SCARIBBEAN SECONDARY EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE

2023

Name of Candidate: Nigel Barker

Candidate Number: 0903200066

Subject: English

Centre Name: Freeburg Secondary

Centre Number: 090320

Teacher: Ms. Coleen Rogers

Territory: Guyana

Year of Examination: 2023

Title: Destinations of the World

 Content Page
Plan of Investigation…………………………………………………………………. 3
Indication of group activity………………………………………………………….4
Article on hip hop…………………………………………………………………………4 - 5
Video on hip hop………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Article on the first hip hop song……………………………………………………… 7
Reflection 1…………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Reflection 2……………………………………………………………………………………... 9
Reflection 3………………………………………………………………………………………
10
Written Report………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………… 12
 Plan Of Investigation
The Sub topic for this SBA is the origin of hip hop. This topic was chosen because of the
curiosity of the participant as to how hip hop was started, who started it and the culture created
with it. The expected benefits would be increased knowledge on a topic that not a lot of people
focus on and not a lot of people know about. The researcher plans to collect data using the
internet to find articles, videos, books, or audios to provide relevant information on this topic.
 Indication of Group Activity
1: An article from Wikipedia on hip hop in general.

Hip hop or hip-hop is a culture and art movement that was created by African Americans,
Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the Bronx, New York City. The origin of the
name is often disputed. It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West
Bronx. While the term hip hop is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (including
rap),Hip hop characterized by four key elements: "rapping" (also called Mcing or emceeing), a
rhythmic vocal rhyming style (orality) ; DJing (and turntablism), which is making music with
record players and DJ mixers (aural/sound and music creation); bboying/b - girling/breakdancing
(movement/dance); and graffiti. Other elements are: hip hop culture and historical knowledge of
the movement (intellectual/philosophical); beat boxing, a percussive vocal style; street
entrepreneurship; hip hop language; and hip hop fashion and style, among others.[ The fifth
element, although debated, is commonly considered either street knowledge, hip hop fashion, or
beat boxing.

Two hip hop DJs creating new music by mixing tracks from multiple record players. Pictured
are DJ Hypnotize (left) and Baby Cee (right).

The Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the mid-1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by
the Black Spades, an African-American group that has been described as being a gang, a club,
and a music group. Brother-sister duo DJ Kool Herc, and Cindy Campbell additionally hosted DJ
parties in the Bronx and are credited for the rise in the genre. Hip hop culture has spread to both
urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world.

2. A video on the origin of hip hop from YouTube.

The_Birth_of_Hip-Hop___Generation_X(720p).mp4
3. Article on the first hip hop song from Wikipedia.

Rapper's Delight" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugar hill gang and produced by Sylvia
Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, "Rapper's Delight" is credited for
introducing hip hop music to a wide audience, reaching the top 40 in the United States, as well as
the top three in the United Kingdom and number-one in Canada. It was a prototype for various
types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the
charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track interpolates Chic’s "Good Times, “resulting
in Chic's Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright
infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriting credits. The track was
recorded in a single take. There are five mixes of the song.
"Rapper's Delight" is number 251 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs
of All Time and number 2 on VH1’s 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs. It is also included on NPR's
list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. It was preserved in
the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011 for being "culturally,
historically, or aesthetically significant".
In 2014 the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
 Reflection 1
From the article provided at 1. The researcher learnt that hip hop was created by African
Amerindians, Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the Bronx, New York in the 1970s.
Hip hop also consist of four elements; Rapping, DJing, Breakdancing and beat boxing. The
participant thinks that hip hop was created as a way to have fun and relieve stress at block parties
hosted by a sister – brother duo with Dj Kool Herc and Cindy Campbell which contributed to the
rise of hip hop.
From the video provided at 2. It shows the evolution of hip hop
from just making beats to getting creative and started rhyming also known as rapping then
adding dancing which would result in more people wanting to see the performances and having
more fun at the parties. It wasn’t long before hip hop was popular and everyone was doing it
from the raping, to beat making to dancing or all combined
From the article provided at 3. On the first big hip hop music that
paved the way for hip hop as an upcoming phenomenon and not just presented in block parties
and now being featured World Wide. It was made by a gang named Sugar Hill named Rapper’s
Delight produced by Sylvia Robinson in 1979. It is also featured in the 2014 Grammy Hall of
Fame.
 Reflection 2
The first article provided 1. The writer used a formal use of language with a nonaggressive tone
and used descriptive words that was easy to read and understand, they also used the past tense
since the event happened in the past.
The video provided at 2. The persons in the video used an
aggressive tone towards the event also displayed their joy being a participant in the memorial
event. The words they used was also easy to understand and formal.
The article provided at 3, on the first hip hop song. The
writer was formal and used memorial events to express how the song impacted the hip hop
community and how it was viewed the writer also uses a nonaggressive tone.
 Reflection 3
At the end of this study, I learned more on this topic and now have an understanding on the
origin of hip hop. That hip hop wasn’t always gang affiliated but instead in the beginning it was
just a way to have fun, express yourself and show off someone’s rhyming and djing skills in
block parties or local hangout spots. Over the course of time hip hop has changed from block
parties to music videos and getting more and more violent as the years go by. Thus, getting a bad
reputation.
 Written Report

