are den ote d by -ve and +ve signs
l)e p O C

Q = 16.56 X 200 = 3313 m3 r«tively. .

=
.
:.
res,,-- Depth of cutting or banking Difference bchveen G.L. and F.L.
iii) By pri9modial foru,ula - 200;
•
•
For a g rad ie nt 1 in
A1 = Sectional area at one end . , •

30
= Bd1 + sd, = 12m2 • 2 Change of level per chain of '30 m = 20 = 0.15
0
•
A2 = Sectional area at other end
.,,,
• •
Qwnage 16 17
•

= Bd2 + sd2 2 14 15 18 19 20 21
(30m) ..
= 10x 1.6 + 2x 1.62 108.60 109.25 109.40 108.85 1085.5 107.25 106.8 107.15 10720
•
R.L of ground
= 21.12 m1
A"' = Mid sectional area I
•
R.L of formation 108.60 108.45 108.30 108.15 108.00 107.85 107.70 107.55 107.40
Depth of• •
•
= Bd + sdl • •

= 10 X 1.3 + 2 X 1.32 ,arthwoTk

0 -0.80 -1.10 -0.70 -0.50 0,60 0.90 0.40 0.20
= 16.38 ml
•
•
(Difference of
I •
• •
G.Land F.L)
,vhere, d = d1 + d? - 1 + 1.6
2 --2--
- l.3 m. From mid-sectional method; we have,

¼
I •
:. Quantity = (A + B=12m
1 Az + 4A.,)
• •

I s=1.5; for cutting

200
=: 6 (l2 + 21.12 + 4 X 16.38) s == 2; ior _banking
= 3288 m3 •
- ve depth= Cutting •

• • + ve depth = Filling
•

I
_J
 ..
•
•
/
•

and costing • Detailed Estima

e-6. Chapter
. 9
lO t£5timat1n
• - 61 157

I
,ua
conlP ,crc �
Ground line
0.5
I Fonnation 1.-ne 30-x
X

•
.6
• •

J.-t--r- Fa Uing grad icnt 1 in 2;"""-,-,--.J

• 12m
►I
•
•
•

,
12m
;• i• •
•
:c
••
·
, I

"
: U")
:ti)
: r---: :� •

:a
......
:
·~
:c a detailed estimate for earthwork for a portio
•
l'tf� ,data: n of a road from th
• e
c,Willo
•
�U
·-
•
• ••
• j•
l� ��
: ar,
:"
:c
' ••
• •
�e
•M
• • • •
��
: r,...
:o • r,...
:o : r,...
c
•
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
::� • 800 900 llXX> 1100 1200

- -
•ro
• :- •
•
•
ill •
18
�

19
�
! j 0 lO an 0 0
21
ll.Lof '
22
C
I""-• N• N• II') 0
'° 0
I.I) f""4• II')
. '°
00 0 00
an N ti')
....
0
..... co
".... an
ti')
.....
�

...... ..... co •
....
�

�. ,.... . .....
�

Depth Mean Atta of Areaof

•
Length Quantity ,.... ..... .... .....
.... ,...
00 t-..
,... t-..
,...
•

....
0\
Total •
..... ,... ,....
....
·-
l'I
�
or
height
depth
or
central
portion
sides area
2
between Lx (Bd +
chainage
sd?)
JLLof
�- Up,vard gradient 1 in 200 up to
T'4

d ,....
ll)
.c height 'Bd' s 2
(bd + sd ) 'L' Cutting Bank
.1

(odDalioll C,OOm Dowmvant gradient 1 in400

u (m) 'd' (m m Z) ing r""I

) m 2) ( (m2) m l
( (m) ( ) (ml)
- 12:=
•
14 0 - - - - - Fotillfflon width of road is 10 m, side slope 2: 1 in banki 1
.... ng and 1 in
15
-0.80 -0.40 4.80 0.2-1 5.0-1 30
16
• 151.20 - cutting. •
• -1.10 -0.95
-
L:

11.40 1.35 12.75 •

17
30 38250 Solatian: •
-0.70 - 0.90 10.80 1.22 12.02 30 360.60 - •
18 -0.50 -0.60 ?.20 Change level per chain of 100 m = 100
Passes 0 -0.25 3.00 -
0.54 . 7.74 30 232.20 - • • 200 = 05 up to 600 m ..
•
0.09 3.09 14 -13.26 -
19 0.60 0.30 3.6() . Change le v e l p e r chain of 100 m = 100
20 0.90
0.18 3.78 "16 - . •
60.-16 400 = 0.25 from 600 m
0.75 9.00
21 0.40 0.65
• 1.23 10.23 30 - •

306.90
•

7.80 awn e(lOOm)

0.85 8.65 - 8
,.... 8 8 8 8 8
'° 8 § 8,....,... 8,....
30 8
t-.... 00 8
22 0
0.20 0.30 3.60 2.59.50
•
' 0.18 3.78 30 - - 113.�0
•
N ('t')
°' � It)
T"""
N
•
0 lO lO 0
Here, fro chainage 18
•

740.2S Total 1169.7 L of gro1,nd IO• I°'- lO Lt') '° '° co 00

N• N•
0
T"""
•
an
,....
co•1""4
0LO 0 0tn
t°'• °'• U")
0• N•
0 c:o
Let, the d�istance to 19, there is ch
.... ,... ,....
.... ,.... ,.... ,....
•
°' •
� •

,....
�

,.... ,.... ,....

00
from 18 chainage u ang e from cutting to filling. ,....
� f"'4
,.... ,.... ,.... ,.... .....
,.... ,.... ,... 1""4
,... ,....
� � �

p to portion of cu 0 0
,....
30- X 0•
'°
•
•
X
ttin g be X. .I of fo,,,,ation II")• 0• lO•
0 0• 0• U")
t-....•
0 an 0 tn
t-....•
0
,.... lO tO•
lO• •
0•
0.50 = 0.60 •
.....
&n t-.... ,... ..... '° '° 00
N• U")•
,.... ,.... ,.... ,....
'D �
• t-....
,.... ..... ,... ,...
t-....
,...
,.... ,.... ..... ,... ,.... ,.... . ,...
,.... ,...
� t-.... �
•
,...
�
•• x == 13.63 m (s •
,...
ay 14 m) Dq,th of earthw
'° '°
0 0 U') U') IO 0
•

Length o f ban lO•

ork 0 0 IO
8 ,....
• U')
•• t-....• ('I")• U")• II)• 0•
king portion"
�

..... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,.... ,...

• �
• • • • �

_
• •

'
0 •
0
30-14 = 16
• m I I I I
- -ve d<?pth = Cutt
ing
.--
•
...- ·--.
· •
+ve depth = Fillin
g •
•

-
 I
I
- ----- ....
•
......,, .. ,lfJ\.\,.
\..11apter t> \
, 59
�

40 60 80 100
77.80
-n11Jl d (tn 80 .40 80.25 80
•
'"' -
of Y 78 .70 78
· •90 79.10
e" el ( 111) 79.30 79.50
· II l
Distance 1 ti O 0.9
Area of Total sec. r k (m\, 0.96 1.1 -0.95
M� centt31 between a,tb wo I -1.3 -0.5
ht es ar ea bof e
t
tir ig bt'i&hl area sid s t.ations
or s l) (Bd + sd 1) 'L'
or (d fW iS worked out in tabuJr fou11:
Otplh •6 m t) (m 1)
�ofE
u-
( (m) .
ff\
-
-
(Ill) (111) - � 1 2 .
-
� 8 cu tttng
o.5 100 1.I in
0.7 8 7.03 703 . ,
0.625 6.25
�
o.75 2; i n filling . . .
7. 50 1 .13 8.63 100 863 s � nal area is used, 1n previ ous questions, mid sec
0.75 o.750 tional area
200 100 12..15 � t.aJI sectto
2. 10
300 t.30 1.025 10 . 25
� used-
•
1.90 1.100 11 . 00 242 13.42 100 1342 is
400 td /..fU-of Area of Mean Length Quantity
•

0.77 5 7.7 5 1.20 S.95 100 895

500 0.65 ce n tral . Tota 1 area sectional between (lx A.}
0.325 3.25 0.21 3.4 6 346 ., oqth sides
(Bd + sdl area
t
0 .00 � ff/W p<>rlion 'sdtt ) __;_
section it-- -�-�
100 - l) 'l
o
-0.50 0.250 2.50 0.09 259 •d' •Bd' (m 'A a ' ' Cutting Filling
700 259
800 -0.60 0.550 5.50 0.45 5.95 100 - 595 (111) (ml) ( m ) (ml) (ml)
0.50 6.25 100 - 1.84 1336 - - - -
900 -0.55 0.575 5.75
-
625 o.96 1 1.5 2
l + (XXJ • - 0.75 0.650 6.50 0.63 7.13 100 713 1· .1 13 .2 242 15.62 1-l49 20 - 289.S
- -1.15 0.950 9.50 1.35 10.85 100 - 10 s 1.62 12.42 1-1.02 20 -
-
1 + 100 1085 . 280.4
1 t 200 -1.00 1.0'75 10.75 1.73 12.4S 100 - 1248
0.9
15 .6 1.69 17.29 -- -
-
-1.3
Total 5384 4525 11.4 0.90 1230 14.79 20 295.S
0
•

ll - .9 5
•..• Total volume of banking = 5384 m3 0 5 6 0.25 6.25 20 185.5 -
•
• 100 - •

Tota\ volume of cutting = 4525 m3 Tobl 481.3 5701

• '

a:mmnn..______·...... _____:,__· -------

ttin g = 418.3 m3
. · Quan tity of cu •
••
Quantity of filling = 570.2 m3
• •

Estimate the quantity of earthwork between 2.0 m chainage and

chaiJ!�ge at equal inter,nal of 20 min plain toad.
100 m
aott •

In this question, in a chainage 60 m two R.L"s are given because there is present
istance in chainage (m) · 20 40 · fiO , of vertical drop/fa\l.
' 80 100 · 120 140
1- of ground (m) 78.20
I

71.74 71.BO 80.25 80.25

80.84 79.60 79.80 •
•
•
Forn,ation level at 20 m chainage =
78.70 m
•

Formation width of the road= •

Um •

Side slope in cutting = 1 : 1 •

•

Side slope in filling = 2: 1

Form�tion has a rising gradien
t of 1 in •100 ••
Solution
a •
Clculations o f depth of ear • . ,
•
thw ork are as fo •
llows·
Depth of c
��g is denoted by -ve
and, Dopth of filling is den
oted bY the +ve s g •
. i n •
•
" -
•
•

• •
-
•
.......-.. ...... ""-,,,. .. •
• •
Di EQS
•
 •
-
• •

ting and Costing

Estima
•

,Manual of -
•
---- -
•
__. -� �i!led�Es�t1 �
-

,.,,,..,.,,,.. mate
��� Cha P te r
• Deta
TlpJctC I' --
I (o, 6I
• 160 161
•
1.EMS l)i 5ta nce (m ) 100 200
s.J.f so 1Vfll ,1101
t of fill i n g (m)
JOO 400
fn f'Jal n Are a J f{eigh 10 1.S o.s 2.0
(f/W
•

o or a n tio JI
h ua nt ity of ea rth w rk f p or ti o of road 50Ju . · of eartJ1v.rork are ca]culated in tab a
111
ri;.:,,1•1 • at e t c q . . Jt bti ul r form•
1. • dth is 10 m. Side s p I o e o f cu ttmg and filJ · , � h
I'\
QtJ
es
.d sectional area n1cthod; ¥,e have
foam at1 o n wi . ly. • ng �, � . l'g 11\1
a
,
l res pe c tiv e LJsi B == 10 m
and 2: I DisLince
12066 Bh I :1
[ . I, I 1d,� 5 == 2; for filling
Om 30m 60m 90m
'
Arca of
•

oe pth Mean
central Ar �a of Total
"iD .
• I
I RLG. or depth portion sides length
Q\W\tity
I ar ea
) I

112m
ai
•

tOOm r ·t·
',,
d
� -- s
111 m
110m
'Bd' ' (Bd + sdl)
ll
eig ht d Cutting Filling
o·
I,
H '
· ----------,
·-t -- (m) (m )
( ml ) ( m l )
(m l) ( m)
RLF.
1
'
(tnl) (m')
I • . •
100 m Upward grade\: 100
i
I

-
•
r
100 1.00, - -
Solution: - -
'

The �lation of �epth of E/W � worked �u t and denotin d 1.25 12.5

g ei>l 2f)) 15 3.125 15.625 100 - 1562.5
cutting and banking i>l' -ve and + ve sign respective)y. hq
0.5 1 10 2 12 -
�

3(X) 100
Distance (m) 0 30 60 90 1.25 12..5
1200
I:''
200 3.125 15.625 100 -
R.L of ground (m) . 100 110 1)1 112
15615
Tow ml
�
•
R.L of fora,,ation level (m) 100 100.3 100.6 100.9 -
4325
Total E/W in fillin g= 4325 ml
Depth of F/W (m) 0. - 9.7 -10.4 -11.1 •••
'

Quantities of earthwork are calculated by mid sectional area me Estimate the quantity of earthwork of a portion of ro1td from the
· thod t
tabular forn� following data formation width of the roaa = 10 m [2068 Baishakh]
· B=lOm I,
Side slope in banki ng = 2 : 1
s = 1; f or cutting Side slope in cutting = 1 : 1 ..
:I

•
I'
s = 2; for filling I
Downwad gra de 1 in 120 from distance O to 30 m while it 'remains
r

.--.------ir-��:;r-.---�- -,---=----" in level from distance 30 m to 90 m and have again upward grade 1
•

·
•
•
Mean Atta of Quantity Araof
Total area length in 90 &om distance 90 to 120 m.
Depth depth �mlral
sides ( Ax L) I
' '
L r------
•

'd' portion (Bd + sdZJ .,...:.._ The for,,,ation level at distance 60 m = 1197.SO m ..
(m)
'Bd' u tt
.
in g
(Id' (m ?) (m ) C FiUq The ground le vels at the c·enter line of the road are as under:
(m
• I

(m)
(m') (m,
•
•
•
(ml)
-
•

•
0 - -0 •- • • ia L of ground 1198.65 1196.40 1199.30 1200.40 119S.10
r--;;;30�,----1--+- --
- +-�- -+-.::-=--t--=--
I

- 9.7 4.85
-i_:_-"
Distance (m) 0 30 90 120
• 485 2352 72.02 30• 2160.6 - 60
Solution
-10.4 10.05 1005 )0} . � 30 Calculation of d,epth of earthwork is as follows:
• 6() .
I,,
90
QJ1 t:n1:::
,�,�-11.1�-;;;-:;�-=-=-
10.75 10'75���J---.: ��.5����UV'1.J�L.:...-
115.56 223.06 Depth of cutting is denoted by -ve and depth 01 f banking is denoted by +ve
30 6691.8 -
stgn.
•
Total 14897.4
•

2. 60 90 ,12D
•
l e lbe quntity of Distance in •m• 0 30
? llcu. � earthwork in a portion of road fIOII
10llOWJ.ng ..,_ . 1200.40
•

u.ia. RL of pound (m) 1198.65 1196.40 1199.30 1198.10

(2067 Ashwul
•
Fora,aation width = 10 m 1197.50
For,11ation level (m) 1197.75 1197.50 1197.50 1197.83
Side slopes in attting an
d £ill·•ng are 1.: 1 and 2: 1 re ly ·' ' -1.8 -29 -0.27
• • spective . Depth (m) -0.90 1.1 '
•
- £\_· •
I,' •
-
 , - '
'
t
/'

-------Deta--..::.:.::'led:.:...::Es�t1ma�e -6-. C h
• • I.
·
cos tins ,,,....---- � � � ter 6
ap� I 163
-
. and
f estirnat1n9
�lkll 0
13 42
�

co0 1P 1ct c • Ground 1cvc1

•
11 242 6.71
/4.., 1.1
•

16i I 165
•• 0 0 110.715
1� :• ;
: lJh-c--- 0 0
18 3.24 21.2.i
6.71 11.38
7636
10.62
-
••
•
•• �.... �1. 8 18.62 197.75
8.41
•

• 1199
i• Cul E• Cul Formation level 29 • 37.41 1,-
29...t.:) 30
ut: : •
�- ·_.'L9 0.0729
879.5 -
27 2n
•

Jl'Jf\��7:••:1.r-f�•• --�:•• 2009

•
••
• •••
� _,O.tl 30 6027 -
••• ••• ••
1197 •• • ••• Total 1746.35 187.05
•••
w
••• ••
n = 174635 m l
in c ut t i g
�

••• •••
E
•••
••
•• •
•••
••
••
•
:• V.Total /
.05 m
•
7
1196
18
••
in fill
••
••• •••
E / W in g = J
rota1 •
1•, • •• •• •
• ••• •• s• ••
:• ••• •
•••
••
•
••• •• ••
q ua ntity of earthwork between 20 m ;eh
•
t h e
•
e
••
.t-t..-.
�c.,:,••..._. at "" atnag e and 100
60 � 120 • . • .
,is c1tainage at equal interval of 20 m (plain road) •
0
Fiptt: (Aiediop
ro cu t. to fi ll, distance 20 40 60 80 100
m , it i s ch an
. ge f m o f pi.Stance (m) 120 140
ha inag e O to 30 .
Here' from c d - 78.20
. o Jl\ is c alcula te as. ILL of ground (m) 77.74 77.80 80.25 80.00 79.60 79.80
n t from
balance pai • 80.4·o
X 30'- X • -
el .it 20 m is 78.70 m
•
, 0.9 = 1.1 ni at ion le �
•
fot
io n ?f the road= 12 m
•

.5 m fonn at w 1d ·
� h
•

or, X == 13 •
= 1: 1
tting
•

s•de slope in cu
0.9m 30-x
e slo pe in filling = 2 : 1
s:d
in atio n ba s rising of 1 in 100
•

. for a gradient 12068 Chaitra]

sol ution of ex am ple 6.3 .4
X l.1 m
5otu tion: SU
• the
•
-
fil l to cut, distance of Prepare an estimate of an earth,\'ork in cutting anc;t filling of a
•

is ch an ge Cro n,
•

Again, from chainag e 30 m to 60 m , it .

bala nce p o in t fr o m 3 0 m is � lc u la ted as : ·portion of a road fyom the given data. · [2069 Chaitra)
Road width = 10 m .
' .
sl o p e in c u tt in g = 1.5: 1
•

Side
•
• • •
1.8m
Side sl o p e in fi llin g = 2: 1
I
•

' Dow nward grading 1 in 150

• •
•
•
• •
..
•
• Chaina �e/distance (m 0 30 60 90
30-x
99
•
•
1.lm • Ground level m) 102 104 103
Forn1ation level (m)
•

• • • 100
- 30-X
•
X • Solution:
1.1 :- 1.S
•

. , Here,
Road width = 10 m
• •

or, x = 11.38 •

Now, \\'e can calculate E/W from mean area method: • Side slope in cutting= 1.5 : 1
.
,

Depth of Are�of Area of Quantity

•
•
Side slope in filling= 2: 1 •
CJ
Mean Length
F/W central sides Do\vn,vard grading= 1 in 150
ti)
Total area
e 'd' portion •sdtt (Bd+sdl) area between
n_
, (Lx A.)
•
.5r.s- •
.s:: 'A.' sections Cutting Filling Chainage{Distance (m) 0 30 60 90
u
•
(ml)
99
1
103
(m) Bd (m?) (ml) 104
1
• (mt). 'L' (m) (ml) (ml) Ground level (m) 102
0 - 0.9 9 0.81 9.81 - - - - Formation level (m) 100 99.8 99.6 99.4
13.5 0 0 0 0 4.90 13.5 66.15
•
- Deoth (m) -2 -4.2 - 3.4 0.4
•

· -,,e depth= Cutting

•
•

> ·····'"' .... � ....

 • ,. -
· Ueta1led EstJrna
costin9 e Chapter6j 165
E5 tirna
· t1. n9 and
,v.anu al o f
pl.ete
com
r&: th rk are as follows:
I

16' isti 0 d
of ep
of earth,v o

+vc e a ng 1
· 0 ea r
•

a c Jt alculated h-.,
1
er is
c
f 0 p oint is c as;
tlt at, tJ, c
ce o f 1.£ �
oer
It i s
S(..
n 'C
ccn 60 n1 t o 90 rn . D 1
' s t an \'e gt'g·
fI ct,aisifl8
ti e 0 t o 150 m;
d j 5 ta • . SQ
f tofll . Jevel per cha1nagc 100 = 0.5 m
1ta·s e s n =
3,4 rn 30-x
m to 25 0 m ;
I• ►I�
T ain a g 15 0
•

t h
e
L:::::::=:=- :=�...==-=-=-=-:=:-� .-.i
-..::::::i . 50
1na
0.4 m
,. fr0 111
le ve l p er C ' h a ge 0.5 m
U .
i n 100 =
•

a
I

• •
f =
.
•

g .
�

in a
,

. the distance from 60 m cha

...
0 50
e
Let x as nt ) 1 00 200
•
•
Chai n a g e ( 150 250
1 04 .6 7
::: 4
f
30 -X
101.7 103.3
X
3.4 0. u n d ( m ) 5
'
:. . gr o 102.25 1 03 104
JLL-
· 0 102
.· · x = 26.84 m £. 84 - ) 101 101.5
o1n t fro m O m = 60 + - 86 • 84 m
n o n l e v el ( m 1 0 2 1 02 5 103 102.5
D,istal\Ce of uro p · ,,,,--
'!
...
"-.\1.
rtll
-
a
. g _ou"d section formula; we ha_ve, f c, 26 7
Now, us111 -0.75 - 1.8 - 0.5 0.5
ork (m )
1Jepth -0.25
• e a rt h w -1
sd o f
Volume== Lx (B d + 1) �
...
where, d is the mean dept1L . ·es of E / W ar e worked out in the tabular fom1 .•
•

QuanbtI 5 - _ 1 5 in cutting ands = 2 in filling

-12 Jl\,
Area Quantity --...
.

Mtan
mid Area of Total area Le.ngth
od ;
•

.,C: depth portion sides

.....
-
By means . ec tio n a l a re a m e th
- Depth 'd' (Bd+sdZ) 'L' Cutting B
.o
'sdl' Filling
d
'Bd' (ml) (m) (ml) -
•

(m) (ml} (m, Area of Area Mean length Quantity

(m!) Depth of of Total area sectional
'
..,,,, central
. 0 -2 -, - - - - - earthwork portion sides
between
(Bd + sd ) area section
2
(L x A m )

a.
•d'
30 30 'Bd' d1)
m (A m ) Cutting Filling
( )
-4.2 3.1 31 14.415 . 45.415 1362-15 -. (s ? 'L'
m m l) l)
60 -3.4 3.8 38 21.66 59.66 30 1789.80 .. (m)
( )
l
(·m ) l
( m l)
(m) ( ( m •

86.84 0 1.7 17 4.335 21.335 26.84 57263 - .. 0.75 9 0.84 9.84 - - - -

2 4.86
•
- 21.6
•
0.2
50 907.5
90 0.08 3.16 '
0.4 208 · 657 - 1.8 26.46 18.15 . so -
I
•

.. 267
•
Total 3724.88 320-1 10.69
• • 6S/ 100 4273 34.59 50 1729.5. -
E/W in cutting= 3724.88 m3 -0.25 3 0.09 3.09 ..
2291 -
• •
•
••
50 1145.5
E/W in filling= 657 m3
•

150 0.375 -t.73 50

•
•
• - 0.5 6 6.375 236.5 -
. . 6. 12 50
•
Calailate the ·quantitles of eaxtbwork for a portion of '200 -1 1.5 13.5 9.93 -196.5 -
road from tht 0 - - - 6.75 33.33 -
following data: · 233.33 ' . 22-1.97
Fo1n1ation width of road = 10 m 3. .0
,-
•

.
2.50 0.5 6 • 0.5 6.5 16.67 - 5-l.17
Side slope in rutting and filling (s: 1) ·= �
• •
'
1 : 1 and 2: lrespedively
•
•
Total 4740.47 54.17 •

Chainage (m) 1 Here, from chainage 200 rn to 250 n,, there is a change from cut to fiU,
•

50 100 150 200 250

distance of balance point from chainage 200 m is calculated as;
ltL of G.L (m) 101.75 103.3 104.67
• •
•
•
102..25 103 104 102 •

F01.a.ition level at Om
•
lm
diainage = 101 m ►I
50-x
1w. ·i�g gradi nt of
f o.sm
•

�
•

gadment of l 1n 100 150 m chaina e and falling

1 in 100 from O lo •

from 150 m to 250 m h . g .._.,_

. t ai" na e. (P•U. 2016)
g
•
•
•
•
• •
•
 ________Ue
_to_,1e_d.....:
=·.:.:..:• ma= .::.e �h �a �P � t l
•
___ ���c e:.!r�6�f-�1�6(!._7
Est 1
•
,- ___________
•
costin9
•
. and •
•

M-1� 10 A.6 f1'1

o01P1e
•

tc
fc
•

1b6
•

'I
so - �
. is calculated by;
•
- :::: �(l.!>
7 m 7 + 100
rt' . 4 ll JeVe
0 t
�

4
J .
�

3 4 7
•
l a
- '._\3 .3 . 0 & 11tiO
•

I c i • tt 1 :::.
7.25
1> '119
•

.. • · :::. 54.17 rn X 30 =
foflll :::: ll9J.50 -l
f
1Jf1 llt)'
3
Qt -
• o
,c
•

u , o g
••

ti tY o f fi 100 to 7 t
:.
1...,.jo a g e • 7 + + 13 0, i is c hang e .from cut to fill • o·lS ta nee
;,rid , ar e given because lh� lfl
J1
3
.'s
&D
L o a
U
R. fr c
Q
tw o , lc ul
•

g e 10 0 rn . I:\ .1 t{e te n t fr o m 7 + 10 0 is ca ated as;

h ai n a C e p O i
.rs q ucst 10 ,,, . · · " . � laf' X-
a II
I • C
o p ......_
.3
h d r f
_
-
lf1
r
t,a
1 ,, . ti ca l J l o 30
�... _. .. 1
p r ese n c e o f v c. r
h rk of a h ill ro a d fr o m the fol lo\\i _
4.b
•

t y o f ll n a d
•

e q u a n ti e� S id e slo pe in fi i g n cuttin , 4r JI\

nd th
:;. 2
s . g ::::: 64
fi on w i d th 1 1
or,
"
e o f ba la n ce p oint is 7 + 124.64.
t"
t
�t
1
at a. f o fDl a � ci,amag
d t y .
. . · 1 r e s p ect 1 v e ,·. •
... calc u late E/ W from mean area method·,
1 ! a•
z·•l and 2 .
. 00 3 00 4 00 500 � rJ:oyw..,' w e c
O 100 2
a of Area
'

Length Quantity
-

Total
I

C h a i n a g . 0 108 . 85 108 5 5
. 1 0 7. 25 1� - Are Mean
109 25
• 109 4 i cpth central behveen
e
\OS.6 __,
O
area
o{
f gr o u n d (111) • ---.__ of - sides
(Lx A.)
ltL o po rti o n chain.age
ilfc.l
1 1 1 6. 5 m , u p ward gradient 1 il\ � (Bd + sd? )
. g e O is d2 'L' Cutting Banking
fD
a
'A • '
R ,L. ° f h a in au
n f/W s
•

on : ie n t in 4 00 fT om ch J:
8d'
. f or m ati D w ar d gr ad 1 (m) l
1

u d' (m) l
C
w n ) m
( )
6
l
in ag e 3 oo ti\ . [2075 Ash\\!
) ( m ( m ) (m)
cha
(ml)
up to
0
(m
1
!

0 to on w ard . 68.5 6.85 75.35 -· - - -

30 ex amp le. 6· 3 · 3 7 + 100
-6.85
t� solu 1io n of 50.6 6297 30 .'
Solut•ton A c
� •• . . -4.6 46 • • 4.6 1889.1
7+700
•
· �f arth w Q rk fo r a p o r t io n o f ro a d .bas ed ct 0
the qu an t ty e 64 0 25 .3 24.62 623.92
tim ale 7+ 124.
0
& 0
•
1
a. {oll owi ng inf orm at1 on. . 2 6 536 3216
the == 10 m 7+1 30 1 10 12
dth of r oaa
Formation wi d 1: 1 respectively 19.5 23 .4 17.7 531
• •

cu tt in g = 2 : 1 a n 7+160 1.95 3.9

'

. e slope •m banking an d
30 •
Sid o m ch a 1 n a g 7 + 0 7 0 t o 7 + 1 8. 3 1.66 9.96 16.68 500.-t
a d e o f 1 2 0 � £� � 1 90 0.83
Downward gr 7+
in e 30
le v e l f o m c h ai n a g e 7 + 1 0 0 to 7 + 16 0 an d ag � Total 2513.02 1063.56 ..
while it remains in
6 0 to 7 9 0 .
r
ch ai a g e 7 1 1
•

in 9 0 fro m +
an upward grade 0£ 1 �
:
at io n le ve l at 7 + 0 7 0 · i s 1 1 9 7 . 5 0 m . [P. U. 201; Here,
fo rm
•

Assume the
•

· ' ..
The levels are as below: . d;: 10 m
·
S for cutting = 1
•

e 7+ 07 0 7+ 10 0 7+ 13 0 7+ 160
Chainag
•
• . 7+1r
S for banking = 2
•

R.L of �ound (m) 12 04 .3 5 12 01 .8 5 11 96 .

25 11 95 .3 1 0 1196.i:
•

Total E/W in cutting = 2513.02

•

Solution: � , •••
•

Calculation of depth of earth,vork is •as follo,vs: Total _E/W in filling= 1063.56

• •

Depth of cutting is denoted by -ve and depth of banking is denoted by ti •

sign. &A ESTIMAil OF EARTHWORK IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN HILLY

•

Formation level at 7 +070 = 1197.50m •• AREA

Earth,vork for hill roads having transverse slope i.e., for t,,,,o�level section.
•

Chainage 7+070 7+ 100 7 +130 7 +160 7 + 19:

Distance in 'm' 0 30 60 90 120 \Vherc contour lines are very close to each other (as in hilly area) transverse or
R.LA of ground (m) 120-1.35 1201.85 1196.25 cross slope cannot be neglected in calculating earth\,1 orks. v\1hen these
1195.30 1196.n
��verse and longitudinal slopes are u.nkno\,rn in beh,,een hvo cross-sections
•

Formation level (m) 1197.50 1197.25 1197.25 1197j-

Depth (m)
1197.25 this portions of a road is called T-.,,·o Ievel s�tion. The metl1od of estimating
- 6.85 -.4.6 1 1.95 .-
0.83 - ilie volun1e of earth\\'Orks for such cases has been illustrated belo\v.
• •

l\•;
• •

...
• •

"' --
I ..
 •
...
•
ting Detailed Estimate� C
.:, a·nd cos h apter 6 I
th ,
•
n,a
•

tJ d l o f E,_S t j 169
3r1
nd

1t_
'

ctc , . �
on,pr • Cross slope of gro
und
r •
b •
••.• b •
. C •
•• •
►••
• D
••
B •
G:
• Il E C
l ' F

• •

A D •

I◄ b ►1• b •I
figure: Fully cutting Figure: (b} •

bis the half of forrnation "''idth.

