EE 34- FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER PLANT ENGINEERING DESIGN 2ner2024 > Comequste: Power System Anas (COURSE OUTLINE: 1. Power an Sources of Enerey 2 rere Conseneton 3 Renewable ney 2 Lesarroing 7. Ohersty Facer 2 Uma Fear 8.capacy rector 10 sucha ane Meterng 11 Grundig 12 Beton stm for Power Pant Operations 1. Mectaneal jst for Power Pant Operation 11 Power Pint eonomes AS net Meter fo Customers 16 Demand sale Management 17, Sostation Layout na Den Power Plant Engineering > Wis te at of designing and tating generating ‘ant hat wt result m mazar retro Fveaiment over the expecied He of te ‘squpment And also, operatg the equpment to ‘Senove relabl,coninuous and heap power Power Plant > Astaton of extabishment whch houses he pre mover. lei generat and aia for conversion of mechanical, chemical andor rudear energy no eecincal eneray ‘Types of Power Plant (as to source of, nergy) 4. Thermal PoworPlant- an ela generating ‘tabon using heal a «source of energy. 12) Ot Fred Steam -kes une of Peay fot {ght ol or burke er producton eens, 1) Coa Fred mahes ie of pueroed coal as 2 ‘o ©) Dende -muke ue of wong such a pp ‘ea2ng9r2024 4) Nuclear Steam makes uve of soam generated na reactor by heat Fa the fsion process of ‘ucla fel Urania 235 Uramaan 730) 21Gse Tutine -mahes use of combustible gases 2s ‘fuel fom ag urine engine prime mover, ‘) Geotemal- makes we of generate beat tom ‘ho herent steam fom th eats magna as Soar Steam makes wed of stam generate ‘rom slain. 2. Hydro Electric Powor Plant- an eecic generating sation ung Howing water to ve the me maver(HysrauicTrtine) ydrue Trine -samets refered o 9 water heel she est pata ert hdl ower sant Types of Hyde Turbine 1) Reaction Tr the ator under pessures party converted mio welocy before eres 1. Francs Type the water enters espa ase ‘rom ti pon, pasos tough ey rg ‘gaded by he sasony stay vanes, hen rug be mavabe wat gates rough ne ‘ne and othe tube ough whch 2 Propet Type se same as Frans type 3 Aa Fow Ture 2propter ype rane (Sherman en 1) mouse Tin - the water under rss ete cond ia vlc before tetas ‘etufneranma Ieonat oer o ree ee ns war Gnchargng oan aaa space Ercimpngieg ona et of butts atachos ‘ound te perphry of deh whee! Turbine Components: 1 DyPem Vive 12 Denageting La tte 2SeclCam 1D Ranetracore 3 Gade nee 14 Tea aac Trt 4 We Game 45 Suge Charter Wet Gae BEND 7 on Tas 7 Opwamarg 1 Opera Senco 10 Tate See Reg29/2024 ‘3. Diesel Power Plant - plant of item Combustion Engine (CE) prime mover using sdetet as fue n producing energy 4 Windmit Plant - sing a series of wind 93 rime mover 5. Sea Wave Ocean / Ocean Tides Plant -makes ‘se of natural ring of ide fo sult ing ow | 6. Solar or Photo Vota Plant- chemical ‘Types of Power Plant (as to use) 4. Base Load Plant plant rst assumes load requremen under nora condition 2 Peaking Plant plant hat normally operated to prow power onty Gung peak load penods 23. Regulatng Plat - plat capable of caving teed forte terval echer Gung of peak oF peek period and usualy respond othe change ‘conversion of radiant energy ofthe sun repaid lectrc (OC) eneray 4 Reger of tan by Pant for peak © sefoonces, ‘Types of Plant Reserves: Definition of Terms 4. Demand the oad ste receiving terminals 2) Cold Reson -porten ofthe installed reserve tb aa kept inoperable condton and avaiable for Secnoedorea were pein ‘serie but ot or meds dng, 2 Copscy tte ad canyng ait) ») Operating Reserve - refers tthe capacty in Lesage ‘cual serves in excess of peak load opera eee 2 ee {3 Capabity tne macemur fad caring aby ‘er! cain tro ny ‘expressed KlovltAmpere or Kibwats of an ‘enoraing equpment or ther elect «Spinning Reser -gnerating capscty Spporalve under spectied conan for & corroded ote bus ready 10 ake toad Imowal of tne Definition of Terms Definition of Terms 4. Net capably - he manimam generation 7 Connected Load (CL) itis the sum ofa ‘rpreased in Klowatt ours per Pour whic 3 ‘conanuous rating of al uitzabon equpmentin ‘eneraing une taton, power source, © {he consumer premes conneciod to ho Syston canbe expeced fo supply under ‘supply eysem: ‘optimum aperaing conatens.