Professional Documents
Culture Documents
le;% 2 ?kaVs
C iw.kk±d% 200
viuk vuqØekad lkeus ckWDl esa
vadksa esa
vanj fy[ksa 'kCnksa esa
iz'uksa ds mÙkj ds fy;s dsoy dkys ckWy&IokbaV isu dk iz;ksx djsaA
vH;FkhZ mÙkj&i=kd ij mÙkj nsus ls igys lHkh vuqns'kksa dks lkoèkkuhiwoZd i<+ ysaA
vkidks vius lHkh mÙkj dsoy mÙkj&i=kd ij gh nsus gSaA ijh{kk ds mijkar mÙkj&i=kd dh ewy izfr fujh{kd dks lkSai nsaA
egÙoiw.kZ vuqns'k
1. lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsaA lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSaA
2. mÙkj&i=kd ij vH;FkhZ viuk vuqØekad] fo"k;] iz'u&i=k dk lgh dksM ,oa lhjh”k vafdr djsa vU;Fkk mÙkj&i=kd dk
ewY;kadu ugha fd;k tk,xk vkSj mldh f”kEesnkjh Lo;a vH;FkhZ dh gksxhA
3. bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa 150 iz'u gSaA izR;sd iz'u ds (4) oSdfYid mÙkj iz'u ds uhps fn;s x, gSaA bu pkjksa esa ls
dsoy ,d gh lgh mÙkj gSA ftl mÙkj dks vki lgh ;k lcls mfpr le>rs gSa] mÙkj&i=kd esa mlds v{kj okys o`Ùk
dks dkys ckWy&IokWbaV isu ls iwjk dkyk dj nsaA
4. vuqØekad ds vykok ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds doj ist ij dqN u fy[ksaA jiQ dk;Z ds fy;s ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds var esa fn;s
x, rhu i`"Bksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
5. ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus ds rqjar ckn tk¡p djds ns[k ysa fd ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds lHkh ist Hkyh&Hkk¡rh Nis gq, gSaA ;fn
ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa dksbZ deh gks] rks fujh{kd dks fn[kkdj mlh lhjh”k o dksM dh nwljh iqfLrdk izkIr dj ysaA
6. xyr mÙkjksa ds fy;s n.M%
mÙkj&i=kd esa mEehnokj }kjk fn;s x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy;s n.M fn;k tk,xkA
(i) izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s pkj oSdfYid mÙkj gSA mEehnokj }kjk izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s fn;s x, ,d xyr mÙkj ds fy;s
iz'u gsrq fu;r fd;s x, vadksa dk ,d&frgkbZ n.M ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA
(ii) ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vfèkd mÙkj nsrk gS] rks bls xyr mÙkj ekuk tk,xk] ;|fi fn;s x, mÙkjksa esa ls ,d
mÙkj lgh gksrk gS] fiQj Hkh ml iz'u ds fy;s mi;qZDrkuqlkj gh mlh rjg dk n.M fn;k tk,xkA
(iii) ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ iz'u gy ugha fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mÙkj ugha fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml iz'u
ds fy;s dksbZ n.M ugha fn;k tk,xkA
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysaA
Note: English version of the instructions is printed on the back cover of this Booklet.
1. Burzahom is a pre-settlement site which is located 1. cqtZgkse ,d çkxSfrgkfld LFky gS tks fLFkr gS
in (a) mÙkj çns'k esa
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) gfj;k.kk esa
(b) Haryana
(c) iatkc esa
(c) Punjab
(d) d'ehj esa
(d) Kashmir
2. lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk lwfp;ksa ds
2. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
answer from the code given below the lists.
List – I List – II
lwph&I lwph&II
(Dynasty) (Founder) (jktoa'k) (laLFkkid)
A. Rashtrakuta 1. Vijayalaya A. jk"VªdwV 1. fot;ky;
B. Pala 2. Dantidurga B. iky 2. nafrnqxZ
C. Chola 3. Vasudeva C. pksy 3. oklqnso
D. Chauhan 4. Gopala D. pkSgku 4. xksiky
Code:
dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2 (a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 2 4 1 3 (b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 2 4 1 (c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 3 1 2 (d) 4 3 1 2
3. Which among the following states recently organised 3. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl jkT; us gky gh esa c`gn~ ½.k esys
the Brihad loan mela? dk vk;kstu fd;k\
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Bihar (a) mÙkj çns'k (b) fcgkj
(c) Assam (d) Chhattisgarh (c) vle (d) NÙkhlx<+
4. What was India’s rank in the Hanley Passport Index 4. gsuys ikliksVZ lwpdkad] 2022 esa Hkkjr dh jSad D;k Fkh\
2022? (a) 85oha (b) 86oha
(a) 85th (b) 86th (c) 87oha (d) 88oha
(c) 87th (d) 88th
5. fuEufyf•r Mp&LFkkfir dkj•kuksa ij fopkj dhft;s vkSj
5. Consider the following Dutch-established factories mudks dkyØekuqlkj O;ofLFkr dhft;sA
and arrange them in chronological order:
1. fceyhiV~Ve 2. elwyhiV~Vue
1. Bimlipatam 2. Masulipatnam
3. dfjdky 4. fpulqjk
3. Karaikal 4. Chinsura
Select the correct answer from the code given below.
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;sA
Code: dwV%
(a) 2, 1, 3 and 4 (a) 2, 1, 3 rFkk 4
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 rFkk 4
(c) 4, 3, 2 and 4 (c) 4, 3, 2 rFkk 4
(d) 3, 4, 1 and 2 (d) 3, 4, 1 rFkk 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 2 2
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 3 3
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
15. Which one of the following is correctly matched? 15. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d lgh lqesfyr gS\
(a) Battle of St. Thome – 1748 (a) lsaV Fkkse dk ;q¼ & 1748
(b) Battle of Ambur – 1749 (b) vacqj dk ;q¼ & 1749
(c) Battle of Wandiwash – 1763 (c) okaMhok'k dk ;q¼ & 1763
(d) Battle of Bidara – 1757 (d) fcnkjk dk ;q¼ & 1757
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 4 4
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 5 5
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
2. It was released by the NITI Aayog. 2. bls uhfr vk;ksx }kjk tkjh fd;k x;kA
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;sA
Code: dwV%
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 (a) dsoy 1 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) dsoy 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
24. Which of the following statements is NOT correct 24. 68osa jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r esa
regarding the 68th National Film Awards? ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugha gS\
(a) Asha Parekh was conferred with the Dadasaheb (a) vk'kk ikjs• dks nknk lkgc iQkYds iqjLdkj iznku
Phalke Award. fd;k x;kA
(b) Uttar Pradesh won the most Film Friendly State (b) mÙkj çns'k us lokZfèkd fiQYe ÚsM a yh LVsV dk iqjLdkj
award. thrkA
(c) Suriya won the best actor award for his film (c) lw;kZ us viuh fiQYe lksjkjbZ iksV: ds fy;s loZJs"B
Soorarai Pottru.
vfHkusrk dk iqjLdkj thrkA
(d) Manoj Muntashir won the award for Best Lyrics
(d) eukst eqarf'kj us fganh fiQYe ^lkbuk* ds fy;s loZJs"B
for the Hindi movie ‘Saina’.
xhrdkj dk iqjLdkj thrkA
25. Which of the following were the successor states of
25. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&ls eqxy çkar ds mÙkjkfèkdkjh jkT; Fks\
the Mughal province?
1. voèk 2. caxky
1. Awadh 2. Bengal
3. Hyderabad 4. Mysore 3. gSnjkckn 4. eSlwj
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) Only 1 and 2 (a) dsoy 1 rFkk 2
(b) Only 1, 2 and 3 (b) dsoy 1, 2 rFkk 3
(c) Only 3 and 4 (c) dsoy 3 rFkk 4
(d) Only 2, 3 and 4 (d) dsoy 2, 3 rFkk 4
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 6 6
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) Only 1 (a) dsoy 1
(b) Both 1 and 2 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (c) dsoy 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 7 7
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
33. At which of the following places Unique River Art 33. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl LFkku ij ;wfud fjoj vkVZ xSyjh
Gallery will be built? cukbZ tk,xh\
(a) Kanpur (b) Prayagraj (a) dkuiqj (b) ç;kxjkt
(c) Varanasi (d) Ballia (c) okjk.klh (d) cfy;k
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 8 8
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 9 9
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
40. Who was the founder of the Slave dynasty? 40. xqyke oa'k dk laLFkkid dkSu Fkk\
(a) Ruknuddin Firoz Shah (a) #duqíhu fiQjks”k 'kkg
(b) Iltutmish (b) bYrqrfe'k
(c) Qutub-ud-din Aibak (c) dqrqc&mn&nhu ,scd
(d) Aramshah (d) vkjke'kkg
41. Which of the following sites is the easternmost site 41. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk LFky flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dk
of the Indus Valley Civilisation? lcls iwohZ LFky gS\
(a) Mehrgarh (b) Mandi (a) esgjx<+ (b) eaMh
(c) Sarai Kola (d) Alamgirpur (c) ljk; dksyk (d) vkyexhjiqj
42. Who translated the 1300 Sanskrit manuscripts into
42. Tokykeq•h eafnj iqLrdky; ls lqYrku fiQjks”k 'kkg rqxyd
Persian which was brought by Sultan Firoz Shah
}kjk yk, x, 1300 laLÑr ikaMqfyfi;ksa dk iQkjlh esa
Tughlaq from the Jawalamukhi temple library?
vuqokn fdlus fd;k\
(a) Arizuddin Khan
(a) vfj”kqíhu •ku
(b) Shihabuddin-al-Umari
(b) f'kckmnnhu&vy&mejh
(c) Shams-I-Shiraj Afif
(c) 'kEl&,&fljkt viQhiQ
(d) Amir Khusro
(d) vkfej •qljks
43. Which of the following has become the first railway
division in the country where the maximum speed 43. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk fMohtu ns'k dk igyk jsyos
of mail-express trains operated has reached 130 fMoh”ku cu x;k gS tgk¡ lapkfyr esy&,Dlçsl Vªsuksa dh
kmph? vfèkdre xfr 130 fdeh- çfr ?kaVs rd igq¡p xbZ gS\
(a) Nagpur Division (b) Pune Division (a) ukxiqj fMohtu (b) iq.ks fMohtu
(c) Bhusawal Division (d) Prayagraj Division (c) Hkqlkoy fMohtu (d) ç;kxjkt fMohtu
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 10 10
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
46. Arrange the following events in the history of India 46. Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh fuEufyf•r ?kVukvksa dks dkyØekuqlkj
in chronological order. O;ofLFkr dhft;sA
1. Peasant movement in Bardoli 1. ckjnksyh esa fdlku vkanksyu
2. Congress Ministries resign 2. dkWUxzsl eaf=k;ksa dk bLrhiQk
3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 3. xkaèkh&bjfou le>kSrk
4. Second Round Table Conference 4. f}rh; xksyest lEesyu
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) 1, 3, 4, 2 (a) 1, 3, 4, 2
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) 4, 3, 2, 1
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1
47. According to ‘India Innovation Index – 2021’, what
47. ^Hkkjr uokpkj lwpdkad&2021* ds vuqlkj mÙkj çns'k dk
is the rank of Uttar Pradesh?
LFkku D;k gS\
(a) 7th (b) 8th
(a) 7ok¡ (b) 8ok¡
(c) 9th (d) 10th
(c) 9ok¡ (d) 10ok¡
48. In which category, Bhagwani Devi had won a gold
medal for India in the World Masters Athletics 48. fo'o ekLVlZ ,FkysfVDl pSafi;uf'ki&2022 esa Hkxokuh
Championship-2022? nsoh us fdl Js.kh esa Hkkjr ds fy;s Lo.kZ ind thrk\
(a) 100m sprint (a) 100 ehVj fLçaV
(b) 200m sprint (b) 200 ehVj fLçaV
(c) 10m air pistol (c) 10 ehVj ,;j fiLVy
(d) 10m air rifle (d) 10 ehVj ,;j jkbiQy
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 11 11
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
50. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct 50. lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk lwfp;ksa ds
answer from the code given below the lists. uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
(List-I) (List-II) lwph&I lwph&II
(Officer) (Related to) (vfèkdkjh) (ls lacafèkr)
A. Sarai Adl 1. Cloth and groceries market A. ljk; vny 1. diM+k vkSj fdjkuk ck”kkj
B. Shahna-i–Mandi 2. Superintendent of market B. 'kkguk&,&eaMh 2. ck”kkj vèkh{kd
C. Barid 3. Intelligence officer C. cjhn 3. •qfiQ;k vfèkdkjh
D. Munhiyans 4. Secret Spies
D. eqfUg;k¡ 4. xqIr tklwl
Code:
dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4 (a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 3 2 4 1 (b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 1 2 3 4 (c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 4 1 3 2 (d) 4 1 3 2
51. Match List–I with List–II and select the correct 51. lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk lwfp;ksa ds
answer from the code given below the lists. uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(Archaeological Site) (District) (iqjkrkfRod LFky) (f”kyk)
A. Alamgirpur 1. Meerut A. vkyexhjiqj 1. esjB
B. Baragaon 2. Baghpat B. cM+kxk¡o 2. ckxir
C. Sanauli 3 Saharanpur C. lukSyh 3. lgkjuiqj
D. Kalpi 4. Jalaun D. dkYih 4. tkykSu
Code:
dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 3 4 (b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 3 1 2 4 (c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 1 3 2 4 (d) 1 3 2 4
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 12 12
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 13 13
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 14 14
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 15 15
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
65. Which of the following books is written by Bankim 65. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh iqLrd cafde paæ pV~Vksikè;k;
Chandra Chattopadhyay? }kjk fy•h xbZ gS\
(a) Unhappy India (b) Hind Swaraj (a) vugSIih bafM;k (b) fgan Lojkt
(c) Golden Threshold (d) Anandamath (c) xksYMu FkzslgksYM (d) vkuaneB
66. With reference to Raja Ram Mohan Roy, which of 66. jktk jke eksgu jk; ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls
the following statement(s) is/are correct? dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
1. He was greatly influenced by Indian Vedic 1. og Hkkjrh; oSfnd fopkjksa ls cgqr çHkkfor FksA
thoughts. 2. budh igyh çdkf'kr Ñfr] ^thcupfjr* FkhA
2. His first published work was ‘Jeebancharit’. 3. bUgksaus efgykvksa dh eqfDr dh fn'kk esa dk;Z fd;kA
3. He worked for the emancipation of women. 4. czã lekt vkèkqfud Hkkjr dk igyk ckSf¼d lqèkkj
4. Brahmo Samaj was the first intellectual reform vkanksyu FkkA
movement of modern India.
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
dwV%
Code:
(a) 3 rFkk 4 (b) 1 rFkk 2
(a) 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4 (c) 2 rFkk 3 (d) 2 rFkk 4
67. In July 2022, which among the following countries 67. tqykbZ 2022 esa] fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl ns'k us ;wjks dks
gave approval to adopt Euro as its currency? viuh eqæk ds :i esa viukus dh LohÑfr nh\
(a) Iceland (b) Croatia (a) vkblySaM (b) Øks,f'k;k
(c) Albania (d) Serbia (c) vYckfu;k (d) lfcZ;k
68. Which edition of Agricultural Census was conducted 68. o"kZ 2021&22 esa Ñf"k tux.kuk dk dkSu&lk laLdj.k
in 2021-22? vk;ksftr fd;k x;k\
(a) 11th (b) 12th (a) 11ok¡ (b) 12ok¡
(c) 10th (d) 13th (c) 10ok¡ (d) 13ok¡
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 16 16
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 17 17
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 18 18
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
78. With reference to the Medical Termination of 78. xHkZ dk fpfdRldh; lekiu vfèkfu;e ds lanHkZ esa
Pregnancy Act which of the following statements(s) fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
is/are correct? 1. bl vfèkfu;e ds rgr] dsoy fookfgr efgyk }kjk
1. Under the Act, a pregnancy may be terminated 20 lIrkg rd dk xHkZ lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
up to 20 weeks by a married woman only.
2. Hkzw.k vlkekU;rkvksa ds ekeys esa 24 lIrkg ds ckn
2. Opinion of the State-level Medical Board is
xHkkZoLFkk dks lekIr djus ds fy;s jkT;&Lrjh;
essential for a pregnancy to be terminated after
esfMdy cksMZ dh jk; ysuk vko';d gSA
24 weeks in case of substantial fetal
abnormalities. 3. gky gh esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; us 22 lIrkg rd ds
3. Recently the Supreme Court has allowed xHkZ dk xHkZikr djus dh vuqefr nh gSA
abortion of pregnancies up to 22 weeks. 4. ;g vfèkfu;e lrr~ fodkl y{;ksa (SDGs) 3 vkSj
4. The Act will help to meet the Sustainable 5 dks iwjk djus esa enn djsxkA
Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 5.