•
A __ t.-:ng
· �
f ull y bAJl"-A
�
e,
Fi
,ve h av r: 1 �s the transverse slope.
•

g eo m etry '· sb 2 + r2
(2b H
'fh us, fr om . ,· ) _
- - + sli
g
•

fully cutti ng o r b . � . r 2 - s2 fl trt.e tnount of earthwork can be calculated by three methoels which
D (A r ea of
Afeil of AB C ••' a . d.in E/W.in pla1. n area ,vhich ar
e xp la 1 ne e as fo llo w s·
the s id slo p e. • re m
,vhere,s : 1 is e
fo r u la
tra ns ver s e slop e. �- M id s ect io n a l
r : 1 is the ing or dep of cut ting .. ,, Average e nd area or n,can sectional for n,ula or mean area
hei g ht o f bank
'His the
th
wi dth.
i- •
f orn,ula
n 3_
_
atio
• al

bis the half of fo nn Prismod1

•

ease II ·. utt1• ng port·10n (f"1gure a)

n cen tre lin e (FG) is 1n � _
a) Whe cutting ;
Partly in banking and partl y in an te of earthwor� for a road portion from the following
frepaie
es t ima
Area of = Area of bank in g
•

data:
ABE •
- r H ) t h ·
1 n b a n k 1ng
. � .
10 m
(b n wid
•

!
2 •

_-2 r-s fo nna t io

cutting =8 m
• •

nn a t io n d th in 'I

fo w i
= o f c u t ti n g
• •

D C : V)
•
•
Area o f E A r e a
in cut ting = 1 : 1 (H
!\> r H ) Side slope [2073 Chaitra]
. _ ! +
2
b anki ng == 2 : 1 (H : V)
I

-2 r-p Sid e s lo p e i n
L50
• •

6 0 90 12 0
Chainage
0 30
-
•
Cross slope of gro11nd� 0
t ( m) 0.2 - -
cu 0.3
•

•
Depth of 0.5
0.5 0.7
Height of bank (m)
b b 0.5
jc •
..
10: 1
••
••
of grou nd 10: 1 12:1
, 12: 1 8:1
Cros s slope 14: 1
••
•

B! Solutio n: g to
cu ttin
1

ai n ag 6 0 m to 90 nl th er e is a c h an g fro m
h
•

n , c
C
th a t fr o
E
It is noted
F •
e
e
n ce p oi n t) .
•

ce fr o m 60 m l<? b e th e ze ro p o int (i .e ., ba la
filling. Let, x b e th e d is ta n
•
•
I
' I

Figure: (a)
02m
•
30-x
b) Wh�n centre line (FG) is in banking portion (figure b) •
r
+ H)
•
2 •

Area of'ABE = Area of banking=·2 (b r-

•
!.
. s 0".3m

r 1 -
•
•

Area of EDC = Area of cutting = :!.2 (br- - H}

•

p . •

,,,here, H is �he centre depth of ·cutting or banking. From the figure; ,,,e have,
•

_ _
s .11� the s1�e slop·e of banking.
.
X 30- X
_ 02 = 0.3
P : 1 is the side slope of cuttit,g. . ,. ·
• •
•
•••
•
X =: 12 m

r • - .. ·-·
s, c• : : a ,. -
;a •• a
.
e
. -
• •
•�-....•-- ·---...
, aces
- . --
....
 •
'

nd costing
. ng a
n
l
of cu tti
l
M3nt
�o f £5t 1rt"ld
nl
.s o y presence g.
I 1comP 1crc
_ 2r1r2. ere i •
I• r + r2 , tt, •
e t zero po int, (r) - tf' ce
tf
1
J111 slop a
1,1can h a oi uc
m c ha
. g
m a e. '
lo p e a 60 � e re & ::: 4 tn
e s t
ge.
th e t rans v ers
a t 90 n1 c h.aifla b::::l
is nsvc rse sl op e m
•
,,,here, 1 a 5
r
is th e t r � o.
ti
•

•
rz 2 x 14 x I�== 12.92"" 13 1 .1 ::: 1 : 1
••• r ::: .. 14 + 12
th t ze ro p o c·
.int ,.c., balance point) (b) = 2
B
T + �2 S·
1- 1 0: 1
r: - ula for fully cutting; we have,
c res t w .
1 d a
utti
. .
n g .itlg forin
.,,her e, 1 ·
15 the fo rma ti·o n wid th
th
at
at
c
ftlli n g/ ba nki. n g . 31 .,s sb + 2bH + sH )
2 2
r2(
d
B
f.o nn. a ti on wi uttin g= 2 = Area of ABCO
B is the o f c r2 5
-
•

,-.rea
b==� +T •
1 X (4)
2
+ (10) 2 {
X 2 X 4 X 0.5 + 1 X (05)2}
•• • •
_
-
·
·
2
NOTE at ea ch ch ain ag e f o r ca lcu lat in g t h
•
(10) - (1)2
ss se cti on e Erw
•
h cro
It .1 s necess ary to dra w t e •
= 4.45 m 2 •

in hill road. th/height of cut and fill

. calculation of earth work in hill road• when dep . . is g e 3 0 m;
ain a
·
Du ring_
prese n lioth cu tting an d fi
I l at t h at c h a 1na g e Wh At �
g
. ma y ·b e ce o( lin g e h '
iven ther
.
e
of ot fill giv en. To kno w ot cut ti
.
ng a nd filling
rt
• w e c ec k · ...
nly eithe r dept h o f h e,
• g ht cut b h
or ;1
f'.11..d , Hall of formation
ng a nd fi lling , w e ca n ch e ck b �;
only cutti . . h ·ght Given depth/height@30 m - ,,;dth@30 m
•
Depth/h eig ht G iv =
en d ep th /h ei g h t at tha t ch � an ag � . . Oep
th/ et =
Cross slope @ 30 m
formation width at that chainagc
•
' . - Half of
- 8
•

Cross slope that chainage

•

�
I
•
of
- · --'­
� 03
If the value of depth/height� O, from above formula, there is only presence of 12 •

fu lly cutti ng or filling, whose depth/height is given, if the value of depth/height = -0.033 < 0
_ _
• •

< o, from above formula there are presence of both partially cutting and filling. pre sence of both partially cutting and filling.
•
Hence, t here is a
At chainage O m; • A
•
Centre line •
First we check;
• •
•

,
t

Half of fonnation
•
•
•

Depth/height= Given depth/height@ 0 � - cr:�d t�:e�"o

t

m
I
5 •
• •
.. • 0.3m
•
· · = o.s-i1f · •
• '
•
• • • •
E
= 0.1 � 0
Here,
12 X 0.3 = 3.6 m
•
•

s: 1 = 1 : 1; for cutting
' •
Centre line
• • •
• •
s: 1 = 2: 1; for banking/ filling •
10:1
r: 1 = 12: 1
•
t

D
t

I
•

• os
• m
I • -H = 0.3 m

•
. I ' •
r: 1 = ·12: 1
h=4m
•
•

For partially cutting and filling;

•

Here, centre line i; in the cutting portion.

•

•
•
• •

- - -
..._ I •
-
�-�__,;;;,;...;.;..;;;;.._.;.--:--� �
-� ;,:
 • •
•

ng and Costing
nua I of Esti mati
lete ,'Aa
'7i I comp •
. 2
•
artia ) c r s . 2 r - s - "'
Area of p 2
Area of ACDE
1 4 + 12 X 0.3) = 1 {4-14 X 0.2,)l
=z
•

1 -1 !
•

14 -2 - •

•
•
= 263 m
2
. .. = 0.072ml •

1 (b - rH)
2
�0e
,, 60 + 12 72 m i. c., zero point bill
. =
( a n ce p o i n
2 = A rea of L\C
•

Area of pa rtia lly fill in g = r _ 5 DE ·

. t)
and, • .,
IV) "' ·t,
there are always the presenc 0 .
2
�
ror - r
e f Partia lly •
CUtting a
1 (4 -12 X 0.3) fo r furthe c h eck. nd hanking
�• 'rJ i,eed

•
• •
= � 12-2 sa "° s •

= 0.008 m2 Centre�

I••
• •
At chainage 60 m; • •
A Centre line • 4m
• ' •
I I

• ' .
I
• • •
•
� ·
•
• 4m ,
•
: 1.2 m :l
o.2mT ;4 ..,
•
• =C
•
D
•
4m
�:
�---�····-....
m. 12.s 2:1
•
•
•
E 2t r 2 X 12 X 1 4
=
•

First we check;
• • •
.. 1 2 = 12 + 14 = 1292 � 13
r r1 + r2
•
•
.
. Hal� of formation •

. ff= 0 •
•
Depth/height= Given depth/l,eight@60 m - w1dth@60 m 1 °"' _ 1 f�+l
. Cross slope @ 60 rn b=1 ¥+
-2\2 T =4.sm •

= 1 :1;forcutting
. . .
8
s:1
= O. i -
•

tf = 2 :1; for filling

•
•
•
s:1
= -0.085 < 0
• •
I •
. . � · 1{b+rH)
2 •
Thus, there is a presence of both partially cutting and filling. Area of partially cutting = 1 r _ 5 = Area of AABC
He� ·
. 2
14 X 0.2 = 2.8 m
•
• • . _ 1(45+13x0)
H = 0.2m -� 13:..1
b =4n,
• •
•
=0.84 m2
•
•
2
..
s : 1 = 1 : 1; for cutting l(b-rH) •
and, Areaofpaitiallybanking =� r-s = Area of dCDE
s : 1 = 2 : 1; for banking/ filling
• •
2 •
r: 1 = 14: 1 · 1 (45-13 X 0
=1 -
• •
•

• Here,·centre line is in cutting portion.

•
•
=0.92m2
•
••
At chainage 90 m.;
•
rll'St we check;
•
• _ 1 ( + 14 X 0.2)
4 2
Half of formation
•
• -� 14-1 • , ,vidth@ 90 m
ig
Depth/he t=h Gi ven de pth /he igh t@90 m -- C r os s slope@ 90 m
= 1.77 m2

•
> ••••,. ... , .... � ••••

..
 •

I
Deta1 led Estimat
ting · e � Chapter6
estimati
. ng a nd cos • I 175
nua I of
tcte ,1,1a re a resence of fully banking onl .
IcornP iS p y
11' 10 •
V' tfte Cm� line
• 'fl'I
·== 0.3-!
, -- 0.116 < O . .
•
I•
B
Sm
•I•, 5m
•I
artiall y fillin g and cutting. • ,--
. pre s en c e of bo th P . 2:1 ---Tlr-
o m
s ---J;;C
h ere as a C tnt lin e
n,us, t � . '
I
I !
r 5m • 10:1
3.6m •

•I

J-lett?' • 1 == 10 : 1
• •
B� • 0.3 m .
• t• ·
12m • s: 1 == 2: 1; r
aor b an ,
kin g
•
• •
::: 0 .5 m
• . J-1
b:::Sm 2
+ r2(2bH + stt2)
•
• • · . g s b
• •

- Area of fully bankin = .

.. ••,
. r2 _ s2
•
-
• = Area of ABCD
Here, •
• • •
•
b=Sm ' •
•
•
H = 0.3m • •

r: 1 = 12: 1 ' • (10)2 - (2)2

s : 1 = 1 : 1; for cutting •

= 6.25 m2
. •

s : 1 = 2 : 1; for banking / filling •

•
� ge 150 m;
Here, centre line is in banking portion because the given depth is the depth At c
•
· t we check;
of banking. . _ •
Firs •
• . Half of formation
1(b+rH)
:. · Area of partially banking = 2
r'- 5
� Area of i\CD E Depth/height= Given depth/height@ 150 m _ width@ 150 m
•
_ · , Cross slope @150 m
• 2
. ., · . _ 1 (5 + 12 X 0.3)
= 0.7-i
5 •
·· . -� 12-2
I,, • •
•

•
• • = 3.698 m 2
•
0.175 > 0 = •
..
2 •
• •
Centre line '
•
•
1 (b-rH) •
and, Area of partially rutting ·= � ___..._ = Area of AABC • •
•
r-.s Sm
I'• Sm
•

I◄ - •
•I
2 -
►

-
• _ 1 (5 -12 X 0.5) •
B

•
• -2: 12-1
= 0.089 m 2
•

•
I
I 0.7m
•
At chainage 120 m;
I

••
•
•
•
,
8:1
First we check;
Thus, there is a presence of only fully banking.
I
• • • ·
• Half of for1nation
• Depth/height= Given d th/ h Here,
ep eight@ 120 m _ ,vidth @ 120 m • •

•
•
Cross slope@ 120 m
•
b=Sm •
• •

=O.s-fu •
•
r:1=8:1 •
•

=O�O H =0.7m •

•
•
• • 5 = 2. : 1; for fully banking
•
•

-------�--
•
•
 •
•
CcntTc line
Ii+• ---10 (y - 0.5)
,----.tl•
. ,----•-e•··· ____
I c()(l1P 2bl-l + sH G
= Area of ABCD
I

1 16 z + r2( -
sb
-
I , 1,a11ki n& =' - s z
?-
•••
•
• Q) / i
::: .. 2 2 ... •
/ i:
I•
2
•
(8) - . ( ) •
6: 05m 1 :1 y
••
2 Q) •••
• - 9.345 n
- , © •••
•••
J...tional area method which is , ..
./
5e1,..
•

� -.a
.. b)' m e an 4l •1. E• F
be c al C!Ul a "' B C
W c an •••
,r
E / � !•
�

a r f �rtn • -
tabul Length Quantity : :z:1
-
• • Jm 4m y
,.{ e an ar e a (A. ) 'L' (m) A
Ar e a (LX� CDGFE·
) e., area o f
Chainage
C ut Fi ll C at
2
Fi ll
2)
C u
(m)
-
tting FiJJ·�
l tn g
fo'�o(y- o.s) :::: 4 + Y
of 1J1�.,g
c L-P· ,- .
(01) i m 2 ) m ) ( m (nt l)
( rn ) ( (
- - - - - ........ •
4.45 0 y::: 1 tn
0 30 106.2 rca of © + Area of Q) + Area of@
;.
•

3.54 0.004 0.12- :. cutting :::: A

:::: ½
2.6 3 o.oog �o f ·
30 -
'

30 66
,
00 1�77 o.072 •
22 0. 04 1.2 1 1
X 3 X 05 + i X 4 X y.+ ! X 05 X (4 + y)
0. 92 1.305 0.496 12 15.66 5 .952-
•
72 0.84
18 •
4m
2
•
3.698 0. 4 64 1.895 8.352 34.11...
90 0.08 9 •

0.044 4.974 30 1.32 14 9 .22 100; ==

120 o· 6.25
C
b ·
!l. ,, D ,,e O +
30 0 >J
•
0 9.345 0 7.797 23 3.91
•
150
• Total 197.532 424.SU •
urtbeline
=
'
••• E/W in cutting 1'11532 m 3 • ♦
•I
•...---12(y-0.6)1---+t
F
and, E/W in filling = 424:512 mJ
- 1-- 2
-1 �1-: - _;:
..... :;-�.:..-
• rr-
0.6
•
_ � ••
•

• • y •
•

[1ffljjfflUD_____. ____. ----------

•

••

Prepare an estimate of earthwork of a portion of hill road &om the •

•
•
y
1:1
following data: . ·· ••
- • ,
••
..
Cb..ainage Depthof cutting Transverse slope &om centre
•
•

(m) atttntre
•
Left side Right side D ·E
• 0+000
0+100
0.50
Of,() •
6 : 1 downward 10:1 upward
8 : 1 downward 12:1 upward
. ,, --��-
•
... 0..8 ,
8x J( -tm 4m y

Fur, 11ation width is 8.0 m and side slope in cutting 8x+x=0.8

and banking are t: 1
and 1: 1 respedively. ' . . . · [P.U. 2016 , 201� or, X = 0.09m • I
Solu tion:
At chainage O + 000; - 12(), - 0.6) =4 + y
= 1.02m
• •
For area of filling i.t., area of M ••• y
BC •

. 6x=2x+1
•
• • Area of cutting= Area of ABCFED
· or, x = 0.25 m
= Area of @+ Area of ©
½
• •
Areaof(D� Area of@+
•
•• Area of filling = X 1 X 0.25 = 0
•
•
.125 ml •

•
• •
•
•
•
•
 rnat ing and C osting •• •
Detailed Estima
c ..tj te SO\ Ch ap
,Aa n t.al o f r.;,,
ter6 I 17
on,P i et c 9
118
Ic
1 0. 1 f r om c ha in a ge 30 m to 60 m, t cr. .
1 X 4 X 0.09 + -2 X 6(.4 + 0.09) + -2 X 4 )( 1 . t h h ng
O 4'oted ttut be t he d is tance fr om 30 m t o e ts a _c a e fro m cut ting to
2 i :,,.., •· L,et, " . lJ\! <A.: ro
i.._ 7n
point (r'.e., ba
::: It ,t.,;i,g• lance p01· nt}
+ 21 X 0 .
,6(4 i- t,,� .
'
. 1. � )
•
•
= 4.95 2
m o.7Sm
I t e d b y me an sec ti o n al ar e a n1 e tho d \ Vh i .
c a n b e c a 1 cu a , c h t s
k
•

cart l11 \ 1 or n1. .

&•v r...
th e ta b ula r f or ,,,
•

r,.:lo,�
t,e in
•
Mean sectional Length
'L' Q u
• • Area area (m ) antity re· ,,,e have,
C]tainage Cutting Filling Cutting fto111 t),e fjgtl � - X:
Cut ting Fi l ling - t

(111) i ) m ) l
F it �
�,::. 0.1.
(m ) m ) ( m2
(
l
m ) ' g
(
Z
( (rn3)
4 0.125 - - - •
- .,: � ')J,.47
o+ OOO .. na e f e ·. nt _
ro poi - 30 + 26.47 = 56.47 m
- g o z
�

100 4 .95 4.475 0.0625 · 1 00 44 7.S

:,
ct,ai
0+ 6.�
Total 447.5
:.
an harm o ni c s lop e at ze ro po in t (i.e., balance point) {r) = 2r1r2
M. e
6.
r 1 +r.,
•
�
. is the transverse slope at 30 m chainage.
,
. E/W in rutting= 447.� m
3 ' .......
:. r
11,tiete, r: he transverse sloJJ4; at 60 m chainage.
•

=
and, E/W in filling 6 .25 m iS t
•
3 •
•

2 )( 12 X lO = 10.90 � 11
r == · 12 + 10
Example 6.4.3
½
• •
•••
•

erestwidtlt a z t e r o p o in t ( b) = � + �
Prepare an· estimate of earth work for a road portion from the follow·
tn g
d�� Bi is th e f o rm at i on w i dt h at cu tti n g .
Formation width = 8 m in cutting and 10 m in banking ,vhete, g.
Side slope in cutting = 1 : 1 Bi is t he fo .._,.
r at ·
io n ,v1"dth · a t 1
t·11·
1 n
m
Side slope in banking = 2: 1 (H : V) . · (2073 Shrawirt) 1 8 10) 4.5
.
:.
•
b = 2 (2+T = m
R.D. 0 30 . 60 90 120 .
At chaina ge O ·m ;
R.Ls of ground 507.0 507.95 507.30 506.90 506.50
•
There is neither c�fting nor banking because the depth/height is zero.
Formation level 507.0 and upward gradient @ 1 in 150
A t cbaiuage 30 m;
Cross slope of ground 1:• 10 1:U 1:10 1: 12 1: 10 •

F "
us t· w e check;
Solution:
•
. . . Half of fonnation
- · . . \,rid th@ 30 m
Increase in level per 30 m is; •
Depth/height= Given depth/height@ 30·m - Cross slope@ 30 m
•

30
150 = 0.2m
•

No,v, negative sign indicates the depth of cuttin and •

= 0.1 - -f2 = o.416 � a
g positive sign indicates
the height of filling. · •
•
•

l ine
,
Centre
• •
R.D. 30
•
60
e

90
•
0 I
120
R.Ls of ground (m) 507.0 507.95 507.30 506.90 506.50
•
•
•
Formation level (m) 507.0 S(J/.20 507.40 506.60 506.80
•
• •
•
0.75 m
Depth/height (m)
•
-0.75 0.1
•
0 7
0. 1.3
l
•
• •

Cross slope of ground (m)

•
•
1:10 1:12 1:10
1:12 1: 10 • •

• •

•
•

> .....,., , ....� ....

 • •
•
. r
tin9 a nd C os ting
. ma
• ,.
'
t .a l of Es ti . Detailed Estl· ffia
iete h\all t e � Ch
'• f C001P
1B O
ly c ut tin g only . apter6J
l •h "�
\;a • '" .
1s a P resence o f ful
60 J11 i
• 181
•
111u s, ' •
,iJl
t1_
'c,
t, •

t Here,
�t t11· ,heek;
•
• e
ttv'
H ::: O. 75 t
.ing f'� . '
H a l o
1 ·
. t ·
, for c ut e i ght = Giv en depth/ h e i h t @ � f f orm a t·
i o
s : 1 _
--
,
/ h g 6() m - - n
pepth . ,v,ctth@ 60
b::::4m
2 : 1
... 10
nr
Cross slop
e@ o m r-
r: 1 = 1 •
. == 0 .1 - 2
+ r 2bH 4 sH
2
sb
1 •

= = Area of A Be == -0.4 < 0

•

Area of fully cutti n g r2 - 5 1 n •

,,.,;.o iS a presenc e of botl1 partially cuttin a d r· .

I

..
1 X (4) + (12) X 2 '5 4 X 0.75 + 1 X (0.75)
2
h e - - g n ng (bank'1ng).
•

t
2 1ll1
_ •c'
•""'
•
111 Centre line
)
1 - (1
2 1
) 2
-. ( ¾ .... •

i�•1
t m•
• = 6.720 m 2 •
B
10:1
••
◄
Sm
►I •

7 m ;
•
ainage 56.4 c�• D
I

At ch A
poi nt, the re is a p res enc e of bot h p arti ally cuttin g a nd filling. I◄
At zero
►'

so l'IIJ 4 n, 0.1 n, ·
need of further check. •

Here , - .. •

b=4.5m
•
Kett, := 1 l ll
0.1
•
•
10 X
r=ll
b:::Sn,
.
'

=
•
• H=O ' s: 1 2: 1; for banking
..
Qn�line
' 5: t = 1 : 1; for cutting
•

I••
•
• •

._4..S_m_.,.
11 : 1 ·· · •.. ff =0.1
1
•

0 :
•

•
1 and, . r : t == 1 •

.
•
• •
.
. IIy cutting = 1 ( b - rH )
2
.
A rea o f pa rt1a
• I
.·. 2 r _ 5 = Area of �ABC
_ 1 (5 -10 X 0.1 )
• •
2
..
• •

s: 1 = 1: 1; in cutting •
, - 2 10 -1
s: 1 = 2: 1; in banking
• •
. = 0.889 m2 •

. ' 2
· 2 )
•

t(b +rH) (
and, Area of partially banking. = !2 b r-s
+ rH = Area of dCDE
••• Area of cu�g = � r- 5 = Area of AABC
1(5+10x0.1)
• 2
_ 1 (45 + 11 X 0)
2 •
= 2 10 - 2 = 225 O\2·
•
-� 11-1
At clwnage 90 m;
• • •
• I

· =O.VSm2
•
•
First we check;
•
•
• •
•

and, . Half of formation

Depth/height= Given depth/height@90 m d
Cr:S� 5t�:e� 9()J1l
.
•

_ 1 ( 4.5 - 11 X 0) 2

-� 11-2 10
•
•
•
= 0.2Som2 •
= 0.7-ii • •
•

= 0.283 � 0
•
• • •
•
• • • , 6cc ..,.! ✓ --
'• ._,,
•
: •.. n1_>¾&� • •'"" r ,·,:!Y1� �l :2.• a a :a, s;- -
LL♦ St ;; ) s< ,;C'.' s» �T.'y . ' -
 ...

.. H == 1.3
'>'·•
•

l ••• .. r

.. r · l -::
.. .. 12: l •
b .,,- : ·120
.. ·::..::: 5 • •• • •
11\
•
Ii=-= 0.7 . •

•
...
•
•• •
•

' •

2
•
•
'
Chainage Area a are:a
t2. •• si- (m) Cutting � e at\ :s tlt eth
•
ec t i o 0q "'hich
i\ ( ri�
•

::: Are F il l ing a r e .

(tnl) in the
•

a of A. Ctt t � .., ) length ts

f
•
•
Bc:o 0 0 : ll\ 2
) ing Fi11·
(tn2) tn 'l• (Ill )
•
I:
A.t chai . 30 6.720 0 g �ti
ty
+ 2 )( ( )
I

nage 12 •
. . ., (tnl (t �
0.7)1 56.47 0
- ' Ctttti "
I

First \.\
�e c:hec 0 tn ·· I 0.225 n � )
60 0,250 3 ,3 6Q (Ill1 g tillin . g
k; ' . • 0.889
3. 4 7 2 0 ... )
..
•

- I-
90 �25 3o ... (!Jtl)
120
•
0 0
8 . S 65 0.557 .125
l (X)_g
'
l.25 26.47
.. •

• I',
0
17.583 o. � 91.90
3
0
S.407 3.53 I
· _. •
0 l. 3.30s
•••
E/� in 30 966
e1g CUtt:ing 1 3 .0 7 4 13.32 4,413
. 120 m - and, .E/W . :::: 207.98 30 162.21
. 10 '" •d an bank . 9 n \3 0 391_95 -
· . _ Cross stlho@ 1201n ing::::: 5
• l'ot�t
•

,
·
- 1.3 -Th' _ _ · .-
pe@ 120 111 60.951 11'1
3
it>7.9s9
360,95 1
�Us.
• •
: = 0.8 •
there is a :> O - ·
•
Estimate
•

the qu
••

- Presence foUoWin antity

•

of fully b g given of e�h

•
anking o i), Fonna data: Work: of
• -- nJy.
· · . tion Wid a. portion
C-entre l •
t of
ine · · .. Jn C1llfin h ( B); h ill ro�d
fr
-
•
g :::: 6 o ll! the
• and, In b Ill
anlcing:::: 8
•
B
ii) Side slo Ill
2:1 pe in b
• •

Side slo an king

• pe in cu ==·2: 1
I

..I ..
A
II

I•• 1.3 in '

i a
Cha n ge �-
tting::::
1 .s: J
.. L of ground
R.L of formati
•
•
• • • (P.U. 2013)
•

10: 1 (rn) on level Tra_nsv

Here, , · erse slope
s o. 1 2 98 (m)
(r)
• s: 1 -- 2: l, •
•
1303 1300
11: 1
; f o r ba n 1 : 150 downward
king
•

r: l - 1 0 : ...
lSo 1300 U:t
1 1:lSOdownward
b ;;;;:: 5 m 200 1301
1 : 150 do,,,n,vard
14: 1
• •
1305
12: 1
• 1 : 100 up,vud 14: 1

•
• •
• •

• •
. ....,..., ...... ...
 . . ,.,,
I
�ld11ea tstirna
e "Q\ Chapte
•,

I
•

•
r6 18S
•

0 oi;
. 'll'ge
, every 50 m )
1 S4 in (i.e. µ��
•

ery c h a
. n )evet per ev .. . Half of forman
g e i v·e'�'
11, " . .
Chaina - -505 0 -
- 0. 3 33 i
th/he g ht== Given depth/height@ om_ ,vjdth@o mon
o ,v n ,v a r d - 1 •
Cross slope @ 0 m
1 : 1 5 0 d pep
Fo r
•
50 _ == 0.5 . . 8
d _ .
1 00
u p w a r - . . . - 2- _2_
-
for 1 : tOO of c uttin g a nd p os1t 1vc sign i
n d· 11
and, . . gn ,. nd',cates t h e d e pth icaiei
a ti v e s i ::: 1.636 � 0
Herc, .ne g k in g ( 1
f'll ing
' ) . •

1 g h t of b a n of bankin g o nl y .
he en ce
th e
. o 50 100 1 5 0 200 ere is a p res
'{1\ US' th . Centre line
Chainage 129 8 130 3 1300 13 01 13()5 . I, . -lm
1t L s o f gr o u n d
ati o
( D\
n
)
le v e l ( m ) 13 00 12 99 .66 7 12 99 .3 3 4 12 9 9 12 99 •
B
4m m ►o◄
.,
R.L.s of fo nn - 0 .6 6 6 - 2
•
C
3 - 3.3 3 3 - 5.5 •1
) 2:1
•
ei gh t (m 2m
. Depth/h
•
1 1: 1 12: 1 14: 1 12:1 1 4: l
sve rs e slo p e (r) •

Tran
is a c g fr o m banking�
•
•
aina ge O II\ to 5 0 m, there � �
note d tha t fro m ch •
It is to b e th e ze r p int (1.e., balance po
th e d is ta n c e fr o m O m o o
irij
cutting. Let, x be
•
• ...•
Centre line Here,
•
.
- • •
b= � =4 nt
•
•

' ·
=
50-x •
2m for bankin g
•
5:t 2 : 1;
•
H=2m •

= 11: 1
•

•
3.33m •
r: 1
•

A re a o f A B C D
•
•
Area of fu ll y b a n k in g =
•••
. ' •

sb + r2 2bH + sH
, • 2 2
From the figure; ,ve have,
•
•
X 50-X' •
•
2= "3.33 •
• •
•
_ 2X(4) +(11) X2X4X2t2X(2{}
2 2

•
•• X = 18.762m •
- 2 2
••• Chainage of balance point= 18.762 m • (11) - (2)

= 25.094 m 2
•
•
2r1 r2 • , •
Mean harmonic slope at balance point (r) =
. r1 + r2 .
·· At chainage 18.76 m;
where, r 1 is the transverse slope@ O m chainage. po in t), th er e is th e
No n�d to check because in balance point (i.e., zero
r2 is the transverse slope@ son, chainage. presence of both partially banking and partially cutting.
,
•

. ··. - 2 X 11 X 12 •

Here, .
r= 11+12 �11.47�11 •

= 3.5 m
•
• •

· b -
•
Crest width at zerO po1n . e.,· balance point) (b
• t (i. 1 •
) = -2 Centre line
•

where,B 1 is the formation width at cutt.ing = 6 m •

. 35m
B2 ts the formation width at b anktn
- 1 -
. g = 8m ,� •I
D •

� . 6 8 •

b-�G+�
•
= 3.5 m (approx.)
•
I
A
I• 3.5 m �I •

• •
• •

•
 •• ,, .......

e Ntanua
•

186 I Com plet 1 of Estimating and Costing

••
•

I s ; 1 = 2 : 1; (or banking •

5; 1 = l.5: 1; for cutting 1.5 X (3)2 187

•

• -
- + (li)l X { 2 )(
·H = 0 3 )( 3.33
•
+ 1.S x (3
and, r:1 =11:1 . (12) - (1,5)2 .33)2]
:: 37.289 rnl
2
. 1
• Area of partially cutting = 2
(b + rH) age 100 m ;
••• _
r 5 = Area of tiABc tc h a .
• n
e ch ec k, •
• �,irst w .
, . 1(3.5+11X0)2 .
= 2 11-
1.5• [)ep th/he1· ght = c·iven dep th/hei Half of form
•

= 0.645 m2
. gh1@100 m - • W
Cros
ti
idth@100 �n
6 s slope@
100 ni
Area of.partially banlcing = t (b- rH)
2
••• = 0.666-¼
2: r-
5 = Area of L\CDE • •
•
•

•
• • = 0.451 � 0
_ 1 3.5 -11 2
I

X 0) e, ther e is a pr esence of fully cuttin n

•

• -i 11- ftenc g o ly.

B
== 0.613 m2
•
• • •
•
At chainage SO m; • • • • Centre line
•
First we• check;
• \
•
•
. - · Hal� of form
•
Depth/height= Given
I

depth/height@ 50 m ation •

- width @ SO m ..
Cross slope@
• 6 50rn •
•

== 3.33-12
•

-
•

Here, •

. == 3.08 � 0 . b·; 3 m •
Thus, there is a presen
I

ce of fully c�tting only r: 1 =·14: 1

I

.
'
s: 1 = 1.5 : 1; for cutting •
•
•

• Centre line
I
H=0.66m
= Area of ABCO
• •
••• Area of full y cutting •
• •
•
•
• 3.33 Q\ . 1
,2: I
•
sb
2
+ r2(2bH + sH1) '
• •
=
• • • • 1.5: 1 . , • r2-sl
•• • •

1.5 X (Jj2 + (14)2 x(2 X 3 X 0.66 + 1.5 X (0.66)2}

•

Here,
I

• • • =
·b = 3 m
•
(14) - (l.5)
2 2 .
• ••
.
r: 1 :::: 12 : 1
• •
= 4.736 m 2 •
' At chainage 150
• •

= 1.5 : 1; for cutting m;

• I
s: 1 • First we check, •
•

H == 3.33 m
•

•
•
••
Area of funr c Half of formation
ut ting = Area of ABCD ·. • Depth/height = C iven depth/height@ ISO width @150 m
m - Cross slope @ 1SO m
= �b2 + r2(2bH + sH2
• •

I. •
•

r2- s2
• •

•
•

-
,
•

.....,,.,, ' ........

 ua . .,
mple•te ,v.a
I co n I o r ts t1111al11 � a, ,-u '-V.llll •�
•
f 88 •

.is a presence of fully cutting only.

Hence, there •

.
• :ti :::: 5 . 5 m 189
Centre line
•
•• of fully c u tting == Area of ABC ..
• � D
•
2m 12 _. •

• , r2 - s2 -
15: 1
• •
•
-
S.5 + 1.5
•
- X (5.5)2]
• Here, •
•
04) - 0.5
• •
= 79.354 ml )
b=3m • •
earthwork can be calculated b m .
the y ean 5eeti
r: 1 = 12: 1 • rJoW' o na ) tnethod \V
•
l,Ul ar ,o
L r
rmm. h . .
• s: 1 = 1.5 : 1; for cutting the ta c
i h is m
•
H=2m • �

Area M e an sectional
• length
.
2 se ar ea A. ) 'L Q u antity
sb + r2 2bH + sH2 ( ' (m
•
••
(llaina Cutting Filling Cu ) l X A. )
( 111 ) ttin g Fill (
•
= r- - s 2 (m ) l
m l
)
ing
-C ut ti n g
l
•
'
2 2 ( (m . 2) rn 2 F i lling
:�-5 x (3) + (12) x 2 x 3 x 2 + ( )
1.5 x (2)2 '
0 0 25 .09 4 ( m l
) m l
)
• \
2 - (
• • . (12) C
- . 1�5 ) 2 -
. 18.76 .0 .645• 0.613 0.323 12853
... -
= 18.381 m2 18.76 6.059
A t chainage 200 m;
•

'
•
50 37.289 0 18.%7 0.306 241. 1 22
' 3 114 592.529
First we check, · 1 00 4 .7 36 0 9 .5 5 9
21.012
.
• •

'150
0 so 1050.6 0
' 18.381 0 11.558
• '

. • Half of formation
c;

II
0 ·so ST!.9 0
Depth/height= Given depth/ 79.354
heigh t@zoo m - . ,vidth@2oom 200 0 48.867 so 2443.35 0
r'.I.

