MADE BY UTKARSH KUMAR

Alternating Current (AC) is an electric

current that periodically reverses direction. In an
AC circuit, the flow of electric charge regularly
changes direction, typically oscillating back and
forth at a certain frequency. The voltage in an AC
circuit also alternates in a similar manner.
 Direct Current (DC) is an electric current that
flows consistently in one direction. Unlike
Alternating Current (AC), where the flow of
electric charge periodically reverses direction, DC
maintains a constant polarity. The voltage in a DC
circuit remains steady, creating a unidirectional
flow of electric charge.
How to generate AC and DC
Alternating current:-. Generator always
generate AC only weather AC generator or DC
generator.
AC generator generates alternating current.

Direct Current:- generator generates

alternating current and then convert into DC
directs current with the help of commutator
within generator.
Battery or cell generates direct current DC.
Types of load in AC circuit

1.Resistive load
2.Capacitive load
3.Inductive load
 Various types of load

Resistive load - current and

voltage is always on same phase .
Angle - 0 degree between them.

Capacitive load - current leads the

voltage by 90 degree. Inductive load -
current lags the voltage by 90 degree.
Uses of AC (Alternating Current):
 Power Distribution
 Homes and Businesses
 Electric Motors
 Electric Railway Systems
 High-Frequency Applications

Uses of AC (Alternating Current):

 Batteries
 Electronic Devices
 Railway Signalling Systems
 Solar Power Systems
 Telecommunications
The frequency (f,) of a wave is the
number of waves passing a point
in a second. The unit of frequency
is measured in hertz (Hz), where
one hertz is equal to
one wave per second

Phase difference can be defined as

the difference between the
position of the two waves
propagating in the same direction
(in a particular time), they don't
rise or fall together.
Power Factor is a measure of how effectively incoming
power is used in your electrical system (energy efficiency)
and is defined as the ratio of Real (working) power to
Apparent (total) power. Real Power (kW) is the power that
actually powers the equipment and performs useful,
productive work. It is also called Actual Power, Active Power
or Working Power.
AC and DC represent two
fundamental forms of electric current
with distinct characteristics and
applications. While AC is dominant in
power distribution, DC has specific
uses in various electronic devices and
emerging technologies.