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Select the correct answer from the code given below: dwV%
Code:
(a) 1 rFkk 2
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 rFkk 4
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 3 rFkk 4
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 3 (d) 2 rFkk 3
79. With respect to the Sangam age, which of the 79. laxe dky ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls
following statements is/are correct? dFku lgh gS@gSa\
1. The Tolkappiyam is the earliest compendium 1. rksydkfIi;e] rfey O;kdj.k dk lcls iqjkuk laxgz gSA
of Tamil grammar. 2. bl dky esa efgykvksa dks viuk thou lkFkh pquus
2. Women were allowed to choose their life dh vuqefr FkhA
partners during this time period.
uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
dwV%
Code:
(a) Only 1 (a) dsoy 1
(b) Both 1 and 2 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (c) dsoy 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 19 19
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 20 20
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 21 21
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 (a) dsoy 1 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) dsoy 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
92. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct 92. lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft;s rFkk lwfp;ksa ds
answer from the code given below the lists. uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;sA
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(Builder) (Building) (fuekZrk) (bekjr)
A. Akbar 1. Moti Masjid
A. vdcj 1. eksrh efLtn
B. Jahangir 2. Badshahi Mosque
B. tgk¡xhj 2. ckn'kkgh efLtn
C. Shah Jahan 3. Jahangiri Mahal
C. 'kkgtgk¡ 3. tgk¡xhjh egy
D. Aurangzeb 4. Shalimar Bagh
Code: D. vkSjaxtsc 4. 'kkyhekj ckx
A B C D dwV%
A B C D
(a) 1 4 2 3
(a) 1 4 2 3
(b) 2 3 4 1 (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 1 4 2 (c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 3 1 2 (d) 4 3 1 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 22 22
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 23 23
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
99. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly 99. fuEufyf•r ;qXeksa esa ls dkSu&lk ,d lqesfyr ugha gS\
matched? (iqjkik"kk.k LFky) (LFkku)
(Paleolithic Site) (Location) (a) HkhecsVdk & eè; çns'k
(a) Bhimbetka – Madhya Pradesh
(b) vknex<+ dh igkfM+;k¡ & ueZnk ?kkVh
(b) Adamgarh Hills – Narmada Valley
(c) iksVokj dk iBkj & nf{k.kh Hkkjr
(c) Potwar Plateau – Southern India
(d) dqjuwy & vkaèkz çns'k
(d) Kurnool – Andhra Pradesh
100. With reference to Mughals, which of the following 100. eqxyksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku
statements is/are NOT correct? lgh ugha gS@gSa\
1. Mughal court chronicles were written in 1. eqxy njckj ds bfrgkl dks rqdhZ Hkk"kk esa fy•k
Turkish. x;k FkkA
2. All books in Mughal India were manuscripts. 2. eqxy Hkkjr dh lHkh iqLrdsa ikaMqfyfi;ksa ds #i esa FkhA
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code:
dwV%
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2
(a) dsoy 1 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) dsoy 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
101. In which state Mahatma Buddha gave his first
sermon? 101. egkRek cq¼ us viuk igyk mins'k fdl jkT; esa fn;k Fkk\
(a) Bihar (b) Rajasthan (a) fcgkj (b) jktLFkku
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) None of the above (c) eè; çns'k (d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 24 24
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
103. On which date, Mukhya Mantri Nagar Nirman Yojna 103. mÙkj çns'k dh eq[;ea=kh uxj fuekZ.k ;kstuk fdl frfFk
of Uttar Pradesh was launched? dks 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh\
(a) 20th May 2022 (a) 20 ebZ 2022
th
(b) 20 July 2022 (b) 20 tqykbZ 2022
th
(c) 27 May 2022 (c) 27 ebZ 2022
th
(d) 27 July 2022 (d) 27 tqykbZ 2022
104. With reference to Mission Kushal Karmi, which of 104. fe'ku dq'ky dehZ ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@
the following statements is/are correct?
ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
1. This program has been launched by the Uttar
1. ;g dk;ZØe mÙkj çns'k ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA
Pradesh Government.
2. ;kstuk ds rgr dksfoM&19 ds nkSjku vius ekrk&firk
2. Under the scheme free of cost education will
dks •ksus okys cPpksa dks fu'kqYd f'k{kk çnku dh
be provided to the children who lost their
tk,xhA
parents during Covid-19.
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 25 25
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 26 26
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
111. Who was the writer of the Milindpanho? 111. fefyaniUgks ds ys•d dkSu Fks\
(a) Nagasena (b) Kalidas (a) ukxlsu (b) dkfynkl
(c) Nagarjuna (d) Ashwaghosh (c) ukxktZqu (d) v'o?kks"k
112. Who was the founder of the Utpala Dynasty? 112. mRiy oa'k dk laLFkkid dkSu Fkk\
(a) Durlabh Vardhana (a) nqyZHkoèkZu
(b) Queen Didda (b) egkjkuh fn|k
(c) Kokkala I (c) dksDdy çFke
(d) Avanti Varman (d) voarh oeZu
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 27 27
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 28 28
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 29 29
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 30 30
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
129. Mahashilakantaka and Rathamusala, innovative 129. ^egkf'kykdaVd* vkSj ^jFkewly*] uohu lSU; gfFk;kjksa dk
military weapons were used by bLrseky fd;k x;k
(a) Chandragupta II (b) Ajatashatru (a) paæxqIr f}rh; }kjk (b) vtkr'k=kq }kjk
(c) Rudradaman I (d) None of the above (c) #ænkeu izFke }kjk (d) mi;ZqDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
130. With reference to the Mughal Court, which of the 130. eqxy njckj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk@ls
following statements is/are correct? dFku lgh gS@gSa\
1. Kornish was a form of ceremonial salutation 1. dksfuZ'k vkSipkfjd vfHkoknu dk ,d ,slk rjhdk
in which the courtier placed the palm of his left Fkk ftlesa njckjh vius ck,¡ gkFk dh gFksyh dks
hand against his chest and bent his head. Nkrh ds foijhr j•dj flj >qdkrs FksA
2. Taslim means submission. 2. rLyhe dk rkRi;Z leiZ.k ls FkkA
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 (a) dsoy 1 (b) 1 rFkk 2 nksuksa
(c) Only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) dsoy 2 (d) u rks 1 u gh 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 31 31
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
134. Which of the following species is endemic to the 134. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh çtkfr vxLR;ekyk ck;ksLiQh;j
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve? fj”koZ ds fy;s LFkkfud gS\
(a) Willows (a) foyks
(b) Chenkurinji (b) psudqfjath
(c) Rhododendron (c) jksMksMsaMªu
(d) Chir pine (d) phM+ ikbu
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 32 32
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
(c) Only 3 and 4 (d) Only 2, 3 and 4 (c) dsoy 3 rFkk 4 (d) dsoy 2, 3 rFkk 4
138. Recently, National Dairy Research Institute was in 138. gky gh esa jk"Vªh; Ms;jh vuqlaèkku laLFkku •cjksa esa jgk]
news, it is located in ;g fLFkr gS
(a) New Delhi (a) ubZ fnYyh esa
(b) Uttar Pradesh (b) mÙkj çns'k esa
(c) Punjab (c) iatkc esa
(d) Haryana (d) gfj;k.kk esa
139. Timur invaded India during the reign of 139. rSewj us Hkkjr ij vkØe.k fd;k
(a) Akbar (a) vdcj ds 'kkludky esa
(b) Sher Shah Suri (b) 'ksj 'kkg lwjh ds 'kkludky esa
(c) Balban (c) cycu ds 'kkludky esa
(d) Nasiruddin Mahmud (d) ulh#íhu egewn ds 'kkludky esa
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 33 33
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Select the correct answer from the code given below: uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
Code: dwV%
(a) 4, 2, 3, 1 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2 (a) 4, 2, 3, 1 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 1, 4, 2, 3 (c) 2, 3, 1, 4 (d) 1, 4, 2, 3
143. At which of the following institutions India’s first 143. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl laLFkku esa Hkkjr dh igyh Lok;Ùk
autonomous navigation facility was inaugurated? usfoxs'ku lqfoèkk dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) IIT Madras (a) vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- eækl
(b) IIT Delhi (b) vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- fnYyh
(c) IIT Hyderabad (c) vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- gSnjkckn
(d) IIT Bombay (d) vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- ckWEcs
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 34 34
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 36 36
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 37 37
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 38 38
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 39 39
Delhi Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
CODE: UP(P)–2303
SUB: 2023
GENERAL STUDIES&I
Series
Time: 2 Hours
C Max. Marks: 200
Write your Roll Number
In Numbers
in the box
In Words
To mark Answer use Black Ball-point Pen only.
Candidate must read all the instructions before writing the answers.
You are to mark your answer on Answer-Sheet only. After the examination is over, handover the original Answer-
sheet to the invigilator.
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks.
2. The Candidate should indicate the correct Roll Number, Subject, Paper Code and its Series on the Answer-
Sheet, otherwise the Answer-Sheet will not be evaluated and the candidate will be solely responsible for it.
3. This Test Booklet contains 150 questions. Each question has four (4) options which are given below the
questions. Only one option is correct out of four. You are required to darken the circle corresponding to the
alternative which you consider to be correct or most appropriate answer in the Answer-Sheet by Black Ball-
point Pen.
4. Do not write anything on the cover page of the Test Booklet except Roll Number. Use the space for rough
work given in the last three pages of Test Booklet.
5. If you happen to find the Booklet issued to you does not have all the pages properly printed or it has any other
deficiency, then you need to approach the invigilator to get another Booklet of same Series and Code.
6. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE
ANSWER SHEET.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer
has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as
penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given
answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that
question.
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
è;ku nsa% vuqns'kksa dk fganh :ikarj bl iqfLrdk ds izFke i`"B ij Nik gSA
UP-PCS PRELIMS TEST SERIES-2023
TEST BOOKLET SERIES
ANSWERS
Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers
1 (d) 26 (b) 51 (d) 76 (b) 101 (d) 126 (b)
O;k[;k% 30 twu] 2022 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us c`gn~ ½.k esys vuqlkj =kSekfld :i ls v|ru fd;k tkrk gSA
dk vk;kstu fd;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA gsuys ikliksVZ lwpdkad 199 fofHkUu ikliksVks± dh ohtk&eqDr
bl c`gn~ ½.k esys dk vk;kstu mÙkj çns'k ds lHkh 75 tuinksa igq¡p dh rqyuk 227 ;k=kk LFkyksa ls djrk gSA ;fn ;k=kk ds
esa fd;k x;k rFkk dkjhxjksa ,oa m|fe;ksa dks ₹16 g”kkj djksM+ fy;s ohtk dh vko';drk ugha gS rks ml ikliksVZ ds fy;s
ds ½.k dk forj.k fd;k x;kA ^1* eku okyk ,d vad fn;k tkrk gSA
c`gn~ ½.k esys ds volj ij mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us o"kZ 2022&23 ;gh ckr rc ykxw gksrh gS tc vki vkxeu ij ohtk] foftVj
ds fy;s ₹2.95 yk• djksM+ dh okf"kZd ½.k ;kstuk dk dk ijfeV] ;kxarO; ns'k esa ços'k djrs le; bysDVªkWfud ;k=kk
foekspu fd;k rFkk ^,d tuin ,d mRikn ;kstuk* ds çkfèkdj.k (ETA) çkIr dj ldrs gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 2
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
5. (a) 7. (b)
O;k[;k% dkWuZsfyl Mh gkmVeSu igyk Mp Fkk tks o"kZ 1596 esa O;k[;k% 1 tqykbZ 2022 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj }kjk xksj•iqj ds
lqek=kk vkSj carke igq¡pkA ch-vkj-Mh- esfMdy dkWyt s ] xksj•iqj ls lapkjh jksx fu;a=k.k
o"kZ 1602 esa uhnjySaM jkT; ds tujy us dbZ O;kikfjd daifu;ksa ,oa nLrd vfHk;ku (Communicable Disease Control
dks uhnjySaM dh bZLV bafM;k daiuh esa feyk fn;kA and Dastak Campaign) dks çkjaHk fd;k x;kA vr%
Mpksa us iqrZxkfy;ksa ls eækl (psUubZ) ds ikl ukxiV~Ve ij fodYi (b) lgh gSA
dCtk dj fy;k vkSj bls nf{k.k Hkkjr esa viuk eq[; x<+ cuk lapkjh jksx fu;a=k.k vfHk;ku dk vk;kstu 1 ls 31 tqykbZ
fy;kA 2022 rd vkSj balsiQsykbfVl] eysfj;k] Msaxw] iQkbysfj;k
uoacj 1759 esa gqxyh dh yM+kbZ esa] ftlus Hkkjr esa Mp rFkk fpduxqfu;k dks iQSyus ls jksdus ds fy;s jkT; esa ?kj&?kj
egÙokdka{kkrvksa dks pdukpwj dj fn;k] vaxzs”kh lsuk us Mp nLrd vfHk;ku (Door-To-Door Dastak Campaign) 16 ls
lsuk dks gjk fn;kA 31 tqykbZ 2022 rd vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA
Mp iQSDVjh o"kZ eq[;ea=kh us dgk fd jkT; esa balsiQsykbfVl ls gksus okyh ekSrksa
vkrk FkkA fczVsu ds lwrh oL=kksa ds fofuekZrk dkiQh yacs vjls fofHkUu le; vofèk ds jkf=k çdk'k MsVk gSaA blesa fdlh
ls vesfjdh dikl ij viuh fuHkZjrk ds dkj.k cgqr ijs'kku bykds dk uD'kk ekxZ dh Å¡pkbZ lacaèkh tkudkjh çnku
FksA o"kZ 1857 esa fczVsu esa dikl vkiwfrZ la?k dh LFkkiuk djrk gSA
gqbZ vkSj o"kZ 1859 esa eSupsLVj dkWVu daiuh cukbZ xbZA bl iksVZy esa Hkwfe mi;ksx] ifjogu] m|ksx] ty] fo|qr] LokLF;]
mudk mís'; nqfu;k ds gj Hkkx esa dikl ds mRiknu dks vkJ;] fojklr vkSj i;ZVu vkSj vkink çcaèku tSls fofHkUu
çksRlkfgr djuk Fkk ftlls dh mudh daiuh dk fodkl gks {ks=kksa ds fooj.k dks doj djrs gq, js•k] fcanq vkSj cgqHkqt
ldsA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA lqfoèkkvksa ds :i esa çLrqr yxHkx 179 ijrsa 'kkfey gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 3
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
;g fdlh fo'ks"k jkT; ;k f”kys ;k rglhy dh fdlh Hkh 11. (b)
tkudkjh ds fy;s ,d O;kid n`'; dh lqfoèkk çnku djrk gSA
O;k[;k% ygqjknso LFky mÙkj çns'k ds lar dchj uxj f”kys esa
;g ft;ks&iksVZy ;g tkuus dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ eap gS fd jk"Vªh;
fLFkr gSA bl LFky us yxHkx 9000&7000 bZlk iwoZ esa ekuo
jktèkkuh {ks=k (NCR) esa dgk¡ vkSj D;k ekStwn gS] blls csgrj
fu;kstu laHko gks ldrk gSA xfrfofèk vkSj pkoy dh •srh dh 'kq#vkr ds çek.k çkIr gq,
gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
9. (c)
iqjkrRofonksa dks pkoy vkSj taxyh ?kkl nkuksa ls ;qDr dkckZsukb”M
O;k[;k% vfHkèkEe fiVd esa lkr xzaFk gSa ftUgsa mPp ;k vkxs dh lkexzh ds vo'ks"k çkIr gq, gSaA Vhys ds uhps çkphu lH;rk
f'k{kk dgk tkrk gSA ;g ,d nk'kZfud fo'ys"k.k vkSj dh dbZ ijrsa nch gSaA fu"d"kZ ds vkèkkj ij bl {ks=k esa jgus
f'k{k.k dk O;ofLFkrdj.k gS ,oa lU;klh dh fo}rkiw.kZ okys yksxksa us 10,000 o"kZ iwoZ Ñf"k 'kq: dh Fkh tks Hkkjr esa
xfrfofèk çrhr gksrs gSaA ;g eq[; :i ls ckS¼ èkeZ ds fo}kuksa pkoy dh Ñf"k dk lcls çkphu çek.k gSA
ds fy;s FkkA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA vkokl fu{ksiksa dks ik¡p xquk vLFkk;h laLÑfr vuqØe esa foHkkftr
fou; fiVd esa la?k ;k eBoklh vkns'k esa 'kkfey gksus
fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa çkjafHkd Ñf"k pj.k] rkez ;qx] çkjafHkd
okyksa ds fy;s fu;e vkSj fofu;e 'kkfey FksA fou; fiVd
ykSg ;qx] mÙkjh dkyh ikWfy'k okys e`n~HkkaM (NBPW) vkSj
esa la?k ;k eB esa 'kkfey gksus okyksa ds fy;s fu;e vkSj dkuwu
çkjafHkd 'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ@bZLoh 'kkfey gSaA
'kkfey FksA fou; fiVd esa fHk{kqvksa vkSj fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds eBoklh
çkjafHkd Ñf"k ds pj.k ds lkaLÑfrd vo'ks"kksa esa Bhdjs] tyh
thou ij ykxw vkpj.k vkSj vuq'kklu ds 227 fu;e 'kkfey
gSaA bls rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS vkSj fu;eksa ds gqbZ vkSj fcuk tyh gqbZ gfM~M;k¡] pkjdksy ds fc•js gq, NksVs
vykok ;g ,oa fu;e ds viokn rFkk mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk VqdM+s] feV~Vh ds NksVs tys gq, VqdM+s] iRFkj dk ,d NksVk
ys•k&tks•k nsrk gS ftuds rgr ,d fu;e ç[;kfir fd;k x;k FkkA VqdM+k vkSj ,d dNq, dk •ksy 'kkfey gSA
cq¼ dh f'k{kk ekSf•d FkhA yxHkx 25 bZlk iwoZ ;g vè;kiu bl vofèk ds fljsfed m|ksxksa esa gkFk ls cus yky crZu] dkys
ikyh Hkk"kk esa Jhyadk dh pkSFkh laxhfr esa fy•k x;k FkkA vkSj yky crZu 'kkfey FksA
ifj"knksa esa foHkktu ds ifj.kker% ys•u rhu •aMksa esa Fkk] bUgsa 12. (c)
Øe'k% fou; fiVd] lqÙk fiVd ,oa vfHkèkEe fiVd vkSj bls
f=kfiVd dgk x;kA O;k[;k%
lqÙk fiVd esa eq[; f'k{k.k ;k èkEe 'kkfey gSAa bls ik¡p fudk; ?kVuk o"kZ
;k laxgz esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA ;s yach f'k{kk,¡ (nh?k nksvkc esa djkèkku 1326
fudk;)] eè;e yackbZ dh f'k{kk,¡ (efT>e fudk;)] lkekU; jktèkkuh dk fnYyh ls nsofxjh esa LFkkukarj.k 1327
fo"k;ksa ds vuqlkj NksVh f'k{kkvksa ds lewg (lE;qÙk fudk;) lkadsfrd eqæk dk pyu 1329
ppkZ fd;s x, fo"k;ksa (vaxqÙkj fudk;) ds fy;s O;ofLFkr laxzg djkfpy vfHk;ku 1330
rFkk dfork vkSj x| esa fofHkUu çdkj ds NksVs xzaFkksa dk laxzg gSaA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
10. (b)
13. (c)
O;k[;k%
O;k[;k% 3 tqykbZ] 2022 dks y•uÅ esa varjkZ"Vªh; IykfLVd
'kkld lkezkT; dSjh cSx eqDr fnol ds volj ij bafnjk xkaèkh çfr"Bku
nsoiky iky esa mÙkj çns'k IykfLVd vif'k"V çcaèku dkaDyso] 2022
nafrnqxZ jk"VªdwV dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
Hkkst çfrgkj bl dkaDyso dh Fkhe ^3R* (fj;wt] fjlkbfdy o fjMÔwl) FkhA
i`Fohjkt III pkSgku bl volj ij vkxjk uxj vk;qDr fuf•y Vhdkjke dks mÙkj
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA çns'k ds 'kgjh fodkl ,oa ÅtkZ ea=kh us lEekfur fd;kA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 4
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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1 tqykbZ 2022 ls ikWyhLVkbfuu vkSj foLrkfjr ikWyhLVkbfuu eqtÝiQj tax] pank lkfgc ,oa Úk¡lhfl;ksa dh la;qDr lsuk us
lfgr vfèklwfpr ,flaxy ;wt IykfLVd ds fuekZ.k] vk;kr] o"kZ 1749 esa vacwj ds ;q¼ (osYyksj ds ikl) esa vuoj&mn&nhu
LVkWfdax] forj.k] fcØh vkSj mi;ksx dks çfrcafèkr fd;k x;k gSA dks ijkftr dj mldh gR;k dj nhA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
14. (d) r`rh; dukZVd ;q¼ (1758-63)%
rhljs dukZVd ;q¼ dk fu.kkZ;d ;q¼ 22 tuojh] 1760
O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; fofèkd lsok çkfèkdj.k (NALSA) ds rRdkyhu dks rfeyukMq ds okafMok'k (;k okaMkoklh) esa vaxzs”kksa }kjk
vè;{k mn; mes'k yfyr us 18oha vf•y Hkkjrh; fofèkd thrk x;k FkkA vaxzs”k tujy vkbjs dksVs (General Eyre
lsok çkfèkdj.k cSBd ds nkSjku Hkkjr dh igyh vkfVZfiQf'k;y Coote) us dkmaV Mh ySyh (Count de Lally) ds usr`Ro okyh
baVsfytsal (AI) lapkfyr] ,aM&Vw&,aM fMftVy yksd vnkyr Úk¡lhlh lsuk dks cqjh rjg ijkftr dj fn;k ,oa ekfDoZl Mh
dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA cqlh (Marquis de Bussy) dks canh cuk fy;kA
NALSA vkSj jktLFkku jkT; fofèkd lsok çkfèkdj.k (RSLSA) o"kZ 1763 esa isfjl dh 'kkafr dh lafèk us Úk¡lhfl;ksa dks
}kjk 16 ls 17 tqykbZ 2022 rd 18oha vf•y Hkkjrh; fofèkd Hkkjr esa muds iQSfDVª;ksa dks cgky dj fn;k] ;q¼ ds ckn
lsok çkfèkdj.k cSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA Úk¡lhlh jktuhfrd çHkko lekIr gks x;kA
jktLFkku jkT; fofèkd lsok çkfèkdj.k (RSLSA 22) }kjk o"kZ 1759 esa csnkjk ds ;q¼ esa vaxzs”kh lsuk }kjk Mpksa dks
vk;ksftr fMftVy yksd vnkyr dks bldh VsDuksykWth ikVZuj ijkftr fd;k x;k FkkA
tqfifVl tfLVl VsDuksykWtht }kjk fMtkbu vkSj fodflr 16. (b)
fd;k x;k FkkA
O;k[;k% lgk;d lafèk%
fo'o dh igyh tlVsd (tfLVl VsDuksykWth) daiuh& twfifVl
ykWMZ osys”kyh }kjk o"kZ 1798 esa vkSj mlds ckn lgk;d
iwjs Hkkjr esa fofHkUu v¼Z&U;kf;d fudk;ksa vkSj oSdfYid fookn lafèk O;oLFkk dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ FkhA lgk;d lafèk ds rgr
lekèkku (ADR) dsaæksa ds lkFk dk;Z dj jgh gS rkfd fookn vaxzs”k] ckgjh •rjksa vkSj vkarfjd vO;oLFkk ds f•ykiQ Hkkjrh;
lekèkku ds iwjs flLVe dks fMftVy :i esa rCnhy fd;k tk 'kkldksa dh j{kk djus ds fy;s lger gq,] ysfdu cnys esa
lds vkSj mls u;k :i fn;k tk ldsA lgk;d lafèk Lohdkj djus okys Hkkjrh; 'kkldksa dks fczfV'k
fMftVy yksd vnkyr] vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVfs ytsl a (AI) vkSj ny dh rSukrh ds fy;s lger gksuk Fkk] ftlds j•j•ko ds
CykWdpsu ls lapkfyr gksrh gSA bls jktLFkku jkT; fofèkd lsok fy;s os vaxzs”kksa dks lfClMh dk Hkqxrku djsaxsA vr% dFku 1
çkfèkdj.k (RSLSA) }kjk c<+rs ekeys dh yafcrrk dks •Re lgh gSA
djus ds fy;s 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA o"kZ 1798 esa vaxzs”kksa ds lkFk lcls igys gSnjkckn ds
15. (b) futke us lgk;d lafèk dh FkhA mUgsa vius njckj ls Úk¡lhlh
vfèkdkfj;ksa dks cnyus vkSj muds LFkku ij vaxzs”kh vfèkdkfj;ksa
O;k[;k% çFke dukZVd ;q¼ (1740-48)% dks j•us ds fy;s etcwj fd;k x;kA mUgksaus lsuk ds j•j•ko
1746 esa gq, çFke dukZVd ;q¼ dks eækl esa lsaV Fkkse (St. ds fy;s vaxzs”kksa dks csYykjh vkSj dqMIik ds {ks=k Hkh fn;sA vr%
Thome) ds ;q¼ ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] tks Úk¡lhlh lsukvksa dFku 2 lgh gSA
,oa dukZVd ds uokc vuoj&mn&nhu (Anwar-ud-din) dh lgk;d lafèk;ksa us egkjktkvksa vkSj uokcksa dh fj;klrksa (;k
lsukvksa ds eè; yM+k x;k Fkk] vuoj&mn&nhu ls vaxzs”kksa us ewy jkT;ksa) dk fuekZ.k fd;k] ftuesa ls çeq• Fks% dksphu
lgk;rk dh vihy dh FkhA (1791)] t;iqj (1794)] =kko.kdksj (1795)] gSnjkckn (1798)
igyk dukZVd ;q¼ ,sDl&yk&pkSiy (1748) dh lafèk ij vkSj eSlwj (1799)A
gLrk{kj ds lkFk lekIr gqvkA 17. (d)
f}rh; dukZVd ;q¼ (1749-54)% O;k[;k% 3 tqykbZ 2022 dks vkxjk esa uks,Mk ds uhj usgoky vkSj
Úk¡lhfl;ksa us nDdu ,oa dukZVd esa Øe'k% eqtÝiQj tax rFkk fpjkx lsBh fot; 'kekZ eseksfj;y ;wih bZLV tksu lsysD'ku
pank lkfgc ds nkoksa dk leFkZu fd;k] tcfd vaxzs”kksa us ukflj cSMfeaVu VwukZesaV ds vaMj&19 iq#"k ,dy oxZ esa pSafi;u
tax o vuoj&mn&nhu dk lkFk fn;kA cusA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 5
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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,dyO; LiksV~lZ LVsfM;e esa gq, vaMj&19 iQkbuy eSp esa oklukvksa ls eqDr gksdj vkRek dks caèku ls eqDr fd;k tk
uks,Mk ds uhj usgoky us uks,Mk ds gf"kZr rksej dks gjkdj ldrk gSA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd dkfeZd cy ds fo?kVu ls gh
pSafi;uf'ki ij dCtk fd;kA vkRek dks eqfDr fey ldrh gSA muds vuqlkj deks± ds {k;
uks,Mk ds fpjkx lsBh us ç;kxjkt ds çrhd JhokLro dks ls vkRek ds vkarfjd ewY; dks mtkxj fd;k tk ldrk gS
gjkdj esUl flaxYl dk iQkbuy eSp thr fy;kA ftlls vkRek iw.kZ çdk'k esa pedrh gSA
iq#"k ;qxy iQkbuy eqdkcys esa fl¼kFkZ lkykj vkSj fl¼kFkZ tc vkRek vuar egkurk çkIr dj ysrh gS rks og vuar Kku]
feJk dh tksM+h us lgkjuiqj ds paæ Hkw"k.k f=kikBh vkSj dfiy 'kfDr vkSj vkuan ds lkFk ijekRek] 'kq¼ vkRek cu tkrh gSA
pkSèkjh dh tksM+h dks gjkdj f•rkc vius uke fd;kA
Hkxoku egkohj 24 egku f'k{kdksa dh ijaijk esa vafre FkssA
ckfydk oxZ vaMj&19 ds McYl esa cLrh dh f'kokaxh flag
bu 24 f'k{kdksa dks ftUgksaus thfor jgrs gq, lHkh us Kku
vkSj ruh"kk flag us xksj•iqj vkSj y•uÅ dh vkfnR;k ;kno
o usgy uh: feÙky dh tksMh+ dks gjkdj f•rkc ij dCtk fd;kA (eks{k) çkIr fd;k Fkk vkSj yksxksa dks bldk mins'k fn;k
efgyk vksiu oxZ esa y•uÅ dh le`f¼ flag vkSj uks,Mk Fkk] rhFk±dj dgk tkrk FkkA
dh lksukyh flag us xkft;kckn vkSj ç;kxjkt dh ekgh ujs'k çFke rhFk±dj ½"kHkukFk FksA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
vkSj e;wjh ;kno dks gjkdj VªkWiQh ij dCtk fd;kA tSu èkeZ ds ik¡p fl¼kar gSa%
bl VwukZesaV esa fotsrk f•ykfM+;ksa ds chp ,d yk• #i, dk vfgalk% tho dks pksV u igq¡pkuk
iqjLdkj forfjr fd;k x;kA lR;% >wB u cksyuk
feDl McYl vaMj&19 iQkbuy esa vkxjk ds n{k xkSre vkSj
vLrs;% pksjh u djuk
cLrh dh f'kokaxh flag us xksj•iqj ds f'koe JhokLro
vifjxzg% laifÙk dk lap; u djuk vkSj
vkSj vkfnR; ;kno dh tksM+h dks gjk;kA
czãp;Z% fujarjrk dk fujh{k.k djuk
18. (b)
20. (d)
O;k[;k% ç[;kr iqjkrRofon~] bfrgkldkj vkSj ckaXykns'k jk"Vªh;
laxzgky; ds iwoZ egkfuns'kd MkW- bukeqy gd dk tqykbZ O;k[;k% jk"VªdwV lkezkT; esa] jktLo vfèkdkjh ^ukn xoqaMk* ;k
2022 esa fuèku gks x;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA ^nslk xzkedwV* dgykrs FksA ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd mUgksaus
MkW- bukeqy gd dks caxky dh vkbduksxzkiQh vkSj VsjkdksVk egkjk"Vª esa ckn ds le; ds ns'keq•ksa vkSj ns'kikaMs ds leku
dyk ij muds dk;Z ds fy;s o"kZ 2020 ds iÁ Jh iqjLdkj dk;ks± dk fuoZgu fd;kA mÙkj Hkkjr esa NksVs&NksVs ljnkjksa ds
ls lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA
lkFk bl fodkl dk lekt vkSj jktuhfr ij egÙoiw.kZ çHkko
MkW- bukeqy gd us ckaXykns'k jk"Vªh; laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk esa
iM+kA tSls&tSls bu oa'kkuqxr rRoksa dh 'kfDr c<+rh xbZ] xzke
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA mUgsa 1973 esa bldk funs'kd
lfefr;k¡ detksj gksrh xb±A vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
fu;qDr fd;k x;k vkSj 1983&91 ds chp blds egkfuns'kd
ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA MkW- gd dks ckaXykns'k ds fofHkUu 21. (b)
iqjkrkfRod LFkyksa ls dbZ vewY; ewfrZ;ksa dks •kstus vkSj mUgsa O;k[;k% vgkj laLÑfr] ftls cukl laLÑfr ds :i esa Hkh tkuk
lajf{kr djus dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA tkrk gS] Hkkjr esa nf{k.k&iwohZ jktLFkku jkT; dh vgkj
19. (b) unh ds rV ij ,d rkezik"k.kdkyhu iqjkrkfRod laLÑfr
O;k[;k% tSu èkeZ% gS] tks ledkyhu vkSj flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk ds fudV 3000 ls
egkohj ds vuqlkj çR;sd rÙo HkkSfrd vkSj vkè;kfRed 1500 bZlk iwoZ ls pyh vk jgh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
dkjdksa dk la;kstu FkkA HkkSfrd dkjd uk'koku gS] vkè;kfRed cukl vkSj cjkd ufn;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vgkj unh ds fdukjs
dkjd ckgjh gS vkSj yxkrkj •qn dks fodflr dj jgk gSA fLFkr] vgkj&cukl ds yksxksa us dqYgkfM+;ksa vkSj vU; dykÑfr;ksa
mUgksaus dgk fd vkRek deZ ds dkj.k caèku dh voLFkk esa gSA dks cukus ds fy;s vjkoyh Js.kh ds rkacs v;Ld dk nksgu
vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA fd;kA os xsgw¡ vkSj tkS lfgr dbZ iQlyksa ij fuHkZj FksA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 6
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
nwljh vksj mÙkjk•aM] iatkc] vle vkSj rfeyukMq tSls
jkT;ksa dks yhMlZ Js.kh (Leaders Category) esa 'kkfey fd;k
x;k gS] tcfd NÙkhlx<+] eè; çns'k] jktLFkku] fnYyh