. I 0 '
Cross slope @200 m
. _. 6
• •

. -
•
Total 4670.438 250.681
· =S·s-l
• •

14 - · .·. E/W in �g = 4670.438 m3

• •

= 5.28 � 0 and, E/W in banking = 250.681 m3

Hence, there is a presence �

of fully cutting only. '

. .
B . • •

1 •
•

Centre line
• Estimate the q11antity of earthwork of
•
I
•
a hill road when the formation with

'
I
5.Sm :
•
in cutting is 8 m and side slope is 1� : 1. The fomulion width in banking
is 10 Ill and side slop
e 2: 1, others data are given below: (The given R.L is
•
• •
1.5: 1 the centre p
art1l.L)

Here,
A
·I• 3
m
• �
3m
D
-.1 I • Chainage (m)
0 30 (,() 90 120 150
R.L of ground
•
•
b=3m (m) 150 150.6 151.S 150.8 151.S 1520
r: 1 = 14: I R.L off0101,dio 15 2. 4 153.2
•
•
n (m ) 149.20 150.0 1 5 0 .8 1 5 1 .6
5: 1 ==.1. [Transverse sl
•
•
5: 1; forcutting •

ope 1 in 1 1 in 14 linU 1 in 14 tin 10

•
1 in 10
•
• Solution: I
•

• •
• •
•
 . ,,,..,, ,-:-r:---c-.....-.r-��t?1£,"---;:£"�
•
• , ._.,.,,r,)4':i!�
f Est imatin g and Costing •
•

�nual o
90 I Complete
: 191
sec t io n
f cu ttin g a n e . C e •

The de p th O
th R . L . o f g rou n d a nd R. L . of for ma t i on a f roll\ r 1,aJ a JI 5 r ::: 1 3
be h\teen . e s b e 1 ow.• "'· fO b 'lfS 4 • I
difference • .., lated b)' n,�an area method \,•hich .
D e p t h of c u t t i n g Depth of bank ing
Chainage m T t il n s \•er se
(m ) ( ) slo 1
(m) Qu;tntity
• •
•
p,
0 ..
•
0.8 I
12: 0
0 .6 - •
30 10:1�
•
60 . 0.7 14:1�
90 - 0.8 12:1 ..
-·- -
- 0.9 �
120 •
1 4: 1 •

- 1.2
-
.
• 150 ' 1 0: 1 I 1.5 X 42 + 122 2 X 4 X 0.8' + 1.5 X O 82 •
1
,...
m t
•
t
It is noted ha fr mt, o cham a ge 60 to 90 m h ere 1s ch nge from
•
.8 12 122 - 1.52 = 7;646
.

� CUltin 0 ..() -
filling. Let•, x be the distance from 60 m to be the zero point. g� •
•

• •
' •
0.7 • '
1.5 X 42 + 102 2 X 4 X 0.6 + 1,j XO 62 _ •

10 = ,.708
- "----�---, :' 30 ...0.6 102 - 1.52
• I'

:': L, -+-t---r------------1,�;. -T�--t-7

I,''
,I.
0.8 I
•
' •
From the figure; we have, t.52x42+1-t22x4x0.7+1.5x0.72
14 � t1• '°
� !
--
=
.
•
• 60 . -0.7 142- 1.52 6.58 3 30 184.00 -
X 30-x
•
•
. ::::)

0.7- 0.8 •
•
• •

•
or, . x = 14 m
The distance of zero point from chainage 90 m = 30 - 14 = 16 m
• 13
1� 2r1r2
. Mean harmonic slope at zero point, r = r +
, r2 L-i.-.+-4::--:-:- --=::-:- --- --- ,-, -;-T 7
1
•
• :-,
•
\Vhere, r1 is the transverse slope at 60 m. l,'i Banklng portion
- - -
I''

•
13
·
(b - rH = l (4 5 -13 0),2 = _
. - 2
r2 is the transverse slope at 90 m. · . 't 74 0 a.!
. rca
) X
0 920
l',I
• • 2 r-s 2 13 - 2
2x14x12
•
,
.·. . r = 14 + 12 = 12.92 (say 13) ••
�;
•
• •
• 0
C' '
O"-
• ,...
I
. � X 52 +122 2 X 5 X 0.8 + 2 X 0.82' 0 r4
86.58
""'. 1 B
I'
0.8 12 . =9.902 + N � 16 -
:. Crest width at zero point (b) = 2 ..... 1
+
2
=
· 1 8
2 +
10 ''
122 _ 22 � I
2 2
''
i'
2 2
•
•
•
•
' ·= 4.5 m (approx.) •
where, B 1 is the formation width at cutting. •
•

+1-t22x5x0.9+2x0.92 ll.102 - 315.06

•

B2 is the for1nation width at filling. 120 0.9 14 �x 52 =

•
• 142 - 22 ·
Depth of cutting is denot ed by-ve sign. •

For cutting; ·
_
'
•
•
'

b-=4m • • :
•

s = 1.5
•
- ,, _ 406.83
2 2 x 5 x1.2 + 2 x 1·22 = 16.021
•
- 5 10
•
• ' • 150 1 .2 lO R x 2 ...·
• t"'l
For banking;
•
102 - 22
•
0
r: ,..
b=Sm
I •

808 .41
�

06
•
To(1 J 437 .
s=2 •

• • •
• J.
• > .....,... , •••• � ••••
 d C osting Detailed Est,
� r+·rna
'' tin g an rna e � C
.
.Ma n ua l of D hapter 6 J
ete
J

I c o m pl 193
f� -,,... y + 5 + 3.6
E /W i n c u
· g :::: 437.06 m3
ttill • 1z�ro-.7811'!
m 3 .
y"
•
••
g == 808 .47 a of A B C
n f A re
•
. IU
f• i , c u tt in g == fJ.
ot p..rea
::: z
•
E/ W 1Jl

.
o
1
L------�::--��:--�------'"'
' X 0.78 X (5 + 3.6)
• • ••
I II &
D �
E xa m r
I I I
:

ty e th £ ar work in hill road when the ll

• f o oWi == 3.36 n, 2
e q
•
•
Find out t h u ti
� � is 10 m, side slope in culling and filli ng diti
•
•

n F onn � w 1 dth n g if'l: a; , v e hav e,

v
are gi . e t
� on
•iltg foJ11l
. ul
es p ed 1v e lY·
tand 2 • 1 r H)2 = ! 15 + 12 x (OJ}2l
•
91 us
. == } (b +r

Dep th of C11tt in g at cen tre li ne Cr oss slo pe of ground a of cu tti n g 2 r-s 2

Chainage • }\te 12 .. 1 = 3.36 m2
1 0
•
O.Sm : 1
Om •
•
I

•
0.3m • •
1 2 :1 JJ501
-+: 1 . 4
. 30m 12 l(,::: 2x •
1.0m 1 0: 1
60m X:::: 0.14 ffl ✓
. • • ..

. or ,
Also draw aoss section at each point.
• •

' . � of banking, [A banking (i\CDE)J =

½xl.4x0.14 = O.O'JS ml
Solution: • •
••
Cross-section at O m;
•

we have,
• •

. nnu la;
ustng fo
•
Centre line sy
From the figure; we have, • •••
1 ,{b - rH):
•
-
I

king = of ACED= _
I

lOy = y + 5 + 5 •• ".-aa
r u � �f ba n Area
2 r-s
Y•! .
10 1:1
I

•
or, • y = 9 _m .
I o.s _!(5-12x0.3)2
I
•
• •
• : - 2 12-2
�----,-• -__;�C,
•
\
Area of cutting= Area C?f A ABC
•
B
•
:.
. I•
•
= 0.098 D\2 •
1
= 2xyx10 •

cro,s section at. 60 m;

• • 10y ,
· · · Area of cutting = fl ABE - A DCE
10 1
. · = x 10x = 5.55 m2
2 9 • •
Centreline
By using formula; ,ve have,· •
I

•
I
•
•
• •

. sb2 + r2 (2bH + sH2)

•
Area of cutting = •
y !•
r2 _ 5 2
•
•

•
• • 1 X S2 + 102(2 X 5 X 0.5 + 1 X 0.52) : •
• = 5.5 5 m . - �---l------+-,. ---...,c._----___,;,:;,�E
. 102-12 = 2 • •

B
�,..
• •

C
• •

Cross-section at 30_ m; 14 •I• •f., , ►I

Sm ' . Sm 10x
,..
• X
•
•
A •
•
IOm
•
•

• • 10y
From the figure; ,,re have, • •
•

Oy
J = y + 5 + 10
•
•
• •
••
)'= 1.67 m •
•
•
and, 10x + x= 5
or X = 0.45
•
•
C
•
•
• Sm 3.6m •
•
I
m •
•

12v ►I •
:. .
A cutting =½x 15 X r-½x 5 XX = 11.4 m2
• •
,m fhe figure; we have
I
Byus·tng
forn1ula; ,ve have,
•
•
•

> ·····'"' .... � ....

 • C osting
•
tktailed Es
an d
•
nu a l o f Est,rna t·i ng timate �
Chapter
6I
•
rn p let e N..a
I CO 195
I H2. == 1 X 52 + 10 {2 X 5 X 1 + 1 )( 1
2
b 2 + r l 2bH + s 21
s 102 - 12
a

I A cutti
.
n g -
- rl - 5 2
Centre line
I
I

== 11.3 6 m 2
rnich is in tabu ar for •
•
4 rn
n, ean a r ea n ,ethod, " l m
c a lc u late d b}' • I

c a n b e
I

E/\\' D
•

ea Q A +0.4 rn
Mea n Ar uantit·,-
•

of
•

Area of Ar ea Length ----..

n ag e fill C ut Fill Cut tin g Filling,
. Chai cut
'

2 (m) • 2. 1
m ) (m l) (m ) (m l)
l
t◄ ►I• •'
(m) m
( • l) ( 2
(ll\ ) 2m 2m
-
•

0 - -
0 5.5 •

0. 0 9 8 4.45 5 0.0 49 30 133.65 l4 ; ,ve h ave,

30 • 5.36 . 7� the figure
11.36 0 7 . 3 6 0. 04 9 30 220. 8 1.47 ... froin
60
Total 354.45 A..o
, .r u� a of cu ·
tti ng = Ar ea o f fl AB C-- !
2
x _(b - 1
rH)i-=- 4
_ • 5 xo.� 2
• 2.94 ... r-s 2 +
... . = 0.5 m 5-]..
u tt in g = 354.45 m'
, l
•
•• E /W in c • •

l
•

E/W in filli n g = 2 . 9 4 m 3 •
Area of £\ OE= {b + rH): = ! 4 + 5 x 0.4 2
C
rea Of filling =
•
A 2 r-s 2 s_2
= 6 n, 2
•
•

11amole &.4.1
•

tti ng ;
W or ko ut th e qu•a nti'ty of earthw ork in cuttin g and fillin g of a portion of a for cu
s == 2
hill road as per data given below:
Cross slope = 1 in 5 •
for filling; •
s= l
•
•
Formation width = 8 m
Side slope in cutting= 1 : 1 •
' Crost-Section at 30 m;
Side slope in filling= 2: 1 sb2 + r1 (2bH +
sH 2)
•
. =
• ,. ' · Area of filling r l _ 52
R.L of formation (m) 699.20 702.20 704.20
2 X 4 + 5 2 (2 X 4 X 2.2 + 2 X 2.22)
2
I
•

It L. of ground (m) . · 698.80 700.00 706.20

•
•
=
ml
•

5 - 2-
•
2 ,
I Distance (m) 0 30 60 • • =
34
• •
Centre line
�'
Solution: •
11 m
First, we should find the depth of cutting or filling. •
I◄
•
•
· 1.. 4rn -� 4m ►I
Depth of cutting .
•
•
•
Ill. of forn1ation Ill. �f ground r---......:;-•-·-··--·--· ..·······--·-··-·-·-----·
Distance (m) •
•

(m)
•
. (m)
I
•

or filling •
um
•

•
j •
, 699.20 698.SO 0 0.4 lll
•
•

702.20 • 700.00 30 2.2 m •

•

704.20 706.20 60 -2m . Cross-sedion at 45.71 m; •

-ve sign indicates depth of cutting

• •

•
Centre line '
The change from cutting to filling i.e., zero point
•

lies b�hveen 30 m and ro •

m. let, x be. the distance from 30 m. 4m

t

►I
• I
'
•
. From the figure; we have, •
2.2 30- X
X 30 - X'
2.2. - 2
I◄
- �
• A
...
I• I◄
•I 4m
' or, x = 15.71 m X

' •
C •
• E
•

.' •
&: ,€.ti..• ca •
> .... ,. ... , •••• � ....
 .,
•
uetarled Esti
• •
.
, mate
-(\ Chapter6 f
....
. and costing 197
r Estimat1n9 �npAOBlEMS
196
I co,nplete
Manual o
,,.�
. g ::: Afea of 6CDE 5
.
0)2 (E
o
Area f nba kJJl J- 1 ( 4 + X
== 267 n, 2
1 _(b + r f)2 - 5-2
-·;; ·
-- 2 he q ua n t i t ies of earthw or
s d ou t t . . k f or a o
-2. r-. fiJ1 e £o l )o w 1 n d at d
g . .a: si e slope in cu · p rtio n o f r o .
ad in a hil
1 {b- rH)2 t h tt 1 l
== in
,fro .1 respectively, formation ,vidth is 1 n g n ·
a d r1 11 i·ng a e 1 :
. -Area of 6ABC 2 r-s a11d 2 • 0 m. r 1
Arca of cutbng- (2067 Ashw i n
Depth cutting at Depth filling · · ]
1 �4 - 5 X 0): ::= 2 m2 •
at
== 2. s-1 v1stance centre line centre line Cross slo e
•
p
•

• 100 • 0.16m - 9:1

For 1,anking; •
1.0m - -

200
s == 2
-
•
10:1
I
• •
• •
•

. For cutting; .. '

300 0.90m
, - •
•
12: 1
s ==1
I

. . 5ee 1t,e solution of Q . no. 7

50It1t1on: ..
. Cross-sedion ·at 60 m;
•
•

Ccnttt line
•
lc o u t t� e q uantity of cart wo
W qr � rk in culling and fillin o
•

•
2. r ad a s p r dat a g g f a
•' j, o rt i o n o f hdl ? e iven below. 12 068
·
•
e = 1 in 5 Baish akh] -
2m Cro ss sl op
fo rm a tion ,vid th � 8 m •
1
. r•-=-·
• 1

Sid e s lo p e i n c u tt ng = 1 : 1
•
4m : 4m
---:-:=------��1
•
Side slope in fiI ling = 2 : 1 •
tom
•

• •
699.20
\

70220
• •
ltL offor1nat1on 704.20
sb2+ r2 (2bH + sH2)
•

• •
•• Area• of cutting = r2 _ s2
• • ltL of ground 698.80 700.00 706.20
Distance (m) 0 30 60
•
1X 42 + 5 (2 X 4 X 2 + 1 X 22)
2

· =
2 = 21 •5 m !
•
•
· 52 - 1 . Solut•ion: Su the solution of example 6.4.3
•
•
. The quantity can be calculated by mean sectional area method, 1vhich is� •

tabular foxm� J. 'A road is to be constructed in hilly area with formation ,vidth 10m,
•
•
•
. side slope in banking 2: 1 and cutting 1: 1. The height of banking .
•

-Area of Mean area Quantity • and depth of cutting at center line of the road is given below. The
Distance Le�gth ..
Cut Fill Cut Fill Cut Fill aoss slopes of the ground are also given at different sections.
•

(m) (m)
(m%) (m%) (m%) (m2) •
(ml) (m� Calculate the quantities of earth work. (2068 Chaitraj
0 0.5 6 - - - - - Chainage/distance Cut ting Filling Cross slopes of ground
3 0 34 0.25 20 30 7.5
• •
600 -
0 ni 0.60 m 10:1 •
45.71 2 2.67 1 18.335 15.71 15.71 228.M • -
30m 0.40m 15: 1
21.5
• 60 0 11.75 1.335 14.29 167.907 19.077 I 0
6 m - 0.60m 12: 1 ,
•

.
• •
Total 191.12 847.12 Solution: •· . · ·
E/W in cutting =·191.12 ml
• • •
•• �: change froni c
•
utting to filling i.e., zero point lies in between Om and 30 m .
E/W in filling = 874 .12 ml 'x be the dista
•
•

nce from Om. •

• X 30 - X •
• 0.6 � 0.4 •

' •
•
Distance of zero point from chainage 30 m = 30 - 18 • •
•
•
= 12 01
•

•
• •
 Costing
• •
•ua I of Estimating and
omple te ,Via n
I Ic •
198
-
a Iculat e t he earth "Work of
0.6 C a hill roa
• d (ro 199
• Centr.il depth ll\ the f
D istance C oll0 w1. n
• _ utting Filling Cross sl g data:
• I • ope (I!
•
• 0.4 Om 0.8 m :V J
•
• • 50 m 1.2 m 12:1
•
Mean harmonic slope at zero point= r 100m - 1.40 ll\ 10: 1
1 + r2 •

8:1
w·dth of road= 8 m
2X 10 X 15 •
• •
S•1 �e slope in filling == 2: 1
•
. = 10 + 15 == 12 •
. Side slope 1n cutt·•ng == 8 : 1
.
At zero p omt , the roa d • formed by partly in cutting
JS . .
and partly i Solut1. 0 n: Procud as Q. no. 3
b 5 m Nega a· ve sa·gn· indicates depth of cuttin •
g.
n balli;j
ng [2070 As
•
hadh]
•
Station depth Cross Area of Mean Distan
• ce Quantity
s. Estimate the quantiti es of
earth wor
k for a po
(m) 'H' slope section area• �
from following data format rt·ton of a
(m) ion Width hi
•
'r'
(m l) 2 Cu tti ng Fillin Side slope in cutting == 1: 1 V ) ;: 10 111 llY �oa d
(m) I
( m )
';

( H: l 20 7O Cha1tra)
l g- Side slope in filling== 2:
(m) 1 (II: V)
0 - 0.6 10 6.67
.
(Ill� I"
Length of chain = 30 m
18 0 12 1.136 3.903
•
-
18 70.254 - Chain.ige
18 0 12 1.25 - • 12
Depth of cut (m) 13 14
0.4 15
30 0.40 15 4.62 2.935 12 Height of bilnking (m) 0.2 - -
-
- •
60 0.60 12 7.27 35.22
•
5.945 30 - 178.35
.
Cross slope
1: 10 1:12
0.3 0.5
•
Solution: Su the �olution of Q. no 1:10 1:8
Total 70.254 . 7
Here,
•
213.57
At Om; •
6 Calculate the volum •

e of earthwork
•
' •

sb2 + r2 (2bH + sH2)� wid�h of road is 10 in a hill road h

m from fol101vin aving formation
• · Area == _ •
g data.
r2 - s2 '$- 1 · -
•
[2071 Shrawan]
Distance Depth of cut •Height of
• •

At 18 m; • •

(m) Cr oss slo e Remarks

For cutting; • •
•
fill (m) - p
• •
0 • (side slope)
-
• •

0.9 •
•

. Area = !
{b + rH)Z,
100 10: 1 Cutting= 1: 1
== •
2 r-s ' s 1 • 1.20 6:1
For filli ; · · 200 - Filling= 2: 1
ng .. Solution: 5:1
l
Area = - { b-rH )2 •
The chainage
2 -r-s· ; s == 2 • fronl cuttin to
g fill (zero point), lies between
•
•
•
•
Let, x be th Om to 100 '."·
At 30 m and 60 m; · · e distance fron
• From the \ 0 m. •
figure; ,ve
_ �b2+ 2
r (2hH + s82} have, 0.9 · 100-x
Area -
r2 _ 5 1 . ; s == 2 •
• -0.9 1.2 -==----
• • x l(X) _
X
I
•
• • E/ W of cutting or, • X
1.2
= 70.254 ml · X ::::: 42.85
E/W of fillin 7 Ul
• g== 213.57 mJ D1.Stance
•
•
fronl zero point to
. c hamag
' e- 100 m = 100- 42857
•
• •
• = 57.14285 m
•

•
 l•
·-·
E,s t l O)dlll I :) .....

O l Ja l 0f
p l etc
•
fAa
coni •
2 r1 r2 _ 2 x lO x 6 .
ro p o
. t _
in ( r) - . n·
t. c sl op e at z e r , + r 2 - 1 0 + 6 - ==: 7.5 0 111 0
ti • e from cutting to filling i.e., ze
n hn rn, on 5 ro poi
Mra flt'! dt""f .. the dis tance from 30 tn n t li es in hen
n , ,c
t f gure; we have,
111- .
forn, a t io n ' ''1·d th :: 1 0
111·
v � e i
veen30
m and 60
. . b::• -==5tn 1 0 . f rO O' 0.2 m
. 30- X
:.
ro p ot
2 _
. n t ' I · c '' · d
. tance of 42.857 n, tl,e road 1s partially cutt··
1s •n g af\d o. 2 - o . s 30

,......,.---..I�
x
�:::::::·.:. --....i"i
At ze .nd1c . ateS d. ep th of cutting. o . 2x
fillin g _ ,, e st· g n 1 o.5 " == 6 - X �

Cross Ar e a Mean Distance

•
Q uanti�, or,. "::: s.57 m 0.5 in
•on D e p th o p e ( m 2 ) ar e a :.
ti sl ) (m ) C ut (m
•
D is ta nce of z e r o point from chaina e
Sta 'H (m)1
'r ' 'A ' m l ♦
l) Fill ltn� g 60 m == 30 -
• (

- 0. 9. 1 0 10.16 - - - .. ......... Mean hannonic slope at zero nt "' r

8.57 = 21 43
• 111
poi (r) 2r1 2
•
0
r1 + r.,..
•

0 7.5 1.923 6.0428 42..857 25 8 . 9 7 6 ..

S57 -
.........
4 2. -
•

-
�
•
•
42.857 0 7.5 2.27 - _ �X 15 X 12
• 100 1.2 6 15.9 9.085 57.14285
•
- 519.143
•

road is formed by p
--:-::-.:..:..:.=
15 + 12 = 13.33 (say 13) .
200 0.5 5 7. 44 11.67 100 11.67-
artly in cuttin
g and partly in
Total 258.976 168
• •
• 6.142 - •
• �

Here, •
..
•
•
•

At Om; -ve sign indicate depth. of cuttin g .

I

sb? + r2 (2bld + sH1). _ •

s = 1; for cutting
.,.,A= ., ,s-1 •
r- - s
•
2 •
s = 2; for filling •
• •

• • •
At42.857m; At chainage O m; •
--rH) 2
\

1 (b + .. B
= s =l •

A 2 - r . - s ; • • • Centre line
• 10:1
At 42.857 m;
•
• •
..
A = ! {b rH) . s = 2
-
• l •
.
•
'
•
•
2 ·r - s ' •
•
•
•
• .. A
At 100 and 200 m; •
• •
.
••
. sb2 + r1 (2bH + sH2) . '
•

' , A= r2 - s2 . ; s = 2 •
• •
•
4m 3m
• . . 1 (b + rH) 2 1 (4 + 10x 0.3) 2
I •• Earthwork in �utting= 258.976 m3 Area of partially cutting= 2
•

2. 7' .2 m
.., . .· r - 5 · = 2 10 _ 1 · = 2
•
' · Earthwork in filling= 1686.142 m3 • •
A . 1 (b - r H) 2 1 (4 - 10 x 0.3) !
• •
r e a o f partially filling= •
2 r _ s ·· = 2
•
\

• 7• Calculate the quantities of earthwork of a portion of hill road from . 10 _ 2 -

the following data: · al '
•

� ·. · [2 071 Ch a itt = 0.0625 m l

Formation width = 8 m · At thainage 30
m ;
•
•

Side slope in cutting = 1 : i . • •

8
•

•
Side slope in filling = 2: 1 •
•
Centre line
• • •
15: 1
•

Distance De th of cut De th of • I

o u n d
fill .Cross slo e of
I
• I

•
. 0m 0.30m
•
•
•• 1 m
. t-':::----i - , 10 : 1 '• •I
r-�::...:::..��---==---____:1--_���--,
• •

30m D
•
: Q I
•
0.20m _ : ...? m
15 : 1 '---- -----:!-:•• --- ;:::.�-... 2:1
60m - 0.50m 12: 1 A I

.-
:
• •• E

90m •
8:1
•

0.70 m • : 3m •
♦

4m •
•

•
 . Esti matin g and LOSlll I� --.... ,., aurnate
,,.te Manual of � Chapter 6 I
comP ,t;. sb2 + r2 (2
brl
203
u:.-1 == Arc a of 6AB C f fully filling = + s�I2
. lly CUI.LUI g ,-rea o . r2 _ 52
Arca of parti 1 ,{b + rH)2 = ! {4 + 15x 0.2): ==
a
.
-- 2x42+ 82 2x4xo
=
2 r-s 2 15-1 1.7S rn2
82 - 22
•7 + 2 X 0.72'

filling A rea of �COE _- 7.55 rni

of p ·at = Arca Mean Area
1 (b + rH): ! (4
arti
Arca . + 15 x 0.2) 2_
- 0.038 rn2 �age Cut Fill Cut Fill length Quantity
=2 r-s -2
'

15 -2
( m l
) (m2) (m2) (m ) Cut FiJ I
• (Ill) (m )l

; 0.0625. - (m � (rn1)
ge m 7'22 -
At chan 38.57 •
�o 2
-
•
1.75 0.038 2.236 0.050 30
• 4m v-30 67.08 1.507
0.67 0.73 1.21 0.384 8.57
D .,-'31,.57 10.36 3.29
0 4.86 0.335 2.795 21.43
A
C L--""" (,0 7.179 59.89
•
,.,, 0 7.55 0 6.205 30
4m 90 •
0 186.15
... Total 84.619 250.837
'
-
g Ar ea of �AB C F.arth work in cutting= 84.619 ml
•
Area of partly cu tti n = •
••
f.arthwork in filling= 250.837 ml
1 Q>-+- rH)� _ ! (4 + 13 X 0)2
• •
.
= 2 r - s - 2 13 -1• = 0.67 m-, :I ;
8. Calculate the earthwork for or portion of hill road from
ar tia lly f illin g = Area of ACDE th e
Area of p following data: ·
(2072 Ka.rtik]
1 (b _ rH)2 1 (4-13 x 0)2 :
= = 0·73 m2
=2 r-s 2 13 -2 Chainage 0
I'
I 30 60 90
I' ItL of G.L. 104.0 m 105.0 m 106.0m 107.0 m
•
At chainage 60 m; • I'
Forn,ation level 105.0 m 105.5 m
} 106.0m 106.5 m
Centre line
') Transverse slope 20: 1 15: 1 12; 1
,..
10: 1
I

6m I I,,

�
4m :1. I
I
4m
'"I I ,, Formation width = 10 m, side slope in cutting= 1: 1
Side slope in banking = 2 : 1
05m Solution:
First, we find the depth of cutting or banking, ,vhich is gi\1 en beJo,v:
I
•
''
i Chainage R.L of G.L. Formation level Cross slope Depth
, sb2 + r2 (2bH + sH2)
. . (m) (m) . (m)
Area offully fill1ng::; r2 _ 52 •
Om· 104.0 105.0 20: 1 1
2 X 42 + 122 (2 X 4 X 0.5 - 2 X 0.52)
= = 4 . 86 m2 30m 105.0 105.5 15: 1 0.5
122 - 22 60m 0
106.0 106.0 12:1
At chainage 90 m; •
90m 107.0 106.5 10:1 - 0.5
•
Centre line
• I • -ve sign indicates depth of cutting.
At chainage O m;
,-
I
5.6m I
12m •I
.,..
�

4m 4m
... :,I◄ •I S=2 I•
Sm .>m
I
------·
►
I

h=Sm '1m
., A -·"·1
-.
0,7 ffl
I
I • H==l m .,. 2� 1
-,. 20: 1
2:1
I'" ...,.
!I
r=20 •
•
• • I,,
• • '" •
�
 tim at ing and Costi ng •
1A i:inua l o f E 5 •
cornplc tc /Y IU

sJ-l l)
1 sb2 + r (2b 2 H +
= 12.24 n,2
ljn g = • r1-s 2
Arcno f fiJ
I i = 117.33 m J
in c ut t ng 205
•• /W
= 395.82 m l
30 n t; 7.5 m :,win fillin g
g e I◄ , ,,
At chaina
•

I◄ Sm
s:::: 2 •
►I s rn 1.iJl road is to be constructed .
�--··· an a sade
H = o.5 m /t.a•• . a e t h c q ua nt· t . es
tcu l t r 1 of ea rthw . I ong gro
b = 5 n, c r
o k•n a le und . n c
2: 1 iv en belo w: n gth 2 � u tt ing.
i ta g o f 0o
r == 15 : rination width of road "' 8 m 20 from_ lhe
sbl + r2 (2bH + sH 2) = o 1 72 Cha
5 825 m2 , 1 op e - 2 • 1 itr aJ
= · ·
Sid e
• •
•• Area of filling rl - s2
•
pistance Depth of cutting
• • Cross slope
At chainage 60 m; (rn ) a t ce n tr e (m ) o f g:roUnd
For banking 0 0.6
s= 2 8:1
H=O 100 L2
•
10: l
r=12 •
200 • 1.8
12:1
• b=S I

-
1 (b + rH)2 _
-1 .25 m 2 sototioll!
•
•• =
Area 2 r-s '
For cutting
ttettt Side slope of cutting, s: 1 == 2: 1
s =1 • formation width = 8 m
H=O • • AJ djsta nt:'. e O m; �lint
r = 12 ,=2 I
• ·b==4m
b= S •

·1 (b- rH) 2
r=S
••• Area =-------=
2 r-s 1.136 m 2 •
• • ff =0..6 m
· 4.8m
At chainage 90 m; Centre line • _ sb2 + r2 (2bH + slfl
Area of cutting -
r-, - s2
• • •
r = 10 •
•
••

s=1 •
•
2 X 42 + 82 (2 X 4 X 0.6 + 2 X 0.62}
=
•
• H = 0.5 Sm 82-22
Sm
b=S • • •
= 6.421 m2
. sb2 + r2 (2bH + sH 2) At diltance 100 m;
••• Area of cutting = = 5.55 m2 •

r _ si
2
. Centre line
Now, ii

•
• •
• Area Mean Area Quantity • •

Distance 12m •
Chainage Cut Fill Cut Fill Cut Fill
(m)
•

mZ) ? 2) 2)
( (m ) ( m ( m (m3 ) (m�
•
0 0 12.24 - - - - - •
12m
30 0 5.825 0 9.032 30 - 270.96 sz::2
•
•
60 1.136 1.25 0.568 3.537 30 17.04 106.11 H=l.2
90 r = lO
5.55 0 3.343 0.625 30 100.29 18.75 b=4
Total 117.33 395.82
•
..• "- of
nrea .
cutting - _ sb2 + r2 (2bH + sH:)
•
., 2
r--s •
•
• •
 ting and Costir ,9
tima
.,,,,..,,..-----------�
r Es
�to�1\ecj�Es�'umat
ue
�·m e �
,_.e Manual o .,,,,.. Ch apt e r 6 \
cornP""'' Cut depth Fill dept
-..!...�20�il
C}lainage h transverse SlOpe
0 20 CII\ -
- 10:l
30 25cm -
11 : 1
..i.:.tantC 2,00 m; · 60 35cm -
12:1
. At UP Qr\tre line •
90
•
45 c1n
•

13: 1
I •

• 120 - 60cm
1.Sm : - 14:1
olution of vcamp� 6.4.t
sotutiott: 5a 1he. s
•="• -�-..·----- •

.,
---=4==-
m ��,-
_:.;!�,•
�,..-:..-:..4-:.._m- ◄-=--_-
\- -�----"
21.6m &timate the quan tity of earthw k of a_
on wid th o f th e cutting
is;
hill and wbe_n
the
'

fotmati• mand s1de slon

•

·d th • e .1S 2 : 1.
r=12
f011na tion b
m . anking is 6 m d 'de r The
an slnn · 3 •
w1
b=4 e 15
ground an d (ormat1on level at the centre Of -r • 1. The
51

H=l.8 toad � d also

•
traverse slopes of ground surface as below: the
s=2 l2D7S:> Cb ·
· artra}
b1 i1 (2bH + sH1)
. =s + Chainage 0 50 100 150
• Area of cutting = rt - s-i 200
R.L of G.L (m) 1150.00 1150.60 1151.50 1150.80
•• •

x41+ 122 (2x4 x1.8 + 2x 1.82) 1151.50 1152.00

•

2
•

.. = = 21.705 ml R.L of F.L (m) 1149.20 1150.00 1150.SO 115L60

'

}22 _ 22 1151.50 1153.20

nal method, the Cross slope {m) 1: 10 1: 1 1:14 1 :12
Now, from mean sectio q uan tity area as: 0 1:10
M area of Solution: Su t� solu1ion of example 6.4.5
•

ean
•

Distance Area of Length (m) Cluntity •

(m) cuttin (ml) cuttin (ml) cultin \tnY)