| ‘Average Load Average Demand (AL) -the average loads occuring on he power station ‘a gen peo of me. 8 Load Diversity te dterence between te sum) ol he maura of wo o more el ads a '5. Maximum Demand or Peak Load (MO) tis the largest demand of lad on the power Staton dung »ghven pened of re. {6 Minimum Demand the smatest of part ‘he onneident or combines maxim iad type of demand oocumng wih a specied ‘sual measured in hlowatts vera pected eno oved of tne,201972024 Definition of Terms 10 Concident Demand. ‘ny demand tat care ‘Semataneouy wi any er deseo he ‘sum of any el of conden dean 1. Noncansdert Demand the sum he Indvial maar demand regards of 12. Ratchet Demand - the maximum pat or preset emand which ae taken into acount 0 Definition of Terms. 13, Seasonal Dversty load diversity Between 0 cor more elec systems whch occurs when (tor pookoags arn ierert seasons of the yea 14. Of Peak Energy - energy supplied dung ‘deesgnates penods of realy ow sytem ‘eran 18.On Peak Energy - energy supplied dung ‘designated pends of elaively hgh system ‘mand 16. Demand Face (OF) te the rao of ‘maximum demand onthe power saben os ‘onnectes oad. or gt 17 Dvversty Factors the rato of he sum of {he mcvisual max demands he ‘ematanecus mararum Grand on the power ecg Simaaneons MD ‘esabehing bilings forthe prewous or subsequent perods Definition of Terme Definition of Terms, 18 Coineidence Factor hort of the manu ‘tent total demand of group of ‘stumers the sum of he manu power ‘eran oho nda concurs ‘comprising the group bot taken ae same ont of suppl forthe sare tne 18. Load Factor (LF =i the aio of he average oad (AL) the maximum demand dung (ven period uo Definition of Terms 20. Capacty Factor the rato of he actual tery prods oe manana pestle ‘energy tat coud have been prosuced during ‘gwen pened Capea cere ptt the eon ce (Gratiot tase 21, Part Use (Output) Factor itis ato of (he energy generate oe reds pant Capacty andthe number f hous fr which the plan was in operation Definition of Terms 22 Untzaton Factor (UF) the ato of be ‘maximum generator demand tothe generator capacty 23, Operating Plan Factors to rato ofthe _average load fora gen poi toe ‘peratngcapacty mn cal service ol (or ‘muteset plan) 24. Operating Load Factor ts be rao ofthe _verage load for 2 given pedo ie othe ‘average of day maxirum demand dung the are peraDefinition of fers 25. Operating ‘Servi Factor - ia he rato the capacity factor (CF) to the se fcr PUP) ori ao sone ae tothe peed hour 26 Plan Ratio -its the per annum measure of the plants capacty factor or he rao of ret ‘em output forthe yen tothe nameplate ‘apacty ofthe plant mes hours othe year 27. Connected Load Factor - i the product of ‘he load factor (LF) andthe demand actor 29/2024 ECONOMIC OF POWER GENERATION CCharacteriaties ofan Bocec Rate (or Tar) 2 Energy Element - sometimes cal runing ‘ost Mis ne operating expense to generate powerieneray which incktes the folowng 2) Foals Labor or operation ©) Facies, water of suppiy 6) Maintenance required when the plant isin ‘operation ony 23 Customer Element costo bring power tthe Uuersteonsumers which includes te folowing 2) Secondary dtnbuton syst nciog ‘sermce dap and meter Personals ores, meter readers, olecton bls Adversement 6) Franctse (50 years pred) 4 nvestors Profit Return on Investment ‘rvoied by he government Fixed Elements dependent on te sizeof Energy Elements dependent onthe vote level ofthe generated HW or UH ‘Customer Elements dependent on he number Types of Tariff 1. Uniform Rate Tithe fed oe per consumed 2 Flat Rate Tan-when diferent pes of ‘consumers are charges at aerent uo ‘ate. ts genera ued for domisc purposes, 8 Block Rate Tai when a block a energy ‘charged at aspect ate ad the sucoseing ‘locks of eneay are charged at progressively reduced rates. Ths tart ha he advantage 3 encouraging energy consumption (he alo ‘lea oom rates)Exam Php 175 per unit or the frst 100 uns. hp 15 per unt forthe next 200 uns Php 1.00 per unit forthe rest 4 Two Part Tai there is a fhe onthe basis of ther maximum demand and inning charge ‘based onthe energy consumed. Fe the fied ‘charge. ether a maunum demand indeator insted, or etherwae the charge s based on the insted eapacty (ts aso caled wo ‘charge tar 211912024 5 Maximum Demand Tarif eer two Pat ant wih te ony erence i that ‘maximum demande octusly measured Dy instaing a maximum demand meter the promises ofthe consumer Its most apled tothe large users 6. Power Factor Tart power factor of ‘consumers load taken no consiération Bling (WH) = Meter Reacig X F, Fy= 1 Dipti fom 00.1% 1 65.0% FL> 4 Bip lower han 80 1% (F 8 fom 41011 105) Fic}. Oi pf her than 85.0% (Fis tom 0.951098) 1 Three Part Trf- als called" Three Charge Rte” or "Doherty Rate’ tal charge i ptt tn tee RATE MAKING: 1. Domeste Consumer 2 indus Consumer 3 Pubte Ue 4 Pupte Intston ‘5. Commercal Consumer END OF PRESENTATION