vkfn dks vLikbfjax yhMlZ Js.kh esa pquk x;k gSA
vkaèkz çns'k vkSj fcgkj dks beft±x LVkVZ&vi bdksflLVe
(Emerging Startup Ecosystem) Js.kh esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
24. (b)
O;k[;k% fnukad 22 tqykbZ 2022 dks jk"Vªh; ehfM;k dsaæ esa 68osa
jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj] 2020 dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA
blds varxZr] eè; çns'k dks ^eksLV fiQYe ÚsaMyh LVsV*
dk iqjLdkj fn;k x;kA blds vykok mÙkj çns'k vkSj mÙkjk•aM
dks ^eksLV fiQYe ÚsaMyh LVsV (Lis'ky esa'ku)* dk vokWMZ
fn;k x;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
22. (d) varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYeksa] Vhoh èkkjkokfgdksa vkSj osc lhjht ds fy;s
₹10 djksM+ rd ds foÙkh; vuqnku dk çkoèkku gSA jk"Vªh;
O;k[;k%
iQhpj fiQYeksa ds fy;s ₹2 djksM+ ;k cukus dh ykxr dk 25%
'kkld 'kklu vkSj Vhoh èkkjkokfgdksa vkSj osc lhjht ds fy;s ₹1 djksM+ ;k
f•tz •ku 1414&21 cukus dh ykxr dk 25%A lkFk gh MkWD;wesaVªh ds fy;s vfèkdre
eqckjd 'kkg 1421&34 ₹40 yk• dk foÙkh; vuqnku fn;k tk,xkA
eqgEen 'kkg 1434&43 rfey fiQYe ^lksjkjbZ iksV:* dks o"kZ dh loZJs"B fiQYe
vkye 'kkg 1443&51 ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k gSA
blesa vk'kk ikjs• dks nknk lkgc iQkYds iqjLdkj ls uoktk
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
x;k gSA
23. (a)
lw;kZ us viuh fiQYe ^lksjkjbZ iksV:* ds fy;s loZJs"B
O;k[;k% LVkVZ&vi bdksflLVe jSafdax] 2022 ds rhljs laLdj.k vfHkusrk dk iqjLdkj thrkA
esa mÙkj çns'k dks yhMj Js.kh (Leader Category) esa 'kkfey eukst eqarf'kj dks fganh fiQYe ^lkbuk* ds fy;s csLV fyfjDl
fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA dk vokWMZ feyk gSA
bls 4 tqykbZ 2022 dks m|ksx ,oa vkarfjd O;kikj lao¼Zu 25. (b)
foHkkx }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
O;k[;k%
LVkVZ&vi bZdksflLVe jSafdax LVkVZ&vi lqèkkjksa ls tqM+s 7 {ks=kksa
eqxy lkezkT; ds iru ds dkj.k mHkjs jkT;ksa dks fuEufyf•r
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA fjiksVZ jkT;ksa dks 5 Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr djrh gS%
rhu O;kid Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gS%
1. csLV ijiQkWeZlZ 2. VkWi ijiQkWeZlZ
mÙkjkfèkdkjh jkT;%
3. yhMlZ 4. vLikbfjax yhMlZ
 ;s eqxy çkar Fks tks lkezkT; ls vyx gksdj jkT;ksa esa
5. beft±x LVkVZ&vi bdksflLVe :ikarfjr gks x,A
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] LVkVZ&vi bdksflLVe esa lcls vkxs xqtjkr vkSj  gkyk¡fd mUgksaus eqxy 'kkld dh laçHkqrk dks pqukSrh ugha
dukZVd csLV ijiQksfe±x LVsV (Best Performing States) gSAa nh] ysfdu muds xouZjksa }kjk Lora=k vkSj oa'kkuqxr lÙkk
dsjy] egkjk"Vª] vksfM'kk vkSj rsyaxkuk dks VkWi ijiQkWeZlZ dh LFkkiuk us bu {ks=kksa esa Lok;Ùk 'kklu ds mn; dks
LVsV@jkT;ksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA fn•k;kA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 7
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 mÙkjkfèkdkjh jkT; voèk] caxky vkSj gSnjkckn FksA 28. (c)
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% oYMZ ikWiqys'ku çkWLisDV~l 2022%
Lora=k jkT;%
la;qDr jk"Vª ds vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ekeyksa ds foHkkx]
 ;s jkT; eq[; :i ls çkarksa ij eqxy fu;a=k.k dh tula[;k çHkkx }kjk tkjh n oYMZ ikWiqys'ku çkWLisDV~l
vfLFkjrk ds dkj.k vfLrRo esa vk,A ;s eSlwj vkSj 2022 ds vuqlkj] oSf'od tula[;k 15 uoacj 2022 dks vkB
jktiwr jkT; FksA fcfy;u rd igqa¡pus dk vuqeku gSA
uohu jkT;% oSf'od tula[;k o"kZ 1950 ds ckn ls viuh lcls èkheh nj
 ;s eqxy lkezkT; ds f•ykiQ foæksfg;ksa }kjk LFkkfir jkT; ls c<+ jgh gS] tks 2020 esa 1% ls de gks xbZ gSA
Fks] ,sls jkT; ejkBk] fl• vkSj tkV jkT; FksA o"kZ 2080 ds nkSjku tula[;k yxHkx 10.4 fcfy;u yksxksa
26. (b) ds 'kh"kZ rd igq¡pus vkSj o"kZ 2100 rd ml Lrj ij cus jgus
dk vuqeku gSA
O;k[;k% o"kZ 1856 esa tkjh igyh yxku cankscLr ç.kkyh] ,deq'r bl fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ¶Hkkjr }kj o"kZ 2023 ds nkSjku
cankscLr bl ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr Fkk fd rkYyqdnkj fcpkSfy;s fo'o dh lcls vfèkd vkcknh okys ns'k ds :i esa phu
Fks ftuds ikl tehu dk ekfydkuk gd ugha FkkA mUgksusa cy dks ikj djus dk vuqeku gSA¸ vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
vkSj èkks•kèkM+h ds tfj;s viuk çHkqRo LFkkfir fd;k gqvk FkkA o"kZ 2022 esa nqfu;k ds nks lcls vfèkd vkcknh okys {ks=k iwohZ
,deq'r cankscLr esa rkYyqdnkjksa dks mudh tehu ls csn•y vkSj nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k Fks] ftlesa 2.3 fcfy;u yksx jgrs
fd;k tkus yxkA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA Fks] tks oSf'od vkcknh dk 29% çfrfufèkRo djrs Fks vkSj
rkYyqdnkjksa ds foLFkkiu dk eryc Fkk ,d iwjh lkekftd eè; vkSj nf{k.kh ,f'k;k] 2.1 fcfy;u ds lkFk] dqy fo'o
O;oLFkk dk Hkax gksukA oiQknkjh vkSj laj{k.k ds lacaèk tks tula[;k dk 26% çfrfufèkRo djrs FksA
fdlku dks rkYyqdnkj ls ckaèkrs Fks] vLr&O;Lr gks x,A vaxzs”kksa phu vkSj Hkkjr us bu {ks=kksa esa lcls cM+h vkcknh ds fy;s
ls iwoZ ds rkYyqdnkj yksxksa dk mRihM+u djrs Fks] ysfdu muesa ftEesnkj gS] o"kZ 2022 esa çR;sd ns'k esa 1.4 fcfy;u ls vfèkd
ls dbZ ,sls Hkh Fks tks mnkj firk dh Nfo j•rs Fks D;ksafd os vkcknh ntZ dh xbZ FkhA
fdlkuksa ls rjg&rjg ds en esa èku rks olwyrs Fks ysfdu cqjs o"kZ 2050 rd oSf'od tula[;k esa vuqekfur o`f¼ dk
le; esa fdlkuksa dh lgk;rk Hkh djrs FksA vr% dFku 2 vkèks ls vfèkd dkaxks yksdrkaf=kd x.kjkT;] felz] bfFk;ksfi;k]
Hkkjr] ukbthfj;k] ikfdLrku] fiQyhihal vkSj ratkfu;k ds fliQZ
lgh gSA
vkB ns'kksa esa dsafær gksxkA
27. (b)
¶nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s ns'kksa esa vleku tula[;k o`f¼ nj] vkdkj
O;k[;k% 5 tqykbZ 2022 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us fp=kdwV f”kys ds vkèkkj ij mudh jSafdax dks ifjofrZr dj nsxh] mnkgj.k ds
esa gjh'kadjh ds ikSèks jksidj ou egksRlo vfHk;ku (Van fy;s] ,slk vuqeku gS fd Hkkjr o"kZ 2023 esa fo'o ds lcls
Mahotsav Campaign) dh 'kq#vkr dhA vr% fodYi (b) vfèkd vkcknh okys ns'k ds :i esa phu ls vkxs fudy
lgh gSA ldrk gSA¸
bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] phu dh 1.426 fcfy;u dh rqyuk
bl ekSds ij mÙkj çns'k ds eq[;ea=kh us dgk fd cqansy•aM esa
esa o"kZ 2022 esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k 1.412 fcfy;u gks
çkÑfrd •srh vkSj ckxokuh dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
xbZ gSA
bl vfHk;ku ds rgr çns'k esa 35 djksM+ ikSèks yxkus dk
Hkkjr] tks o"kZ 2023 rd nqfu;k ds lcls vfèkd vkcknh
y{; gSA blesa 5 tqykbZ 2022 dks ,d fnu esa 25 djksM+ okys ns'k ds :i esa phu dks ihNs NksM+ nsxk] o"kZ 2050
vkSj 15 vxLr 2022 dks 5 djksM+ ikSèks jksis x,A esa 1.668 fcfy;u dh vkcknh okyk ns'k gksus dk vuqeku
fp=kdwV f”kys esa Vkbxj fj”koZ ikdZ cuk;k tk,xk] tgk¡ gS] tks lnh ds eè; rd phu ds 1.317 fcfy;u yksxksa ls
ck?kksa dks yk;k tk,xkA cgqr vfèkd gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 8
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bl fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd ;g vuqeku gS fd nl 30. (b)
ns'kksa us o"kZ 2010 vkSj o"kZ 2021 ds chp 1 fefy;u ls
O;k[;k% pksy lkezkT; (900-1200)%
vfèkd çokfl;ksa ds 'kq¼ cfgokZg dk vuqHko fd;kA vr%
pksy lkezkT; dk laLFkkid fot;ky; Fkk] tks igys iYyoksa
dFku 2 lgh gSA
dk lkear FkkA mlus 850 bZ esa ratkSj ij dCtk dj fy;kA ukSoha
29. (b) 'krkCnh ds var rd] pksyksa us dkaph (rksaMbZeaMye) ds iYyoksa
O;k[;k% ckS¼ èkeZ% dks gjk fn;k vkSj ikaMÔksa dks de”kksj dj fn;k] ftlls nf{k.kh
ghu;ku%
rfey ns'k muds fu;a=k.k esa vk x;kA ysfdu pksyksa dks jk"VªdwVksa
ds f•ykiQ viuh fLFkfr dh j{kk ds fy;s dM+h esgur djuh
oLrqr% NksVk okgu] ftls ifjR;Dr okgu ;k nks"kiw.kZ
iM+hA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
okgu ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g cq¼ dh ewy
jktsaæ çFke ds 'kkludky esa lcls mYys•uh; dkjukeksa esa ls
f'k{kk ;k ^cM+ksa ds fl¼kar* esa fo'okl djrk gSA
,d dfyax ls caxky rd ekpZ Fkk ftlesa pksy lsukvksa us xaxk
;g ewfrZ iwtk esa fo'okl ugha djrk gS vkSj vkRe vuq'kklu
unh dks ikj fd;k vkSj nks LFkkuh; jktkvksa dks gjk;kA ,d
rFkk è;ku ds ekè;e ls O;fDrxr eks{k çkIr djus dk ç;kl pksy lsukifr ds usr`Ro esa ;g vfHk;ku 1022 esa gqvk vkSj
djrk gSA mlh ekxZ dh mYVh fn'kk r; dh x;h ftldk egku fotsrk
Fksjokn ghu;ku laçnk; dk ,d fgLlk gSA leqæxqIr us vuqlj.k fd;k FkkA
çFke ckS¼ laxhfr% cq¼ ds egkifjfuokZ.k ds rqjar ckn bl volj dks eukus ds fy;s] jktsaæ çFke us xaxbZdksaMkpksyk
yxHkx 483 bZlk iwoZ jktk vtkr'k=kq ds laj{k.k esa vkSj (xaxk ij fot; çkIr djus okys pksy) dh mikfèk èkkj.k dhA
,d fHk{kq egkd';i dh vè;{krk esa bldk vk;kstu mUgksaus dkosjh unh ds eqgkus ds ikl ,d ubZ jktèkkuh dk
fd;k x;k FkkA fuekZ.k fd;k vkSj bls xaxbZdksaMkpksyiqje (xaxk ij fot;
bl laxhfr dk vk;kstu jktx`g esa lÙkkikuh xqiQk esa fd;k çkIr djus okys pksy dk 'kgj) dgkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
x;k FkkA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA 31. (c)
laxhfr cq¼ dh f'k{kkvksa (lqÙk) vkSj f'k";ksa ds fy;s fu;eksa O;k[;k%
dks lajf{kr djus ds mís'; ls vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA bl
LFky unh
ifj"kn ds nkSjku cq¼ dh f'k{kkvksa dks rhu fiVdksa esa foHkkftr
gM+Iik jkoh
fd;k x;k FkkA
eksgutksnM+ks flaèk
çkjaHk esa fliQZ iq#"k gh la?k esa lfEefyr gks ldrs FksA ckn
Hkxokuiqjk ljLorh
esa efgykvksa dks Hkh vuqefr feyhA ckS¼ xzaFkksa ds vuqlkj]
lqRdkxsaMksj nk'd
;g cq¼ ds lcls fç; f'k";ksa esa ls ,d vkuan dh eè;LFkrk
ds ekè;e ls laHko gqvk] ftUgksaus mUgsa efgykvksa dks la?k vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
esa vuqefr nsus ds fy;s jkth fd;kA cq¼ dh miekrk] 32. (b)
egkçtkifr xkSreh la?k esa vkus okyh igyh fHkD•quh O;k[;k% fnYyh lYrur dk dsaæh; ç'kklu%
cuhaA dbZ fL=k;k¡ tks la?k esa vkbZa] os èkEe dh minsf'kdk,¡ lqYrku eaf=k;ksa dk p;u djrk gS vkSj os mldh bPNk ls in
cu xbZaA vkxs pydj os Fksjh cuh ftldk eryc gS ,slh ij cus jgrs gSaA
efgyk,¡ ftUgksaus fuokZ.k çkIr dj fy;k gksA la?k esa ços'k uk;c dk in lcls 'kfDr'kkyh gksrk FkkA uk;c O;kogkfjd
djus okyh dbZ efgyk,¡ èkEe dh f'kf{kdk cu xb± vkSj :i ls lqYrku dh lHkh 'kfDr;ksa dk miHkksx djrk Fkk vkSj
Fksfjl ;k lEekfur efgyk cu xb±] ftUgksaus eqfDr çkIr dh lHkh foHkkxksa ij lkekU; fu;a=k.k j•rk FkkA vr% dFku 1
FkhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 9
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uk;c ds ckn othj dk LFkku FkkA othj ^nhoku&,&fotkjr* 35. (d)
uked foÙk foHkkx dk çeq• FkkA
O;k[;k% fczfV'k daiuh ds vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk daiuh ds nLrd ;k
fnYyh lYrur ds lSU; foHkkx dks ^nhoku&,&vtZ* dgk tkrk
VªsM ijfeV ds nq#i;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i caxky ds uokc
FkkA bldh vè;{krk ^vkfjts&,&eqekfyd* }kjk dh tkrh FkhA
vkSj vaxzs”kksa ds chp fookn gks x;kA
lsuk dk lsukifr lqYrku gksrk FkkA lSU; foHkkx dh LFkkiuk
ehj dkfle (caxky ds uokc)] 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk (voèk
lcls igys cycu us dh Fkh] ftls vykmíhu f•yth us
ds uokc) vkSj 'kkg vkye f}rh; (eqxy lezkV) dh
vkSj csgrj cuk;kA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
la;qDr lsukvksa dks 22 vDrwcj 1764 dks cDlj esa estj gsDVj
vykmíhu f•yth us gqfy;k vkSj nkx ç.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr
equjks ds vèkhu vaxzs”kh lsuk us gjk;kA bl ;q¼ dks cDlj dk
dhA og vius lSfudksa dks udn osru nsus okyk igyk lqYrku
;q¼ dgk tkrk gSA
Hkh FkkA
jkWcVZ Dykbo us vxLr 1765 esa bykgkckn esa nks egÙoiw.kZ
33. (b)
lafèk;k¡ dh] ,d voèk ds uokc ds lkFk vkSj nwljh eqxy
O;k[;k% 8 tqykbZ 2022 dks Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktekxZ çkfèkdj.k lezkV 'kkg vkye f}rh; ds lkFk] bls bykgkckn dh lafèk
(NHAI) ds ifj;kstuk funs'kd us crk;k fd ,fiQy VkWoj ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
dh rtZ ij ç;kxjkt esa xaxk ds fdukjs fjoj vkVZ xSyjh uokc 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk ds lkFk lafèk%
(River Art Gallery) cukbZ tk,xhA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA uokc 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk us bykgkckn vkSj dM+k] lezkV 'kkg
;g ns'k dh bdykSrh ,slh fjoj vkVZ xSyjh gksxh] tgk¡ ns'k&nqfu;k vkye f}rh; dks lkSaius ij lgefr O;Dr dhA vr% dFku
ds i;ZVd dqaHk vkSj ç;kxjkt dh laLÑfr ds jaxksa ls lhèkk 4 lgh gSA
:c: gks ldsaxsA ç;kxjkt ds vykok ukfld] mTtSu vkSj uokc 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk us daiuh dks ;q¼ {kfriwfrZ ds :i
gfj}kj esa Hkh dqaHk dk jax fn•sxkA esa ₹50 yk• nsus ij lgefr O;Dr dhA vr% dFku 1
ç;kxjkt esa ços'k djus ls igys i;ZVd bl nh?kkZ esa vkdj lgh ugha gSA
vkè;kfRed uxjh dh laLÑfr vkSj fojklr ds lkFk&lkFk dyk
uokc 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk cukjl ds tehankj cyoar flag dks
dh Hkh >yd ik ldsaxsA
viuh laifÙk dk iwjk vfèkdkj nsus ds fy;s lger gks
i;ZVd v•kM+ksa ds 'kadjkpk;ks± vkSj ukxk lU;kfl;ksa ds fp=kksa
x,A vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
vkSj mudh HkfDr vkSj lkèkuk ls Hkh ifjfpr gks ldsaxsA
'kkg vkye f}rh; ds lkFk lafèk%
bl fjoj vkVZ xSyjh rd igq¡pus ds fy;s nksuksa rjiQ dSIlwy
'kkg vkye II daiuh ds laj{k.k esa voèk ds uokc }kjk
fyÝV yxkbZ tk,xhA xSyjh ds nwljh rjiQ ,d fjokWfYoax jsLVksjsaV
mls lkSais tkus ds fy;s bykgkckn esa jgus gsrq lger gks
cukus dk Hkh çLrko gSA
x;kA vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA
34. (b)
'kkg vkye f}rh; ₹26 yk• ds okf"kZd Hkqxrku ds ,ot