6.42.1 - - - NOTl
0 In chainage 200, there is no cut and fill. The partly cutting and partly bankin
13.33 9.875 100
100 987.S portion is omitted. From 150 to 200 fully filling and from 200 to 250 fully cutting�
200 21.705 • 17.517 100 17517
\ •
Total A road is to be constructed in hilly area with formation width of 10
2739.25 13•
· . m, side slopes in banking and cutting l2: 1) and {1 : 1). The height
•

••• E/W in cutting= 2739.25 m3

•• • of banking OT depth of cutting at the centr1! line of the toad are
given below. The cross slope of the gtoun.d are also given i\
•
10. Calculate the qu.antity of earthwork for a portion of hill road fm
- different sections. Calculate the quantities of the earthwork. - '
•

following data:
•

[2076 Ashwinl
Fo1c11.ation )Yidth = 10 m iri banking and 8 min cutting, sidt11.c? •

• in cutting = 1 : 1 and aide slope in filling = 2 ; 1 [2074 Owln Distance Cutting Filling Cross slope of gxound •

U:1
•
0
•

Chainage Cut depth Fill depth Transverse slo� '

0.50
•
0 + 060 . 0.5 - 10:1 so 0.60 { - • 10:1

0 +090 0.6 - 15:1 100 - 0.40 15:1

- 12:1
•

0+120 - 0.7 12:1 150 0.60

Solution: SeL 11-te solution of Q. no. 7
• •

Solution: Su the solution of example 6.4.1

lL Estimate the quantity of earthwork of road constructed

•
&.5 tsnllAn oF ED!ltB wa11 Dl cu-11s
in bill' dei,th or Ee depth o
with the following details: f the canals are s
White designing the canal project, if the bed _le�els
•

id e s lo � o . t for makin g
Formation width i n cutting m and i n banking 10 nL S s adopted, cavated 15 1'15 1 suffioen
that the quantity of earth. ex
. \l', . f,
cutting= 1.5 : 1 an d b anking = i: 1
.
o

. l •
 •

Detat\ed Estimatc
�
ng
Chapter 6 \
9 a nd co sti 209
t1ma t1 n
. -~ �, of E5 e h
f art ,,,ork 1s calculated on t hc same
.
, o mat\ner (pnnc
't,/

th of cxcavatio n ts. l• . . iple) of

--:
1e tc t,,\.11
an al, the dep o .so t n a tabu la r f orm.
comP
.de of t he c e (Bd + s dl) x L, t
gOS s1 . flit I\ ·ntat
•�
.
"ie-
1 d eS!:,. h of pern,ancnt land= B + 2sd + Road w1 , dths on h
r ll
u,e
o n
t0-1 ,., Idt t n\;; St"des
C l
t ,,'o � -
n J.s
d cp th . + Extra la nd widths be
tI cd econo 1icnl n bi
1....
e
yond the roads
l I• ..,
r3" 1', •I - ,.- F5L
___
f pe rn, an cnt l and= \Vidlh of � rm anent land x le
._.
_ ,_
a h
__
f.� o r- ng t
B.
Ate
In t b
·
--- - - - -·4 - .,- - - -�
,.. · pa Y rt l 1n ex ca �a tl o n an d pa rt ly
\ - t
s.,ok
",e: I
1 ,. u· y f carth,,·ork is calculated' both ,·n cuatn_tik
lft.taJl
t o ·
m
the quantity of the arth work m �
n g mtn
and fill. ing by any
s. H o\ v ev cr , if !ting is
tho d
:U
•
FS.D.
'!lit1"e- e req uired in banking, the
�
� the qu an tit y 1
thro �
'n
ba nk , o he rw ise i f t h e qu an ti ty of : : .� ��
Jlloie fortn spail t r ng
to t req ui red fo r emb an k me nt. t h e e x� earth � in
tak ecu tti
i,iaY tftaJ\ tha of 15 n from
y lan d.
•

em porar
' iS )eSSw pits in t
t,offO bi .,
ala ncin g d ep th;
�,���· l_.1,.,.;�g the b of fillin g
14
ttin g = Are a F.B. :l
A ao f cu
•

s, (H - d) l
)
sd 2 ,. 2 (b (H - D) +
tti ng.
+ .
cu
O:
p
.
0�
ba lancin g de
•

th e
th IJ\
w here,d is ank.
dth of th e b
8 is the bed wi the b ank .
FS.D
s:1
•

e wid th of
bi and bi is th top ,:1
e ban k a bo ut N S.L.
eig ht of th
•

H _ d is th e h •

slo pe in c uttin g .
s : 1 is the
lope in fulin g .
51 : t is the s d + sd
•

level. Area of excavation = B 2

the ful l sup ply
FS.L is (b 1 + h? )h + s"1 + s h1
ly depth. ing= 1
pp f ban k
•
FS.D. is the fuD su Area o .
· h=H -d
, + In + 2sd + 45 1 (H - d) + 2 bml
.
pe n,a ':!ll lan d B + b
Land W'Klth Width of t oes of bank
=
d pcnnanendy by oure
t
is acquire ond
n
widths + Extra widths bey
r
wid th is that land ,vid th which · t
Perman ent l and x len g
e s u m o f th e w id t h s of the bed and hi� \Vid th of penn lan d th
and it in c lu des th lan d
nt
t Area of perma
ane
the Gov ernm e nent =
widths required
n
req � fo r slopes , p lu s extra :.
In cl or N.S.L
- banks , plus wi d ths f or fullf a llot e tfO
the (lllln
d
taH: UL fully In
Un

ban k as per des ign . ·

beyond the outer toes of the this ca tego ry;
•

There can be three sec ti o ns o f

with N.S. L
el of coi n cides
i) When bed lev canal
DowdorDaula: e rv ic e ro ad is fo1 p rovided
canal a s
•

Generall y o n the side O f th e b ank

th e ba n k , a ea rthen bu nd cl
u rpos e. Thus on the inne r edge o f
n p
n
inspectio
:1
, 30 to 50 cm in F5.L
small sections (30:
cm to 5 cm high above the serv ic e ro ad cm
. •
1
cal led as abo ve.
top l\idth and 1 2: 1 to 2: 1 sid e slo pes) doY.'el.
cal cula ted in sa m e manner
The quantity of earthwork is i t
+ w d hs be y � � t-
•

n d == B + b i bi +
4s1d Extra toeS O f D41
e n t la ter
+
Width of perman the ou
�
Eat th{work in Canals .
CaR I: fully ID qeayatJon
•
d Le n gth
en t )an
Area of peru,anen t la n d = W"1dth 0 r-- nP rm an r X
dth occu p • d b Y
e wi
ie
N .S L ;ind th d widt h
c anal is abo v e • · ess th a n b e
d ii) When bed leve l o f fii gutt is J
wn an _
•
s:1
i. e., (2s1 H) as sho
•
the side slopes
of thannel •
B
• •• bi
- --
 •,

and Costi ng
I I complete
Manu al of Es tJmating

, Chainage (m) Ground level (rn)

,,dI B 211
•
◄• l• Proposed
•I i � ... l•"'Z---..i1• 0 325.24 bed level
• • h._
• •
(n,)
t,y
·-_
14· __,�, i. -----:-r----.
•
•
•• • 300 324�80 324.0()
!
:: H FSD. •
600 324.43 32.3.94
•

••
900 324.12 323.88
���
•
•
- 323.82
t• •I 1200 324..SO
1500 323.76
�

S-.H 324.98
Area""f filling;: Area of two banks+ Area of trapezium bel bed
•

O ow fin
•
d
-
323.7 0
Abo
•
or the econonucal de pth t
ii) of aa t lllg.
•
•
Area of llin = Area o! whole section - Area o f channel sectio 5ol
·
afiOD
•
fi g
perman ent land= B + b n Here,
l'Vidth of 1 +bi+ 2s1H + 2s 1 d + Extra W d•L­
i ij
ucyon d th. c oute
L - ._.IS B=Sm
b1 =bi= 2 m
r toes of •

Area of permanent land = Width of permanent land x Len t �

gh F.B. = 0.6 m
Whe.n bed level of ta�I is above N.S.L and the
Width OCCU F.S.D. = 1 m
• •
the side slopes i.e, (251 H) as sh own !-JI fitgure ts m p i,d1..
ore l¾I � .,, -
:. Total depth = 1 + 0.6 = 1.6 m
width of dwmeL
Height of bank above gro
und level (h) ::: H _
•
• • •
s=l d
and, s1 = 1.5 •

Chainage Ground Pr oposed b

•

: 51 :1 •m ed Depth of cuttingldiggi
H I level m' level m ng
dz 0 325.24 m
•
324.00
300 324.80 1. 24
323.94
0.86
•

Area of filling - Area of two 600 324.43

banks + Area o f triangl es be 323.88
, low bed 900 324.12
0 5 5
- Area of common t 32.3.82 0.30
riangle fonned by ins� 1200 324.50
.· 323.76 0.74
b
•

Width of permanent land = ank sides (as shown} 1300 324.98

· B + 2s1d + b 1 + bz + 323.iO 1.28
. · 2sa H - 2s 1 d2 + Extn
widths beyond the o Cu�
Area_ of pemtanent land = ute,r toes ofbanb EmbJnlcment
Width of permanent lan
d x Length -...e
� ..
-6
•
•

Examole &.5.1
•

-- -..E -
e0
...
- .,
..-E '--

i) Ctlculate the quantity

•
•
+ - - �-
Cl

of earthwork of an
-E -s.. ..... --..E
"t,

-�-
- -
• I .c;
..
d ..
irrigation channd llill
E .... - e -
the (ollowing data:
�
I -c, .J .J E

--c:: = -... -c:: <

+ -
"t,
u
•
e,, .D
-�
X .D -

-=o·..
,;"'

- .s::..- ; ;; <- -
I .D
Bed width = 5 m eia �
CJ
<
i Cl Cl Cl .,C oo

-
,a > > ft
.0 �

e ... ... -
•
Top width of bot I "C t:
E I 0
.D
0 -N E I
h the bank = 2 .D I
-
d ♦

..- 'S..c::- - t ".., ".. - -

C1 :i ;
E .c • 0
fS
Free board -= 0.6 m I � 12 -

:a " - ... ...

C,
I 0 .le .>I. fl I ; I
C,
rs ..J I I ::s ._
m
-
tlO

-
�
C: -
-
fS

-
C
O'" o.,
Full supply dep e
C,
I n

.
" "'0
•
CJ

- o- -
C:

-t
� .D
th = t m • ...
�
.D

=
.c .D I c:,
•
�

+
Side slope in ,. '-- •
.. •
V

0
--
� �
C: C, tie) C 0 C C C 0
cutting= 1 : 1 "
"C c:, «s
u
�
• �
Cl C: ::s • • I C - .0 d

.c u
Q 0 u c:, :,
4,#
0- r.
U) f-. ...:, C1 I CJ 0

°'N
U) � .D
Side slope in ba
�

.... '° - "

� �

°'
i½: 1 '°
0 0 00
nking=
CIC)
�
• N• Cf') "'If' ao
I I
....
"'If' I t
I rt) I
�
• � �
• • CW')• CIC)
....
'° °' '°-
0
8 r-..•
'°0,.
8 '°
0 0 0 co
ao
....
tr)
0
.C'I')
c::i
fr')• 00
i •
°' •
....
N•
°'
�
�
•
....
�
• r'f")• • �

'°
�

•
�
0 U)
Cf') � 0 N �

•
•
 d costin g f bank on both sides = 1.5 m
an �a1idth o
1rnahn9
- st d'1stance 400 m. •
ui,I o( t:" ,rol',.. ctn fall at
!Mil_ 75
t:;

P,er e i S a
orn te
I c
I an gj,
11")
•n I/')
._ 11e
1g
I

.... 1
�

-
�

g '"" • "'l ,n•

100 200
oO•
..0
8 ,,..,.
�
c:,•
.- --1' r-.
0
co 0 300 500 400
....
$
\l:)
("')
c e
,n ,,, 8 cS• ,,., ,,.. " " .,.• O i' ' a,r,
149.6 149.34 149.26 149.22 148.
600 700
"1
""
co
" G . L. 84 148.68 148.56
�
0 �
0
f
�
00
§
l/? 0 N
«-1 �
�

0
0
('f')
.-
�•
,n
• • 00• \0
\0 148.41
;::; • •
,,..,. it,l,.
g
�
C, \CJ LO C)
co
"'a- 148.98
r-< \0

...�
- '"•
�
0
r"; N
t,e d Bed slope 1 in 500
0
f6 °' of
�

,,..,. tt,L-
f
0
'° :i;
• C7' N•
t'} 0
I"':
,n $• «Jo �•
�
N '°
lfl
ll)
0
0-
8 n: e h
•
.....
...
,,..,. C'i
·oro
00 c"l U'l
501'1 tJe
0 �
aO �
a- &,
�

d pt is bet"",veen 300 n, to 400. Let the distance x from 300 m

;Ji Ci • �

" "
r'),
C'I
°'
"'
-
�
0
"'
� � �

....
c')

fhe t he deptl1 of digging is zero.

� 0 00 c:, •
'°.
00

...
N• �
\0 If)•
0 �
•
�• c"l• lI)
•
ere t
•
:g 0 0
,.... ,t'i,.
� C) �

..,
.,-4 C"f) �

,,..,.
.... 00 ""
,.-4• t'>
""
� I.I)

§ :q � � • •
... -
•

.... ....
-
0.3
E: 100-x

I .. f-'4 •I
�
\C
•
•
X
• •

ble ; we 11t1ve, 45. 4 m3 the fi gure; ,,,e ha ve,

from the ta
or k in excavat io n = 64 fro nt •
ea rthw •
Quan tity of fr om borrow pit = 4086.3 • X 0.3
k o be taken
ea rth \''O r t
Q ua rtti t}' of _ 100- X = 0.06 •
dep th •
··J fo r econ o otical . .
fill ng • X == 83.3 m .
JJ
tin g = Dep th of i
Depth of cut •
t cha nnel is fully in banking for the portion from 300 + 83.3 = 383.3
+ 2s1 h2 �e nce, he
or, Bd + sd 2= (b, + bi) h
•
to 40() m only .
I I
• B=Sm
•
s =l Distance R.L ofG.. L R.L of bed Depth of digging •
•
&i=b2;2m (m) (m) (m) {m)
SJ = 1.5 0 149.60 148.98 0.62
h = H�- d = 1.6 - d
100 149.34 148.96 •
0.38
or, sd + ld 2 + (2+2) (1.6- d) + 2 x 1.5 (1.6 - d) 2
200 149.26 148.94 0.32
or, 2d 2 - 18.6 d + 14.08 = 0 •
300 149.22 148.92 0.30
On solving; Wf: get,
• d = 8.47 m and 0.83 m 400 148.84 148.90 - 0.06 (fully banking) ..
But, the value of 8.47 m being too high can't be adopted. 400 148.84 148:90 - 0.75 = 148.15 0.69
:. Economical depth = 0.83 m 500 148.68 148.13 0.55

amtml---. --·---------------- 148.56

•
• 600 148.11 0.45
•

Calculate fhe quanti ty of earthwork and area of

700 148.41 148.09 0.32
pern1anent land required
for a land acquisition purpose for a porti -ve sign indicates depth of banking.
on of a channel.from the
following dafa: Now,
Bed width = 2.5 m up to distance •
400 m • B = 2.5 n1 up to 400 m;
Bed width = 2.4 m from 400 •
m to 700 m Then 2.4 m, s = 1,
Free boarid = 30 c,11
For digging;
Full supply depth = 90 cm •
• •

Side slope in cutting= l : 1 b1 = � = 1.5 m

1
Side slope in b�kin
g = �: 1 s1 = 12, for embankment
' •

• • •
•
•
'
•
 •

. and costins Detailed Esti

f r-...t1,nat1nS mate "'6\ Chapter 6 I 215
ual o D�
•
I comPiete f,Mil Embanlcm�nt / nnanent width= B + b 1 + b, + 2s H h
if' pe , + 2s a +
1 Extra widths beyond
(Jigg
in ba s:: bz 1.5 m, Sa = 1- ,·.
400 gan d then Z.4 ff\.
a
2 outer toes of property
-.... 15 m s, H
111 •
2,.S "' up to line

e-.,, -E
IJ - s -1 I• �1• •; · stH
-E
-
·?-"":�:-.!-
---...:__..,��:..:�
• 15m
:;-. �: ---- -j....
• � ·�•I -
!..
•••
-:--
-
•••
.: .:

-e - ...
�
.D ••
f i

=.,,
I
...-·--
••
i• • h
�e� ...
--· -·---'-:::.�
(:" +

-...
•
==
-
• ••

-....e -
••

., -
•••
e
I �
•
re, ..c:
N ••
••
.�
g-0
,;:- I I• •I, .-f • .f�
�

6 5th
••
::i' :•
.c ..•• .....__.• • ..
C
.c:
- ... -E
� ••

g .§.
�
t:
+ + ••• H ; � ./ '1h
JI
I
I I C •
.... ,..." •i . ....
-i a•
;
..l•
·-t:
Pl -0 .Q

-
C ;
d ••
� �
•••

s
.,..J
Pl 6 ..•• •
.�
1 �
CLI 0 .0 )( ••
:• •
c.,
N

J 0..
X :•
,." • ,,.• •
I ,D +
• ..c:-
•
....t:0 JI
�
•• •• ••
�

.,
IC • I

-c::,. -e -...
N

>
CJ •••
-0 CLI
> 0
.E • ..•• :•
••
•• •••
ta
�

- -CJ
:- Cl,. •
I 0 0 •• •• •• •
., I

-C10
.0
•
0 �

"'
C> � •
.Jl en ••
•
....r:: J::
Ill) p,. I
,; tll 'M' I

1
I

- - ·- ; 0
QI

]i:: "., c:: C

- - - -
I
-0
0
B ►I
....- -
;
.... C> �
�

...
f'l

i --0 u ., ..., ...

' .,..J u
-
0
-::u
- (i.e., for this question; 60
QI
.....,
�
-tS
V) QJ

-
I

-
V
I •

=
GI
.,., .D .Jl
cm + 60 cm (say)= 1.20 m)
-
f'l
,.
�
0

- -
0
Cl) .i::: '- � �

-...."' " < f"'!!

C: c::"'
< <
\J

.,;
GI
u
"
0 0 co 0 0
cu f'l
..."
�
0 ft � C
•
J-lere,
QI
c:; ,.c; C :s •
0 0 :s ri
�
c:.,
CJ :c f,-4
Per• 1nanent v:idth = Total sum of ,vidlhs
CJ
p,. (-.. C1
�

""
0
Cl .,..J =:i
' ....
�
C) 00 ""4 -

'
Q � 0 ll')
r--. t-.
r")
' N• tn•
,....
• 0•
,.... c--i I ' = B + saH + s1H + b1 +hi+ s 1 h + s 1 h + 0.6 + 0.6
....
00 .
&J')
(f") (1\• 0 I
�• •
&J')
0 0
0 r-4
N '° N co
= B + 2s, H + 2s,h + h 1 + bi + 1.2
'°
0
8 '°• ""'...
....0• .... .,.
�
N
.... c--i
0\ r-4- N• 00• 0
,n
� � �
•
oO �
0• l/l
N
= 8 + 2 x 1.5 x 1. 2 + 2 x 1.5 x h + 1.5 + 15 + 1.2
ti)•
0\• r"' 0 M
8 (f')•
0 0
�
,---4 tf')
f'f
�

'°
•

8 .... c--i
N• 00• (f')• 0\• I t-.•
00• ,....• 0\•
,.... 0 N
Distance B H h Maximum Area of land
�
0 (f")• �• 0 � � � �

Length
0 0 0 0 �
(')

(m) (m) (m) · width (m)

�

" 0 0 M M (m) (Width x Length)

....,,.
t-. tn
0
"i r• 10 co
....
,qo• 0•
-
• •
8
� �
0 0
,..,
�•
�•
0
�
0
• �
•
0
•
QC)
,.... 00 0 N N ll') tn Lr)
0 25 1.2 0.58 I
0
I 0 0
'°
0 N N
°'• M
100 2.5 1.2 0.82 -
'° g
tf')•

....
r')• Ln N• N• I"')
,.., • (f')
• IJ')

ao
0 0 0 0 �
0
• �
00
�
,.... M � r--. \0
• Lt'\

0.88
It\
r') 200 2.5 1.2 12.94 200 2588
.,,
...... Fully '° '° 300 25 1.2 0.90 -
:> �
•
•
•
1n I
r,..•
.....'° ' 0
....
N•
....
N •
co
r--.• �
• �
•
t'\
,..
<")
co 1.2
�

13.90
�

200
• •
g
0 (f') � 00 • 00
400 U/s 25 1.20 2780
�
I
·banking
400 D/s 24 1.2 0.51 -
..
......
en • ,....
0 '°•
0\
'°•
ti')
..,.•
00
,....
cf')
• ' I I
0
N•
,....
ln
•
(f')

....
Lt>•
co
t"'-•
f""4
tf')• I I I 500 2.4 1.2 0.65 -
8 0 � 0 0 0 N
�

'° ,.... '°t-. 600 24 1.2 0.75 12.45 200 2490

N 0
'°•
N 00
8 00 0 Ln
°'•
tr) '°
.... ....
ti')
ti')• 00• 00 N• '-D• N N =i:
2568
(")•
700 2.4 1.2 12.84 200
•
0.88
� • • � •
� 0 r-4 0 ,-4 f""4 0 r-4 r-4 .N N �

..,.•
� �

0 lf')
�
0
•
00
0•
0
N•
0
C"i
00 ll)
"=fl•
,....
8 tr)
�
0
N
If)
t"'- �
• '°
C\
• °' ,:-..
LO•
r:--.
in
(If
M
Total 10426 m 1
� r-4 r-4 p"4 ,-4 � 0 N f'"1 C"') M

8
" (")•
0
N
�
0
• ..... "00
0
0
•
0
• s,....
• 8
....
t°'
....
0
0
N•
..-4
co
co•
0
�

N
•
N
('f")•
N
°'
'-D

"ff"
•
ll)
�
"d'
•
,n
�
,:t
i:
t",
t"
•
•• Area of pern,anent land to be acquired= 1.0426 hectare
• •
•
•
• Quantity of earth¥.'ork in digging (LQ 1 ) = 812 m3
Quantit)1 of earthwork in en,bankment to be taken from borrow pits
•

= IQ2 - LQ1 = 2286 m3 • • •

:. Total quanti_ty = 3098 mJ -

For area of permanent land, the area shall be ca
lculated (or e,lery 200 Ill
length taking the n,axin,um ,vidth ,vith
in this reach.
•
• •
•
 ns and Costin g
f e.stnnati
• • '"'te Man ual o
\' cornP� •
217
S
-.......
l ,1 0 1t£M
o1VlD •
.,.
&..5.1 s ..,... ..,.
aI s tt1 ,.•
-" --
•
I

rk i n Ca n • '"T -r
Earthwo
••
•
Amt X L (m3 ) ••

...t\titf ::::: Q 1 ' '°00

t-,.
wo rk for a portion of :::::
h ...,.
-
ear t
-
. ua n tity of ch anne • �
0 'O °'
'°•
th e q \ \\t'it
te " '°
-
•
C alc u la h C'I �
�
•

1. w i n g da ta : �

the fal lo
\t) �

3 m t--
Bed wi d th :::
4
0
r"') �.
0 °'•
....
0.4
--
== lll , (ml )
fr ee Bo ar d rea:::: Am
ggi n g = 1 :1 teat& a
. Side slope for di • � • t--
�

co• �
.... r.l

1
2 :
0
1 1 secti onal area = Bd + sd 2 ml) '"T i--
ba n ki ng = :rotal ( '°to-.
Side slope for .,.
CIC)
to-.
f'i •
1m
dep th =
"-•
y � l ( 1) \t')

Full su ppl ::::: sd m

1.5 m Side � :le)

dth of ban k =
. Top wi
• \t')•
•
....•
�

• 0 30 60 90 120 --
Chainage 15o
223.88
�

223.82
-
•
223.94
•
22 4.0 223.76 N
Proposed level
�

223.,� tt in g = d ( m )
.24 22 4.8 224.43 224.12 224.S rorpt h o f cu 0 •
225 22�.98 t-..• �

R.Lof G.L
r'"')• N•
0 0 ,-
- ""''�l L---------------...1._�-1_��-1�
o
•
•
(llainage (ml r') ,., ... �....��
.... LJ
w
•
typic al x secti on . l2070 Ch�:�
�
0 0
• ':)
Also dra 1
0 (' U"\

Solution: •
Now, •

Here,
•

o f d ig g in g (d ) = G L - be d lev el 1Quantil)' of earth,vork in excavation

• •
Depth = 431.97 ml
Base ,vidth {B) = 3 m - •
Quantity �£ earth\,1 ork in embankment to be taken from
= 286.11 m
•
3
•
Side slope of cutting (s = ) 1 •
borrow pit
• . Side slope of banking (s1) = 1.5 GraRd total =718.08 ml
H eight of ba nk ab ov e G L = H ·= F ull
• Supply depth+ free board::: 1 m + 0.44 m = 1.44 n, •

b1 = b2 = 1.5 m •
• •
•
\.S: 1 :•• h
h=H-d \5:1
•
• •

1 Calculation of earthwork •
••
..
I, •
I ••

°' H
I.
I
Balance quantity taken from borrow pit (of") 0 00 "',.. I1 ••
•• •
•
•••
.,...
00 C"')•
I I
•
I
• • • \:\ \: •••

= Ql-Qt (m )
l
• (of") "1'
.,... �
f""4
'iN I1
••
••
•
••
•
•

N °'•
� '°
.,.• ll')
N
•
••
•
•

'°
0 rt')•
Quantity = Q; = Am1 X L (m
••
3 I •
) tn
N ,....
.... .co '°
�

-
�
•
U') .,... r-4
\4: •
\• • 3 -m-�•I •

Mean area= Am2 (m 2

�
('f') °'
r--. (of")
00
.,...
ll') •
t a
� •
) I t-..• 00 •
'°
• �
•
0•
w ork {t o m 1 0 0 0 m le n gt h �
• T""-4 C"') It') N
2. or
W k ou t the qu an ti ty o f em h
°' '° °' " \2072 Chaitta\
channel with the f o\lo¥.ing data:
•
N .,... r--.
Total sectional area= (b 1 + b 1)h + 2s1h (m2) -....
1
c5•
Ln
t-..• ("')•
It') • lt"I•
("')
Bed width= 4.0 m
�

t--
•
0 C"4 lO i)
= 1137.30
N '° °'
00 t"- "0•
\l)
ii) Proposed bed leve l at Om
8
2 ,,-4

Side area = 2s 1 h (m1 ) t"-

\ = 1: 1
.,...• ttin g
�
00
•
cu
�
(of")•
0 ..... •
N
•
0 iii) Side slope in
1
C"')

= 12: 1
•
r--. .,.•
+ b 2)h (m )
00
Cenh'al area= (b 1 1 '°• t!:• '°•
N r4
iv) Side slope in banki n g
N •
�
•
0 ..... N 0

l
C"')
m
-
= lSO
°' .... 0 v) Top width of bot h bJ nk •

J
0 go
r-..•
�
""'"•
H�ight of bed above G.L = h � H _ d (m)
�
N• lO• 00•
pth = 60 cm
0 0 0
•
r4 0 0 vi) Full supply de

• •
 --.q-- ,,. ·,:i • ' - . - �

4 •n·w a �
.... ,.,.
:- ,_ ' •
�
'tl'J'.,'ir◄
I

219
b o a rd ::: 45 Cdl
,.) free p e=11. n 5000
J

51 o
VJI
ed
•
o,v:
•
) B bel
•
viil ls ar e gi· ve n
le ve
Ground 0 500 1000 - Quantity of earth\,·ork.1 n e
mbank tne
Distance 1137.90 1137.80 1 137.60 earth nt :: o
le vel Quantih·� of ,vork.1n CU
Gro u nd •
lting
el 113 7.30 ::: 26325 tnl
os e d bed lev Grand total
Prop :: 2632.5 m1
Solution: •
· Calculate the quantity O f .e
hwork tlnd
Here, required for the land ac u1s� arei o e m
B =4 m 1 t ion purpos for a : r !nent land •
da
fro·m the followi ng t · a: e Jon ° 1
s=l p a channel
Bed width = 4 m l2072 Chaitra)
= 1.5
•

an d , S1
Free board = 45 cm
bi = b2= 1.5 m Side slope in cutting= 1 : 1
o .4 5 +. 0.6 = 1 .0 5 m ' ·
H=
h=H-d Side slope in bank ing= 1�: 1
0. 500 1000
-
Distance Full supply depth= 1 m
1137.90 1137.80 1137.6() Top width of bank= 3 m (1 eft) 1
G.L m
1137.30 1137.20 1137.10 .
There is 50 cm fall at 60 m d st'anc.Se. (nght)
Proposed bed level 1
Depth of digging (m) 0.6 0.6 0.5 Distance
•
0 30 60 90 120
lat io n of ea rth \\'o rk ca n b� ca lcu lat ed by sep arat�ly or combined!. R.L. of G.L 109.80 109.7
150
• The calcu _ 109.35 109.30 109.15 109.11 0
cal cu lat e sep ar ate ly bu t m th e pr ev io us questions ,,,e ca\culat�
• Here, ,ve R.L of bed 109.52 Bed slope 1 in 3000
combined I}'.
Solution!
Calcu lation of ea rth ,vor k fo r di gg in g/ cu tti ng
.
Total Mean Distance (m) R.L of ground (m) R.L of be,d (m) Depth of
Area of Area• of Length
Q,I
Depth area Quantity cutting (m)
sides area
-.... centre
V
0
•
�

' d' 'l'

{Q,) = Am Xl 109.S 109.52 0.28
'Bd' (sd2) (Bd + sd2) 'A m' l) 30
\

2) l 2) (rn) (m 109.7 109.51 0.19

(m
(m) m (m )
C
. (m ) (
2
60U/S 109.35 109.50 - 0.15
•
0 0.6 2.4 0.36 2.76 - -
60D/S 109.35 109.50- 0.5 = 109.00 0.35
500 0.6 2.4 0.36 2.76 2.76 500 1380 90
•
109.30 108�99 0.31
1000 0.5 2 0.25 2.25 2.505 500 12515 120 109.15 10S.98 0.17
• •
Totnl ·2632.5 m3
-ve sign indicates depth of banking.
Calculation of earth,-vork for embankment/banking B=4m •
H = 0.45 + 1=1..45 n,
•
Area of Area of Quanti�• 0.19 30-x
Height Length h=H-d
-a
CJ
u Total Mean
centre sides (Q?)
'L' s for cutting=1
·-
.
(h)= H- d b1 + b2 h (2s1h2) area area
(A., xl)
II)
( ) s for banking= 1.5
X 0.15
( m) 2) l) ( ml) ml)
( (m) ) .
(m ( m (ml
I.e., S1 = 1.5 •

0 0.45 1.35 •
0.607 1.957 - - - - h1 =3m
500 0.45 1.35 0.607 1.957 1.957 500 978.5 b2 == 1.5 m
The zero depth is in bet,veen 30 n, and 60 n,. Let, x be dist e from 30 m.
nc
a

1000 0.55 1.65 0.907 2�557 2.257 500 1128.5 -

•
'
•
•
 •

•• iI Detailed Es
t1 mate IQ\ Ch
1
apter 61 221
C, == 1 131. 22 m
\fC }li\V
J1e fig1 1rc,'
.
total (carth,vork) = 1().:\
front t • G ra 11d · 01 + 1131
s Q• 19- rn 1a n en t la n d acq u · 22 -
- 1 23 5.22 ml
. 15 th � p e i re d ;
30·_ s a::: O
0.1 9" f•'or .
Max1n1um w1'dth = B + b + ..._ A .
5 X ::: 5 7 - 1 "2 + Q ., J H
or, 0. 1 I
+ Extra widths b
toe of bank top eyond oute_r
::: 16.76 rn p o
. nt = 30 + 16.76 = 46.76 nt
i rop· erty line (i c
:.
c 0f b ala n ce · ·• say O .6 + 0.6 = 1.2.
• :<. l1a
C •
111 ag .,. m)
., n g t h M aximum width
i ng L e B (m H(m) h (m) perm
) of
.

i g g
�

,v o r k in d an ent land within A rea of land

E»t h (at ) 60
, s ::: l I

B· ::: 4 n ,
M e a n -- 4 1.45
rn (m) (ml)
of Ar ea of Total area le ngth Q�nti
�
0 1.17 -
Area area ty - 30
II Oepth centre sid es (Bd + sd2) (Am 'L' Q1 = A" 4 1.45 1.26
• s:: - 'd' 1 Xl
'1 s
t dl' 1)
·-.--_
.,
(m)
•B ' d
2
s
m 1)
( m 2)
(m 2)
( m)
(tn� � 6{) U / 5 4 1.45 1 .6 0 '
18.85 1131
(m ) ( 4 1.45 1.10
1.19 8 - (;A)D/5 -
0.08 4
�

0.28 1 .. 12 90 1.45 1.14

0 0 .5 1 6 0.857 30
0.1 9 0.48 0.0 36 25 .71 � 120 4 1.45 1�28 I

30 0 0.258 16.76 17.89 1073.4

0 0 4.32
46.76 - 13.24 Total 2204.4
Full y bank ing Area of. permanent land required
60U/5 -0.15 - - .-. for land acquisition purpose is 220:l.4
1.4 0.122 1.522 m2.
600/5 0.35 * •
1.24 0.096 1.336 1.444 30 43.32 Calculate !he quantity of e�rthwork for a p
• 0.31 ortion of ch annel with
0.17 . 0 . 6 8 0 .0 28 0.708 1.022 30 3 0.66 the follow1ng data:
[2073 Chai tra]
120 Bed width = 3 m
• Total 104.01
Free board = 0.5 m
• Earthwork in �mbankme nt • • Side slope for digging= 1: 1 •
= 1.5, H = 1.45, h = H - d
• S1 = 1.5, b i = 3, bi
Side slope for banki ng = 1 : 15
Central Length Full supply depth = 1 m
Side Quantity
C.I
u Height area Total Mean "L' Top width of bank = 1..5 m
r:: - area
.!!in -6 h=R-d (b1 +.�2) area area Qi= Am,X L
.... (2s,h2) (m2 (m2) (Am2) l
Chainage (m)
• 0 30 60 90 ..
(m) h 2 ) m
( )
•
• 0 (m ) (m) R.L of ground (m) 224.8 224.43 224.12 2245
• ( m 2) • -
0 1.17 5.27 4.11 9.37 - - - Proposed level (m) 223.94 223.88 223.82 223.76
5.67 4.76 297 Solution:
30 1.26 10.43 9.90 :30 Here, •
46.76 1.45 6.53 6.31 12.84 11.64 16.76 195.08
B=3m
60U/S 1.60 7.2 7.68 14.88 13.86 13.24 183.50
- FB = 0.5 m
60D/S 1.10 4.95 3.63 8.58 •
FSD = 1 n\
90 1.14 5.13 3.89 9.03 8.805 30 264.15
Total depth (H) = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5 m
120 1.28 5.76 4.92 10.67 9.85 30 295.5
• Height of bank above ground le\1el (h) = H - d
Quantity of earth,vork i n en,bankment to be taken from borro,,· pits is; s = 1; for digging
= 2(Qz- Q1) if Q2 > Q 1 and, s 1 = 1.5; for banking
: (297 - 25.71) + (195.08 - 4.32) + (183.50 - 0) + (264.15 - 43.32) b 1 = b 2 = 1.5 n1
+ (295.5 - 30.�,
li_\

• •
44 6 = ,
 •
and costing
E.stirna .
t1 n9 Detailed

--
ua I Of Est,rna► ,e -(', c h a P t er 6
n
pletc Ma
•
I
I coni find the quantity of earth Wo I 223
pose d b ed Dep th of rk
d Jeve1 Pro 11\ethod from the followin d of irrigation cana
Groun level (m) cultin&fdigging (tn) g ata·• 1 using prismod·1a l
inag
--
e
CJ1 J Chainage
•
(rn) 0 [2075 Ashwin]
(rn) 223.94 0.86 50
224.8 R.L. of ground (m) 100
--- 100.00 101.00 10 ISO 200

-
0 223.88 0.55 R.L. of formation (m) 99.S 1.00
224.43 O 99.0Q
99.00 100.00
30 89.50
-
•
223.82 0.30
formation bottom width of c 89.00
•

224.12 anal is 6 rn
88.50
60 223.76 0.74 • on.• and s1. de slo
224.5 soluti . pe 1 : l.
90 - we J<nOW, pr1smod1a
.
l formula-quantity· '
glllg / cuttin g • 2
,
h ,vor k in di g d1 +dz
d1+d�+2dd +s
No,\!', earl B 2 J 2
Total Mean 3 X L
-a
Area of Length Quantity
area area \\'here, Bis the formation ,vidth.
•
of •
h Ar ea sides 'L'
Dept 1 (A m (Ql
center 'Bd' 1 (Bd + sd ) =: Am, X l) 5 is the side slope.
'd'
) (sd ) ) )1 ) (m) )
l)
�
'

....a::
t$
ml m2 ( tnl
(m
2
( L. is the length bch,·een chainage.
(rn) ( (m
0.739 3.319 - - .. Here,
0 0.86 2.58 B = 6cm
0.302 1.952 2635 30 -
30 0.55 1.65 79.()65 5=1 •

0.99 1.471 30 44.13

60 0.30 0.9 0.09 L = 50; for each chainag�
7 2767 1.878 30 - •
•
90 0.74 222 0.54 56.355
Chainage
•
•
Total Q so 100
'
179.SS 150 200
•

wembankment . . o ormat1on m) 99.50 99 100.00

Earth w o rk in bankin

--===:-----l---L-=-:.==._j
•
-
.00 89.50 89.00 88.50
D e_p_ o_c
th _ f u_1-
t-t· _ng�
(m )
--E
•
_ 0 5 --1._!-_2.:\JO, I 11.50
....:.._i__.:.: ·.:.. 10.00
Side
...
Mean
11.50
Center t1
•

--
•
.. cu �
Length QuantifJ
area area +,.._ area
� "l:
.,.J
GI (h = H-d) 'L'
·-
�

«'IS 1 t1 (Am2) Q2 = Atn2Xl ' ,-

X •

C (m) Cbt+bi)h 2s1 h r'4 �

) ) e

□ ) ) + m
0 ,.D
(m) l �
�

( ml
( ml r-4
(m
2 ( -
"O

•
•
·--
bl)
c:;
,," ' ...
- ..
,:
"Cl
+
N ,_
N
+ •

e ..- ·-
Cl "Cl "O
- -
"'O
+
'

bO N"�
0.64 "O >..
t',

- -a "Cl "O
1.228 +...IN +
l'I
1.92
.;
3.148
0 +
- ...... ...... + N r,I") N-
�
0 � "Cl "O "O
"O "'O NN �
..J C: N-

30 0.95 . 285 2.707 •

5.557 4.352 30 130.575 0 .i:: ..., ,.,
"O "O "Cl
+ ti') :s
Pl "O
+
N,..
Q. Q N- 0 <I)
60 1.2 3.6 4.32 7.92 6.738 30 202.155 Q
Cl
"O X
';. '
"O '
90 0.76 2-28 1.732 4.012 5.966 30 178.9S +-N �

+N
I •
,., -
C ,.,
• • • ,
• Quantity of earth\\'Ork taken from borrow pits = L (Q2 - o.) 0 0.5 - - - - - - • - . - •

= (130.575 - 79.�) 5 •

• • 0. 2 + 0.50
•
+ (202.155 - 44.13) + (178.98 - 56.355 2 7.5 0.25 4 1 1.75 1.i5 9.25 50 462.S
•
2 = 1.25
•
= 33216 O\l 2 2 + 11.50
••
Quantity of earthwork = 179.55 + 332.16
•
100 t-1-1.-50-,1 2 40.5 132.25 23 53.08 53.0S 93.59 50
•
4 -1679
· = 511.71 m3
= 6.75
•
 •

Deta,lecf Estr
ma p- ---'- ch ap
�� t er 6 I 225
224 Side slope in cutting and fillin == 1
1 12 1 126.5 126.58 126.58 19-1 08 so 970.1 g 1 2: 1
11.SO + ! t,7.5 132.25
fully supply depth == 1 m
.SO
11 - 2
• 150
11.SO ::: 11.25 --.......__ free board = 6 m
11 .50 + 1 1 2.25 12 1 126 .5 126.58 126.SR 194.08 so 970{ R.L of bed at o m == 1395.SO
67.5 13 m
11.00 - 2
200 ::: 1 t.25 Ground level along th ea1.•gnrne
tt .50 Tot.11 2;\5.\95' nt are given bel
ow:
rn> R.L of ground 1397.50 1397.00
-...... 1396.50 1395.70.50
24549.5 m3 Distance 0 300
c utting:::: 600
••• E/\A/ in 900
sotutio n: Su the solu1ion of Q. no. 2
of r.arth work of an irriga tion canal
With I
q ua ntity
6. Calculate the [2075 Ch . h, NOTE
owi ng dat a. 411-r{J
• foll .
R.L of bed level at JOO m _
5 - 139550 _ 1
•

Bed wi dth == ir. .

m 3000 X (300 - 0) = 1395 40
Free b oartl -:.:: 0.6
R.L of bed level at 600 m - 1
_ 1 395.40--
Fully suppl y dep th :::
ban
1
k
m
:: 2 m 3000 X (600 - 300) = 1395 30
Top width of bo th
== 1: 1
_ 139SJO - 1
R.L. of bed level at 900 m -
g -30-00X (900 - 600)
½:
Side slo pe in cutt in = 1395.20
•
= 1 1 Thus,
Side ·slope in b ank ing
Distance (m) 0
0 300 600 I
300 600 900
Chainage (m) -, G.L (m) 1397.50 1397.00
•

(m ) 325. 24 324.43 324.80 1396.50 13"95.70

Ground level Proposed bed level (m) 1395.50 1395.40 139530
(m) 324 .00 1 in 3000 downward 13,95.20
Proposed level Depth of digging (m) 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.5
solutio n of �am p� 6. 5.l
Solution: Su the Now,p roceed same as Q no. 2
• •
NOTE ..
•

pro po sed bed lev el at 30 0 and 60 0 dis tan ce s are calculated as follows; •
Here, the
1
Proposed bed level at 300 = 324 - 3000 X (300 -
0) = 323,.90 •
•

Proposed bed lev·el at 600 = 323.90 - 30�0 x (600 _ JOO) = 323_80 •

•

Thus,

•
Chainage (m) Ground level (m) Proposed level (m)
• 0 325.24 324.00 • •

• 300 324.80 323.90

•
323.80
•
600 324.43 •
• . •
Now, proceed same as example 6.5. l • •

7. Calculate the quant·1ty 0 f earl hwork of a n irrigation channel with •

the f o11 owing

. data: (2076 Ashwinl •
.
B e d wi• dth of channel == 5 m •

Top width of both banks= 2 m

•
Longitudinal slope of bed = ·1 in 3000
•
• •
•

• •
•
 •

icorrip lcte
T I N O f HIGHWAY FOR 0k t -
RU C O P er 6 I
t11E co NST I(� preparation of sub-grade
227
TE f0 R 6. 1
TI
ES HM A l(XX) n, � 60
&.6 -
LENGT 460m: 30cm
7. providing, laying and
,,·1u Lh
, . nstru ct ion of a ne w hi h" r consolidation of 75 mn,
• ' 1 _.'
- r t h e c o g vay or gaug� sto ne boulder or 1
u-.- eta il e d es .
t1 111 at e fo
a ta :
1 100() -Im 015m
a d 1• ng d soling coat 600ml
prepare
•
th e f ol lo ,v
h "th
knt lengt 'w � 1 dth == 1 2 Ill
= O . 8 0 m s. Laying, consolidation or
o n e "
•·t so n,m gauge stone of
forfll 3t·1 � e1• g ht ol eIJ\bankm 1 1000
1
Averag1e h e b nkmenl = 2: illtennectiatc layer 4m 0.15 m
480mJ '
Side slope of m paits == 0.30 m Laying and consolidation
o f b orr o w 9.
Dep t h .1dth -4
•
of 40 mm gauge stone of
," - Ill • 1 1000
I
e
M a t l : ... 4 . --Seco nd coat painting ,'lith 8 mm size
top layer 4m 0.12m 480n,J
• ballast @ 0.009 m 3 /m2
with •
1 ,t coat painting
•
1.21 kg/m2 bitumen
• •
.' 10
first coat p&1inhng with 12 mm size i) 12 mn, gauge stone lt'\
ballast @0.015 m /m2 ,vith ballast @ 0.015 n, 1/ m2
3

2 kg/m2 bitumen surface area 1000 0

6() ml
40 mm gauses tone ballast X

ii) Bitumen @ 2 kg/ n,2

• '"T

surface area 1 1000

C"t
X
-r 8000kg
I ill) 1 11 coat layinr, 1 100) 4· - 4000 ml
11. 2nd coat painting
I
-

•
I• i} 8 mm gauge stone ballast
l
I
0\
@ 0.009 m2/ m2 surface 1 1000
�'?\
area 36ml
0:�: 0.8 m 2: 1
X

ii} Asphalt @1.2 kg/m2

�
•
• I

surface area 1000

Solution:
• •
• � X 4800kg •
-,,
iii) 2nc1 coat laying 1 1000 -
E Description of work No. L B H Qty. Remark 4 -l(XX) ml
I 12. Dressing of shoulder 1 1 km 1km
1. Surveying, centre line 1 1 km
�
- - 1 kn, 13. Brick edging on both
1
sides 1 bn

I
n,arking
2. Pcnnanenl land required 1 1000m 30m
- 30,000 m2 1� Provision of minor bridge
1 km •

culverts 1 t km 1 km
3. E/ W in embankment = (Bd + Sd2) x L •
10880 ml
= (12 X 0.8 + 2 X 0.82) X 1000 15. Fomu.1tion level pillars at
_ 10880 every 100 n1 1 1 lcn, 1 kn,
. Q!Y of EL\AJ 86266.7 m2
4. Tcn,porary land required�
• Depth of borro,vpit - 0.30 16 Traffic diversion
construction of service
•
•
•
e
CIO road
1 1 kn, 1 kn,
• rt)
•
... 17. Road direction posts 1 11km 1 km
I
Turfing on side slopes of ...
5.
embankment 2 1000m 1.788 - 3577.7 n,2 ,.
&.l
• •
,:,
'";j �
ESTIMATE FOR SlAB CULVERT

•
•
•
�
ta
C: 0
�
Exama11 &.1.1 •

Prepare the quantity estimate for a slab culvert shown in the figure.
...
0. J
• •
-0 ,..
Cl
• t/) v

• [2064 Chaitra, 2070 Chaitra, 2076 Ash,vin]

•

•
•
 •

d costins ..------------__EDe�talalled Est ima•

n le'"" Cha Pter 6 I 229
f Est1rnat1 n9 a
• Manua I o ..-
I 1-class l>rick,vork 1n (Up to top of
1 : 4 ccn,cnt mort&,r
3.
;ibu tn,cntc.
2 4.8 0.-t 1.5 --
:,,16
R.C.C. lab) (0.3 +
l+0.2-=15
see haU scctioml
elevation)
Wi1,g walls 4 1.2 0➔ (Above R.C.C.
1.5 2.88 sLib up to Kerb)
parapets up to kerb 4.7 (-1.9- 0.1 - 0 1= -1.7) ,
0.4 0.J 1.13
Parape ts abo\·c kerb 2 4.7 0.3
• • • 05 1.41 (Above kerb
excluding coping)
Parapets coping 2 4.9 0.4 0.1 039
•
• I
•
Tota l 11.57 mJ
Deduct
Bearing of R.C.C. slab
2
.. 2g •• 4.8
I

in 3bt1tn,cnt 0.3 0.2 057

SECTIONAL
A- ·�- 1.50"1
•

4. R.C.C. \\'Ork 1 : 2 � -t in •
Total 11.00 mJ
Pl.AN slab excluding stC1!1
and its bending 1 4.8 ll No dcd uction for
02 2.016 volume or steel
centering shuttering
anJ binding steel 1.5 + 0.3 + 0.3 = 2.1

s. StL--el bar i1,clulling bending in R.C•C. ,vork

·
0
Atiding one depth,
• • •
16 cm for hvo bent
- • 20 mm dia. bars-main ups
Solution: f qua ntities straight bars 30 en, c/ c
ts and calculation o 17 2.38 - L=2.10-2sidc
Details of measutemen ·= 4.8 - -10.-16 n,
•
(No 0.30 + 1 = 17) covers + 2 hooks
•
No. L B H Qty. Explanation =2.lQ.. (2 X -l ctn)
Particu1ars of Items
z
0
•
See sectional plan + (JS X 20mm)
l. c..rthwork in 4.8+0.15+0.5=5.1 =2..38m
�cavation in Main bent up bars 30
0.3+0.3=0.6
'oundation abu tments 2 5.10 0.70 10.60 4.28 cmc/c
•
(See half sectional
16 2.5-1 - - -10.6-1 n,
L = 2.38 + 0.16
elevation depth [N 0 = 04.8 = 25-1 m
.. belo,v G.L} .30 == 16)
•

Wing ,,,alls
•
1.20 0.70 0.60 2.02 L = -1.80 - 2end
•
Tota'. 6.30 ml 10 mm clia. bars- CO\'CfS +l.hooks
distrihuting l>0ttom 9 4.90 - - .J-4.10 nl = -l 80 - (2x-l cm)
•
2. :::cn1cnt concrete 1 : 3: 6 in foundation witl, bars 25 en, c/ c
Sa me as earthwork -+ (18 >< 10 mn,)
(H L of concrete is • = -l.90 n,
Stone ballast abutments 2 5.10 0.70
•
0.30 2.14
used from hall Distributing top bars -1 4.90 - - 19.60 m End cover = 4 cm
sectional elevation)
:Wir,g \Valls 4 1.20 0.70 0.30 1.01 Total 63.70 m @0.62 kg 39.49 kg
• Total 3.15 ml • •
•
 • •

��
s nS
t ,� � -- - - - - - - -
rn
rna� t1 n�g!a
� nd�Co
u.a l of Es t1 .__
c tc f,M n
o m P t In bct,vccn �
231
O c O 92 nt'
2J 2.30 0 .1 0 p,,rclpctc;
4. 00
Cln crc tc 1 : 1 -
c n 1 c
(,. Cc ,.,ran. nr,' co,al
n,
2.· -I , . r, 1 .• ?- 1. 0 ,�.1 ' lls
Cli n t1n .74
1. Ccm
cn t p
0 en , 4. 70 - 2 1 0 19
,, ., 11 f ro n' 1 1.-
F,,(C ,
,\' G .I , u p to Ht .= (20 + 10 + 50
t,c lci )
o
1
j .,g
4.7 0 - 0 .80 7.52
= 0.80
t
Bo ton, f co pp t 2 •
.10 ncr s1·dr of parapc
c o p ping B = (10 + '10 +
10
excluding �i='----.J .JO
( n n er e d g e,
0.7 0 - 6.86 + 10) cm •
T
Copin g i 2 4.90 _s,.�orJ-

;� r r1"n-�-·:.::.:.::�.J
ge a nd = 0.70 m
top, ou tcr CLl
e)
--
' - --
---
d sid Up to kerb
Olttc r en
- 0.40 0.20 0.32 • 0
1
11 Ooo
--,

9::::-�:=r=' :::::�· '�d

J
pe
4 - .•1 C>
•'---
ti) "'

t::::�-
1
par a t
0 .6 0 Abo ve �
En ds of
4 - 0.3 0 0.50 kerb I
tI '
I I U
I:> ._
•
ds of p ar a pe t Edge and under
I I I I
I
I
•
E n II
II I
t
I
I :a:
I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
•
I
- II I
0.20 0.32 side (2 face at each 0 I I •
5 " II I
.:r,,
I I
4 0.40 I
' z
I I I
g
I I

d of co pin side) I I
En •
...<
� I.I I I I I
. >
•
I I
J • �If I

·
I
2
I I

!
•
35.36
I
Total
-te ��£t
I I
• • % f:JII I t

••
I I I I
I I I I

•
•• I 0 I
•
I
I -c I I
•
. �
I I I
r.J•
-6 0 I
• I
w I I I I
(, gIn
•
�- J u t I
Deduct -' • I I I t I

D
lnclt1lling 10 an E 2
''
I I E I I I I
- J E I
(IJ� •
•
1.30 3.90
belo,v C.L and i 0 ...,
.., I
I
I
..,
w I t
I I
t I
I I
2 1.50 edge of R.C.C. § I I

II
•
•
I I I
Rectangular opcrung •• -<
�
, & I �
I I
I I
e
�
I I
l! I
slab t
X I 1 I

-- _, ' .
I
I
I
r-- -· I I I I
• '
'
I I I
• •
•
I I
1.69
I

Triangular portion 2 X 1.3 X 1.3 ' I

I I
• I
I I
•

-
- -------.J - - -
I
belo,v earth slope • LJ L___ I
:r •
•••
Total deduction 5.59
.

..
•
•
•• t
•
Net total 29.77 mt B
• HALF StCTIONAL PLAN
•
• •
•
• All dimcmio1is in ccntiit1etrc scale 1 :,5
--- --- --- - · -
----
trnmmmL---- ----·
- ear span and 4 m
Solution:
es ti m at e fo r a sl ab cu lv er t of 1. 5 m cl Details of measurement and ca
Prepare a quantity
•
Sh ra w an , 20 70 A sh ad h , P. U. 20 1� lculationo f quanti• ties
n in th e fi gu re . [2 06 9
road way as show •

a l sp ec if ic at io n s a re a s fo ll o w s:
The gener
n shal l be of ce m en t co n cr et e 1 : 2 : 4 e- Description of item No.
L B H Qty. Explanatory
Founda'tio •
C.I
""" {cm)1 (cm) (cm) (ml
) notes
of 1 11 class in cement mortar 1 : 4
Brickv.'ork sh al l be •
3
1. Earth,vork in exca\•ation for
of br ick m as on ry sl1 al l be ce m en t po in te d 1 : canied
Exposed surf aces
•
i) Abutn,cnt ,valls -') 530 80
up to 15 cm below G.L. 75 6.36
ii) Wing ,,·alls
The exposed su rfa ces of R.C .C . sh all be giv en a sm oo th fin ish dwin g -I 1�0
•
80 73 3.36 •

centering, and no plastering shall be allowed. Total 9.nm1

•

ent 2. Cement concr

be 8 cm de ep an d 12 mm thi ck wi th cem ete in foundation (1 : 2: 4) for
The string courses shall
'

mortar 1 : 3 finished ,vith neat cement.

i) Abutn,cnt ,vall .,- 530 so 30 2.5-l
ii) Wing ,valls
. Weight of 16 mm
and 10 mm dia. bars is 1.58 kg and 0.62 kg resp e ctively � 1�0 80 30 1.3-1
per rm Total J.88 ml

I • •
 •
•
•

n9 a n d cost ,ns
of E5 t1rna ti
c M a nuel I
1 !e t 233
�,
Ic 01 1P fo r
2 3 2 r1 ar (1 • 4) 0 top 4
-
,n ce rn c n 111 10 5 7 7.85 157 = 45+90+-22 10 111111 513
·c)( \\fO Jk l
500 50 1 513 = SOO-s
. J3 �� bn
3. fir-' 1 c · nt ,,,oils 2
5 0 157 -l.40 covers + 2 x 9 x
-t 140
•
A l1t 1t rnr T.L 7182
.
1) nn 10mm
\ r·n
I g ,\fa tis 30 l.5 9 ' @ 0· 6-') k -=
g 4
U) \ 2 5 3 0 so 5 kg
"Jr;1 pcts 50 dJl
.. ') w' To�l 238
LU 40 1.70 i.----
kg
L,ycr 5 30 40
lS 40 n 2 ESTIMATE OF A WELL FOUNDA
iv) f.1r.1pc e , TION
,..,,,er
fo r t,cann
. g •

22 0.66 (-,·c ) pie &.8.1 •

[)cdu1._,; u o n 2 500 30 •
•
of Jt c .C sla b in . ate the q ua nti ties of a el
1:Jfi111 5 W l foundatio
abutments Total 14.88 m' f meter i nternal di a n of a bridg .
rk
dfCUl d rtar. T
at o meter with 90 e The well is to b
cm thiclc w e
d surf ace s o f b ri ck wo mo he Well is to be all in 1:6 cem ent
. ng (l . 3) to expos -�: fo un
4,. Ce m en t poi nlt w hich is dry d rin g the d ed on stnta 20
meter below be
of � hot Weather. d
G.L 189 is up to e d with 1.50 m thick Cetnent Bo ttom o f the well is to be '
es of - 105 · 10.5 p � wi h t.00 m
lu . con crete 1: 3: 6
i) 'lro,cr fac 2 500 string course-::: t thick cement co and the top is ·10
abutments 120+22+32+15 ncrete 1 : 3 : 6 be
d filled. a nd the central p
,e
to �
� � san ortion is
it1 Pace ,\•alls (as a 2 530 - 189 20.0 Solution= (2075 0.1itra]
,,•hole) J-{ere,
- 11.9 Breadth of well curb at top= 90
ili1 [nncr side and top 2 530 112 on
of parapets Depth of ,veil curb= 1.00 m
par apet - 2X 50 - 30 0.6
•
Height of brick maso
niy from top ?f curb
s of
iv ) End
do- 2 x 2 40
•
- 40 0.6 Heig ht of sand filling = 20 - (15 + to bed level e 20-1 e 19 m
1.0) = 17.50 m
•
Deductions (or . Details o1 f measurement and calcul
i) Rect�gular 2 150 105 - 3.2 (-vc)
•
ation of quantities
opcrung •
g Particulars of items of
-
. Tn. angular partion o Length Bte.1dth Height
.)
11 1 - E works Quantity Explanatory
3.9 (-v e)
of face ,valls hidden 4 x2 140 x140
.... N . (m) (m) (m) notes •
'by earth •

Total 36.5 m2 l Brick masonry in l : 6 1 7t X 5.90 o.w 19.00 31

• cement n,ortar 7 . 05m l �teandia
=
5. 8 en,x 12 en, string - -10.6 rm 5.9mmean
2 530 • •

course circumfereoce
= JtX (5 + 0.9)
6_ R.C.C: Slab exclu�ing
n,ent but 1 210 . 231 m3 210=150+2x130
• ,. n x5.9
·ruorce 22 2. Cement concrete 1 : 3 :
rel 500 • For curb
including shuttenng . 6 bottom plugging curb 1 1t X 5.92
-l X 1.00 "lJ.35 portion mean
25 n1m cover portion
, dia. = 5.9m
andhook@9D Bottom plugging above _
rt X :,·
..
• considered. 10 curb 1 X 0.50 9.82
•
-I
en, extra for _ .. •
•
•
•
each crank. Top pl ugging 1
7t X _,-
X 1.00 19.64
-l
i) 16 mm O straight 234. 58.15 m,
25 Total 56.81 ml
bars •
3. Sand filling 1t X ::>-1
ii) 16 mm O bent up 1 X 17.50 343. 75 ml
25 '>54 63.5 rm 4
bars t R.C.c. ,veil curb
iii) 10 n,n, 0 bottom
10 513 including rcinforcemcnt 1 - - - ljiob
distribution bars steel, tic rods, bars, etc.
•
•
/
 r
nd C os :...t n
_, =-9__ _____ __
o r E�s�ti� n�g�a
ma�t�, � :::...::. � ___
.• � a
l � �
n,plctc M,.��nt•
'"-'

IC Est,ma e
2 34 Top plugginr, � Chapter 6 I 235
' iii) ,2
1 !t X 4 5-
s. s·. an kin� of ,�ell • T(1tal of 4 ..
0.75
1.50 1.50 m, sinkingJ 11.928
-3. 5and filling
• I'"

1 •
• 0
pcration ls
o-1.50 m • Total J0.9}Q O,l
i) 19 m _!t X 4.52•
- 3.00 3.00 rm - •

1 - -- 13.25
t .50 - :l. 00 n, • -· 3.00 3.00 rn1 1tC C. ,vcll curb
ii) 4.
-
•
1
-
•
3.00 - 6.00 n1 ir£)utiing
3.00 3.00 rm 1
iii)
i,·) 6.00-9.00m
1
- - 3.00 3.00 1111
reinforccmcnt steel,
tic rods, bars, etc..
- .. -
\')
9.00 - 1200 Pl
1
1 - - 3.00 3.00 ltn
lJob

vi) 12.00 - 15.00 m - - 3.00 200 IU\

ESTIMAn OF PIER
,rii) 15.00 - 18.00 m
1
1
•
- - 1.00 1.00 rn, &.9
,mi) 18.00- 19.00 m •

11amPII 6.9.1
•
..... •

111mple &.1.2 •
Estimate the quantities of diff
ti ty o f w ell fo u n d atio n o f a b rid g e . Th e w II
1. 8 t
W o rk o u t th e q u an e o be metre roadwa ed culvert up
d ia m e ter w it h 8 00 m m w all in 1 :
y •fro;
�arc�
circ u la r o f 4.5 m et e r inte rn� ! 6 cernent sectional drawings.
el l 1s lo b e fo u nd ed on st r a ta 15 rn h l . given plan and
d sa nd m or tar. T he w e ow bed of PIEROFAN
� er . B o tt o m ARCHED CutVERT (2066 Bhadra)
w hich is dry dur ing th e h o t w ea th of th e
w: n 10 be
--e====:::d
river
lugg ed w ith 1.0 m et er th ic k ce m en t co nc re te 1 : 4 : 8 an d to p I e sealed rt 7.5 em.!_ ...
p t an p ? _ &a -
cm..,_ -r-::�
� Cf1l
ck me nt co nc re e 1 : 4 : 8 .d ce nt ra l
with 0.75 meter thi ce •
• 0 ion 1s lo be •
�
2San •- --�
�:---j
-
sand filled. �
\

· [Z071 Chailta] 15�� ··,.� � �

. •
Soluti�n: f
',
I
•
Here, • I

B�adth of the curb at top = 800 mm = 80 cm

• •

•
lg() C'?I
•
D1epth of the well curb = 0.75 m
• Height of brick masonry from top of curb to bed leve1 = 15 - 0.75 •
••

= 14· 25 •••• •
•
Height �f sand filling= 15- (0.75 + 1) = 13_25 m • ..,'
•
• ..•
Details of measurement and calculation of quantities \
•
0
• .. •

c:; P.articulars of items Length Breadth Height

- No. Quantity Explanatory notes
CJ of works {m) (m) (m) •
·-
• •
•

Brick n,asoruy in 1
0 Mean dia. = 5.30 m 90cm
••
1. 1
• 189.815 n,ean circumfo• �socm 8.30m
6 cement n1ortar
11")
X
0.8 14.25 rv .

n\3
•
•
� = 7t X (4.5-1-0.8) 180cm
•
•
For curb portion
•
• 7.50m
2. Cement concrete 1: 4: 8 • •
A
•
t

• •
• n,ean dia = 5.3 n, •

• i) Bottom •
•
7t X 5.32 •

' plugging curb 1

4
- 0.5 11.0301 '
I
I
•

E
I I •.
. . ' .
I• '• -· •
portion I • •
I •

I
�-__.,.•; ii I I

l
• ii) Bottom
7t X 4.52
• segs
plugging.above 1
4
- 0.5 7.952
• ��g�
curb
• •
•
• •
•
•
 • •

. and costing · --- -------

Jal of Estimating .,,
-- --�Det�a�le�d
, �Es�t1�
plete Ma nt mate � Chapter 6
236 I Com f 237
•
t. 7
•
•
A boV C tooting
Solution.
• •
tion of pte r t/)
•
Estima up to springing 1 Dia at middle
Jevcl 3.6
L B H
Qty. Remarks •
2.05 ---"tion-_ 15 + 0.9 =
�
g Description o f No. 2
(tn) (m) 1.2m.
(tn) vi) Cut water end
�
E
�
,vork
.in excavation in foundat1on
. See sectional plan • • - •

t. Earthi\l'ork L = 1.10+8.30 + 1.00

lJ')

0 220 1.35 30.88

· 1 1 0.4 (
a) 1,. footing 1 Height of triangle
i) Pier ' H = 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3 X
1.35 1.19 03 0.42 1 '
1 0.55 1.6 c.. h -= x 1.80 x tan
2
ii) Cut. water end + 0,45
•
,..... I N
•
•
•
Total 32.07 m 3 (i()-
•

• ent con crete 1n

• fou ndation
2. Cem b) 2-"' footing 1 X 1
. · 1 1 0.40 2.20 0.45 10.30
. 0.30 0.37 h = 2 X 1.70
ij Pier ' X tan
1 O.SS 1.60 0.45 . 0.40 •

ii) Cut water end """IN fH

Total 10.7 m1
ork in
• 1 .
• 5 c e m e n t mortar
J. 1 .. elass brick w
I

d) 3rd footing 1 1
i) Pier
•
0.3 0.33 h= 2 X 1.60 X tan
L = 8.3 is comn,on •

1 8.30 1.80 0.30 4.48 fq

a) ·1 footing
91 for all footing. .,.IN

(Rectangular d) Above
1 8.30 1.7 O.?.O 4.23 foo��up to Breadth at the
. b) 2'1d footing portion) •
. . . spnngm 1 X
3.60 • 0·�5 + 0;1
•
1.6 0.30 3.98
'
g 224 midclle
c) 3 rd footing 1 8.30 •
lcvcl •

ii) Above footing

•
Average width ..,.IN •102m
1.5 +0.9
up1 to springing 1 8.30 3.60 35.86 •
Tobi 5i.30mJ
2
level •
s. Cement pointing 1 : 2 in exposed swface
iii) Above •
•
' . Upper bdt := 50 cm Q Pier . 2 8.30 -
•
59.76 Two faces3.60
.springing 0.9 + 0.5
1 8.30 0.4 252 12 IL,dim at middle •
trapezium. 2 • ill Ease water end 1 ltX - 3.60 6.78 1.2
po,rtion 2 •

2
•
iv) Ease water end Ht.= 40cm • Two sides of
• iii) Cu • t-water end 1 (1.2 x 1.2) - 3.60 5.13 triangle at middle
•
section ml
•

·• ·• - ·
a} 111 footing 1 0.3 0.38 • Tobi 71.72 m?
• •
6. u•nent Conaete 1 : 2 : 4 at the uppu mds o pier •
•
f
Q • Quarter of
•

ij l:,ase water end 1 1 -4 '0.9 l

1· I .... x-x,rx - =0.09-l 1 4
2 sphere - 4 (ya-1>
N
•
4 3
•
Area of senu circle
• •
' '
b) 2nd footing 1 0.3 0.34 Q ., Volume of
• x height
• • triangular pyramid
•
sAreaofbasex
•
ii) Cut water end ' 1 1 0Jb"'2
(0.09 X 0.18)
• • 2 ½xheighl
• c) 3 rd footing 1 0.3 0.30 •
•
· 0.9
X

�
• HL• 2 •
t I
t-4 IN
.. Total 0.146 in'
•
•
•
 n Costing apter6l 239
mat1
• ng a
· d
nua I of Est1 on:
I cornolete Mo
satuti •
238
I •

t nidion
•

o f a p i er fr o m the figure. Th
c
1 v�scription of item No. l
(m)
B
(m) II (m) Q ty. Explanatory notes
co ns
._... • 1 • ' .-

ate f o r . s .. . as on,,, _.,;., lh\\'Ork in excavition for fo d .

l ed es t·in men t w i h st o ne ch ip (1 3 • 6) "" M f.M un at1on h
ep are de ta1. 1
f ce t -... , 1. en ches depth up
Pr . all b e o ) m b c l o,v G . L
co n a et e sh
. ck wor in cek m e n t m o rta r ( 1 : 6 . A ll ex o s
p ed to t.5
foundation s s bn 1 : 2). ... o ff sc t fo r
be irs
f. t cla w iht ce m en t m o r ta r ( pier wi th
w o rk shall . 11 b e p o i nted se­
e p ie r s ha cut-\vater e n d ca •

t to p f th
{aces excep
0
water end (fom1ing 2
¼
'
,
1 9.91 160
• EC
• + 2 x = 3 trit1ngl1es of 1.60 25.37 9.91 = 9.80
<.�\->: •.a. + 0.11
-"'

c.,, .... \;$_

.
f Y.�
adots
oz:t f
1.._•.. �ftt
:.,�,--\..,4.
0 �
•
an octagon central

1· ,J l 1n g le = 45 )
- f trk
°
""' l-,.,� ��.•. -oz:
C
ang} f o •

-
0 .. ,l' '

1
0� •..;

• .• •
• ,.... 0
,..... re •
I

��.
t ,... ,�..
.......
•• •

One side of the

�

1 - ,... ... .
�

1
�

2 X 0.66
�

......
...
3
' ••• • �

oz=l rs 0.80 octagon = 2 (0.80

�
:,. f'... ,,�
".
1.60 1.27
s,,;
• 0 ,;,,J... . •

45°
•

OOf 0 ot.i.-09� ·� -LJ

X tan == ) = 0.66
2
' ·,.'1'
..,•J�'� •
Cut-,vatcr end
•
r \·,
. . <'"'.:,,., 1
•
•
' . ''""'�
""
"'•·•,•-ti 1,

....'. '' "f

.,I , ; •-.,:
1t I
,,
� ,.