This exercise commenced with our English teacher breaking down and explaining the various
parts of this SBA and how it’s to be done, after we understood what has to be done different
topics were chosen and groups was assigned in order to make the work easier. However, the
subtopic of each group member would have to be different and contributed to the overall topic
chosen. Help was often provided from the teacher to correct grammatical errors and faulty
diction. Etc.

The topic that was given to my group was “Music” and my sub topic was 'The Effectiveness of
Music on the Human Psychology’. This sub topic was chosen because researchers were curious
as to how this now well-known and worldwide genre was created, who created it, the culture
created with it and the effects music would have on human psychology.
The data collected for this SBA is from the internet and various article sources but data wasn’t
easily found because there are not many articles on this topic but we were able to find different
articles related to our topic and videos on each individual sub-topic
One piece retrieved was a video clip sourced on YouTube entitled ‘The Mental and Emotional
Effects of Music’. It entailed various behavioral responses to music dependent on mood or state
of mental well-being. From personal experience the researcher was intrigued with the
information that was formulated. It assisted the researcher in understanding that the mind can be
influenced by music through musical stimuli depending on how the individual perceives it.
One sub-topic of this theme was “Origin of Hip Hop”. From this investigation, it was found that
hip hop was created by African Amerindians, Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the
Bronx, New York in the 1970s. Hip hop also consist of four elements; Rapping, DJing,
Breakdancing and beat boxing.

The most difficult part of this SBA was piecing together all the information collected and
presenting it in a formal and tidy manner.

At the end of this SBA, it has helped us to understand this topic and have more knowledge on
why it was created. This exercise has tremendously expanded our vocabulary through extensive
research.
 Oral Presentation

The topic that was chosen for this was the origin of hip hop, the researcher chose this topic
because he was curious as to how hip hop was started.
In the 1970s a genre known as hip hop was created in the Bronx, New York by Latino
Americans, African Americans and Caribbean Americans. The persons behind this cultural
movement were Clive Campbell or more well known as DJ Kool Herc and his sister Cindy
Campbell who held parties displaying their ‘DJ-Ing’ skills and helped the rise of this genre. At
this time, hip hop was just an underground movement and a way for people to have fun,
forgetting their problems, letting go by dancing, rhyming, beatboxing. This went on for a couple
of years until Rappers got involved and in 1979 hip hop gained worldwide recognition when a
song called Rapper’s Delight by The Sugar hill gang was produced and was viewed as a hit
being featured in the top 40 in the USA, also in
the top 3 in the United Kingdom but Sugar Hill gang was later faced with a copyright claim by
Niles Rogers and Bernard Edward for using lyrics from a song that was already produced called
“Good Times”. Even though Hip Hop started to gain more attention after this there was one
drawback that would be that gangs were getting more and more involved in this genre. Thus,
leading to more violence being surrounded by the name “Hip Hop” gaining a bad reputation
along the way and straying away from the original purpose of hip hop which was to serve as a
medium of having fun. Fifty years later Hip Hop is still one of the most known music genres to
ever exist.
 Bibliography
Artifact 1 -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop#:~:text=In%20the%201970s%2C%20an%20underground
,block%20party%20events%2C%20held%20outdoors.&text=Jamaican%2Dborn%20DJ%20Cliv
e%20%22Kool,breaks%22%20in%20hip%20hop%20music.

Artifact 2 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper%27s_Delight

Artifact 3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSPwIjK8Aa8&t=6s