O;k[;k% tqykbZ 2022 esa] mÙkj çns'k dSfcusV us jkT; dks 1 fVªfy;u esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh dks caxky] fcgkj vkSj mM+hlk dh
MkWyj dh vFkZO;oLFkk cukus ds y{; dks çkIr djus ds fy;s nhokuh nsus dk iQjeku tkjh djus ij lger gks x;kA
MsykWbV Vp rksgekRlq bafM;k dks ,d lykgdkj ds :i 'kkg vkye f}rh; us mDr çkarksa ds futker dk;ks± (lSU;
esa fu;qDr fd;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA j{kk] iqfyl vkSj U;k; ç'kklu) ds cnys esa daiuh dks ₹53
;g dne o"kZ 2024&25 rd Hkkjr dks 5 fVªfy;u yk• ds çkoèkku ij lgefr O;Dr dhA
vFkZO;oLFkk cukus ds çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh ds lius dks lkdkj
36. (b)
djus dh fn'kk esa mBk;k x;k dne FkkA mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us
jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 1 fVªfy;u MkWyj dh vFkZO;oLFkk O;k[;k% fleyk (orZeku f'keyk) dh LFkkiuk xksj[kk ;q¼
cukus dk y{; j•k gSA (1815&16) ds nkSjku dh xbZA vaxzs”k&ejkBk ;q¼ (1818)
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 10
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ds dkj.k vaxzs”kksa dh fnypLih ekmaV vkcw esa cuh tcfd yqyq xzqi dk ;g ik¡pok¡ 'kkWfiax ekWy gSA daiuh ç;kxjkt
nkthZfyax dks o"kZ 1835 esa flfDde ds jktkvksa ls Nhuk vkSj okjk.klh esa u, 'kkWfiax ekWy ij Hkh dk;Z dj jgh gSA
x;k FkkA ;s fgy LVs'ku iQkSft;ksa dks Bgjkus] ljgn dh pkSdlh 38. (b)
djus vkSj nq'eu ds f•ykiQ geyk cksyus ds fy;s egÙoiw.kZ
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.k (ASI) dukZVd ds dycqxhZ f”kys
LFkku FksA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
esa dkukxugYyh (lUufr LFky dk fgLlk) ds ikl Hkhek
Hkkjrh; igkM+ksa dh e`nq vkSj BaMh tyok;q dks iQk;ns dh pht
unh ds rV ij çkphu ckS¼ LFky dk laj{k.k djsxkA vr%
ekuk tkrk Fkk] •klrkSj ls blfy;s dh vaxzs”k xeZ ekSle dks
fodYi (b) lgh gSA
chekfj;k¡ iSnk djus okyk ekurs FksA mUgsa xfeZ;ksa ds dkj.k
laj{k.k ifj;kstuk ds rgr •qnkbZ esa çkIr egk Lrwi ds vo'ks"kksa
gStk vkSj eysfj;k dh lcls ”;knk vk'kadk jgrh FkhA lsuk
dh Hkjh Hkjde ekStwnxh ds dkj.k ;s LFkku igkfM+;ksa esa ,d dks fcuk fdlh vyadj.k ds mudh ewy fLFkfr esa iquLFkkZfir
ubZ rjg dh Nkouh cu x,A fd;k tk,xk vkSj lkFk gh leku vkdkj vkSj cukoV dh
uo&fufeZr b±Vksa dk mi;ksx djds v;kdk IysViQkWeks± (Ayaka
D;ksafd fgy LVs'kuksa dh tyok;q ;wjksi dh BaMh tyok;q
Platforms) ds fxjs gq, fgLlksa dk iqufuZekZ.k djsxhA
ls feyrh tqyrh Fkh blfy;s os u, 'kkldksa ds fy;s
vkd"kZd xarO; cu x,A ok;ljk; vius iwjs veys ds lkFk mR•uu ds fu"d"kZ%
gj lky xfeZ;ksa esa fgy LVs'kuksa ij gh Msjk Mky fy;k djrs FksA v'kksd ds f'kykys•%
o"kZ 1864 esa ok;ljk; tkWu ykWjsal us vfèkÑr :i ls v'kksd ds f'kykys•ksa ds lkFk&lkFk iRFkjksa vkSj xqiQkvksa
viuh dkmafly f'keyk esa LFkkukarfjr dj nh vkSj bl dh nhokjksa ij rhl ls vfèkd f'kykys•ksa dk laxzg gS] ekS;Z
rjg xeZ ekSle esa jktèkkfu;k¡ cnyus ds flyflys ij lkezkT; ds lezkV v'kksd us budk fuekZ.k djok;k Fkk]
fojke yxk fn;kA f'keyk Hkkjrh; lsuk ds dekaMj bu phiQ ftUgksaus 268 bZlk iwoZ ls 232 bZlk iwoZ rd 'kklu fd;k FkkA
(çèkku lsukifr) dk Hkh vfèkÑr vkokl cu x;kA vr% dFku egk Lrwi%
2 lgh gSA ,d egk Lrwi dh •kst dh xbZ Fkh ftls f'kykys•ksa esa
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 11
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
gSA dqN nku jktkvksa ds }kjk fn;s x, Fks (tSls lkrokgu oa'k bls flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk ds lcls iwohZ LFky ds :i esa Hkh
ds jktk)] rks dqN nku f'kYidkjksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dh Jsf.k;ksa tkuk tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
}kjk fn;s x,A mnkgj.k ds fy;s] lk¡ph ds ,d rksj.k }kj dk bl LFky ij ,d NksVs VsjkdksVk eudk tSlh lajpuk feyh gS]
fgLlk gkFkh nk¡r dk dke djus okys f'kYidkjksa ds nku ls ftl ij lksus dk ysi yxk gqvk gS vkSj diM+s ds lk{; feys gSaA
cuk;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA ;gk¡ f=kHkqt] eksj vkSj fxygjh dh Nki okys crZu Hkh feys gSaA
lSdM+ksa efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa us nku ds vfHkys•ksa esa viuk uke
42. (a)
crk;k gSA dHkh&dHkh os vius xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk uke crkrs gSa
vkSj dHkh&dHkh viuk is'kk vkSj fj'rsnkjksa ds uke Hkh crkrs O;k[;k% fiQjkst 'kkg rqxyd (1351-1388 bZLoh)%
gSaA bu bekjrksa dks cukus esa fHkD•qvksa vkSj fHkD•qfu;ksa us Hkh fiQjkst 'kkg rqxyd] rqxyd oa'k ds egÙoiw.kZ 'kkldksa esa ls
nku fn;kA ,d FkkA
40. (c) mlus •ku&,&tgk¡ edcwy] tksfd ,d rsyqxw czkã.k Fkk dks
othj (çèkkuea=kh) ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;kA othj us lqYrku
O;k[;k% dqrqcqíhu ,scd (1206&10)
dks mlds ç'kklu esa enn dh vkSj bl vofèk ds nkSjku lYrur
dqrqcqíhu ,scd xqyke oa'k dk laLFkkid FkkA og eqgEen xksjh
dk rqdhZ xqyke Fkk] ftlus rjkbu dh yM+kbZ ds ckn Hkkjr esa dh çfr"Bk dks cuk, j•kA
rqdhZ lYrur ds foLrkj esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ vkSj mls vius in xzg.k ds ckn fiQjkst dks fnYyh lYrur ds fo?kVu
xksjh dh Hkkjrh; laifÙk dk xouZj cuk;k x;kA vr% fodYi dks jksdus dh leL;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA nDdu vkSj nf{k.k
(c) lgh gSA Hkkjr ij vius vfèkdkj dks iqu% LFkkfir djus ds ctk;] mlus
mÙkj Hkkjr ij vius vfèkdkj dks lqjf{kr j•us dk ç;kl fd;k
vkjke'kkg (1210)
dqrqcqíhu ,scd dk iq=k] tks vius firk dk mÙkjkfèkdkjh Fkk]
x;kA
ysfdu ,d v{ke 'kkld Fkk] rqdhZ ds vehjksa us mldk fojksèk mUgksaus caxky esa nks vliQy vfHk;kuksa dk usr`Ro fd;k] ftlds
fd;kA mlus dsoy vkB eghus 'kklu fd;kA ifj.kkeLo:i] og fnYyh lYrur ds fu;a=k.k ls eqDr gks x,A
fiQjkst us tktuxj (vkèkqfud mM+hlk) ds f•ykiQ ,d vfHk;ku
bYrqrfe'k (1210-1236)
Hkkjr esa rqdhZ 'kklu dk okLrfod 'kkld FkkA og byckjh
dk usr`Ro fd;kA og iqjh txUukFk eafnj tSls eafnjksa ls çkIr
tutkfr ds Fks vkSj blfy;s muds oa'k dks byckjh oa'k ds uke èku&laink dks ywVdj okil ykSVkA mlus uxjdksV ds f•ykiQ
ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA vfHk;ku fd;k vkSj mlds 'kkld dks 'kqYd nsus ds fy;s ckè;
fd;kA
#duqíhu fiQjkst 'kkg (1236)
bl vfHk;ku ds nkSjku] lqYrku us Tokykeq•h eafnj ds iqLrdky;
bYrqrfe'k dk T;s"B iq=k ftls vehjksa us xíh ij fcBk;k FkkA
mlus fnYyh esa gkfFk;ksa ij lokj gksdj lksuk ck¡Vk vkSj ljdkj ls 1300 laLÑr ikaMqfyfi;k¡ ,d=k dh vkSj vfjtqíhu •ku
dks 'kkg rqdkZu (ewy :i ls rqdhZ ukSdjkuh) }kjk fu;af=kr fd;k ^nykby&,&fiQjkst'kkgh* }kjk mudk iQkjlh esa vuqokn
tkrk FkkA tc eqYrku ds xouZj us foæksg fd;k rks #duqíhu us djok;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
ml foæksg dks nckus ds fy;s dwp fd;kA bl volj dk mi;ksx 43. (d)
djrs gq,] jft;k us fnYyh ds vehjksa ds leFkZu ls] fnYyh
O;k[;k% gky gh esa mÙkj&eè; jsyos (NCR) dk ç;kxjkt fMohtu
lYrur ds flagklu ij dC”kk dj fy;kA fiQjkst 'kkg vkSj
ns'k dk igyk ,slk fMohtu cu x;k gS] tgk¡ lapkfyr
'kkg rqdkZu nksuksa dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k x;kA
338 esy&,Dlçsl Vªsuksa esa 272 dh vfèkdre LihM vc
41. (d)
130 fdeh- çfr ?kaVk gks xbZ gSA ;g vk¡dM+k Hkkjrh; jsy ds
O;k[;k% vkyexhjiqj% lHkh 68 jsy fMohtuksa esa lokZfèkd gSA vr% fodYi (d)
vkyexhjiqj mÙkj çns'k ds esjB f”kys esa fLFkr gSA lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 12
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
jsyos vfèkdkfj;ksa dk nkok gS fd o"kZ 2025 esa gksus okys dqaHk f}rh; vkaXy&ejkBk 1- is'kok ds lkFk csflu dh lafèk
esys ls igys ç;kxjkt eaMy esa pyus okyh lHkh Vªsuksa dh ;q¼ (1803-05) (1802)
LihM 160 fdyksehVj çfr ?kaVk gks tk,xhA
2- Hkksalys ds lkFk nsoxk¡o dh lafèk]
dksfoM dh igyh ygj ds nkSjku ykWdMkmu esa ;k=kh Vªsuksa ds 1803
can gksus ls mÙkj&eè; jsyos (NCR) ds rhuksa fMohtuksa esa
cqfu;knh <k¡ps esa lqèkkj dk dk;Z fd;k x;kA 3- flafèk;k ds lkFk lqthZ&vatuxk¡o dh
lafèk] 1803
ç;kxjkt eaMy ds lkFk&lkFk NCR tksu esa pyus okyh 520
esy&,Dlçsl Vªsuksa dh vfèkdre xfr 130 fdeh- çfr ?kaVs 4. 1806 esa gksydj ds lkFk jktiqj?kkV
rd igq¡p xbZ gSA foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 dh igyh frekgh esa dh lafèk
14 vkSj Vªsuksa dh vfèkdre xfr 130 fdeh- çfr ?kaVk gks r`rh; vkaXy&ejkBk 1- twu 1817 esa is'kok ds lkFk iwuk
xbZ gSA ;q¼ (1817-19) dh lafèkA
ç;kxjkt fMohtu esa xkft;kckn ls iafMr nhu n;ky mikè;k; 2- uoacj 1817 esa flafèk;k ds lkFk
LVs'ku rd Vªsu dks çfr ?kaVs dh jÝrkj ls pykus ds fy;s jsyos Xokfy;j dh lafèkA
VªSd ds nksuksa rjiQ nhokj cukbZ tk,xh ;g nhokj Hkh o"kZ 3- tuojh 1818 esa gksYdj ds lkFk
2024 rd iwjh rjg cudj rS;kj gks tk,xhA eanlkSj dh lafèkA
44. (c) vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% oSf'od ÅtkZ iqjLdkj] 2022 dkSf'kd jkt'ks•j dks 46. (a)
fn;k x;kA ;g ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa okyk lokZsPp iqjLdkj gSA vr%
O;k[;k%
fodYi (c) lgh gSA
og mu igys bathfu;jksa esa ls ,d Fks] ftUgksaus çkS|ksfxdh ds 1915 nf{k.k vÚhdk ls egkRek xkaèkh dk iquçZokl
O;kid :i ls Kkr gksus ls cgqr igys gh ,d bysDVªkWfud 1917 paikj.k vkanksyu
okgu dh ladYiuk vkSj fuekZ.k ij dke fd;k FkkA 1918 •sM+k (xqtjkr) esa fdlku vkanksyu vkSj etnwj vkanksyu
áwLVu fo'ofo|ky; esa bathfu;fjax foHkkx esa Hkkjrh; ewy 1919 jkWysV lR;kxzg (ekpZ&vçSy)
ds çksiQslj gSA 1921 vlg;ksx vkSj f•ykiQr vkanksyu
43 ns'kksa ds fjdkWMZ 119 ukekadu esa ls dsoy rhu yksxksa dks
1928 ckjnksyh esa fdlku vkanksyu
;g lEeku fn;k x;kA
1929 ^^iw.kZ Lojkt** dks ykgkSj vfèkos'ku esa dkWUxzsl ds y{;
foDVj vksjykso] lsaVj iQkWj buksosfVo VsDuksykWtht (:l esa
ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k
jkslkVkWe) ds eq[; fo'ks"kK vkSj FkekZUs ;wfDy;j HkkSfrdh esa vxz.kh_
1930 lfou; voKk vkanksyu_ nkaMh ekpZ (ekpZ&vçSy)
vkSj edkZSjh dukfRtfMl] ukWFkZosLVuZ ;wfuoflZVh esa jlk;u foKku
vkSj lkexzh foKku ds çksiQslj vkSj ,jxksu us'kuy yscksjsVªh ds 1931 xkaèkh&bjfou le>kSrk (ekpZ)
ofj"B 'kksèkdrkZ vU; çkIrdrkZvksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey gSaA 1931 nwljk xksyest lEesyu (fnlacj)
45. (c) 1935 xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV çfrfufèk ljdkj dks lqfuf'pr
djrk gSA
O;k[;k% lokZsPprk gsrq vkaXy&ejkBk la?k"kZ%
1939 dkWUxzsl eaf=keaMy dk bLrhiQk
;q¼ lafèk@fooj.k 1942 Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr (vxLr)
çFke vkaXy&ejkBk 1- lwjr dh lafèk (1775) 1946 lkaçnkf;d fgalk jksdus ds fy;s egkRek xkaèkh us uksvk•kyh
;q¼ (1775-82) 2- iqjanj dh lafèk (1776) vkSj vU; naxk çHkkfor bykdksa dk nkSjk fd;kA
3- lkyckbZ dh lafèk (1782) vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 13
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
47. (a) 49. (d)
O;k[;k% Hkkjr uokpkj lwpdkad 2021% O;k[;k% çkphu Hkkjrh; lekt esa] iq=kksa dks fir`oa'k dh fujarjrk dks
uhfr vk;ksx }kjk 21 tqykbZ] 2022 dks tkjh Hkkjr uokpkj cuk, j•us gsrq egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk Fkk tcfd csfV;ksa dk ?kjsyw
lwpdkad 2021 esa 17 çeq• jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa mÙkj çns'k lalkèkuksa ij dksbZ nkok ;k vfèkdkj ugha FkkA
dks 7ok¡ LFkku çkIr gqvk gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA vius xks=k ls ckgj mudk fookg dj nsuk gh visf{kr FkkA
;g uhfr vk;ksx ds Hkkjr uokpkj lwpdkad dk rhljk laLdj.k xks=k ç.kkyh ds fu;eksa ds }kjk bls lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k
FkkA bl lwpdkad esa jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dks muds gSA fookg ds i'pkr~ fL=k;ksa dks firk ds LFkku ij ifr ds xks=k
çn'kZu dh çHkkoh rqyuk djus ds fy;s 17 çeq• jkT;ksa] dk ekuk tkrk Fkk rFkk ,d gh xks=k ds lnL; vkil esa fookg
10 iwokZsÙkj vkSj igkM+h jkT;ksa rFkk 9 dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa o lacaèk ugha j• ldrs FksA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
'kgj&jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k FkkA ^mfpr* le; vkSj ^mfpr* O;fDr ls iq=kh ds fookg ds fu;e
17 çeq• jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa dukZVd 18.01 vadksa ds lkFk us bl fo'okl dks tUe fn;k fd dU;knku vFkkZr~ fookg esa
'kh"kZ LFkku ij gS] tcfd rsyaxkuk (17.66 vad) nwljs vkSj dU;k dh HksaV firk dk egÙoiw.kZ èkkfeZd dÙkZO; FkkA
gfj;k.kk (16.35 vad) rhljs LFkku ij gSA yxHkx 500 bZ-iw- ls bu ekunaMksa dk ladyu èkeZl=w k o èkeZ'kkL=k
çeq• jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa mÙkj çns'k 14.22 vadksa ds lkFk uked laLÑr xzaFkksa esa fd;k x;kA blesa lcls egÙoiw.kZ euqLe`fr
7osa] vksfM'kk 11.42 vadksa ds lkFk 16osa vkSj NÙkhlx<+ Fkh ftldk ladyu yxHkx 200 bZ-iw- ls 200 bZloh ds chp
10.97 vadksa ds lkFk 17osa (vafre) LFkku ij gSA gqvkA
ef.kiqj 19.37 vadksa ds lkFk mÙkj&iwohZ vkSj igkM+h jkT;ksa bu xzaFkksa ds czkã.k ys•dksa us nkok fd;k fd muds n`f"Vdks.k
dh Js.kh esa lcls Åij gSA mÙkjk•aM (17.67 vad) bl dh lkoZHkkSfed oSèkrk Fkh vkSj mUgksaus tks fuèkkZfjr fd;k Fkk]
Js.kh esa nwljs LFkku ij gS] tcfd uxkySaM (11.00 vad) mldk ikyu lHkh dks djuk FkkA gkyk¡fd lekt ds dqN
lcls uhps gSA oxZ] tks czkã.koknh ekunaMksa ds f•ykiQ Fks] us bu fu;eksa
dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa vkSj 'kgj&jkT;ksa dh Js.kh esa paMhx<+ dh mis{kk dhA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
(27.88 vad) dks 'kh"kZ LFkku feyk gS] tcfd yík• (5.91 èkeZlw=k vkSj èkeZ'kkL=kksa us fookg ds vkB izdkjksa dks ekU;rk nh]
vad) dks vafre LFkku feyk gSA ftuesa ls vkèkksa dh fuank dh xbZA
;g uokpkj lwpdkad oSf'od uokpkj lwpdkad dh rtZ ij 50. (c)
rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA igyk vkSj nwljk uokpkj lwpdkad