.
.

u
..-
:::,
(for111ing equilateral
triangle with °
60 )
-
1 ? X 1.6() 1..39 1.60 1.76 Altitude = 0.80 ml
\; •, ... ·•t.:t
., .,. •\! •' �

.,· ,._..
• �•'•·•�·
\ 1·t.
.. Total 28.42
.........:,"...,.,,-.\,.•:-
..\
�

,.,. . ,... ..
··)
1. Cement co ncrete (1: 3: 6) in foundation
,"'
•
, �. ,. z
.. .. 0.::
•;

Pier with offset for

1 9. 91
\, �
•.,,
1.60
•-.\
0.60
•
9.51
U"
cut-,vater
.. . �.'... ,·:\ <
'.' 9 .... '
'\ ..•"•
, .).t' •'

•
•
,.,,,.,t'..
J\.
> • ••
... 1
,r . •\
· Ease-,vater end
I

3 ?x 0.66 0.801
� .-jt"' .. �

;-:·;.
...l 0.60 0.-17
, . . e.•·
••
A

• ,;-
IL',C•
� •,�
, • \·,•·rt.._ I • •
•',A . .......
• '-'"' ' 'ii
<
�

Cut-,vater end
t
z 1 :,xl.60 1.39
,. � • !l ').
·�· '·- t.,
,..;,t"·;
• \": ·t,· t 0.60 0.67
.
,
0
.. .....
('---.... , .. •
•

�--�•
i-.
....··,\• \
·�• ... t3
�

10.65
•
• ,,··. '-!._,
,,. .,.
'-• >,,..,.' • Total
• ,:., ... it�·
.... . ..... ...
. .. t
� '
... One side of the
V) ,.,, I
;J'\ ., •
:,.;_,• 3. First class brickwork (1 : 6)
octagon
•
• • I

• •

.. ,., 45°
0
co
Pier with off set for
=
0-
= 2(0.65 X tan 2 )
•

•
• 1 9.87 1.30 0.40 5.13
•
cut-,vater
0£1 • = 0.54
•
1
•
OZ\
F.ase water end 3· ,x 0.5-1 0.65 0.40 0.21
• Ott -
*
•
•
•
• 08 •
Cut-,vatcr end
••" 1.30 1 Altitude• 0.80-
{Altitude= 1.13 0.40 0.29
. I

1 -x 1.30
'

•
2 2 0.15 -= 0.65
. X tan 60° = 1.13)
J 2ad footing
d,.._-091--,
• One side of the
.. • octagon = 2(0.60 x 1
Pier ,vi tl, offset for 0.40 4.73
9.85 1.20 450
I
1
•
• CUt-,,,ater tan ) = 0.50
• 2
•
• •
 •
Detailed Est11nate
tin9 -<;. Chapter 6 241
nd cos I
r I com p lete fv\anual o f Est1ma t1
. n9 a •
� .
1 111at e the
in
q uantity of

R.C. C.
the folloW
i n g ite m. of work fro
0.18
Altitude = 0.65 _
lJ1 P y g T-b ea m d k.
'"c i.ng bea m the
1 0.50 o.oo 0.40 ,,, o a n n
m f
2 )( 0.05 = 0.60
Jl'let er. The bearin g of th . or a b n·dge of one span of
d 3 �n e beams on
f.aSC warcr cn 6.:,v I • fo rc . eit h er side of
'
5 te e re i n e m en t an b eam m 3 butment = .,
� o cnL
•
fbt b ay be .i ssum
e
•
ur-,, �ter C!l ost, fille t , kerb a d as 2.SOo/o percent
c i> 0.40 e s la , p s 1.SO ¾ of and in
I

1.04
0.25
tJi th e v ol of P.C.c.
1 -x tan 1
(Altit\Jdc • 2 ½ )( t.20 r.c.c. M20 (1 : 12: 1
3) for R.c.c. Wo ks
6(f - J.04) '
•
i) r
Steel reinforcement
ii)
I
•
gs
Wall abov t footin 0
..... so lu ti o n : (2 068 Chaitra]
.....
3.00 28.M 1.10=0.80+2x0.15
Pier wall s ·
tratght 1 9.84 +N
0
•

partion S Description of item No. L

e B •1 Qty.
• Explanatoiy notes
0
.....
•
. 1
1
1-x-
1t r-fN 3.00 1.06 .
P C. M20 (1 : 12: 3) for R.C.C. works excluding ee
2 4
C
st l and
+

1. s bending inc) ud n
it i g centering and shutteri
and bi ding of n g
· (fo rm
1.65 = (0.80 + 1.10) work) n bars
1 (0.80 + 1.10) tan� slopped .
x 2 235 length of the beams
1 2 3.00 •
•
Cut ,,·ater end height 2803 taken i) T- beam ribs
xl.65 as280 (web) 3 7.5 0.38 0.76 6.50 ml = Ocar span + 2
Tolal 42-24 m' bearing = 65 + SO en,
+50cm = 7.5an
•
•

. ting to masonry wo rk (1 : 2) 1
� pom
· SJ'des 2 - 280 55.16 ii)· Fillet 3 x2 75 2(0.lSx
Pier 9.� 051 ml Triangular sha pe
. (0.80 + 1.10) -• 280 4.18 0.15)
fase water end 1 2
7 on each side i.t.,,
(0.80 + 1.10) ili) Railing post 2 X 7 0.15 0.15 1.00 0315 ml
•

Cut-,vatcr end
- I
280 5.32 750
2 136 + l
2
Total 64..66 m1 iv) Kerbs . 2 75 0.38 0.ZJ 1.311 ml 0.38 = 0.23 + 0.15
• • • v) Slab 1 7.50 7.54 OZ\ 13.01 m1
Total 21.65 ml
' &.11 ESIIIIITE FOB ,_.WI DECIIIIC
•
•
2. R.C�C. 1 : 2 : 4 in
•
1 7.5 6.78 0.10 5.09 m'
wearing coat
3. Sleet reinforcen1ent bars including binding ' ..
1.---------- 7..54.m •
I

Beam@25% :L5,
3 7.50 0.33 0.99 1661.15kg 100x7850

Slab@15% 13.01 x :� x 7850 1531.92kg

•
Post@15% 1.5
0-115 X 100 X 7850 37.09kg
•
Fillet@15% 1.5 li0.05kg
051 � 100 ,cvv
.,..=n
X

.
1.5
1.311 x 100x7850 15-1�7kg
•
Kerb@15,;.
•
Total 3444.58kg
•

, •
 ting 243
9 and cos
Est1rnat1 n ...... 106
I of
ctc Manua 51ab@l %
lr,...,ip'
•

242
X 100 78.S= 8 3-1 q
- - g
. c lu di n bea m for a bri d e 0.32
, de c k � g in g Railu,g posts @ 1% 1
, T- b e .i m n
ss u m e 45 cm b e aring on
f . CC re A -l X 78.S = 026q
U..__. ... thc cost o R sec-tion is giv fi en gu , s 2.5 percent beam
1
Estirn at e e t �e c
. e m en t a re in
.
0()
no f 6 n 1 e el r c·n
1 f o r 78 . 5 qu1nt al per
of o n e s p a e 11'1 ·td st o f nt t
•i d st e e l is
m e n t. T l1 1
s (.. D e n si ty Total 22.10 q
e1t. he r .i b u t a b an d p o -
.
i n s l .
•

c t c en t le r a te s
d one p e suitab awa n, 2073 Cha itra, 2 075 Chaitta} Abstract of est
. b a t a , 2 073 Shr imate d
:: m (7 85 i,l<nt'l· ���� :
C ir ' cost
= 77m -
"I __
I
Particulars of items of work Quantity
, C. to C.
h 136
, cm
It
• Ra,ling posts 1
20 cm hlg •
•O ,n,n Ola G.I Pipe .C
No, E:CJ Unit Rate Amount
1s•1scm ACC
.,._,20cm (Rs. P) Per

;:r :::c:rn:_
20 -:-- --· 1 m �•Y 20cm �
I
�

R.c:�. work 1 : 2 : 4 excluding

(Rs. P)
-, ��- of e.C . j ·1' 20crn 1. •
20 x2f) an t<:trt,
steel and its bending but
We
-:_-tt-
�· 10 cm •

20 cm
including centering and 17.186 ml 675.00 pe:rmJ
s 12025.80
• 1
11 5 x 1 cm Fillet 35cm I
shutteri ng and binding of bars
•

t07 5 cm( 75 cm
•
.;· • 2() en, Slab

-
� :·, JS crn 225 cm __., I ..,
22scm
: �·-·--- -- j_ ? C.C. 1 : 2: 4 in ,vearing coat
te101 scm ,,
4.83 ml 450.00 permJ
-- ' 2173.50
SECTION AcinfO<Ceme nt-S.am 2 111'4 Slab ind Postt 1% 3. 40 n\Il\ Dia. G.I. Pipe in railing :>:>,_0 ,!.:J- •00
rm
•
: pcrnn 1380.00
•
4 Steel rcinforcemcnt bars
Solution:
•

u la ti o n o f q u a n ti ti e s including b�nd i ng 2210 quintal 515.00 perqUL• 11381.50 ..

· d ca lc
D eta1·ts of measurement
an
Explanatory Total 26960.80
II
•
Qty.
-
6 Description of item N o. L B notes, • Add, 5% for contingencies
and \\'Ork charged establishn,en
t 1348.04
u di n g st ee l an d i�, � n di n g bu t Length of
1. C ,vork 1 : 2: 4 excl m g o f ? ars
•
bcan1s = Clear
•
Grand tota l 28308.84
g an d sh u ttcri11g itn d bm d
���ding centerin •
•

span+ 2 NOTE
• bearings = 6.00
For fillets and kerbs no rejnforcement has been ta
• •
+2x4.5 = 6.9 m ken into account.
•
45 cm bearings
T-beam ribs 3 6.90 0.35 0.75 5.434
&.11 ESTIMAn FOR SEPTIC TANK AND SOAK PIT
triangular
1 0.466
Fillets 3 6.90 2 (15 X 0.15) •

Deck slab ••• \.

6.90 • 7.70 0.20 10.626
Example &.11.2
Prepare a detailed estimate of Septic tank ivith Soak-p
1.20 0.324
•
Railing posts 12. 15 0.15 · it for 25 users from
6x2 6.90 0.35 0.20 0.966 the given drawing9, figure (a).
Kerbs •
Total 17.816 ml Septic tank shall be of first clJss brick ,vork in 1:4 cement
•
mortar th.e
, R.C.C. 1 : 2: 4 in •
1 6.90 7.00 0.10 4.83
10 en\ av·eragc foundation and floor shall be of 1 : 3 : 6 cement concrete. Inside
of septic
,vearing coat thickness lank shall be finished ,vith 12 mm cement plaste.r and floor shal
'
• l be
3. -10mn, dia. G.l. pipe - finished with 20 mm cement plaster with 1 : 3 mortar mixed with stand
in railing 2x4 6.90 55.20 ml ard
water proofing compound. Upper and lo\ver portion of soak-pit shall be of
4. Steel reinforcement bars including binding
• second class brick work in 1: 6 cement mortar and middle portion shall be
1 ' X Full depth of dry brickwork. Roof coverin slabs and baffle ,vall shall be of precast
Bcan,@2,%
•
2.5 78.5 = g
3
•
6.90 0.35 X 10.95 including slab
100 13.50 q ltC.C. The length of the connecting pipe from latrine seat may be taken as
tltickncss
•
X

•
3 metres. [2063 Baishakh, 2070 Shra,van, 2071 Shrawan, 2072 Kartik)
•
•
•
 - ---
-----
..- --- --------�De�ta,�le
g and costins d�Es�lto flld e""' Cha
t Est1ma t111
. ,,,.. cement concrete 1: 3; 6 pter 6 I
i\\anu alo 245
I co mplete m �,2..- floor & fou11dation 1 2.80 1 .70
0.20
0.95
51oping floor 1 2.10
0.90 Av. thickness
0.05 0.09
�
- 10 t0
== 5cm
2
fi rst class brick ,vork in 1:4 Ce Total. 1.04 m 1
3.
�

ment m .
ortar in sep
.....-
u,ngwalls tic tanJc
• •
1 st step .2 2.6() •
0.30
2nd step 2 2.40
0.6() 0.94
0.20
Short walls 1.15
• 1.10
•

.. 1st step 2 0.9() 0.30 0.60

2nd step 2 0.9() 0.32 •
r 0.20 1 .15 0.42
C •
_. class bnck work • Total 2.78 mJ
4. 2. 1n 1 : 6 cemen
• t mortar in
- .
'

upper portion soak p1t

--
:I .,
• ·-- •
1 n x 1.20
x 0.20 0.50
0.3&
E 3�
..
Lower portion 1 n X 1.20
E ...e ���������
C\J
� �
a.u,
Q.
,_ ..
�

' 0-1
-·
0
� •:·. ,·
··-·
. :; -�·-·
. • ' CL ,,.
-
•.�;: •
,••
•
,,••
.;
xo.20 0.20
0.15 L== Mea n
CUC'l.ln'\Stance
-ii oo· s Tota.I 0.53 ffil
•
·,•:,t•
C1 C .. 1 •
1'.. _,
2.. class dry brick
0 I 11 -
c
II
=
�o \ ..
: ..••...�
..·......
work in soak pit 1 1t X 1.20 x
,1 1 I &. I -8- '!.:,,·
... '4t o.20 2.50 1.88 l
g ci m
._J_� "' •i�.• :�.•
•

>. ..,E 1• 1 • 6. Precast R.C. work finished

-: "' II smooth includ
0 O -----: •.
��- reinforcement complete lain in ing steel
-·
:,··•.•.�·
(") �

0� •' I
� position
_.,,.. ._g-1 d
In •
. ••
:--.·....:,•. o· Roof cover $lab of

1..
�

C:;:;� o· �• ·.· ti •
••
�
septic tank 1 240 1.30 0.075 0.
• •• •
23-1 7.5 cm thickness

."ll[""'t""+����·
,.. , a, ••
a::� ·.::. ;.; Roof cover slab of
G
,,
... :•·
:;: �
",: I:)
.... 7t X 1.402
�
soak-pit 1
.••'.• 4 X 0.075 0.115
-......,..
�;.:..•- ..
.....,-� •• •
,, Baffle wall in septic
1 1.00
-
,.
•
tank 0.().1 0.45 0.018
l
1 en.&-'�
••
..J•
-0 0 • I •
•
E ·eu Total 0.367ml
0 C, 7. 12 mm cement plaster 1
- 8_ �fri 8
C
C')
compound in septi
: 3 with standard water
c tank •
proofing
•
•
Long wall
• Solution: 2 200 - 1.70 6.80
Details of measu.rement and calculation of quantities Short ,valJ 2 0.90 •- 1.70 3.06 Inner face
-E
c:., Description of work No.
-
L B H Qty.
Explanatory
Notes
•
8. 20 mm cement
.
Total 9.86m?
•
=1-10+30 Plaster 1: 3 with
Earthwork in standard water
L 1 280 1.70 1.95 9.28 +20+8
•
excavation
•
• • =1.95m proofing compound 1 200 0.90 - 1.80 m• �

Septic lank soak-pit nx2002 . in floor o,f septic

1 X 3.00. 9.42 tank
up to 3.00m depth 4 •

9. SO mm siz
Soak- pit lo,ver nx 1.42 Below dry brick e brick aggregate
1 X 0.20 0.30 •
portion 4 • work L = Mean
• Outer site of soak pit 1 "X 1.55 X .15 250 1.84
- Tot al 19m' circumstance
•
•
• •
- •

••
•
 •
•

co sting '•
"nual of Est1 rnat1. ng a nd

---�- -------- --·- -��-

e'"� A""' 247
I complet
J

0.16 --'
�-�------------- --- - 24.,.. 70 rn
.
----- .

0.20
-- ---- ��;-:::::-:
---
----
-a-•f!!I�--------

7t)(1.01�
,,
-
--·----.---- - ..,__ ·----

-
•

--.1
•1
r
-
-

it 1 - 4
I - ••-.. ----. -•
.

p
I
k
' I
" a
..
- -- --- .. _ --- .... ....
.. _.,_ •-

llC' tto rn o f .,
s Total 2.00 m 3 ' I --
..-Iron
- •-... -.,
·-----::----::::-----:-..
,\t I I I
I, , f t itcp'-
o0
··;--- ....::7:;�:
L= Mean 1:: ..2� - �,-t.:.;;;..,J---1-L -3.70m 20 :• '':: 100 mm DIA
2.50 2.18 nt c-1rcu 11,stancc
l
:: ...-- ... - --.i
n d o u te r 7t X 185 X 0.15 , , :! ,' ', ,,--... �:----'.hJ•2n : :• : S W. Pipe
a
10. Coa rsc soak pit l{ \.;
, �: 1 M.N. Cov- / 1 1
t I ,I 90 m
side of s
, , 1 ,,'
4 nos. - •1, .., f 11,•

'
! :!
' '
90 c
I, ' I

tep s o f 16 4 - • - - I 111
,
... ... __ ...;, ,,__JO)( 30 \ ,I

fo
11. Jron b;ir ots :• :• •: '.. ,., __,/ , '' -
ent .--so • 10 _Opening

----------J_J
d ia nin g wit h 1 : 3 Cem � I�
irnm . e 1ay in
• g and joi I I l L--�:_==j I I , re.arc d
,..

a. S .\'\'. pip I I I I I

12. 100 mm di plete

,t I I,' '' ' 1
1 I
c ffiuent
•
m
.
co
, ' 1 I I I
ar 1
111 ort
- - tI I
•
3.00 I
1 1 1----------
-- - -- • 20
I I I
I I
• •
Inlet end fron, 1 3.00 • ·--�------------- ------•--- �---
.. ----..-&.."'t----
--- --..----
-- --.. ·---•••- ---••-••
I eI
I -- I I I

Dt n or�• --•--- - -
-
__ _..,----------••- - -•- -••-•
to sep tic tank ---• -•-•
-:------ -:!. I
-•-• It 1

- --
---
ne - ---
-
tri
--- •--• .____
la I ..
�.,Uc- b--t.
I 11

o ut er e nd fro m
. - - 3.30 .. (All d11ncns·1on
.... ,n
• an
except�.
. oe.. ---·--- -- _,

to So ak 1 3 30 · ·,1e mentioned)
Septic tank partition wall and R.C . C . lab co
l � ve r. Inside of th e
pit Total 6.30 rm all
sh . be 12 mm P.C. ( pi a1n cement) tank inc
. l � din g floor
•

n m at er ia ls. . P las ter 1 : 2 mo

100 mm dia - - 1 no . proo f� .� rtar tnuced water
13. 5.\\1, Tee
en,
1 Solution. [2072 Chaitra]
I

,vith one leg of 40

\\'. ben d 100 m n, - - - 1 no. •
14. S. 1
.....Cl
• C:
•
dia , Description of \\"Ork No.
L B
15. 50 mn, dia C.I. - - 200rm II
-r----
200
--l Q Remarks
•
1
.u_:.:::.:::::.::�:.!..::- t--=-
Ven tilating pipe --=-- -t---t---r--r- I
1. Earth,vork in
•

50 nm, dia C.l. co,vl excavation in H� 67.S + 50 + -IO

16.
1 - - · 1 no. 1 4.70 1.90
at top of ,,cntilating 1.725 15.41 ml
•
founLlation
•
+ 15
pipe •
= 1n..5 cm
• 2 Cement concrete in: •

•
•
i) Foundation
Example &.11.2 1 4.70
•
• •
1.90 0.15 1.3-t n,J
a se p ti c ·tan k fo r 50 (f if ty ) u se rs as p er fi g u re 7. 5 . ii) Long chamber 1 180
Prepare an estimate of 0.90 0.06 0.151
51 cla�s bric�ork in 1: 4 P.C. (plain ceme nt) L = 3.70- SO -10
The septic tank is to be of 1 as e w ith R
con cret e in 1:3:6 in fo und at ion an d b , .B. 2.5 + 9.5
mortar over cement H=
•
2
50 n1m dit, vent pil)e =6cm
4S cm di1.• mlfllholc cower J min length • (av. thickness)
1.S ari R.C.C.
iii) Small d1amber 1 2.5 + -1.S
0.80 0.90 0.035 0.025 =
1001nm dia. S.W.T� H
• 2·
G.L. •
•

X:-:;-;-;;:� � a111:+r:� � :-:--.-:-r-rrT _ _

• .,_.:-r:-"
"""
. ����-�-::-:;�·�-::--:i"
ii!G�L '>.• ., ..... ,,.. • ' • ..,,... ' Total 1.52 m1 •
3, R.C.C. ,vork
,
I I
��.-10 ctn R.B, sbtnding \Nall B=0.90+0.10+
•
•
i) Slab
12 m 1 3.90 1.10 0.075 0.322 0.10 1.e.i 10 cm
bearing on each
Si<ie
it"1'1 Deduct for
n,anholes 45 cm 2 0.452
2 7X --1 X0.075 0.024
dia. •
1 : 3 : 6 c.c.
•
Net total 0.298 m l
• •

•
• •
 ••
•
•
••
-'••
.
-� .
.
� .
,,, �

- - - -----­ Detailed Esti ma e

�·
t1 :.
ns nd
a� � C�os�t�in9�- e(i. Chapte
r6 I 249
of est11 n a �
I c o rn p le tt fJ-.a nL Ja I
: 4 EMlfflPII 6.11.3
24 8 •in cCJ'ltcnt ••·- or ta r 1
n 'c k,vo rk
,... l "' C1 J..4';S '-
V
,.,_
srick,\"Of . 1.44
4. i) to
n g w all s 4 .50 0.4 0 0 40
I 0.5 0 1.29
1 ..r step 4. 30 o.30 •
� 0. 67 5 1.11
•
'.2'-1 step 4 _10 o.2 0 •

te p 2
3r-1 s
w all s 0.40 0.29
ii) Short 2 0.90 0.4 0
Jll step 0.30 0.50 0 .27
• 2 0.90
s tep 0.6 75 0.24
2"'1 0.90 0.20
3rd step Tota l 4.64 0 m3

0.075 0.07 4.80 = 3.90 + 0.9()

uct {or ite m n o. 4 2. 4.80 0.10 •
[)ed
beari ng of slab total 4..57 m'
for Net
- ,...
•
•
No deduction for �

• -
•••
• BricJc,vork in 1.35 0.122
- •
0.90 0.10 opening 11"1

on ,vall with 1 1 aJ
... p
:,. artiti .J
: 3 cCIIlcnt •
.... • �
en
6 Finishing \\�ork g insid e �vith rement mortar. ·-C II)

k cement plasterin •
oa ---i
j

) 12 n1m thic
-_ -__- -_ ,..
. i fing matcruils
cr proo
1 : 2 mixed \\•ith ,vat - 1.475 10.62 L = 3.70- 0.1 - - - �1
,valls 2 3.70 I •
Long H = 1.50- 25
11 'I I
II I
I •I •
•
•
= 147.5 ,cm • • • I
I
• II I

st,ort walls in long 1 0.90 - 1.405 1..26 H = 1.50 - 0.095

• II
I
tI t
• I 8. II I
chan,ber
·
Short ,valls, i11 sn,all - 1.455 1.31 H = 1.50- O.Ot5 ��, ·:
i,� �!� ,
'.......
.. •-•
• 1 0.90 fij • M� •• t'4
chamber • oil �·,;1u l ,i.. -
or:� �I� o.S .5 '. u.
,

-
. Partition ,vall both
:l!:S �!
1
0.90 1.325 2.38 H = 135 - 0.02.5 - .. u
g
"",.,.
=::fr�t-
sides
No deduction for .,_ ooz....,...
•
Partition ,vall top 1 0.90 - 0.10 0.09
operun.g 0'11-+-- ;"
,..• • •
• ... ! I I
-
••
• L = 3.70 - 0.10
- - -
1: . I t.
•
Floor 1 3.60 3 ..24 0.. •
= 3.60 m •

7. �1iscellaneous
i) C.l. n,an hole - - - 2nos.
.. a-
>
•

2
covers 45 cn1 dia. rs
- -
•

ii) Iron foot steps 8 - 8 nos. • •

ill) S.W. Tee 100 • •

•

nun dia at the 2 - •

- - 2 nos. •

inlet and outlet

iv) C.I. CO\\' pipe •
150 mm dia for 1 - . - •
1 no. •
•
vent pipe •
• •
General specifications: •

v) Vent pipe 50
1 - - - 1.. Cement Concrete in foundation 1 : 3 : 6
•
nm, of C.l. •
•
•
 �

Est1 rnat1n9 an costins

f
d
lete \ar,lJ8 I O 251
Icomp f-.

r: · 1o cm thick
t .rn o rta,r fo ....6
rk . n ce m en . 4 briclc,vork in baffie
B ric Jcw o . d ch a 111b e� 1 1
pt ic Jt a n k a n d h oney c om b w ork of 2nd clas ,v all c em en t 1 .60 - 1.60 256 m2
") Se 1. d p ort i on • s in
s o
n
p
a
S oa k -pit to
1: 6 mortar (1 : 3)
�-)
u m e n t m1 o rt ar
br1•c k in c e �ect i on Ch am b er and sep tic tan k 20 ce n,e nt conc re te (1 :
r s• n o f 1 n sp -7.
st er f�
pla pou nd 2: 4) floor av. 5 en\
e
nt com
sid
3. C ein c d wat er pro ofin g 1 5.00
th. ic k 1 . 3 m 1xe p 1.60 8.00 m!
rn m wit h sto ne c h" i s thick -
w ork •s 1 ·
. 2 · 4
4• It .C C 8· R.C.C. i�•ork (1 : 2: 4) includin
g reinforcem ent and
Solution: • �
Q Septic tank sh uttenng
L Explanatry o
Qty. Roof slab
B. H
N o. nto es 1 5.50
•

Descri ptio n of itern (m ) (m) 200 0.30 1.10

•
(m) Scum board 1 0.10 0.50 0.08
•
1.60
in ex cavation for: ii) lffipection
Eartl,,\l'ork
1
270 2.00 33.48 chamber 1 1.00 1.00 0.10
i) Septci
.
tank 1 6.20 0.10 • •

ii} 1�cction 1 1.30 1.30 0.45 0.76 ' c.o. 1.28

chamber
-4
•

18.10
B.F.
(2.40) x4.00 iii) Soak pit
1.28
iii) Soak pit 1 • 2
•

Total 52.34 ml Roof slab 1 10cm bearing

(2.4)2 X 0.10 0.,6
2 Cen ,entc o nc re te in founl lation (1: 3 : 6) considered
Supportin g slab 1 2.20 0.12 0.08 0.02
• •

i) Septic tank 1 6.20 2.70 0.20 3.35 •

foundation floor - Area per opening
Deduction for
ii) Inspection
•

1 1.30 1.30 01.15 3.60 m3 is more than0.1

Manhole CO\'ers 0.10
2
( 0.46 ) 0 .0 7
cl,an,bcr
4
ml each, therefore
I •

Total 3.60 m3 .. (-ve)

these are to be
· d ed
r-r-----:---....__--'----·.L_--L...._-+------J ucted
•

3. First class brick,vork in cementn,ortar (1: 4) •

Total 1.68 ml
•

i) Septic tank Long walls 9. 20 mm thick cement plaster (1 : 2) with.

watcrproofmg
}st footing 40 cm 2 5.90 0.40 0.60 283
i) Septic tank inside •

2nd footing 30 an 2 5.70 0.30 0.60 205

•

Long walls 2 5.00 - 1.80 18.00 •

3� footing20_cn\ ·2 5.70 0.20 0.60 1.32

Short walls
Short ,valls 2 1.60 - 1.80 5.76 No plastering on
• •

l st footing 40 en\ 2 1.60 0.40 0.60 0.77 scum board

5.9 = 6.2- 2• X 0.15 Si(tcs of baffle ,vall 2 - 1.58
2nd footing 30 cm 2. 1.60 0.30 0.60 0.58
1.60 5.06 R.C. is col\5idered
'
Top of baffle ,vall 1 1.60 - 0.10 0.16
3rd footing 20 CID 2 1.60 0.20 0.6.0 0.38 5.7 = 5.9- 2x 0.1 0 •
ii) Inspection
ii) Inspection 4 0.60
•

chamber -
0.80 0.50 0.32
0.50 1.20
4
chan,ber
0.20 •

Total 8.25 m 10. Laying 100 mm dia.

Total 30.18 m?
•
l

4. 2nd class brick work incen1cnt mortar (1: 6)

•
S.\V. pipe en,bedded •

Soak pit solid top 2.20 is the mean in cement concrete (1

•

part 0.20 0.90 1.24m 1 2.30 - - 230

: 4 : 8) with a slope of
1 220
dia.
7t X }
•

5. 20 cm thick honey- 1: 40 fron,-1.

