Date:

Title: Photosynthesis
Drawing of A hibiscus Leaf
Aim: To do a biological drawing of a hibiscus leaf
Apparatus: Hibiscus leaf, paper, pencil, ruler
Method:
1. A biological drawing was done of a hibiscus leaf.
2. It was labelled and annotated .
Results
DRAWING OF A HIBISCUS LEAF
Date:
Title: Photosynthesis 2
Aim: To show that the products of photosynthesis are found only in the green parts of the leaf
Materials/Apparatus: Hibiscus Leaf, Iodine, block of tile, dropper, test tube, test tube holder,
hot water bath, timer.

Procedure:
1. A soft variegated leaf grown in sunlight was chosen.
2. The leaf was drawn differentiating the green area from the white area.
3. The leaf was dipped in hot water for a minute.
4. The leaf was placed in a test tube.
5. The leaf was completely covered with 95% alcohol.
6. The test tube was placed in water and left for 10 minutes.
7. By using a test tube holder, the test tube was removed carefully from the water bath.
8. The alcohol was poured off from the leaf and was rinsed using tap water.
9. The leaf was placed flat on a white surface using iodine solution.
10. A new leaf was drawn beside the previous drawing in which it indicated the color
change.

Observation

Discussion
Photosynthesis is a process by which phototrophs convert light energy into chemical energy,
which is later used to fuel cellular activities. The chemical energy is stored in the form of
sugars, which are created from water and carbon dioxide.
The process of photosynthesis is divided into two main stages: Light dependent and the
Calvin cycle. In the light- dependent process, which takes place in the grana, the stacked
membrane structure within chloroplasts, light’s direct energy helps the plant make molecules
that carry energy for utilization in the dark phase of photosynthesis. The plant uses light
energy to generate to co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADP, H,
and ATP, the molecules that carry energy. The chemical bonds in these compounds store the
energy and are used during the dark phase. The dark phase, which takes place in the stroma
and dark when the molecules that carry energy are present is also known as the Calvin cycle
or C3 cycle. The dark phase uses the ATP and NADPH generates in the light phase to make
C-C covalent bonds of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, with the chemical
ribulose biphosphate or RuBP, a 5-C chemical capturing the carbon dioxide. Six carbon
dioxide molecules enter the cycle, producing one molecule of glucose or sugar.
In the results, the leaf on the left is a variegated leaf. The green parts contain chlorophyll and
photosynthesise to make starch. The white part of the leaf does not contain chlorophyll, so
does not photosynthesise.
The leaf on the right shows a positive test for starch in the areas which contained chlorophyll,
and a negative test for starch in the areas which lack chlorophyll.
This is evidence that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis.

Precautions
1. It was ensured that the variegated leaf selected was kept in a dark region from
sunlight for three days which will halt photosynthesis process.
2. Leaf should be placed in boiling alcohol to decolorize it.

Sources of error
1. Not leaving the leaf in long enough, leaf remains green, iodine colour not
obvious.
2. Leaving the heat source under the water, mainly this is concerning because of the
possibility of catching the alcohol on fire.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the green parts of the leaf turned blue-black whereas the yellow parts
turned reddish-brown. Green parts of the leaf possess chlorophyll; hence they carry out
photosynthesis and produce starch which turns blue-black with iodine.