O;k[;k%
Øe'k% vDrwcj 2019 vkSj tuojh 2021 esa tkjh fd;k
x;k FkkA vfèkdkjh ls lacafèkr
48. (a) ljk; vny diM+k vkSj fdjkuk ck”kkj
'kkguk&,&eaMh ck”kkjèkh{kd
O;k[;k% 94 o"khZ; Hkxokuh nsoh us
cjhn •qfiQ;k vfèkdkjh
fiQuySaM ds VkEijs esa oYMZ
eqfUg;k xqIr tklwl
ekLVlZ ,FkysfVDl
pSafi;uf'ki&2022 esa 100 vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
ehVj fLçaV esa Hkkjr ds fy;s 51. (d)
Lo.kZ ind thrdj bfrgkl jp fn;k gSA vr% fodYi (a) O;k[;k%
lgh gSA
mUgksaus Lo.kZ thrus ds fy;s 24.74 lsdaM esa 100 ehVj nkSM+
iqjkrkfRod LFky f”kyk
yxkbZA vkyexhjiqj esjB
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 14
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
cM+kxk¡o lgkjuiqj bl ;kstuk dks ykxw djus okyk mÙkj çns'k ns'k dk igyk
jkT; cu x;k gSA mÙkj çns'k ds 22 yk• lsokjr vkSj lsokfuo`Ùk
lukSyh ckxir
ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dks vius fpfdRlk •pZ dk Hkqxrku djus
dkYih tkykSu
ds fy;s vfèkdkfj;ksa ds pDdj ugha yxkus iM+saxsA
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA jkT; ds ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds vykok ljdkj us isa'kujksa vkSj
52. (b) muds vkfJrksa ds fy;s Hkh ;g O;oLFkk 'kq: dh gS] ;kuh yxHkx
75 yk• yksx bl ;kstuk ls ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
O;k[;k% fot;uxj lkezkT;%
fot;uxj lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk gfjgj vkSj cqDdk us dh Fkh] bl ;kstuk ds rgr vk;q"eku ;kstuk ds rgr iathÑr lHkh
tks dkdrh; ds lkear FksA bl vofèk dks pkj vyx&vyx futh vLirkyksa esa jkT; ds deZpkfj;ksa vkSj isa'kujksa ds vykok
jktoa'kksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% laxe] lyqo] rqyqo vkSj muds ifjokjksa dks ik¡p yk• #i, lkykuk rd eqÝr bykt
vjkfonq oa'kA dh lqfoèkk feysxhA
jkT; LokLF; dkMZ ds ekè;e ls vk;q"eku Hkkjr esa iathÑr
nso jk; f}rh; (1422-1446 bZLoh)%
lHkh esfMdy dkWystksa] ljdkjh vLirkyksa vkSj futh vLirkyksa
nsojk; f}rh; dk 'kklu nf{k.k Hkkjr vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls dukZVd
esa jkT; ds deZpkfj;ksa] isa'kujksa vkSj muds vkfJrksa dks fpfdRlk
ds bfrgkl esa Lof.kZe ;qx gSA
lqfoèkk feysxhA
og vius firk ohjk fot; cqDdk jk; ds nks o"kZ dh y?kqvofèk
ds 'kkludky ds ckn bl lkezkT; ds 'kkld cukA mUgksaus 54. (b)
1423 bZLoh esa ,d jktdqekj ds :i esa cgeuh lqYrku ds O;k[;k% 44ok¡ 'krjat vksyafi;kM%
f•ykiQ ;q¼ esa liQyrk gkfly dh] ftlds rgr cgeuh dks varjkZ"Vªh; 'krjat laLFkk] ,iQ-vkbZ-Mh-bZ- us 44osa 'krjat
bZLoh- 1426 esa viuh jktèkkuh dks fcnj esa LFkkukarfjr djus vksyafi;kM esa igyh ckj 'krjat vksyafi;kM e'kky dh LFkkiuk
ds fy;s etcwj gksuk iM+kA dhA 'krjat vksyafi;kM e'kky fjys djus okyk Hkkjr igyk
nso jk; f}rh; us rhu egÙoiw.kZ ;q¼ yM+sA ;s ;q¼ 1427 bZLoh ns'k gSA vr% dFku 4 lgh gSA
esa vksfM'kk ds xtifr ds fo#¼] 1436 bZLoh esa jktk Hkkuqnso 44ok¡ 'krjat vksyafi;kM 29 tqykbZ ls 9 vxLr 2022 rd
prqFkZ ds f•ykiQ dksaMkfoMq esa vkSj jktk dfiysaæ ds f•ykiQ psUubZ] rfeyukMq esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 1
yM+s x,A ckn esa mUgksaus 1441 bZLoh esa jktkegsaæh ds f•ykiQ lgh ugha gSA
;q¼ esa liQyrk gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dhA o"kZ 1927 ls vk;ksftr dh tk jgh bl çfrf"Br çfr;ksfxrk
og laxe oa'k ds lcls egku 'kkld FkkA mlus lsuk esa eqlyekuksa dh estckuh 30 o"kks± ds ckn ,f'k;k esa igyh ckj Hkkjr
dks fu;qDr djus dh çFkk 'kq: dhA mls bEeknh nso jk; dgk esa dh tk jgh gSA 44osa 'krjat vksyafi;kM esa 189 ns'kksa us
tkrk FkkA mlds f'kykys•ksa esa mls xtscrsdkjk xtcsVsdjk (gkFkh Hkkx fy;k] ;g fdlh Hkh 'krjat vksyafi;kM esa lcls cM+h
ds f'kdkjh) dh mikfèk feyh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA Hkkxhnkjh FkhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
nso jk; f}rh; laLÑr ds nks dk;ks± egkuVd lqèkkfufèk vkSj efgyk oxZ esa] ;wØsu us Lo.kZ ind thrk] tkWftZ;k us jtr
cknjk;.k ds czãlw=k ij Hkk"; dk ys•d gSA vkSj Hkkjr us dkaL; ind thrkA vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA
53. (b) 55. (b)
O;k[;k% 21 tqykbZ 2022 dks] mÙkj çns'k ds eq[;ea=kh us ^iafMr O;k[;k% Hkkjr esa ,d lkezkT; fufeZr djus gsrq 1798&1805 rd
nhun;ky mikè;k; jkT; deZpkjh dS'kysl fpfdRlk xouZj tujy ykWMZ osys”kyh }kjk lgk;d lafèk ç.kkyh dks
;kstuk* (Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay State Employees viuk;k x;k FkkA
Cashless Medical Scheme) 'kq: dhA ;g jkT; ds lHkh lgk;d lafèk ç.kkyh ds rgr lg;ksxh Hkkjrh; jkT; ds 'kkld
ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ds fgr esa 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] lHkh dks vius {ks=k ds Hkhrj LFkk;h :i ls ,d fczfV'k lsuk dh
ljdkjh deZpkjh dS'kysl mipkj dh O;oLFkk dk ykHk mBk rSukrh dks Lohdkj djus vkSj blds j•&j•ko gsrq vkfFkZd
ldrs gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA lgk;rk dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy;s ckè; fd;k x;k FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 15
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
osys”kyh dh lgk;d lafèk dks Lohdkj djus okys jkT;
fuEufyf•r gSa%
jkT; lgk;d lafèk ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, o"kZ
gSnjkckn 1798_ 1800
eSlwj 1799
ratkSj vDrwcj 1799
voèk uoacj 1801
is'kok fnlacj 1801
cjkj ds Hkksalys fnlacj 1803
PIVOT fdlh O;fDr esa dSalj mRiUu djus okys thu dh
flafèk;k iQjojh 1804 Hkfo";ok.kh dj ldrk gSA bl Vwy dks O;fDrxr dSalj mipkj
tksèkiqj 1818 j.kuhfr;ksa dks rS;kj djus esa enn ds fy;s fM”kkbu fd;k x;k
t;iqj 1818 gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
epsjh 1818 dSalj%
cw¡nh 1818 dSalj ls rkRi;Z dksf'kdkvksa dh vfu;af=kr o`f¼ ls gS] tks
Hkjriqj 1818 dSalj ls lacafèkr thu esa mRifjorZu@E;wVs'ku ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
thu esa ;s ifjorZu ;k rks oa'kkuqxr ;k vU; dkjdksa tSls rackdw
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA èkweziku] fofdj.k ds laidZ esa vkus ls] jklk;fud tksf•e]
56. (a) ok;jl vkfn ds dkj.k gks ldrs gSaA
O;k[;k% o"kZ 1921 dk ekykckj foæksg] ftls eksiyk (eqfLye) 58. (b)
naxksa ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] fczfV'k 'kkldksa vkSj LFkkuh;
O;k[;k% Hkkjr dk igyk varjkZ"Vªh; cqfy;u ,Dlpsat xkaèkhuxj]
fganw tehankjksa ds f•ykiQ eqfLye dk'rdkjksa dk foæksg
xqtjkr esa çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh }kjk ykWUp fd;k x;kA
FkkA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
çèkkuea=kh us xkaèkhuxj esa varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; lsok dsaæ çkfèkdj.k
;g foæksg 20 vxLr] 1921 dks 'kq: gksdj dbZ eghuksa rd
ds eq[;ky; Hkou dh vkèkkjf'kyk Hkh j•hA vr% fodYi (b)
pykA dqN ,sfrgkfld fooj.kksa esa dgk x;k gS fd bl foæksg
lgh gSA
esa 2,339 foæksfg;ksa lfgr yxHkx 10,000 yksxksa dh tku pyh
varjkZ"Vªh; cqfy;u ,Dlpsat ds mn~?kkVu dk mís'; Hkkjr esa
xbZ FkhA
lksus ds ewY; fuèkkZj.k dks ekudhÑr djuk gSA ;g vkxs NksVs
bls vDlj nf{k.k Hkkjr esa lcls igys gksus okys jk"Vªoknh
cqfy;u Mhyjksa vkSj ToSylZ ds fy;s O;kikj djuk vklku cukuk
foæksgksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA bls fdlku foæksg ds :i
pkgrk gSA
esa Hkh of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr dherh èkkrq dk nwljk lcls cM+k
eksiyk uke ey;kyh Hkk"kh eqlyekuksa dks fn;k x;k gS tks mÙkjh
miHkksDrk gSA Hkkjr us o"kZ 2021 esa 1,069 Vu lksus dk vk;kr
dsjy ds ekykckj rV ij jgrs gSaA
fd;k] tks ,d o"kZ iwoZ 430 Vu FkkA phu lksus dk lcls
57. (c)
cM+k miHkksDrk cuk gqvk gSA
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku eækl ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ^PIVOT* orZeku esa] ,sls ukfer cSad vkSj ,tsafl;k¡ gSa ftUgsa O;kikj djus
uke dk ,d vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal&vkèkkfjr Vwy fodflr ;k lksus dk vk;kr djus vkSj bls Mhyjksa dks cspus ds fy;s
fd;k gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA dsaæh; cSad }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 16
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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59. (d) jk•hx<+h gfj;k.kk ds fglkj f”kys esa fLFkr gSA ;g LFky
?kX?kj&gdjk unh ds eSnku esa fLFkr gSA bl LFky dh •kst
O;k[;k% ckS¼ vkSj tSu xzaFkksa esa lksyg egku jk"Vªksa dk mYys•
lwjtHkku us o"kZ 1969 esa dh FkhA igyh O;ofLFkr •qnkbZ
gS ftUgsa egktuin ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA dbZ va'kksa esa]
o"kZ 1998 esa vejsaæ ukFk ds funZs'ku esa iqjkrRo laLFkku]
çkphu ckS¼ xzaFk vaxqÙkj fudk;] 16 egku jk"Vªksa dh ,d lwph
,-,l-vkbZ- }kjk dh xbZ FkhA vr% dFku 4 lgh gSA
nsrk gS%
dk'kh ofTt (;k o`ft) 62. (a)
O;k[;k% pUgwnM+ks eksgutksnM+ks ls 130 fdeh- nf{k.k iwoZ esa fLFkr gSA cspk tk,] vykmíhu us ck”kkj i;Zos{kdksa vkSj tklwlksa dks fu;qDr
bldh •kst o"kZ 1931 esa ,u-th- etwenkj us dh vkSj bZ-ts- fd;k vkSj muls fooj.k çkIr dhA
,p- eSds }kjk o"kZ 1935&36 esa cM+s iSekus ij mR•uu fd;k dkykck”kkjh dks jksdus ds fy;s] mlds ç'kklu us fdlkuksa vkSj
x;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA O;kikfj;ksa dks vukt dk HkaMkj.k djus ls çfrcafèkr dj fn;k
jaxiqj xqtjkr esa vjc lkxj ds rV ij] if'peh Hkkjr ds vkSj ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr vUu HkaMkjksa dh LFkkiuk dh] tgk¡
lkSjk"Vª {ks=k esa fLFkr gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA ljdkj ds fgLls dk vukt tek fd;k tkrk FkkA
eksgutksnM+ks dks flaèkh Hkk"kk esa ¶e`rdksa dk Vhyk¸ dgk x;k ljdkj us ifjogu deZpkfj;ksa dks ;equk unh ds fdukjs fof'k"V
gSA ;g yjdkuk f”kys] flaèk] ikfdLrku esa flaèkq unh ds nwjh ij xk¡oksa esa HkaMkj.k ds fy;s e”kcwj fd;k rkfd fnYyh esa
nkb± vksj fLFkr gSA vr% dFku 3 lgh gSA vukt dk rsth ls ifjogu fd;k tk ldsA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 17
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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63. (b) bl foæksg esa fganqvksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh leku Hkkxhnkjh FkhA
bls iQdhj foæksg Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k ljdkj çns'k 1 fVªfy;u MkWyj dh vFkZO;oLFkk
lU;klh foæksg esa etuqe 'kkg (;k etuw 'kkg)] fpjkx vyh]
cukus dh fn'kk esa fu;kZr c<+kus ij tksj ns jgh gSA vr%
fodYi (b) lgh gSA ewlk 'kkg] Hkokuh ikBd vkSj nsch pkSèkqjkuh egÙoiw.kZ usrk
o"kZ 2021 esa fu;kZr ₹1.21 yk• djksM+ ls 30 çfr'kr
'kkfey FksA
c<+dj ₹1.56 yk• djksM+ gks x;kA ljdkj dk y{; bl cafde paæ us nsoh pkSèkjkuh uked ,d miU;kl Hkh fy•k
vk¡dM+s dks ₹2 yk• djksM+ djus dk gSA rFkk vaxzs”kksa ds f•ykiQ 'kq#vkrh foæksg esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk
mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us fu;kZr {kerk okys mRiknksa dh igpku dk o.kZu fd;kA
djus dk ç;kl fd;kA jkT; Lrj ij 15 lsDVjksa dk p;u 66. (a)
fd;k x;k gSA ftu mRiknksa dk fu;kZr fd;k x;k gS mu mRiknksa
O;k[;k% jktkjke eksgu jk;%
dh Hkh igpku dh xbZ gSA
jktkjke eksgu jk; if'peh vkèkqfud fopkjksa ls cgqr
gj f”kys esa f”kyk fu;kZr ;kstuk ij dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA
çHkkfor Fks vkSj mUgksaus rdZokn rFkk vkèkqfud oSKkfud
blds lkFk gh Mh,e dh vè;{krk esa f”kyk fu;kZr lfefr;ksa
n`f"Vdks.k ij ”kksj fn;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
dk Hkh xBu fd;k x;k gSA çR;sd ekg ,d cSBd gksxh vkSj
mudk ekuuk Fkk fd èkkfeZd :f<+okfnrk lekt dh fLFkfr dks
foHkkx dks LFkkuh; Lrj ij fu;kZrdksa ds lkeus vkus okyh
lqèkkjus ds ctk; lkekftd thou ds fy;s gkfudkjd vkSj
leL;kvksa ls voxr djk;k tk,xkA
yksxksa ds fy;s ijs'kkuh vkSj tfVyrk dk dkj.k cu xbZ gSA
ifj;kstuk ^,d f”kyk ,d mRikn* (ODOP) fu;kZr esa çeq•
o"kZ 1803 esa çdkf'kr jktkjke eksgu jk; dh igyh
Hkwfedk fuHkkus tk jgh gSA fu;kZr c<+kus ds fy;s mRiknksa dks
çdkf'kr Ñfr rqgiQr&my&eqokfgíhu (,ds'ojokn dk
bZ&dkWelZ IysViQkWeZ ij Hkh miyCèk djk;k tk,xkA
migkj) us jgL;ksn~?kkVu] Hkfo";oDrkvksa] peRdkjksa vkfn esa
mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us fu;kZr dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ^mÙkj
fo'okl ds :i esa fganqvksa ds rdZghu èkkfeZd fo'oklksa vkSj
çns'k ,DliksVZ baÚkLVªDpj MsoyiesaV Ldhe* ds ctV dks
:f<+oknh çFkkvksa dks mtkxj fd;kA thcupfjr (Jeebancharit)]
nksxquk dj fn;k gSA
bZ'oj paæ fo|k lkxj dh jpuk FkhA vr% dFku 2 lgh
64. (a)
ugha gSA
O;k[;k% fo|qr ea=kky; us xksok esa ^mTToy Hkkjr&mTToy Hkfo";* o"kZ 1814 esa bUgksua s ewfrZit
w k] tkfrxr dBksjrk] vFkZghu deZdkaMksa
mRlo@ioZ dk vk;kstu fd;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA vkSj vU; lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ds f•ykiQ vfHk;ku pykus ds
mTtoy Hkkjr] mTToy Hkfo"; & ikoj@2047 ds rgr ns'k Hkj fy;s dydÙkk esa ^vkReh; lHkk* dh LFkkiuk dhA
esa fctyh egksRlo euk;s tk jgs gSaA 25 tqykbZ ls 30 tqykbZ] bUgsa efgykvksa dh eqfDr vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls lrh çFkk ds
2022 ds chp bl volj ds miy{k esa xksok esa fofHkUu mUewyu vkSj foèkok iqufoZokg ij vxz.kh fopkjksa rFkk
dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k A dkjZokbZ ds fy;s tkuk tkrk FkkA vr% dFku 3 lgh gSA
65. (d) bUgksaus cky fookg] efgykvksa dh fuj{kjrk vkSj foèkokvksa
O;k[;k% vkuaneB lU;klh foæksg ij vkèkkfjr cafde paæ dh n;uh; fLFkfr dh fuank dh vkSj efgykvksa ds fy;s fojklr
pV~Vksikè;k; }kjk fyf•r ,d v¼Z&,sfrgkfld miU;kl vkSj laifÙk ds vfèkdkj dh ekax dhA
gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA czã lekt%
lU;klh foæksg (1763-1800)% jktkjke eksgu jk; us o"kZ 1828 esa czã lHkk dh LFkkiuk dh]