Honey com.b ,,
•
comb brick ,vork in chamber to S. tank
cement mortar (1 : 6)
1 7t X 2.20 - 3.10 21.43 ml portionis: notto
•

S. tank to soak pit 5.60

•

soak pit be deducted 1 5.60 - -

•
• 7.90 rm
•
• ,
•
-
•

• • •
 •
•

•
- ---�--
and cost1nS ,.,,...... --- ----�
De
�ta�tle� d�Es�t�
ma .
ti ns 'l'Tla�
te

a
r n ual of Esft � Chapter 6 f ·
cte Ma 253
I
I Co<nPl r "•
•
I

252 pesaipl1on of· 1·1 em N o. l B H

fi tt in g " "d g each 224 kg (m) Explan.1tory
l
1 J. Supp y, an di"- 56 Jc (m) {m) Qty.
t
4 • •
concrete (1 : 2 : 4)
�

,e nt
. fiXing 40. cover ,\fl.th .� C en notes
Cl �1�H 56 leg •
i) Base slab (outer
tr.uneeach to outer)
1 4.5
I

- - 2nos. 4S 0.30
)( 1 00 111 111 )( - 6 08
12. tOO mm_ S. \�. Ted ee 2 ii) Vertical slabs
. .
J 13.
60 Citl (considering . 5
n d fix 4 +�
C

ed a
supp
n . ck
li
ba}hlst or b uro t 1
-4
1[
(20)
2 )( · 0.60 1.89 ml •
without any
tapering first)
4
. 2 0.30 3.7 18.65
Av. length
4� + 3.9
t3. B ug e
_ er 6 au n ga == 2 (-ve)
clink
B ri ckba ts of qu a rr:>r
1
-4
1[
(2.0) )( 2.80 2 8.80 ml Deduct 4.5 + 4.2 0.15
•
14 Tapering
4
2
sp1alls (av.)
3.7 4.50
200 m,
tt in g
15. Supp }-in l
ing
g,
80
fi
m nt 200 - - •
-
and fix m
2. 20 m thick ce m ent plaster (1 : 3) (o
r:wn,
Tot al 20.23 mJ
dia Cl . ve n tilabO J\ r inside and top
olllly
Ht of inclined
•
pipe
upp lyin g, fitti ng
•
16. S
an.d fixing Cl. 1 - - ' 1 no. 1 3.9 3.9 - 15.2
side may also be
calculated as 3.71
tila tin g co wl � ver
\,en •
• • - m. But has been
80 nun dia. Cl. p1·pc
•
• •\ •
• coMjdered 3�7 m
- - · Sid� 4.2 + 3.9
17 Cl. step iron @ 35 �

X - Snos. 4
2 - 3.7 59.9
. kg; each built in \\ all
('I I
..'.
r
.
' •
Al top 4 4.S + 4.2
2 0.15 - 26
NDERG�OON D R.C.C. WATER TANK
6.12 ESTIMAn OF AN U •
• TotaJ 77.7 m:
•
•

. U r\d e rg ro u n d R e se rv oir .
. R �C,C &.13 ESTIMATE OF AN AQUEDUCT
EllfflDI I
81
: 1
"' - ,,

. fo llo w in g it em s of wo rlc for•

the con
•
stru ctio n of
Fin.d out the quantiti. es of . . aw ing. (s ee f"
igu re E1amole &.13.1
re se ,m att ac he d dr )
R.C.C undergr o n s sh o
&timate of an R.C.C. through
d rv o tr a U\

Cement conicrete (1
.
type aqueduct for a minor canal
u

.11. ) (1 . 3) of in si de an d top
i)
20 mm thick cement p : 2: la4)
st er �only. strum. crossing
' The figure shows lhe details of an
R.C.C. through type aqueduct (150
wide x 110 cm deep) for a mino
.
-r- -I,\.--
r canal of 180 an bed width x 80
., ltVEL
6ROON0 l:�l���-��--'--...:•:----�� 011
en, full
-
• supply depth with side slope (1 � : )
1 aossing a small stream of bed width.
Rule out the measurement sheet and es
C.tMtHT coweRlll (,�:c.c.)
i)
1/1.�

..•. • timate the quantities of all

•
items. The g en eral $peclfications are as
•
•
below:·
• a) Foundation concrete shall be of
1: 4: 8 cement conaete with
.�
•
•
• brick b a llast.
b) First class brickwork in 1 : 4 cement mo
•":•
••

rtar
c) Cement poi nting in 1: 2 cement mortar for the bric
• • ••
.,
�: " •N
'O r.1 TMl,tt CtlltNt PL��tut •_,_
lcw �rk
:.� � · · �- •:;.:_•...� .. -·..
l.))
•
�II
,.. I•L-:1.• �-�·-�� � .:.·• :•�.)
·• ::.:•'--:::Jl:..:··..:...· •;.;.:••;.;..;·... '"";;_-• 27 d) RCC. work for trough including 1'/o steel, centenng
·��
., -.,-
and
�
\1411 U .... ,_ • �•
'"
•

J.--•�- -4 •5
.
_.II
shuttering etc.
PLAN SECTION OH A•A e) Dry brick pitching with ov� burnt brirb
.
Solution:
••
•
- {2067 Ashadh, '1iJ67 �hwin]
•

,
 •

costins Detailed Estu

and na e -<1. Cha
.
t1 ns
I
•
I of Estima pter 6 255
Man .
ua End pillars at
•
•
banks
2 5•'Ln
including \ving JV 0.50 0.55 l.08 5 60 == 2(2.7 + O
C \\'alls 1)
c.) •
:,; Side slopes of
� •
• strcan, for 2 +N 2.28
lj
• I • pitching ..,. 0.22 6.42 7.40 = 2(2.7 + 1)
ti
""..l
I

-- -�
�

.c
...
u
I Ji'.
C
Toe ,�alls for
2 7.40 0.20
• C: • � 8' ca pitching 0.50 1.48 2.28 = fc2) 2 + (1.1)2
C"ll
1.98 :: ✓(1.65)1. + (l
..II!
....0
• �

.....
0 • Side slopes of
•
...cc .l )l
:.:.011__.. ...:E.
C:
I
II "' minorcanalfor N

6--�-;_ - - pitching at U/ s
X 3.00 }.98
• r-
- ,t_
:-, and D/ s sides
r-., 0.10 2.38
t
• BeJ of minor
• canal for 2 3.00 1.80 0.10
•
Sl pitching
•
• Total 15.91 3
m
•
Cement conacte 1 : 4 : 8 with bric
I

. ii) k ballas t in
• foundation
Pillars at bed 2 210 0.50 0.20
I 0.42
•

I . ', End pillars at

• _,.. bank including 2 5.60 0.50 •
I
oq.. �,, 0.20
_... we�.tlS ,ving walls ll2
08o
z:!' �---
I
�, iii)
Total 1.54 m3
first class brickwork in (1 : 4) cement
mortar
• C&..a
I l- -_- --_--�t-�c.::��.;-l �.:..:i, •
•
Pill ars at bed 2 1.80 0.30 lOO 2.16 For wing walls
'
I

r == Endpil11rsat
•

- ....
• •
2 1.80 0.30 0.80 0.86 1.80 = 270 - 0.90
I � banks
U C
I • •
... .c. I N •

I Wing walls
•
I - CO 0
X 1.80 0.JO 210 4.54
I o- N • •
• N&:I,,. •
I
I
• Total 7.56 m3
• I
I
•
- - - - - - -- - - ... iv) R.C.C. work for trough including 1'/, stttL
centering and shuttering
- :.J
• Base slab 1 8.10 1.80 0.15 212
• �
. L--� _,ii......lf-- • Vertical slab 2 8.10 0.15 1.10 2.67
•

. Total 4.86 m3
•

• •
• •
Solution:• v) Cen1ent pointing 1 : 2 in ttmmt mortar !or
e-
•
•
• •
No. Heigth Quantity Expb.natoiy note brickwork
Item Descnptaon
•
of ite,r1s .m:: '= or Pillars at bed 2 4..20 - 1.50 1'2.60 u ,n = Perimeter
no.
1o � drpth = 2(1.8 + 0.3)
!
Endpillars at
1 1.80 - 1..80 0.81 0.-1.5 = 0.80 - 0.35
tl_LJ(�mi)_l__:__+__:____�- bank
i) Earthwork in excavation infoundation •
Wing walls 'X 1.80 - 1.75 12.60
210 = 2(0.75 + 0.15 + 0.15) M
Pillars at bed 2 210 0.50 0.70 1.47 • Total 26.Dl ml
= 6.00m
•
•
• • •

•
 .•.'•• '--:
,
•
•
. . �

osting
•
Valuation -o- Chapter
S and c 7J 257
irnatin
�� ,aI of Est •

P�te
!256 I corn bLlrnt bn· c kS
Pitching may also he
•
calculated in m 2 stating
s.84 the thickness.

C apter
•
•

0.10 1.73
� 3.00 t.
44
=�at '
S N •

sand D/ •

u/ • •
(10 cm)
ed ofmifl Or 1.06
B 1.80 0.10
3.00 1
canal at both 2
U/ sand D( s
es (10 an ) Total 8.65 m7
sid
•
•• •

J.1 INTRODUCTION
• Valuation is the technique of estimating or deterntining the fa
•
p e rty ir price o r
value of a p ro su ch as building, factory, oth
er engineering structures of
•

various types land etc. Hence, by valuation, the present price pr val
•

o erty de ter 11ti ue of a

pr p is ned .

I
Jn other words, valuation is an art of judgment based on experience and
•
I • relevant statistical data to forecast the value of a pr operty at present�
•

• • The p r,esent value of a property may decide by its selling price or income or
rent it may fetca The value of the property depends on its structure, life,
• •

- •
maintenance, location, bank interest, legal control, etc. The value also
•
•
•
I •
•
•
•
depends on supply or demand and the purpose for which valuation is
•
required , and continually varies \\tith age, physical state and cha racteristics
•
of the property itseU.
•

• •
• Cost means original cost of construction while value means the present
value (saleable value) ,vhich may be higher or lower than the cost
•
•

•
•
7.2 PURPOSE OF VAlUATION
•
, The main purposes of valuation are as fallows; •
·i Buying or selling of property
I

)
il) For mortgage as security of loan •
• I
ill) For deter,nination of rent •

iv) Fo r tax fixation or assessment of taxes •

•

l v) For compulsory acquisition

•

i
• vi) For fxation of insurance premium .
. . .
• vii) To dete,mine specuLltion i.e., more than fau pnce � sellin
_ _ g
viii) To deterinine betterment charges i.e., more than fair pnce in buymg
•

ix) For probate

•
•
•
•
 \
• ..

a nd c osti ng •

of Esti mat1 n9
e fMn ual Valuation�
I co n,plet Cha
2ss P e rpetual a n nu ity Pter 71 259
p er t}' · j�)
rt iti o n o f a p ro
a n y 1 os du e to E , / Q, ,var, etc. D if fere d annuity
x) F o r P a
'
on 1p c n s a tio n for 5 %)
·n c t l1c c Scrap value
xi). T o d ctc m 11 %i )
D A fl O N i i) Sa lv a g e value
lE o F V A l ty a v a lnator thru s t is exp e rt in %
N �
7.3 PR I g to vaJuation of a�y pro p c
IP r ) G ro ss income
m f planning d e s ig _ n ing and � i ii
\t\'11 cn rc s ort ed k n o,v le dg e o
t ra de . H e m u st h a ve s c o r
ld be a\\' are of a d min. .
ts t .
rat1ve laws xiv) Outgoings
th e o p nr He shou Ne t incon,e
ns tna .
ct1 o n o f t h e p r er •J.
a cts , loc a l tax es etc . xv)
c ·o e nt r est nc t or .
s, r . %\'i) Cap italized valu e
•
" n p l an ni ng Ja w
,v1 re t o v . Jes. shoul, d i.... ved at the time of evaluating fair
•

c1p vc o bser xvi i) Year's purchase

The f oll o wi ng p np.
d rea son abl e val ue of a p ro e rty
p �p. ly and dem xviii) Sink ing fund
n ' an d o f pro p
, er ty .
)�1 Cost depends upon � e su xix)- Depreciation
s ec cation of tl, e materials and
·o
tr C ost
ati
d
on
ep e
f
nd
the
s up
p ro
on
pe
its
rty
d
.
es1 g n, p ifi us e d
I) Value and Cost
loc o
is Value indicates the present m
•
. wi th th e p urp os e f o r wh ich va lu ati on m ad e . arket va 1ue o
iii) Cost � ancs . highe r o r l o\ver than t f any p rope r ,v .
aff e cte d b y the a g e of the propert y and its phys1ca 1 co n dit io ns. he cost of con tru ty hJ ch m a y
iv) Co s t is
of co nstru s cti n, wh e b e
on , a ve n d er mu s t be willing to sell and the purchaser cost ction. o reas the cost means •
v) Jn v a lua ti ac tual
The value is fluctu
,villing to bu}'· ating in nature wh
e
ture us e f an y pro pe rty sl1o uld be giv en due weight f o r th e c o nstr c t
u ion, and the va·lu re as cost is a constan t . .
vi) Pr es en t a nd fu o
e depend up. o h 'whic h require d
ag e in va lu at io n . · . ► supply and deman d of n t e·
. · the propert},
vii) Cost analysts . mus · t bc based on statistica1 data as 1t may sometime ► location of the property
.
require evidence in the co�rt. ► pose of vaJuation etc.
· D) � Book Value
FACTORS AFRCTINS THE VAlDATIIN
I
�e following are the factors that affect the value of the property. It is th«; or ig�! investm�nt sho
wn in the account
i) Location · assets inclu dmg prope rties a books of a company on its'
.. • nd machinates. Th
reduced year lo year depend us, the book value "'.-ill be
ii) Climatic condition ing upon depreciatio
iii) Population census scrap value at the end of the u n and ,viii be only the
til ity period
iv) Supply and demand function Book value is applica ble on b .
•
. uilding and movable pr
on,--Prties but not on
•
land.
•

v) Rate of interest
vi) Topography • Book value of th e property can
•
•
be determined as,
vii) Rent restrictio� act •
Book value= Original cost-
viii) Security on capital
•
Total depreciation up to previo s
u year
ix) Abnorn1al condition
•
I) Assessed Value
x) u
Prpose
•
It is the value of any property
recorded in the record of local auth
•• •
•
•
which is u se d for the purpose ority
of determining the various taxes to
•

· 1.5 TERMS usm IN VALUATION collected from the owner of the pro
perty .
be
The following are the terms commonl)' used in valuation: Generally, the assessed value is deter •
i) Value and Cost o,ined from the gross annual rent at
• w hich the land or building might to be
ii) Book value • let after allowing a factor of 10% fo r
' repair
iii) Assessed value
iv) · Distress Value or Forced Sale Value
•
iv) Distress value or force:cI sale value
•
v) Replacement value • When a property is sol d at a lo,ver price than the
market value of that time,
•
vi) Ratable value • •
it is said to have a distress value.
• vii) Potential value I
Such distress value may be due to any of the fallowing reason;
viii) Annuity
•
• a) Financial difficulties of the selle r.
b)
•
• Insufficient knowledge about the market value.
• •
•
•

• P a "'
 �r·
' ,. •r,.-c..
�

nd costing Valuation
s .
t1 ma tJnll
' ,;, a �... c hapter7j
261
Manua I of E n or ,,,J1cn it beciomcs u n
I c omplete Sp a econo .
260 e same for use for some ot
h rn a y b e soJct an d one
rtn ers . er urp o
rn1c
n1ay pu rc h
am o n g P a �
It do s '
e n t inclu de P se , th e s a Ie vnlue of the as e
Q ua rr el da tlo n .
salvage val .u e
the cost m .
. ac hi
•

c) d ec r�
� � ·1 co ..
"' ,.m en . of removal ne as
Co ur t rio ts o r Inco m e safe, etc.
,dif)
c1 \TJ Gross
d) or . . •
p
,var
re ve nu
to
e relished f
u e
s
d
i
·c
e d o n U1e
u al
t
r to
la o a rop
t
ue c u
a . he
l . re . .
Va a p vail in It t
nt rv ic es g
e)
lac e me its during a year. Gross inc ome 1. 5 rt rn p erty cither as rent
e rty
l
p
c
pr o
e
or I eas e money
s
f
p
o
Re or
v)
s th at v al u e a
m e.
·
o
he total i· n
come or rec
It i e t h e sa ut d e d uct1ng t ut going necess a ci pt from all source s
replac. ,vith o h e
to ry fo r , main n
.
te ance, operation
et rate p
re l a c e m e n t e tc. ta x �
b ta in e d .
mark
bl e V alu e whi.clt is o a ft er
Ra ta . _ .1 a p ro p er t}',
vi) i e t an nu a l e o f
m in com e. M u nic i p a l
fro
tt
n l xiv) Outgoing
I t s he t e
f
ing
y ea
val
r Y
u � e rs th gra ss
These are the expenses incur
un t o pai
erty
e

th e a m o v a lu e red to main
deducting e
. .
r ata b l o f t h e p r o p
c ha r g ed o n t h
. e
periodic repairs. It also include lh tain the property b n. der
an • d l
ar e
. evied by the govemmuy
ta xe s •
o th er e t axes tak
vtl) Po t en _ �,�,�
ik e la n d h a s a n in h e r e n t v a lu e w h i c h m a y
i
g o o
. n i. n c r e as i n g
authority on that pro1perty sinki ' n
· g fund rn n
and o ther m1sceIIaneous �harges h" ' a agement or coll""
en m
�'" tion chan ges
g
t or local
l fe tc h m o re f u s e d f o r some w ich are hom
m e p p
f o r r e tu rn e by the owner.
So
g c an ..
e
p
ro
e Net Income
rty
e
du e to th e is kn o w n as J:i)
ti
� e r e n t v a lu p o t e n t ia l v a l u e .
e
. �
as sa
ve pu rpo se s This is the saving or the a
alternati mounts left after
ud es th e fo llo w ing; . .
operationa I and collection cxpenscs from , deducting all · outgo·mgs,
It in cl
•
• •
t u s e . ., gr o
•
n
.
Beneficial p re s e o f la n d .
N e t .
tn co n ,e == Cro
th
ss incon, e - 0utg .
e ss inc ome or receipt.
) t l,e o n e . ,.e
B et te r la y o u t t h a n � i s t n g o1 n gs
: ) o se .
i
t p u rp
e
r e n CapltaDzed Varue
•

tt e r s u it a b il it y f o r a clif f e xvi)
c) B e
F u t u r e u s e fu l n e ss . It is ��fined as that amount of mone
d) •
y w hos e . . .
interest at the highest
pre vail ing rat e of interest will be equa
• · I to the net �· me from the properh.,
Annuity for re p � y m e n t th e m perp tu · ty (
·
f an indefinite period or f co
.
al
f
u
o i or
It is defmed as the a n n cap ta l or
a specif1ed penod ·
viii) ic p a y m e n ts 1
p e ri o d e

o f b y a p a rty )
"'J

p e rt y o r in o th e r m e t .
amount invested in a pro
I fo rn , in ve st n
so m e To deter111in e the capitc,lized val f o it
inco e h pe rt y �
I
ent s o f th e y ea r o r a t net m rom t e property ant�: h� g CS
t .
requ ir ed to know the
These an n ual paym
in g t
t prevailing rate of interest
ar e ei th er p ai d a t th e be gin n he f

e r
•

t year fo r a sp ec if ie d n u m b . Furthe�.
end of he
o f y e ars
Ca·p italized value = Net income x y
•

ear pure has. e (Y.P.)

•

P£rpetual Annuity
od , is know n as
be),
nu ity fo r p eri
If the payments of an co nt in ue in d efinite it xvii) . Year's Purchase (Y.P.) •

. It is defined as the capital sum ('•: e. cap. ta 1 ze

.
li d value) required to be
perpetual annuity,.
invested in order to recei ve an annuity of s 1 ·
• R 00 a t the pre�ailing rate of
interest for exanzple; for 4 % interest ·
r:t
Diff£r£d Annuity
of o get Rs. 4.00 ,It r uir Rs.
x)
H the payment of 1 ann uity begins at some future data after a number
b k
a n
, � � �
5· 1 · ()() per year 1t ,v1ll be
100 .00 t o be depo si ted i n a an . : u :
years, this is known as differed annuity.
t g
required to deposit(¼) of Rs. 100 i.e., lf
th

� S�p�lue == Rs. 2S.OO

Scrap value is the disma ntled ma terials va lue of a pr op er ty at the en d of its Thus,
d useles s exc ep t for sale as scr ap. Th e va lue of
utility period an absolutely 100
disn,antled material after. •deducting the cost of demolition gives scrap
Year's purchase =
•
Rate of interest
value .
The scrap value of a bui ldin g is cons ide red 10% of the cos t of
•

usu ally
tion. In the of mac hin erie s, val ue is the val ue of metal
. construc case scra p · Find the eapitillzed value of a property fetching a net annual rent of Rs.
only or the value of the dismantled parts. . . lS00.00 when the highest rate of interest prevalent is 6%.
... Solution:
xii) Salvas� Value •
·-
here,
It is the value of any property at the end of its utility period ,vithout being
Net income= Rs. 1500.00 per annum
•

.
dismantled For cxa111plc; A machine after the completion ,of its usual life •

' • •
•

•
•
:......A=.i,;;;_,,____, _____
 •

nd costi nS Valuation-<.-
t1m a . n9 a
t1 Ch apter7j
/'WJ . ua l o f Es 263
I c o m p let e w,
26 2 No
f

tc r es t :::: 6 % Sinking fund at the end o

f •rst yea
e o f a
· n r·
r (S1 ) ::: S
. hest rat
•

a l ue . Accun,u1ation of sinkin
• 1· cd v g f undat en
•

f tghe
-{1 Accumulat1on of dof secon
d} 'car (S..,) == s
z
sinking fun d
i .
C'
1 tl
v
p
a
ca
n· at�ndof t + S( 1 + R)
e
o
b
·tt
,
m•
et X

By ide f
L
t e h·llidyear (S
c
n
,v
c o
h
- ti.l"Jc t in .. 3) ::: 5 + S(l +
); X 6.; /0 -
1500:::: Rs. 25000 c c um u la ti o n
R)
, a of sinking fu
.
t{e nce + 5(l + R) 2
60"'L nd at thee
n d of n tt\•IS giv
S S(
Sn = + 1 + R) + S(l + R)2 . en by·'
or, ,
+ 5(1 + R)l +
::::

····· • · .. + S(l + R
•
,1uJtiply1ng by (1 + R) 1n both sid .
,C
. .
r en t @ Rs . 5 000 p er month . The es, \ve get, )n-1 (l)
..,......,., , _... . . 1 eta t
·i " 'A' class c ity of th gr o ss inc o m e . Sn(l + R) == S(l + R) + S(l
IY'
d·n " e
A bus 1 ate t o 15 •
15
·
Y · s est im t + R) 2 + S(I + R 3
in an Calculate
ope ·
rt t Ji 6%
o,
th e p,r es e n t r t e o f •
i n er es s )
,o
of • t· h e pr a
. outgo•.�g . zed value of the property I f ubtracting eq u a tion (2) from (1 · 5(1 + R)n (2)
1
.
S )
+ ··· ··· ··· +
'\ve get,
the capitali pe rty t
·s 5 0 yrs . Sn - Sn (1 + R) = S - S(l
Ii f of the p ro + R)n
and e
Solution: or, �n (1 -1 - R) == S(]
•
- (1 +.R)n}
Here, . .,come- Gros s inc om e - Outg oin g 5{(1 R ) - 1}
-
n
S
+
N etu or, n
s

. I{
= •

N Ol\' 2 = Rs. 60000 -

' Gross inc • ome - 5000 x 1
15 o of 6000 0 -
� - Rs . 900 0 or,
Outgo . g - 15% of gro ss inco me =
- Rs. 9 000 - R s · 5 1 00 0
Net income = Rs. 6000 0 Again ,
m

· Coefficient o f sinking fun. d ·

•

Further, · .
•

I
lOO _ 100 , _ year1y ms
- tallment of sinking fund
Year's purchase (Y .P .) = Rate of interest
....
6 If Sn � 1;
I R
•

Then, Sc = " ; is
in co m e x (1 + R) -1 called coefficient of sinking fund.
I
•
v al ue = N et Y .P .
Capitalized
S = Sn X Sc
I •

.
100
= Rs. 51000 x 6
I •

= Rs. 850000
•
Example 7.3.ft.\,
•
•

The sinking fund amount of pro

•

pe�y is
xviii) Sinking Fund
is a whi ch is built up for sole pur pos e of rep lacem ent or , e
. · .
Sl unated 0 �s. 50000 whose
!
year 5 installment o f sinking fu
d
er
fun
loses eith
It
en
future life �is 20 years. Find th:
recons tru ction of a wh it its utility at the end of its
should be set asi·de @50,o1 1• nt erest ra nd which
te
prope rty
• life span or becoming obsolete. Solution:
I The fund is regularly deposited as i�tallment s in a bank or available for the Here,
replacement on the expiry of utility period of the property. Life of the property (n) = 20 yrs.
•

The calculation of sinking fund depends upon the life span of a property (such Accumulated s inking fund(S )= Rs
. 50000
•

as building, machineries etc] and the rate of interest The sinking fund is Rate of interest (R) = 5% = 0.05
n • •

generally calculated. for 90% of the cost of construction because remaining \Ve know tl,at;
10% ,,,ill be reco\'ered h)' the scrap value \\'hen the life of tl,e property is over. Sc = R _ 0.05 '
The amount of installment of the sinking fun� can be worked out as under; (1 + R)'' - l - (1 + 0.05)lO -1= 0.03024. •

Let, n be tl,e utility period or life of the property (yrs.). Now,

Sn be the sinking fund to be accumulated in 'n' yrs.
•
Yearly installment of sinking fund (S)= Sn x Sc •
R be the rate of interest in decimal (i.e., 7% = 0.07) = Rs. 5(kXX) X 0.03024
S is the }'early installn,ent of the sinking fund. •
= Rs. 1512 per year
•

•
I - "
 •
��.. ►l
. "J • ,. .., •• ... ,. •
«'•
�,-. - -� ,- f.
'T.
• � ...,., ....
�
,:,,/,, Jt....
..,/,;,, �
.- ,'�.
.,, J- .,,., •

ting VatUc1 ion

tins an d cos . . � Chapter
uat of Es .
t1 ma . ery d1ff1cult task to pred·i 7 1 265
mplete ftMn
Jt iS ,; c t obsol es
264 I co l
• • c e n c e .
•
. d u e t o ca am 1t1es like ea rthquakes
o s
L e ence.s
o st of Rs . 4 0 0 0 c , fl o o d s etc. arc als
, , ' . by a pe�son at a c , Q o b so l s
ha s e d g u n d 0 in. cluded in th
b e e n p u rc . e th e a m o u n t o f s in k in f 7.6 METHOD 0� D_ETE e
� o p erl
� y h as D et er m in .. RMINING THE
A pr o f I a n d.. n d 1n te re s t , A s su m e th
e xclu w
. ng the to st
h e rat e o f 5 ,,.
,,, c o m p o u
th
~

e 1 0 01
e
,rl,e rate of dcprec1at1on can be l:f hAyt OF D(P .
.i:
e p o s .
1t e d a t t
n d th e s cr a p v ._, uu e a s ,o o f t h e J•' ctcrrnined R r
' c IA TI O N
annually d y s 3 0 y ears a d s : by u si
h e p r o p ert a
m e th o ng eith er of the .
utur e 1 e of t
J'f ht line follo\v ing
f s e. · · .. S tr aig met h od
cost of purc ha ij Constant pcrcentag� mcthO d
Solution! ..) s or declini
ng bala nce me
) Sinki n� fund method thod
J-lerc, h as e -
- Rs 4 0000 � .,, Q antity u
Costof pure p er yt ( n ) ::: 30 yrs . jv ) u s rv e y method
life of th e pro
Future
Rate of inte rest (R) = 5 %
0
= 0.05
0
Straight Li n� Method
of tt, e co st of p urchase
m e th od , .
at IS assttrcd th
Scra p val ue = 10% In th i s at th e
b e a c c u m u la te d a t th e en d o f 30 yrs is· · • pro p er ty .
un t. o f si n k in g fu n d to o un t e ve ry y ea r • t s a f 'ixed am I oses its value by
Noiv, total amo s. 3600 0
alJ\ ount of the o
. ng. .
1nal
the same
Sn == 90% oif Rs. 40000 = R S o tha t at t h c e n d of the uti l ity e
p r10d on]y the cos t is lost every year
5crap value
l eft. • (or salvage) is
Then, k in g fu n d (5 ) = S n X S c ..
Annua l in sta ll m e n t o f s in
• R Annual depreciation (D) == S)riginal cost_ Serapv
= Sn X + R • aluc c- v
)n _ 1 L 'f
t e m y ear s - =
(1 e , D .
1s th c a nu al de p n
• ,v h er _ � re ciation.
• O.OS c JS the onginal cost.
= Rs. 36000 X 30 •
•
(1 + 0.05) -1 v � the sc��p (or salvage) value.
i
= Rs. 544.35 n IS th. e u,·t1l1ty period or life of th
c property (yrs.).
0) Constant Percentage Metho · d5 or Decfinlng Bala
xix) Depr�ciatlon t is method ·t · nc� Method.
cia tio n n,ay be defined as th e grad ua l d ecrease or loss in the value of a ln h , • IS assumed lhat the ro .
Depre P p erty wall loss its value by a
bec aus e of con stant stru ctu ral det eriora tio n, use , wear and tear, constant perce ntage of its value at the·
I
propert)'
D is the percentage rate of' annua . .
decay etc. Thus, the value of a building or structure will be gradually l deprecia tion or constant in
decimal.
I reduced due to its use, constant wear and tear, and a certain percentage of •

the total cost may be allowed as depreciation to dete1n,ine its present value. c is the original cost. •
• •
• v is the scrap (or salvage) value.
Types of depreciation • •
n is the life of the property (yrs). •
There are two types of depreciation which are as follows:
· J Now, •
•

a) Ph)'Sical deprecation •
' ► Due to wear and tear At the end of use year thevalue of property = c(l - D
)
·
•

► Action of time and natural forces (atmospheric) A t the second year of use year thevalue of property = c(l
• - D)2
b) Functional depreciation At the third year of use year the value of property = c(1 - D)l
> Due to inadequacy (space limit} At the nth year of use year the value of property = c(l - D)"
•
► Obsolescence (old fashion and design)
or, 1-D =
Obsolescence •
(�" •
The value of the property or structures become less by it's becoming out
•••
dated in style in structure in less by etc. because of change in design pattern,
•
fashions living habits of its inhabitants ,and thus it losses it functional utility
. liij sinkln'g Fund Method
and thi� is termed as obsolescence Hence, even the property is physicall}'
In this method the deprecia tion of property is assured to be equal to the
• sound 1t may become functionally inadequate and its economical return
�ual sinking fund there on up to that date, which is supposed to be
becomes less.
•

• -
 I

ti ng and osting Valuation� Cha

pter 71
c
I of Estima . 267
leMa
tn
eua · nk · n f
I m P A t ,e nu a 1 s1 1 g und1 and Cubic contents of lhn� bUl'I
d'tng·. Le ngth r
266 c o
e n t f is l a n
in v es � . b s e qu e n t y e a rs an d c is lh e \,\ idth and h eig
. nterest bearing ing f u n� fo r s u c on '"'d area.
. ht of the
.1nvestcd o n i n t h e s in k Ft1turc life of the building st ructn
tercst o : Expected futu
•

d ar e · n re )if. e to acc ount

b c . . cost; then,
tc . 1 •
e
n a I Boo k valu e singling fund. for
t' ,l o n g 1 .
n f or de p r ec
.
1at1
. on Gross ren t
o l
ta
ta
o
Depreci ati To : Real rent it · th
ye a r - . erty .is let
� p. rop .
out
n d o f th e C - A othcnvisc tt is
calculated fro m
e
A
At t he
A cub·icaI contents.
1•t ),ear + b C - (2A + B) Outgoings
2A : Total amount o f
A + B o, utgoings such as
21'd year A + B + C C-(3A + B + C) to,,;ard5 takes coll
A + C 3 ecti on charges
3rd year D C - (4 A + B + C + D )- re�air. and maintenan
D 4A + B + C + Year's purchase (Y.P.) ce etc.
4th vear
A + and so on •••• • : It lS \vorked o ut bY k
I

. no,vi ng the rate

o_f l�terest, life of the
p roperty and
•

sinking fund c1oef ficient.

•

arrty Su rv ey M eth od 1n v a lu e d u Capital repairs required.

IV) Qu stu d ie d in de ta il a n d lo ss e t o lif e
► '
, t e p .
p rty is > Value of land from records.
In this n1ethod d l1 b oles cenc e, etc. are worked out. Each and every step'
e
ro
d ear · ecay ,
wea r an t . 1 ground without any fjxed percentag e of the c ost of
0 5 /
' e 1ogica
•
•
.15 based on som e ca n w o rk o u t th e a n ,o un t o f d e e p er- EKBfflPll 1.5-
0 n 1 , en ce d v a lu •
pe ty . . pe ri •

the p.ro r e o f a p r o p e rty b y th is m e tl ,o d .