o"kZ 1770 ds fouk'kdkjh vdky vkSj vaxzs”kksa dh dBksj ftls ckn esa czã lekt dk uke fn;k x;kA
vkfFkZd O;oLFkk us iwohZ Hkkjr esa lU;kfl;ksa ds ,d lewg bldk eq[; mís'; 'kk'or Hkxoku dh iwtk FkkA ;g deZdkaMksa
dks vaxzs”kksa ls yM+us ds fy;s e”kcwj fd;kA vkSj cfy ds i{k esa ugha FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 18
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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blus çkFkZuk] è;ku djus ds lkFk 'kkL=kksa ds i<+us ij cy 69. (d)
fn;k FkkA ;g lHkh èkeks± dh ,drk esa fo'okl djrk FkkA
O;k[;k% yxHkx 1800 o"kZ igys ,d çfl¼ rfey egkdkO;
;g vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa igyk ckSf¼d lqèkkj vkanksyu FkkA
flyIifndkje dh jpuk bykaxks vkfnXy uked dfo us
blls Hkkjr esa rdZokn vkSj Kkuksn; dk mn; gqvk] ftlus
dhA blesa dksoyu~ uke ds ,d O;kikjh dh dgkuh gSA og
vçR;{k :i ls jk"Vªoknh vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku fn;kA vr% dFku
iqgkj esa jgrk FkkA viuh iRuh dUuxh dh mis{kk dj og ,d
4 lgh gSA
urZdh ekèkoh ls çse djus yxkA ckn esa] og vkSj dUuxh iqgkj
67. (b)
NksM+dj enqjS pys x,A ogk¡ ikaMÔ jktk ds njckjh tkSgjh us
O;k[;k% 1 tuojh 2023 dks ;wjksih; la?k (EU) us Øks,f'k;kbZ dksoyu~ ij pksjh dk >wBk vkjksi yxk;k ftl ij jktk us mls
dquk dh txg ;wjks ,dy eqæk dks viukus ds fy;s Øks,f'k;k çk.knaM ns fn;kA dUuxh tks vHkh Hkh mlls çse djrh Fkh] bl
dks vafre eatwjh ns nh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA vU;k; ds dkj.k nq%• vkSj jks"k ls Hkj xbZA mlus enqjS 'kgj
;wjks eqæk viukus ds ykHk% dk fouk'k dj MkykA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
iqjk.k dk 'kfCnd vFkZ gS çkphuA iqjk.kksa esa fo".kq] f'ko] nqxkZ
27&jk"Vªksa ds laxBu ;wjksih; la?k esa] ;wjks dks viukus ls eqæk
CykWd ds vU; lnL;ksa vkSj ;wjksih; lsaVªy cSad ds ekSfæd ;k ikoZrh tSls nsoh&nsorkvksa ls tqM+h dgkfu;k¡ gSaA buesa bu
çkfèkdj.k ds lkFk xgjs foÙkh; lacaèkksa ls mRiUu gksus okys nsoh&nsorkvksa dh iwtk dh fofèk;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA blds vfrfjDr
vkfFkZd ykHk feyrs gSaA buesa lalkj dh l`f"V rFkk jktkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh dgkfu;k¡ gSaA
cSad us 8.6 çfr'kr dh fjdkWMZ eqækLiQhfr ls fuiVus ds fy;s
vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
bl eghus 11 o"kZ esa igyh ckj C;kt njsa c<+kus dh ;kstuk vfèkdrj iqjk.k ljy laLÑr 'yksd esa fy•s x, gSa] ftlls
cukbZ gSA ;kuh bldk lhèkk&lk eryc ;g gS fd orZeku ;wjks lc mUgsa lqu vkSj le> ldsaA fL=k;k¡ rFkk 'kwæ ftUgsa osn
tksu ds 340 fefy;u fuokfl;ksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh tks Øks,f'k;k i<+us dh vuqefr ugha Fkh os Hkh bls lqu ldrs FksA iqjk.kksa
dk nkSjk djrk gS] mls vc dquk ds fy;s viuh udnh dk dk ikB iqtkjh eafnjksa esa fd;k djrs Fks ftls yksx lquus vkrs FksA
vknku&çnku djus dh vko';drk ugha gksxhA 70. (d)
68. (a) O;k[;k% fldanj yksnh (1489-1517)
O;k[;k% X;kjgoha Ñf"k tux.kuk (2021-22) tqykbZ 2022 esa 'kq: og ,d vPNs ç'kkld FkkA mlds 'kkludky esa fdlkuksa ds
dh xbZ FkhA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA ykHk ds fy;s lM+dsa cukbZ xbZ vkSj dbZ flapkbZ lqfoèkk,¡ çnku
Ñf"k x.kuk gj 5 o"kZ esa vk;ksftr gksrh gSA o"kZ 1970&71 dh xbZA mlus U;k; ij cgqr ”kksj fn;kA mlds 'kklu dky esa
ls dsaæh; Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kh ,d Ñf"k tux.kuk oLrqvksa ds nke cgqr de FksA
;kstuk ykxw dj jgs gSaA tux.kuk dk nlok¡ laLdj.k lanHkZ ,d u;k ekiu iSekuk] ^xt&,&fldanjh* vkSj •krksa dh ys•k
o"kZ 2015&16 ds lkFk vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA ijh{kk dh ,d ç.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dhA dqN ç'kaluh; xq.kksa
vxLr] 2022 esa Ñf"k tux.kuk dk iQhYModZ 'kq: gqvk FkkA ds ckotwn] og ,d dV~Vj Fkk vkSj xSj&eqlyekuksa ds çfr
vfèkdka'k jkT;ksa us viuh Hkwfe dk fMftVyhdj.k dj fy;k gS] cgqr de lfg".kqrk fn•krk FkkA
blfy;s blls Ñf"k tux.kuk ds vk¡dM+ksa ds laxzg esa vkSj rsth mlus dbZ fganw eafnjksa dks u"V dj fn;k vkSj fganqvksa ij dbZ
vk,xhA çfrcaèk yxk fn;sA mlus xSj&eqlyekuksa ij iqu% tft;k yxk;kA
Ñf"k tux.kuk vis{kkÑr NksVs Lrj ij fofHkUu çdkj ds Ñf"k og vehjksa dh rqyuk esa lqYrku dh Js"B fLFkfr esa fo'okl
ekinaMksa dh tkudkjh dk eq[; lzksr gS] tSls fd ifjpkyu tksr djrk FkkA mlus vehjksa vkSj vehjksa dks njckj ds vanj vkSj
dh la[;k vkSj {ks=k] mudk vkdkj] oxZ&okj forj.k] Hkwfe ckgj lqYrku ds çfr vkSipkfjd lEeku fn•kus ds fy;s etcwj
mi;ksx] dk'rdkjh vkSj iQly iSVuZ] vkfnA ,slk igyh ckj gS fd;k vkSj muds lkFk dBksj O;ogkj fd;kA
fd Ñf"k tux.kuk ds fy;s MsVk laxgz LekVZ iQksu vkSj VScysV mlus 1504 esa vkxjk dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj ^xqy#•h* uke
ij fd;k tk,xk] rkfd tux.kuk MsVk le; ij miyCèk gks ldsA ls iQkjlh Nan fy•sA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 19
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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71. (c) dkfyatj fdyk 542 gsDVs;j ds fo'kky {ks=k esa fLFkr gSA
jkT; ljdkj us futh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk ykbV ,aM lkmaM 'kks]
O;k[;k% ½Xosn% dSafiax] Vªsfdax] jkWd&Dykbafcax vkSj eq•kSVk çdk'k O;oLFkk dh
½Xosn esa 10 eaMy] 1028 lwDr vkSj 10552 'yksd (½pk) gSAa
O;oLFkk djus ds fy;s dgkA
rhljs eaMy esa xk;=kh ea=k dk mYys• gSA bls fo'okfe=k us jkT; ljdkj us th.kZ&'kh.kZ fLFkfr esa vk pqds fdyksa dks
fy•k FkkA ;g Hkxoku lw;Z (lw;Z) dks lefiZr gSA vr% fodYi iquthZfor djus vkSj rkycsgV nqxZ ,oa c#vk lkxj ljksoj
(c) lgh gSA esa fLFkr ljksoj ds fy;s ty ØhM+k ,oa lkgfld i;ZVu
çkjafHkd eaMy vFkkZr~ 2 ls 7 dks ikfjokfjd fdrkcsa dgk tkrk xfrfofèk;ksa dks 'kq: djus dh ;kstuk cukus ds funZs'k fn;sA
gS D;ksafd mUgsa larksa@½f"k;ksa ds fo'ks"k ifjokjksa ls lacafèkr gSA ljdkj us vfèkdkfj;ksa ls cgkyh dk;Z ds fy;s lkoZtfud&futh
vkBok¡ eaMy& ;g vfèkdka'kr% d.o ifjokj ls lacafèkr gSA Hkkxhnkjh (ih-ih-ih-) iQafMax ekWMy ds funZs'k fn;sA
ukSok¡ eaMy& ;g lksek lwDrksa dk ladyu gSA 74. (c)
igyk vkSj nlok¡ eaMy& ;s ckn ds tksM+ gSa vkSj blesa iq#"k
O;k[;k% ækSinh eqeZw%
lwDr 'kkfey gS tks pkj o.kks± dh O;k[;k djrk gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn 52 Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dk çkoèkku
½Xosn ls lacafèkr iqtkjh dksf=k ;k eksf=k gSa vkSj ½Xosn dk djrk gSA
miosn vk;qoZsn gSA Jherh ækSinh eqeZw igyh vkfnoklh efgyk jk"Vªifr vkSj
½Xosn dk ,dek=k thfor ikB 'kkdy 'kk•k gSA Hkkjr dh 15oha jk"Vªifr cuhA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
½Xosn lcls çkjafHkd jpuk gS vkSj blfy;s ;g Hkkjr esa çkjafHkd mUgksaus foi{k ds mEehnokj Jh ;'koar flUgk dks gjk;k vkSj
oSfnd yksxksa ds thou dks n'kkZrk gSA dqy ernku dk 64.03 çfr'kr oksV gkfly fd;kA vr%
72. (a) dFku 2 lgh gSA
Jherh çfrHkk ikfVy ds ckn Jherh ækSinh eqeZw ns'k esa
O;k[;k% lokZsPp laoSèkkfud in èkkj.k djus okyh nwljh efgyk cu
iqLrd ys•d xbZ gSA Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;kèkh'k ,u-oh- je.kk us 25 tqykbZ]
fdrkc&my&jsgyk bCucrwrk 2022 dks mUgsa 'kiFk fnykbZA
rqxyd&ukek vkfej •qljks o"kZ 1947 esa ns'k dh vktknh ds ckn ls] Hkkjr esa 15
'kkg ukek fiQjnkSlh vyx&vyx jk"Vªifr pquko gq;s gSaA thrus okys mEehnokj
rgdhd&,&fgan vyc#uh dk oksV 'ks;j o"kZ 1957, o"kZ 1962 vkSj o"kZ 1997 esa
dsoy rhu ckj 90 çfr'kr ls Åij jgkA
ppukek vcq cdj
iQrok&,&tgkankjh ft;kmíhu cjuh 75. (a)
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 20
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vaxzs”kksa }kjk ekaxksa esa o`f¼ vkSj vkfFkZd vHkko ds f•ykiQ o"kZ 77. (d)
1776 esa pqvkM+ vkfnoklh tutkfr iq#"kksa }kjk pqvkM+
O;k[;k% Vkbe if=kdk }kjk
foæksg gqvkA
lS j &likVs ds fy;s
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
¶ 2022 ds fo'o ds
76. (b) egkure LFkkuks a ¸ dh
O;k[;k% lrukeh vkanksyu% eè; Hkkjr esa lrukeh vkanksyu dh lwph esa 50 vlkèkkj.k LFkyksa ds chp dsjy vkSj vgenkckn
'kq#vkr ?kklhnkl us dh FkhA bUgksaus peM+s ds dke esa layXu dks lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA ;s nksuksa LFkku ns'k vkSj fons'k
yksxksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ds fy;s ,d vkanksyu dh nksuksa ls cM+h la[;k esa i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA vr%
'kq#vkr dhA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA fodYi (d) lgh gSA
iwohZ caxky esa] gfjnkl Bkdqj ds eVqvk lekt us pkaMky tcfd nf{k.kh jkT; vius leqæ rVksa vkSj cSdokVj ds fy;s
dk'rdkjksa ds fy;s dke fd;kA çfl¼ gS] i;ZVd vgenkckn esa lkcjerh fjojÚaV vkSj xkaèkh
vkJe dk nkSjk djrs gSaA
bu lHkh lektksa dh LFkkiuk mu usrkvksa us dh Fkh tks
Vkbe if=kdk us dsjy vkSj vgenkckn ds fy;s çksiQkby
xSj&czkã.k tkfr;ksa ls vkrs Fks vkSj muds fy;s dke djrs
FksA mUgksaus mu O;oLFkkvksa vkSj çFkkvksa dks cnyus dh dksf'k'k ist cuk, gSa tgk¡ blus mu dkj.kksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gS fd
dh tks mPp tkfr;ksa ds opZLo dks cy nsrh FkhaA bUgksaus fuEu D;ksa ;s LFkku bldh çfrf"Br lwph dk fgLlk gSaA
ekuh tkus okyh tkfr;ksa esa vkRe&lEeku dh Hkkouk iSnk djus 78. (b)
dk ç;kl fd;kA O;k[;k% xHkZ dk fpfdRldh; lekiu vfèkfu;e%
lR;'kksèkd lekt% xHkZ dk fpfdRldh; lekiu vfèkfu;e dss nk;js dk foLrkj
T;ksfrck iQqys us mPp tkfr ds opZLo vkSj czkã.koknh djus ds fy;s o"kZ 2021 esa bl vfèkfu;e esa la'kksèku fd;k
opZ L o ds f•ykiQ ,d 'kfDr'kkyh vka n ks y u dh x;k FkkA u, la'kksèku ds nk;js esa fookfgr vkSj vfookfgr
'kq#vkr dhA efgykvks¡ nksuksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA bl vfèkfu;e
bUgksaus 1873 esa lR;'kksèkd lekt (lR; dh •kst djus ds rgr] xHkkZoLFkk dks 20 lIrkg rd lekIr fd;k tk
okys lekt) dh LFkkiuk dhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA ldrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
bl vkanksyu ds eq[; mís';% bl vfèkfu;e ds rgr] Hkzw.k vlkekU;rkvksa ds ekeys esa 24
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 21
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mYys•uh; fu.kZ; esa vfookfgr efgykvksa dks 'kkfey djus ds ifjfLFkfr ns•us dks feyrh gSA tSls 'kwæd ds ukVd
fy;s esfMdy VfeZus'ku vkWiQ çsXusalh ,DV ds nk;js dk foLrkj e`PNdfVde~ (yxHkx pkSFkh 'krkCnh bZloh) esa uk;d pk#nÙk
fd;k gS vkSj ,d 25 o"khZ; efgyk dks lgefr ls cuk, x, dks czkã.k&of.kd crk;k x;k gSA ik¡poha 'krkCnh bZloh ds ,d
lacaèk ls mRiUu 24 lIrkg dh xHkkZoLFkk dk xHkZikr djus dh vfHkys• esa nks Hkkb;ksa dks {kf=k;&of.kd dgk x;k gS] ftUgksaus
vuqefr nh gSA blus xHkZikr ds nk;js dks 24 lIrkg dh xHkkZoLFkk ,d eafnj ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s èku fn;kA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
rd c<+k fn;kA vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA 81. (b)
79. (b)
O;k[;k%
O;k[;k% laxe dky%
½xoSfnd dky vFkZ
rksYdkfIi;e dks rfey lkfgfR;d Ñfr esa lcls iqjkuk
ekuk tkrk gS] ftlesa 3 Hkkx gSaA O;kdj.k ls lacafèkr ,d r{k c<+bZ
xzaFk gksus ds lkFk blesa ml le; dh jktuhfrd vkSj dekZ èkkrqdehZ
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa dh tkudkjh Hkh feyrh gSA vr% osdukV lkgwdkj
dFku 1 lgh gSA
vfj=kh ukfod
igys nks Hkkx çkphu rfey Hkk"kk foKku tSls fd 'kCnkoyh]
Loj foKku] vkÑfr foKku vkSj okD; jpuk ls lacafèkr gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
rhljk •aM Nan] vyadkj] dkO;] 'kSfy;ksa] fo"k;ksa (Themes)] 82. (a)
O;ogkj lafgrkvksa] dkO; 'kSyh vkfn ls lacafèkr gSA iwjs
O;k[;k% vdcj (1556-1605 bZLoh-)%
rksydkfIi;e esa 1612 dfV~Vjke gSa ftUgsa ,d vFkZ esa laLÑr
mls eqxy oa'k ds egku jktkvksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA gqek;w¡
lw=k ds vuq:i dgk tk ldrk gSA
dh e`R;q ds ckn dsoy 13 o"kZ dh vk;q esa og eqxy oa'k dk
efgykvksa dks lEeku fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj mUgsa ckSf¼d xfrfofèk;ksa
'kkld cuk;k x;k FkkA
dh vuqefr FkhA vOoS;kj] uPpsfy;j vkSj dkdbZikfMU;kj
jktiwrksa ds lkFk vdcj dk xBcaèku jktuhfrd xBcaèku ds
tSlh efgyk dfo;ksa us rfey lkfgR; ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku
:i esa 'kq: gqvk ysfdu ckn esa fganqvksa vkSj eqlyekuksa ds chp
fn;kA
?kfu"B lacaèkksa ds ekè;e ds :i esa fodflr gqvkA
efgykvksa dks viuk thou lkFkh pquus dh vuqefr Fkh
vdcj] jktiwr jkT;ksa ds egÙo ls iwjh rjg okfdiQ Fkk vkSj
ysfdu foèkokvksa dk thou n;uh; FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
,d cM+s lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dh viuh egRokdka{kk esa mUgsa
lekt ds mPp oxZ esa Hkh lrh izFkk ds izpfyr gksus dk mYys[k
lg;ksxh ds :i esa 'kkfey djus dh bPNk j•rk FkkA mlus
fd;k x;k gSA
tgk¡ Hkh laHko gks jktiwrksa ij thr gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k
80. (b) dh vkSj mUgsa eqxy lsok esa 'kkfey fd;kA mUgksaus jktiwr 'kkldksa
O;k[;k% 'kd] tks eè; ,f'k;k ls Hkkjr vk,] czkã.k eysPN] ds lkFk oSokfgd lacaèk LFkkfir fd;sA vr% vfHkdFku (A)
ccZj vFkok vU;ns'kh; ekurs FksA fdarq laLÑr ds laHkor% lgh gSA
vkjafHkd vfHkys•ksa esa ls ,d esa çfl¼ 'kd jktk #ænkeu vkesj ds jktk Hkkjey us viuh lcls cM+h csVh tksèkkckbZ dk
(yxHkx nwljh 'krkCnh bZloh) }kjk lqn'kZu >hy ds th.kkZs¼kj fookg vdcj ls dj fn;kA vdcj us chdkusj vkSj tSlyesj
dk o.kZu feyrk gSA blls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd 'kfDr'kkyh jktiwr jktdqekfj;ksa ls Hkh fookg fd;kA
eysPN laLÑrh; ifjikVh ls voxr FksA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA vdcj jktiwr uhfr dh lcls mYys•uh; miyfCèk;ksa esa ls
laLÑr xzaFk vkSj vfHkys•ksa esa O;kikfj;ksa ds fy;s of.kd ,d ;g Fkh fd jktiwr vkSj eqxyksa ds chp dksbZ 'k=kqrk ugha