A R.C.C. framed structure buildin g having
·· -
. )
en . ciontent of 140 1
creation and pres t : he v a lu e
cubic
•

o f b u ll d ln f con s t ru cted 15 yrs. Back on a free tenure m 0 m ,vas

d e p re c ia ti o n a s p e r li fe eas uring ab 00t 1100 m2• The
Determ I n.a o t l n O f . V.'ell ma1.nta . •

building £etchers a rent of ab out Rs 1400 per

li fe co n si d er ed as 8 0 y rs , m e d t he mo� th " What ilmount will
e
1t
For a build1ng w h os is
I
a b le f o r p r a c ti c e p r p ose . you recommend for advance loan to ih e ownet
e r e as o n r e cia tio n against the mortgage il the
u
following m a y b d p
e .rate of land in that area is Rs. SOO,'mZ?
D e p re ci a ti o n p e r y e a r Total
Period depreciation Expenses
n il Insurance premi u m
For 1 !SI 5 yrs. (0 to 5 yrs.)
n il •· Rs· 900•00 per annum
.) @ 0 .5 % p er y ea r 2.5% Management and collection tax: 8'/., of gr . oss rent
or next 5 yrs (5 to 10 yrs
. . al tax
•

7.5 % M un1c1p .• 3nut1

11 of gross rent
y rs .) @ 0. 25 %
For.next 10 yrs. (10 to 20 . 501
• •
Repair
•
. • 10 of gross rent
to y rs .) @1% 20%
For next 20 yrs. (2 0 40 Assume that the future life is 60 yrs. •
80 yr s. ) @1.5% 60% Rate �£ interest is 8°/o and redemption of capital is 50;0 •
For next 40 yrs. (40 to
Tot'll' 90°/o Solution:
Here,
•
•
•
•
•

10% represents net scrap value on dismantling at the en d of ut ili ty period. Gross annual rent= Rs. 1400 x 12 = Rs. 168000 •

Outgoings
1.7 METHODS OF DETlRMINING VAlUE OF PROPERIY
Insurance premium = Rs. 900
The follo,ving a re the ,clifferent methods of determining value of property:
i)
ii) M�nagement and collection tax= 8% of Rs. 168000= Rs. 13440 •

I) Rental Method iii) Municipal tax = 30% of Rs. 168000 = Rs. 50400
In this n,ethod the rental income is calculated after deducting all outgoing iv) R epair · = 5% of Rs. 168000 = Rs. 8400
•
from the gross rent, Years purchase is calculated after ,adopting the cunent .
bank interest and then capitalized value of the property is worked out. Total outgoings = Rs. 73140
Net rental incon,e = Gross rent-Outgoings
•

To work the capitalized value by rent return method, the follo,\'U\g

• information is required to be collected. = Rs. 168000-Rs. 73140
= Rs.94860
•
► Land and its tenure : Area of land an1d ,vhether it is a free
hold or on lease. Now,
•

•
 .
•
__.,
·, , ,

n9
g
t1
n
na
ti I
•
s
u
o
s t
c
£.
an d
ua I 0 f
l
I comp lete ,'Aan
0.05 = 0.0
Gross income = Rs. 75CXXX)
::: 8 o . 08 R - == . 0 28 •
'
J.P. )60 - 1
•
- 0.05
:::
:::
R)" - 1 (1
%
k i n g fu n d + outgomg
ie n t o f sin To run cinen,a hall = 30% o
•

c
•

oef fi + i)
C
(1
•a nd,
•
f Rs. 1017374 = Rs
Repair and maintenance of 225000
ii)
•

60 y e a rs . machin . 1 .
I

,vherc, n - _ , ·
5% of Rs. 95CXX)() = Rs. 7500 ery pant and equipment JS;
I

· 1 1 . 12.077 4
The n, =
( ) + 1c - :::: 0.0 8 + 0. 00 28
ill) Sinking fund for machineri
Y p es (S) = 5 x R
•
Yea r's p
==
ase
hase · · Ir
ar' s pu rch n ( Rn
e
•
r
Ye
u
t x
I
a lu e == N e t r en where, Sn = 90% = Rs. 85CXXXJ + -1
e d v
i 1
. z
)
Capit ali
I

948 60 x 1 2 0 77 .
= Rs.
l • •

14 5 624.22
' 5 = Rs. 850000 X
1

, ::. Rs . 1 :. 0.04 _
of la nd -
- Rs . 110 0 x 50 0 == R s. 55 0 00 0
•• •
1
( +0 .04 ) 25 -i-Rs . 20 53 0. 23
Value
•
•

ty - R 114 562 4,22 + Rs . 5500 00 Insurance premium = Rs. 1

v al e Of th e p r pe r iv)
al
• 0000
To t
5
Annual repair of hall = 2% of
o
:. u == Rs. 1695624.22
• v)
Rs. 750000 = Rs. 15000
· ' can be recommen d I
% -70 % ) th e va 1 ue f pr opert) e d fo r Total outgoing= Rs. 318000
o ( 50 o
No,v, 60 %
of .21
. t the m ortgage of tl,e property. Net p rofi t (i.e., net income) =
ad,,a nce Joan agatnS Gross income -Total ou
•

. d,,ancc l an = 60 % of Rs . 16 95 6 24 .22 tgoings

Reco m m en d ed a = Rs. 750000 - Rs,. 31803
.
o
i.e.,
= Rs. 1017374.53 0.21
•

= Rs. 431969.77
m1 . Profit Based Me thod
•
Now, •
. . ar to the rental method of va1uatio .
•

n an d . mo st
This is vel)' n,uch s1n, 1
11

1 lS
Coe(ficient of sinking fund
bu ild in g� like hotels, cinemas , sh op , et c. (IJ = R
ap plic ab le for the
· . (1 + R) -1
0
. met110 d, the net profit is \Vorked out after deducting all possible •
Jn thts . 0.04
. nc1 d"n · terest of capital investment and a1so remunerat ·on of = = 0.0042•
o t om
u (1 + 0.04) - 1
25
'- , and n,ultiplied by year's purchase (Y.P.) to get 1 the
a

_� bY1 go,�� nnr

labogr rcng d1ercu ,vhere, n = 60 years.
1capitalized value of the property. •

Year's purchase (Y.P.) = I 1 I =

•
:. 1
P+ C O.()8 + 0.0042 = 11.88
a:r,mmral____________________
·
Then,
woiked out the valuation of a cinema hall with the following data: Capitalized value= Net rent x Y
ear's purchase
Cost of land = Rs. 120000.00 •
= Rs. 431%9.77 X 11.88
Gross income = Rs. 750000.00 = Rs. 5131800.90
•

· Expenses undergone per annum: Value of land= Rs� 120000

.
•

i ) . .
To run cinema hall including staff salary, electricity charges,, :. Total v·alue of the property= Rs . 5131800
munitipal taxes and printing etc 30o/o of gross income. .90 + Rs. 120000
ii) Repair .and maintenance of machinery plant and equipment is 5°/, = Rs . 5251800.90
•

of their cilpital cost which is Rs. 950000.00. Ri)

•

Cost Based Method

iiii) Sinking fund for machineries whose life is estimated as 25 years, at In this method, the actual cost incurred
• •

4"/o after allowing 10°10 scrap value. in incurred in constructing the

building or in possessing the proper
l · iv) Insurance premium is Rs. 10000.00 per annum.
v) · Annual repair of hall is 2°lo of gross income.
ty is taken as basis to deterntine the
value of property. In such cases, necessary depr
and the points of obsolescence should also be
eciation should be allo,¥ed
Assume year's purchase for 60 years at 8 °/o and redemption of considered.
capital at 4°/o. Iv) Development Based Method
Solution: This method of valuation is used for the properties \Vhich are in the
•

Here, undeveloped on party developed stage. For aaniple; if a large place of

land
is required to1 be divided into the plots after providing roads, parks etc. and
•

• •

• •

•
 ---..--... v--..-
- .;•
.. ,,
'
, I•

Valuation -c, Chapter 71 271

•
rr,plcte e'r in an . (? 00 - rs1
7o I CO d . f u r t h ct ho d va 1 ual1o n is D == p
n
i .on is adop t e c n t "' of us�d •

3 t1 1 o p m
d o f va lu d e th e d c v e
t may be "· ork ed out i'· D is th e d epreciated value of a building ru
r,,e t h o
to b e ttl" p r o p e r y '.:) ,vher e, st ctu re after n }'ears.
t. h.1s t o,cots arc i O th e
. 1· ed by t he p u rchas e Y
( .P)
• ro ,c t u a to o f
t
y ear ' s
p is th e cost of the building at present market rate iI nc\\'.
,n,p •
,c h0 d ' the "a
· c o m e 15
. mul 1p t
t
In thtS . n 11,cn, the net 10 italizcd value. rd is the fixed percentage of depreciation (rate of depreciation)
renovation. i ci atcd ca p , n is tl,e number of years lhe building has been constructed.
p
·\fcs tl,c ant
eatculatlon
5 0 0 00 m 1 for the developtn,n
t d epreciatio� method of valuation, the va lue of a building s tructure on
'' , an e a o f 3 By ly
t o a tq UU'
. e ar
•· pr o po se d l o be so ld a t Rs roay be d e te r
o r at t on h as · th e ar ea , t is 1111ncd.
o r .
A city c P ny. After develo p g . o n w h ic h ca n b e g iv
a ti
1n
o I o Ull\ co ""
� .&• p e n s en Building h aving life Value of rd
f a n c w c u t he in ax im ing th e
o 1 Wor k e d o t
ui re d fo r de v el op co l o�
45.00 per rn · J a n d i s to b e a cq 100 Years 1.0
' ef 5 w h os e
wn 75 Years 1.3
•
to the . o ' .
.
g e 1 5 0;0 o f th s ak e pr i ce
assu nu ng: i s h m e nt c h ar e

orati on es tabl 50 Years 2.0

T h e co r p roa ds, park s etc.
1') 1ro v1'ded for •
ea b e p 00 p 1. 25 Years
t

) 40'/ o ar t o
n d itu re R s. 7. erm 4.0
ii p t e xpe
ol n y i m ro vem en
_ 4nA oo f th e sa le pric e. 20 Years 5.0 ,
••') C o
n •
s fee
s a ect
111
iv) Engin • ee r, d Arc hit • f

Solution! -------- - ----- -·

�"- ---
H ere, - 35 0000 m 2 --
acq . ed .
•

Total area to be What is the present value of the property having area of land 270 m1 ,vith
•
m 2
u1r
arks -- 40% o f 3 5 000 0 = 140 000
p · 25 yrs. old, first class building with a plinth area of 100 mi ? The building
•
be pro vi d ed for r o� d /
Are a to 3 5 000() - 14 0 00 0
n,ak ing p lots � r sa le =
is provided witlt water supply and electric filtering. Assume:
N et area ava ilab le for
m Life of the building as 100 yrs.
2
=21 0000
' of selli ng = Rs. 45 p m 2
rd == 1
Proposed rate
er
1
•
. me from plots selling = 210000 m x R
2 s . 4 5 per _
. rn2
Cost of land is 15 00 per m
• Gross tnco = Rs. 9450000 • Take: present value of the same building is Rs. 8000 per m2•
• Solution:
Outgoings -
_ l5 % of 94 50000 = Rs. 1417500 •
Given that;
b lish n ,e n t c h a r ges
i) Esta
- 35 ? m
0000 2 x Rs 7 p er m2 Total plinth area of the building= 1.� m2 •
n t ex p e n d i ture -
ii) Colony improveme Age of the building = 25 years
=Rs.-450000
•
•

ct 's fe e = 4 % of R s. 9450 00 0 = Rs . 37 8000 Area of the land= 270 m2

i n eer' s a n d A rd l it e
•
E n g
•
iii}
= Rs. 4245500 Pre,,ailing plinth area rate= Rs. 8000 per n,2
Total ou g t oing s
Life of the building= 100 )'Cars
Then,
ed la nd = R s. 94 500 00 - Rs . 42 45500 Cost of the· land = Rs. 1500 per m2
• Maxin,u11, price of undevelop
= Rs.5204500 Now,
•
•

ca n gi ve n to th e la nd Value of property = Depreciated value of building + Value of land

Maximum p o ssible compensation ,vhich be
5204500 14 .87 per m 2 1� r
• 0¥-'ners = 350000 = Rs. Depreciation value of building (D) = P (1 - 1�0) n = P 0� J )"
v) Depreciation Method ,vhere, n is 25 years.
directly
•

According to this n,ethod, the dep reciated value of a bui lding is P = 100 x 8000 = Rs . 800000
calculated ,vith the help of follo,ving, f6m,ula; •
rd = 1.0 (for usage life 100 years)

•
 ....-· ......... . -- •
;

cost1 n9
n9 a
..
,nati nd
..,, of est,· Va!uatJon�Chapter7f
.'
.•'•,."
1p ldc Nvl -- 273
272 I con •
8 � ethod � cap italized �al
100 - !)z.s :::: Rs. 622 25 7 -0 In �pan
thiS �e of the prop�rty is w
s o ns with othe o r k e d out by d irect
_ 8{XXXX'J x (- 100 4 0 5000 r capitalized valu e of sun
D- X 1 500 == Rs- o••·
coca
ty, . · ilar pr o plPTh
.... , ·
1n the
d :::: 270 rn2
li wh ose s a le rec o rd s are availab le. sa m e
11 alue
"J
13 buil ding of land J
•

h e + V
••
aJue of t ted v aa ue of
and, y p rec ia
1
r - D e 5000
Va)ue of p pe ty : Rs. 622257.08 + Rs. 40
ro
p le J.1D �t.
•••
1 x 8 m
== Rs. 1027257.08 An w er
o n -� dec id�d lo sell his .vacant property o
f 30 years old. Single
•

th Area Method otValuation storie d building haVIDg a tot

Pli n l th e · qu an tity of differenti� f al plinth ar ea of 110 m2. Th
� k�a1• te correc Y o e c o st o f land u
le to 3()0000.00 comp d with adjo i ning areas. There
•

sib
t IJ\s
,,, it is not � Lu
uati on IS us ed.
ar e
is no 1comparable instan
val
e5
o if
os
th od , e
•
ea me
•
alu a v
If
k. th e p ar . . . of lat h in g v e aila b le in th e locality but the present
wor lutth
J n a re a ra te of sim ila r bu ild�n g. t n the sillll pli nth are a rne t
od, th e r nt i th , s u ch . n ew buil di ng has o
In this meth p. · t o is worked out, multiplied With the co nst ant a been dete11a1ined from aur
es
me e ca i n nu sale pxice
•
I ocality ,,rith th e sa which is Rs. �500.00 per m1. What should be the sale price
specifi
ding hose val uation -
is t o be done an d Suitabl- of the prapmy
area �f th- e buil iv having total life of 80 years and annual si
plinth '
nking fund interest is 51/,?
1 atio n allo wed .
dep reci JS
Solution:
Here,
• • •

Cost of building = Rs. 110 x 5500 = Rs (J()5(XX)

.
, I

ol d re .
id . en ti al P erly havin g plin th ar ea o f � 00 m 2
cons truct,d
A free h 5 10
p Sinking fund coefficient for SO yrs. (SJ = R
o on a pl ot of la nd m eas ·
u.n ng 5 00 m 1
is p r o po se d to b'
20 years ag (1 + R) - 1
0
•
urch ased by 'A' ,o r his use· The present rate of c onst ructi on of the
2 o the l • th are 0.05
L

;im ilar bui l di ng is Rs. 9000 per m f p in · a an d. c ost. of land is

he sho d
ul purc h ase th e property.
..
= (1 + 0.05) -1
Rs. 2000 per m2• Adv1· "#Oe 'A' at what cost .
ij
.
Solution: = 0.001;
•

. · •
Here, where, n = 80 }rears. •
Cost of land � Rs. 500 X 2000 = Rs. tOOOOOO We know that;
I Cost of building= Rs. 100 x 900 = Rs.900000
•

_
•

5=51;x
Use straight line method to determine the depreciation; +
(l :,n_ 1
• Age of building = 80 yrs. where, s is the yearly installment of the sinking fund.
Scrap (or salvage) value= 10% of the cost of building 50 is the sinking fund to be accumulated in
'n' years.
•

Th�- J
If 5 = Rs.. 1 per annum; then,
Aru)ual depreciation (D) = c- v 900 000 -10% of ·9000001
S11 for 30 years = (1 + R} -1 x 5 = (1 + 0.05) - 1 x 1 =
n = ' D JO
80
= Rs.10125 per annum· ·R O.OS 66.4-t
••• Rate of depreciation in 30 yrs.= 0.001 x 66.44 = 01.oc,M4
Total depreciation for past 20 yrs.= Rs. 10125 x 20 = Rs. 202500 '
Present value of the buil,ding = Rs. 900000 - Rs. 202500 •
Total depreciation in 30 years= Rs.605000 x 0.06644 = Rs: 40196.iQ
•

, = Rs .697 50 0
•••
Total value of property= Value of land+ Pres Depreciated value of the building= Rs. 605000- Rs.4-0196.20
ent value of building
= Rs. 564803.80
•
..• = Rs.1000000+ Rs. 697500
Also,
= Rs. 1697500
Hence, 'A' is advised to purchase - Value \: f the land = Rs.30lXXl
•

the property at the cost of R s.1697500.00.

vii) Hence,
Capital�Value Comparison Meth ·
od
•

This method is used for valu Sal e pnce o, · roperty-- Depreciated value of building+ Value of land
ation of the property, iv hen the rental t·alue of
property is not available = Rs. •564803.80 + Rs. 3lXXXXJ
but saJe records of sim ilar buil
d ings are available. •
= Rs. 864803.8
I •
I
•
•
 ..
. • •
-
ns a nd c os ting
al of E st1m .
at1
te fv\dn u •
274 I Com.
ple
- • • Valuation� Chapter 71 275
ht ti ne Met ho d
I Jat fo n -S tr a•�
!1, pr ec
I
·-. ft
. 1sooo oo. W or k out he depreti
t --.........
111mPII 1.13 '4'� Depreclatlon-SlnllJn� fund ttterhod
w..-.- 5 Rs.
I
at
I
' in g 1
The total cost dina g after 2D yrs. by stra1ght
•
n ew b U1·1d m et h od .f th e scr a] '�
.
o { • fin e 1 a
0
pV
�e The cost of construction of a new building according to prese nt m
cost of the b
uil rhe buil ding is • 8 yrs. arket
I
. ss um e Ih e •
1·fe of rate is Rs. 2500000 having life of 80 yrs. If th e building is 15 yrs.
j5 Ju. :zs
. oo00 A •

deter n1 in e the d ep re ci ation amount which should be de

old,
Solution:
ducted from the
cost of the new bu ilding@ 10 /, compounded interest.
°
Here, . 15CXXlOO Solution:
Origin al cost -
-"1c)
Rs
0000 Here,
valu e (v) = R s. 25
Scrap •
•
I
ing (n) = 8 y rs. Cost of the building at present = Rs. 2500000
Life of the build
•
• •

. li n e m e th od ; w e h ave, By using sinking fund method of depreciation; ,ve have,

No,v, using straight
'
Annual depreciation =
Original cost - Scrap value
Life in years
Sinking fund coefficient for 80 yrs. (Sn ) =
(1 +
:i. _ 1

n
=--
c-v •
= 0.10 = 0.000().Jg
{1 + 0.10) -1
60
•
JS(XX)(J() - 250000
= 80 We know that;
•
= Rs. 15625 per annum
•
S = Sn X (1 + R •
I I R)I\ - 1
Total depreciation in 20 years � Rs. 15625 x 20 = Rs. 312500
Y.'here,s is the yearl}' installment of the sinking fund.
••• Depreciated cost of building after 20 yrs. =:= Rs. 1500000 - �- 312500
Sn is the sinking fund to be accumulated in n years .
= Rs. 1187500
•

• If S = Rs. 1 per annum; then,

(1 + R) - 1
•
n
•

rxamule J.•12 Depreciation Constant Percentaee Method Sn for 15 years = R

XS

• 15
The present v.nue of a vibr�tor machine is Rs. 3�000. Work out the • _ (1 + 0.10) -1 -· 77 •
- X l - 31 .
depreciated cost of the macltlne at the end �f 6 yrs., if the scrap value is 0.10
Rate of depreciation in 15 yrs. :::: 31.77 x 0.000049 = 0.0016
Rs. 2500. Assume life of the machine be 10 yrs. •
• •• Total depreciation amount to be deducted= Rs. 2500000 x 0.0016 '
Solution:
•

• ·
Here, = Rs.4000
I
Original cost (c) = Rs. 3000
-:
Scrap value (v) = Rs. 2500 •
E1amn11 1.1, . Year's Purchase (Y.P.) •

'
I Life of the machine (n) = 10 yrs. •
Work out the value of year's purchase (Y.P.) for an old building if its
By using constant percentage method of dep reciation; we have, future life is 15 yrs. Rate of interest on capital is 7°/o and rate if interest for
°
sinking fund is 4 /a.
' l
Percentage rate of annual depreciation (D) = 1- (*)" Solution:
Here, ..
Rate of interest on capital (Ir) = 7% = 0.07
n
= 1-(3�
•
Rate of interest from sinking fund (R) = 4% = 0.04
:) Now, . ,
•
= 0.22 R
••• Value of property at the end of 6 yrs.= c(l - 6 Sinking fund coefficient (1,) = (1 R)lfi -1
D)
•
+ •

= 3000 X (l - 0.22) 6 ·-- o.o4 -

1s - 0.0499·'
= Rs. 6755. 98 (1 + 0.01) -1
•
•

- •
 •
"' , • .
•
,I I . ...,,. -·
➔

--

and costing
of fst1mab. ll9 Valuation-. Chapter 71 277
MJnUll
•

"•here, n ::: 15 yrs. SllVDI PROlllMS

I

1.1
1 _ l =8.34 n.
� uati
•

t
_L::ine.valua i on an d wri te do wn the purpose of va l o
�
u1.. (Y.r.) = t, + le - 0.07 + 0.0049'1 ... D
w___ (P.U. 201� 2015)
c
Ycar'5 p 1. .
ro

I ITWl� N1I • � � def in it io n port 7.1 7 .2

11 EP SolufiOfl! c.. 1
•

o
ar,d
D5 If ,11.11n al a ti on re port ts prepared
7.1 •�• valuation w ork the v u fo1
Aftrr d�lll�
.
aJ!::,
nce,ned departm ent (Tax department, bank, etc.). A bu il d e r h as t o a c q u ir e an ar e a o f
area
400000
, it is
m 2

w
£or the
osed
develo
to be
pment
sold at
•
ny. Af ter deve lop ing th.e p p
of colo
2• Find oat the maximttm compensation which can be
vai,.:i:: �t. It is submitted manually the following p arts. Rs 120 pa m
co
.;en to the o W her l wh ose lm d is to be ac q uired for the
Q Part I (i,tJ'OdUdion) . . . fevel op me nt of the col o ny wi th the fol lowin g giv en dat a.
•

details of th e p perty � � as l � � o,n d

This deals w ith al l the .
ro ate of . i) 15'/• establishment charges on sales price
life of the structure, wi dth, fro nt pa ge, exilSting cond ition, etc. is to be pro vide d for o pen sp ace, roacL p ark and
il) 3S-/, area
Part II other f Kilities.
i) . by .
It gives actual valuation calculation the vanous approaches of the final . iii) Rs. 15 per m colony improvea11ent expenses
'Z.

. iv) 4•/• engineering and architect fee and other miscellaneou.5 ·

•

value as curtained by the valuer. .. ·

[P.·u. 2014]
tharges• on the sale price.
i) Patt Ill · Solution:
•

- This gives the valuer's declaration (i..t., valuati�n is done with out an
. Here,
•

y
biasing). Total area to be acqu red i = 40CXro m 2

M PartlV . · · Area to be provided for road, parks and open space = 35% x 4{roX)
At the en4 all annexure are attached whic� contains all the details about the • = 140000m 2

., property (land and building)

• • Let, •
Available area for making plots for sale= (40CXXX> -140000) m
•

lleport formate 2
Cover page .
ij
I
• . =26'XXXlm2
it} Table of content
. rate of sellin g = Rs. 120 per m
..
2
m
•• i\, Va]11ation ceitificate
•
•
Gross income from plots selling = 260000 m2 x Rs. 120 per m2
I

iv) Description of the property

•

'

v)
•

Land value =Rs.3121XXXX)

•
•

VlJ Building value

• •

Outgoing, •
vuJ Synopsis of val11ation •
•
i) Fstablishment charges = 15% x 31200XXJ
vfu) Appendix
•
- •
• •
= Rs. 468<XXX)
a) Introductory detail
•
•
u) Colony improvement expenditure = 40CXro x 15 = Rs. 60000X)
•
•

b) Technical detail
•
•

iii) Engineers and architect's fee = 4% x .Rs. 312'XXXX1

•

c) Municipal drawing
•

• •

d) Cadastral map ·= Rs. 1248<XX)

·
e) Land ownership certificate Total outgoings = Rs. 4680000 + Rs. 6000000 + Rs. 1248{X)()
•
• •••

f) Citizenship certificate • . , = Rs. 11928000

g) Revenue receipt Then,
• •
•

h) Pan n umber
•
Maximum price of undeveloped land= Rs. (312fXXXX1-11928000)
•

.Q Company registered certificate • · = Rs. 19272CXXJ

I

j) Trace map
• •

• Maximum possible compensation ,-.•hich can be-given to the land

\ . Rs. l
owners = 400000
•
927'� - Rs
2 - • • 48 18 pe r
2
m
m
I •
• • •
,q
-- --- •
•
•
 • • •
.
,.. .• .
I,/ I •
. •
/
•
I

.,
I

'
l
ti n9
f'I

os
.
•

d c r
/I

n
,,,,,I
a
• •

.
,
I Valuation -a. Chapter 71
fE st, rnat• ns
a 0 ·
Ic
nu
i78
Ma 279
per on
·
a at
.
u c �ed b y s a cost of
{ omp lete
e en r h
•

1 d" g b a s b P d° Ca cula t e the amo u o 1 •Jn a ci. ty is.

i,11 •
1 n l nt f si �· let ou. t @ Rs. 240 0 00 per ann um . The tot ill
.411 old d � " t he c os t -of l a
ild ing 25 ear n1: •ng A b ui l di n g
ex c lu • in g th •
e life f bu as o f t c ty is estimat ed to be 15% of the gross
wn Y in g
6.
"JJJV " S'I• interest ass. . s outgo
o
st o f .
pu tc h -
as [ � ll
o

d a t f c e. d ��e �;: ;api laliz ed valu e of the prop

.. N\J'IM
n a s P ul erty i� the
vY
fu g . C al c
s

o f the b ui l din U. 2 0} in co m e.
e �"I
/n
u
ta4'
v al .
o

,crap
o

nt ra te of in tere st f or si
. n kin g fun d is 4�10 . Assum e the l1fc of
Prese .
the property to be 50 years. (P.U. 2017]
•
Solution:
Here, ha se R s. 2 0000o Solution: •
, c o st o f p =
• o rty (n) 25 ye ars Here,
ure

lif e of r
•

Fu tu re . com -
::
te p
rest (Rpe) - 5% == 0.0 5 ·. Net in e - Gross income - Outgoings -
Rate o ( ·
- 10 % of th e co s t of pu rch as e =
Rs. Z40000 - 15% of Rs. 240000 .
Sc ra p v a lue
"'
- . ,·mg fund to be accumulated at the end of 25 ••- Rs.204000 =
', t .a..- , am ou nt of s mk -
No,,
•

. Y qs
Furtherm or e,
O iaJ •
• •
is given
o Rs ..= Rs . 18 0000 .. 1
•

Snby=; 9Q,v f •
Year's of purchase (Y.P.) = Ip
o, 200000
Then, . the rate of interest for capital
+ I�
• • •

. 'ta1lment of sinking fund (S) Sn X Sc ,vhere, 1 r 1S .

•

AnnuaI 1ns · =
•

S, (1 +
= .
. �n -1 le is the coeffi cient rate of interest for sm • kmg fund
0.05
•

R
..:._

or, 5 = SJ\ x (1 + R)h - . - - 180000 x 25 1 Rs. 371.44 . We have,

•
= 7
1 (1 + 0.05) - .
Sinking fund coefficient {fc) R
+ n_1 =
• •

. (1 R)
4_ What .1s th e purpose �f valuatio·n? Desaibe the various methods \vhere,R 4% =
of
•

valuation used.
•
•
. [ P·u · 2016] and, ·n 50 yrs. =
•
-
Solution; See the def i�ition port 7.7 and 7.7
. " 0.04
le =
•

50 0.00 65 5
(1 of: 0.04) -1
:. =
. A building in an A class ci� is le! out @ Rs. 5000 rer month Th,
•
•
.
I

\ S · total outgoing of property 1s estimated to be 151/o of the grosi

•

:. . Y.P. 0.00655 +
1
income, calculate the capitalized val�e of the pro_perty .f
i the 0.08 = 11.55 _ye�rs .
=
l Present rate of interest is 7.5 /o and life of the property is 7S years. Then,
·
° •

· · [P.U. 201� Capitalized value = Net income x Y

.P.
• • •
•
Solution:
•

= Rs. 2040000 X 11.55

• •

Here,
= Rs. 2357013.605 ..
• I

I Net income Gross income - Outgoings

=
or,
•

Gross income -= Rs. 5000 x 12 = Rs. 60000

•

7.
• •

The R..C.C. framed structu

•

re is sold at a cost of Rs. 1

•

Outgoing= 15% of gross income . � . including the cost of lan .8 crore

d. Calculate the amount o f sin
15% X Rs. 60000
= · 5 /a interest assuming king fund at
the life of buil ding a s 40 ye
°

value of the building as ° ilrs a n d scrap

• •

= Rs. 9000 1 2 /o o f cost of selling.

•

Solution: · (P.U. 2018)

Net inco.me = Rs. (60000 - 9000 =
• •

) Rs. 51000 Here, -

Further,
•

Cost o f selling Rs.

•

Years purchase (Y.P.) 18�000 =

•

= Ra te o f.mteres t . 7.5 = 13.33

100
= 1 Future life of the p r ope
rty (n) = Rs. 40 years
I
0 0
Rate of interest (R
-
) = 5% 0.05
Then,
=
1

Capitalized value = Net income x Year's purchase Scrap value = 12%

of c�st of selling
•

. 12% of Rs. 18000000 =

= 51000 X �=Rs. 680000 = Rs . 2160000
•

l... - •
•

.... • •

•
 , ,.,
•
•
•
n9 and costi ng
f E:st1 rnat1
• I
P ntJd 1 o Spec1ficat1on �Ch a p tc r 8 I 283
2s2 I corn lctC M,., •
ols and pla nts to be e m ployed fo
t, to
•

th e c q ui p n 1c n • r a
�if }' rc or h ire .
i,,) To �ilnd tf1us cn.tbl� to rocu a pro ect and to che
'"or n a.1s pr eq u ir cd for j ck "-
u re th e rn a tc
To proc numbers.
\!te

f m ate n als .
qunl1. t)' 0 c c in cas e of d"1sp u tc ·
.
a
• s ev 'd
• en . Iii) Express
It se l'\ cs en gin e ers .
•
',,·) sit e
1
as a gu .d
1 e f or the Requiremcnt to each and every item. ·
. .
cs
•
,rii) It sc l'\' a n g e s th e co n tr a c t cos t�
ge .
in �
s,., -- if icat io n ch ·rorma ti. on IS avoided to avoid possibility of
Rep,etition or 1n
••') Th e c h an iV)
. ,riu
ATI ON S contradiction.
U RP O .
SE Of SPE CIFI C
1 .3 P .ng are th . of specifications:
• e n1a1 n p urp oses Inclusion of Proper Paragraph
The (olloi\'I o rk ' .
. To s pec .
ify the na tu re o f w ► Specifications of materials '
i)
•

T o es ..:�
u u , at e th e q u an tity an d cost ► Combinations of materials
··)
�.) To clarify any an,biguity ► Preliminary \vorks prior to construction
:: ·To id en tif y th e qu al i� of m at en � ls ► Lnstallation of materials
• v) To ide nt ify th e m at en al pr op or ti on • ► Test, if any
J) To iden tjf)' the type s of ,vor kmanship used ► Clearing on completion
• ► �1ode of measurements
BA TYPES Of SPECIHCATID_H� .
•

·The spec{fications are broadly d1v1ded into two t)'pes wh1ch are as follo\\'s: vii) Standard size and patterns
•
· Commercial size should be specified as far as possible,
0 General Specifications unusual djmensions
In general specifications, nature _and class of w orks, names of mater ial should be available.
• _ _ s and viii) ·Cross references should be minimum as
proportion that should be used m the various 1te of orks a e possible.
. � � � described. ix) Quality of materials a n d ,vorkmanship
o111y a brief description of each and every item 1S given. It 1s useful for should be specified .
x) Nothing iq:lpos�ible to achieve and n
•

\ estimatng
i
the project. Witl,out going through the lengthy ot intended to be enforced
specifications, general infor111ation for the quantities of the detailed should be spec ified.
_ }!laterials, nature
I and class of \\ 0rk can be kno,,vn from the general specifications
0

not form part of the contract document.

, but they do
XJ) While specifying th� b and of mate
be given.
� rials options and choices should

•
ii) Detailed Specifications · · ' .
This is detailed ,vrittcn descriptions of every item in the schedule of
•
•

,,. quantities, ,vhich specifies the materials to be used, its quality,

,vorkn,anship and the results to be achieved. Usually, specificapon of the
•

items is ,vritten in the same 'sequence as they are mentioned in the BOQ (bill
• •

• of quantity). It is a part of contract docun,ent regarding quality of materials, •

\\'Orkmanship and equipments. The detailed specifications of the different

I
items or ,vorks are prepared separa_tely, and they describe what the works • •

• should be and ho,,· tl,cy shall 'be executed and constructed. Ph)'Sica\, • • I

I
•
chen,ical and electrical te�ts if an}' requires for the finished \\'Ork to ensure •
•

the desired strength or quality are specified in the �etailed spe�ification .

I '
B!i SPECIRCATIONS WRITITN G
• •

1
• j •

The general principles of sp ecification w •

riting are substantially the san,e
l
I '

regardless of the subject matter, which are �s fo ' •

llows: •
• •

• •
i) Specification Language ·
•

Sin,ple and clear san,e tense and repetition of noun is preferable.

•

••
I
t
� -l •
•

l
•
•
•