'kCn ç;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA gkyk¡fd 'kkL=kksa esa O;kikj dks FkhA vdcj dh jktiwr uhfr O;kid èkkfeZd lfg".kqrk ls
oS';ksa dh thfodk crk;k tkrk gS vU; lzksrksa esa vfèkd tfVy tqM+h FkhA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 22
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mlus rhFkZ;k=kk dj vkSj ckn esa tft;k dj dks lekIr dj vle ds tksjgkV iEi LVs'ku esa vkW;y bafM;k fyfeVsM
fn;kA mlus ;q¼ cafn;ksa ds tcju èkek±rj.k ij Hkh jksd yxk (OIL) }kjk Hkkjr dk igyk 'kq¼ gfjr gkbMªkstu la;a=k
nhA vdcj dh èkkfeZd lfg".kqrk ds dkj.k gh jktiwr 'kkldksa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
ds lkFk oSokfgd lacaèk cus jgsA 85. (a)
83. (c)
O;k[;k% jksfgy•aM ds iwoZ 'kkld ds oa'kt •ku cgknqj us cjsyh
O;k[;k% 27 tqykbZ 2022 dks dsaæh; x`g jkT;ea=kh us yksdlHkk esa esa 1857 ds foæksg dk usr`Ùo fd;k FkkA og vaxzs”kksa }kjk nh
crk;k fd mÙkj çns'k esa fiNys nks o"kks± esa lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj tk jgh isa'ku ls •q'k ugha Fkk] blfy;s mlus 40,000 lSfudksa
dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa fgjklr esa lcls ”;knk ekSrsa gqbZ gSaA dh ,d lsuk laxfBr dh vkSj vaxzs”kksa dk dM+k fojksèk fd;kA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
o"kZ 2020&21 esa mÙkj çns'k esa iqfyl fgjklr esa 451 ekSrsa
fuEufyf•r rkfydk esa 1857 ds foæksg ds dqN vU;
ntZ dh xbZ] tcfd o"kZ 2021&22 esa ;g la[;k c<+dj 501 usrkvksa vkSj lacafèkr LFkkuksa dk mYys• gS%
gks xbZA o"kZ 2020&22 ds nkSjku mÙkj çns'k esa 955 ekSrsa
fgjklr esa gqbZA foæksg dk dsaæ usr`ÙodÙkkZ
ljdkjh vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa fgjklr esa gksus okyh ekSrksa fnYyh tujy c[r •ku
dh dqy la[;k o"kZ 2020&21 esa 1,940 ls c<+dj o"kZ 2021&22 dkuiqj ukuk lkgc
esa 2,544 gks xbZ gSA y•uÅ csxe gtjr egy
mÙkj çns'k ds ckn fgjklr esa lcls ”;knk ekSrsa if'pe fcgkj dqaoj flag
caxky esa gqbZA jkT; esa o"kZ 2020&21 esa 185 ekSrsa vkSj o"kZ iQStkckn ekSyoh vgenqYykg
2021&22 esa 257 ekSrsa ntZ dh xbZA
>kalh jkuh y{ehckbZ
vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj fiNys nks o"kks± esa fcgkj esa iqfyl fgjklr
ckxir 'kkgey
esa dqy 396, eè; çns'k esa 364 vkSj egkjk"Vª esa 340 ekSrsa
86. (a)
gqbZ gSaA
tEew&d'ehj iqfyl eqBHksM+ksa esa ekSr ls lacafèkr ekeyksa esa ntZ O;k[;k% ^dkWUxzsl ea=kky;ksa ds rgr dk;Z* (1937)%
ekeyksa dh lwph esa o"kZ 2021&22 esa 45 ekeyksa ds lkFk ukxfjd lqfoèkk,¡%
lcls Åij gSA lwph esa nwljs LFkku ij NÙkhlx<+ gS] ftlesa vkikrdkyhu vfèkdkj nsus okys dkuwuksa dks fujLr dj fn;k x;kA
30 ekSrsa iqfyl eqBHksM+ esa gqbZ gSa] blds ckn mÙkj çns'k esa
fganqLrku lsok ny vkSj ;wFk yhx tSls voSèk laxBuksa vkSj
27 yksx ,udkmaVj esa ekjs x, gSaA
dqN fdrkcksa vkSj if=kdkvksa ij çfrcaèk gVk fn;k x;kA
mYys•uh; gS fd ns'k Hkj esa o"kZ 2021&22 vkSj 2020&21
çsl ls çfrcaèk gVk fn;k x;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
esa iqfyl ,udkmaVj esa ekSr ls lacafèkr dqy 151 vkSj 82
v•ckjksa dks CySd fyLV@dkyh lwph ls ckgj dj fn;k x;k gSA
ekeys ntZ fd;s x, gSaA
”kCr fd;s x, gfFk;kj vkSj 'kL=k ykblsal cgky fd;s x,A
84. (d)
iqfyl dh 'kfDr;ksa ij vadq'k yxk fn;k x;k vkSj lh-vkbZ-
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; daiuh ^jhU;w ikoj* (Re New Power) us 8 vjc Mh- us jktusrkvksa dk ihNk djuk can dj fn;kA
MkWyj ds fuos'k ls Lost ugj vkfFkZd {ks=k esa ,d gfjr gkbMªkstu
jktuhfrd dSfn;ksa vkSj Økafrdkfj;ksa dks fjgk dj fn;k x;k
la;a=k LFkkfir djus ds fy;s felz ljdkj ds lkFk ÚseodZ
le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s gSaA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA rFkk fuokZlu ,oa utjcanh ds vkns'k jí dj fn;s x,A
bl la;a=k esa gfjr gkbMªkstu ds 220,000 Vu okf"kZd mRiknu ckWEcs esa lfou; voKk vkanksyu ds nkSjku ljdkj }kjk tCr
dh {kerk gksus dh mEehn gSA ;g ÚseodZ le>kSrk] ml le>kSrk dh xbZ Hkwfe dks cgky dj fn;k x;k FkkA
Kkiu (MoU) dk vuqlj.k djrk gS ftl ij tqykbZ 2022 esa lfou; voKk vkanksyu ls tqM+s vfèkdkfj;ksa dh isa'ku cgky
gLrk{kj fd;s x, FksA dh xbZA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 23
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lekt dY;k.k lqèkkj% bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] oSf'od thou ;kiu ladV fo'o ds
dqN {ks=kksa esa fu"ksèkkKk dks ykxw fd;k x;kA lcls xjhc ns'kksa esa vU; 71 fefy;u yksxksa dks vR;fèkd
gfjtuksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s fd;s x, mik; dqN bl çdkj xjhch ds fy;s e”kcwj dj jgk gSA
Fks& eafnj esa ços'k] lkoZtfud lqfoèkkvksa dk mi;ksx] Nk=ko`fÙk] 159 fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds ckn bl ckr ij
ljdkjh lsok vkSj iqfyl esa mudh la[;k esa o`f¼ vkfnA çdk'k Mkyk x;k fd o"kZ 2022 esa çeq• oLrqvksa dh dherksa
çkFkfed] rduhdh vkSj mPp f'k{kk rFkk lkoZtfud LokLF; esa o`f¼ igys ls gh mi&lgkjk vÚhdk] ,f'k;k vkSj ckYdu
,oa LoPNrk ij è;ku fn;k x;kA ds dqN fgLlksa dks ijs'kku dj jgh gSA
•knh dks vuqnku ,oa vU; mik;ksa ds tfj;s çksRlkgu fn;k bl fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd] thou ;kiu dk ladV
x;kA yk•ksa yksxksa dks •rjukd xfr ls xjhch vkSj Hkq•ejh dh vksj
tsy lqèkkj fd;s x,A
èkdsy jgk gSA
Lons'kh m|eksa dks çksRlkgu fn;k x;kA Hkkjrh; ifjn`';%
;g n'kkZrk gS fd eqækLiQhfr dk Hkkjr esa xjhch ij dsoy
o"kZ 1938 esa dkWUxzsl vè;{k lqHkk"k cksl ds usr`Ro esa xfBr
^jk"Vªh; ;kstuk lfefr* ds ekè;e ls ;kstuk fodflr djus ,d ux.; çHkko gksxkA gkyk¡fd yf{kr gLrkarj.k (tSls fd
ds ç;kl fd;s x,A Hkkjr dj jgk gS) xjhc ifjokjksa dks ewY; o`f¼ ls fuiVus esa
enn djrk gSA
87. (b)
bl fjiksVZ ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkkjr esa eqækLiQhfr fdlh dks
O;k[;k% ,u-vkbZ-vkj-,iQ- jSafdax 2022% Hkh 1.9 MkWyj@fnu dh fuEu xjhch js•k ls uhps ugha èkdsysxh]
Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (IIT) eækl us 87.59 vadksa ds tcfd dsoy 0.02% vkSj 0.04% vkcknh 3.3@fnu vkSj 5.5
lkFk igyk LFkku gkfly fd;kA Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku MkWyj@fnu dh mPp xjhch js•k ls uhps tk,xhA
(IIT) ckWEcs 82.35 vadksa ds lkFk rhljs vkSj Hkkjrh; foKku
89. (d)
laLFkku (IISC) csaxyq# 83.57 jsfVax ds lkFk nwljs LFkku ij
vk;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA O;k[;k% v'kksd ds vfèkdka'k f'kykys• çkÑr Hkk"kk esa Fks tcfd
mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dks jSad nsus ds fy;s dsaæh; f'k{kk ea=kky; miegk}hi ds mÙkj&if'pe esa feyus okys f'kykys• vjkekbd
}kjk us'kuy baLVhVÔw'kuy jSafdax ÚseodZ (NIRF) rS;kj fd;k vkSj xzhd esa Hkh FksA
x;k FkkA bl jSafdax esa iwjs Hkkjr esa fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa vkSj fofHkUu çkÑr Hkk"kk ds vfèkdka'k f'kykys• czkãh fyfi esa fy•s
fo"k; Mksesu esa mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dks jSafdax nh tkrh gS A x, FksA gkyk¡fd miegk}hi ds mÙkj&if'pe esa feyus okys
us'kuy baLVhVÔw'kuy jSafdax ÚseodZ (NIRF) jSafdax igyh ckj dqN f'kykys• •jks"Bh esa fy•s x, FksA
16 flracj] 2015 dks dsæa h; f'k{kk ea=kky; }kjk tkjh dh xbZ FkhA viQxkfuLrku esa f'kykys•ksa ds fy;s vjkekbd vkSj xzhd
,u-vkbZ-vkj-,iQ- lexz ,u-vkbZ-vkj-,iQ- jSafdax ds vykok fyfi;ksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA
fo'ofo|ky;] bathfu;fjax] çcaèku] iQkeZslh] dkWyst] fpfdRlk] vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
dkuwu] okLrqdyk] nar fpfdRlk vkSj vuqlaèkku lfgr muds 90. (b)
lacafèkr Mksesu esa fo'ks"k Js.kh okys laLFkkuksa dks Hkh jSad nsrk gSA
O;k[;k% lwiQhokn%
88. (b) lwiQh eqfLye jgL;oknh FksA lwiQh yksxksa us eqfLye èkkfeZd
O;k[;k% dkWLV&vkWiQ&fyfoax Økbfll bu Msoyfiax dUVªht fo}kuksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr fo'kq¼ deZdkaM vkSj vkpkj&lafgrk
2022% dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA os bZ'oj ds lkFk Bhd mlh çdkj
¶dkWLV vkWiQ fyfoax Økbfll bu Msoyfiax daVªht¸ uked tqM+s jguk pkgrs Fks ftl çdkj ,d çseh] nqfu;k dh ijokg
fjiksVZ la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe }kjk çdkf'kr dh xbZA fd;s fcuk viuh fç;rek ds lkFk tqM+s jguk pkgrk gSA vr%
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 24
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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bUgksaus fdlh vkSfy;k ;k ihj dh ns•&js• esa ftØ (uke 92. (c)
dk tki)] fparu] lek (xkuk)] jDl (u`R;)] uhfr&ppkZ]
lk¡l ij fu;a=k.k vkfn ds tfj;s çf'k{k.k dh foLr`r jhfr;ksa O;k[;k%
dk fodkl fd;kA bl çdkj vkè;kfRed lwiQh mLrknksa dh fuekZrk bekjr
ihf<+;ksa] flyflykvksa dk çknqHkkZo gqvkA buesa ls izR;sd vdcj vkxjk ds fdys esa tgk¡xhjh egy
flyflyk] funZs'kksa o èkkfeZd fØ;kvksa dk FkksM+k&cgqr vyx tgk¡xhj ykgkSj esa eksrh efLtn
rjhdk viukrs FksA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA 'kkgtgk¡ ykgkSj esa 'kkyhekj ckx
X;kjgoha 'krkCnh ls vusd lwiQh tu eè; ,f'k;k ls vkdj vkSjaxtsc ykgkSj esa ckn'kkgh efLtn
fganqLrku esa clus yxs FksA fnYyh lYrur dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
;g çfØ;k ml le; vkSj Hkh e”kcwr gks xbZ tc miegk}hi
93. (b)
esa loZ=k cM+s&cM+s vusd lwiQh dsaæ fodflr gks x,A fp'rh
flyflyk bu lHkh flyflyksa esa lcls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh FkkA O;k[;k% gky gh esa mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us ,d ls vkB d{kk ds
vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA cPpksa ds fy;s Ldwy Mªsl vkSj LVs'kujh dh jkf'k ₹1100 ls
blesa vkSfy;kvksa dh ,d yach ijaijk Fkh] tSls vtesj ds •oktk c<+kdj ₹1200 djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh
eqbuqíhu fp'rh] fnYyh ds dqrqcqíhu cf[r;kj dkdh] iatkc ds gSA
ckck iQjhn] fnYyh ds •oktk futkeqíhu vkSfy;k vkSj xqycxZ çR;{k ykHk varj.k (DBT) ds ekè;e ls d{kkvksa ds cPpksa
ds cank uokt fxlqnjktA ds ekrk&firk dks nh tk,xhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
lwiQh lar vius •kudkgksa esa fo'ks"k cSBdksa dk vk;kstu bl jkf'k ls mÙkj çns'k csfld f'k{kk ifj"kn dh vksj ls
djrs FksA tgk¡ lHkh çdkj ds HkDrx.k] ftuesa 'kkgh ?kjkuksa ds lapkfyr çkFkfed o mPp çkFkfed Ldwyksa vkSj v'kkldh;
yksx rFkk vfHktkr vkSj vke yksx Hkh 'kkfey gksrs Fks] bu lgk;rkçkIr çkFkfed o iwoZ ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk
•kudkgksa esa vkrs FksA ;g vkè;kfRed fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ djrs ,d ls vkB rd ds lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s muds vfHkHkkod
FksA viuh nqfu;knkjh dh leL;kvksa dks lqy>kus ds fy;s larksa orZeku 'kSf{kd l=k esa ;wfuiQkeZ] LosVj] Ldwy cSx] twrs&eksts
ls vk'khokZn ekaxrs Fks vFkok laxhr rFkk u`R; ds tylksa esa
ds lkFk LVs'kujh Hkh •jhn ldsaxsA
'kkfey gksdj pys tkrs FksA vr% dFku 4 lgh gSA
LVs'kujh esa pkj dkfi;k¡] nks isafly] nks isu] pkj jcj
91. (c)
vkSj pkj 'kkWiuj 'kkfey gSaA
O;k[;k% ½xoSfnd èkeZ% 94. (c)
½xoSfnd èkeZ dk lokZfèkd fnypLi igyw bldk cgqnsooknh
pfj=k Fkk ftlesa dbZ nsorkvksa dh iwtk dh tkrh FkhA vr% O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; vè;{krk esa igyh G&20 foÙk vkSj dsaæh; cSadksa
dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA ds izfrfufèk;ksa dh cSBd] 13 fnlacj ls 14 fnlacj 2022
rd csaxyq#] dukZVd esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA vr% dFku
½XoSfnd vk;Z çÑfr dh ltho vkRek ds :i esa xw<+ Hkkouk
1 lgh ugha gSA
ls iwtk djrs FksA
uhfr vk;ksx ds iwoZ lh-bZ-vks- vferkHk dkar dks ih;w"k xks;y
oSfnd nsorkvksa dks eq[; :i ls rhu lewgksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k
x;k Fkk& (I) vkdk'k ds nsork&o#.k] fe=k] lw;Z] fo".kq vkfnA dh txg G&20 ds fy;s Hkkjr ds u, 'ksjik ds :i esa pquk
(II) varfj{k ds nsork&baæ] #æ vkfnA (III) i`Foh ds
x;k gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
nsork&vfXu] c`gLifr] lkse vkfnA G-20:
½Xosn esa baæ dks lcls 'kfDr'kkyh nsork crk;k x;k gSA n xzqi vkWiQ V~osaVh (G-20) ,d varj&ljdkjh eap gS ftlesa
baæ dks iqjanj (nqxks± dks u"V djus okyk) dgk tkrk gSA vr% 19 ns'k 'kkfey gSaA bu ns'kksa ds uke gSa& vts±Vhuk] vkWLVªsfy;k]
dFku 2 lgh gSA czkthy] dukMk] phu] Úkal] teZuh] Hkkjr] baMksusf'k;k] bVyh]
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 25
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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tkiku] dksfj;k x.kjkT;] eSfDldks] :l] lÅnh vjc] nf{k.k jktk jkeeksgu jk; us o"kZ 1817 esa fganw dkWyst dh LFkkiuk
vÚhdk] rqdhZ] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds- MsfoM gkjs ds ç;klksa dk leFkZu fd;kA
vkSj ;wjksih; la?kA 96. (b)
G-20 lnL; oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds yxHkx 85%]
O;k[;k% ekpZ 1939 esa dkWUxzsl dk vfèkos'ku eè; çkar (orZeku
oSf'od O;kikj ds 75% ls vfèkd vkSj fo'o tula[;k
eè; çns'k esa tcyiqj ds ikl) esa f=kiqjh esa gqvkA
ds yxHkx nks&frgkbZ dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA
bl l=k ds nkSjku xkaèkh vkSj lqHkk"k panz cksl ds chp dbZ
G-20 esa nks lekukarj VªSd gksrs gSa% iQkbusal VªSd vkSj 'ksjik
oSpkfjd erHksn lkeus vk,] ftlds dkj.k cksl dks dkWUxzsl
VªSdA foÙk ea=kh vkSj dsaæh; cSad ds xouZj foÙk VªSd dk usr`Ro
ds vè;{k in ls bLrhiQk nsuk iM+kA cksl vkSj muds vuq;kf;;ksa
djrs gSa] tcfd 'ksjik gh 'ksjik VªSd dk usr`Ro djrs gSaA
us dkWUxzsl ds Hkhrj ^iQkWjoMZ CykWd* uke ls ,d ubZ ikVhZ
Hkkjr 1 fnlacj] 2022 ls 30 uoacj 2023 rd G-20 dh
dk xBu fd;kA
vè;{krk dj jgk gSA G20 esa vc rd ds lcls cM+s
f=kiqjh ds çLrkoksa esa phu ls lacafèkr ,d fnypLi çLrko Fkk
çfrfufèkeaMy ds 43 çeq• flracj 2023 esa vafre ubZ fnYyh
f'k•j lEesyu esa Hkkx ysaxsA ^dkWUxzsl us fueZe vkSj vekuoh; lkezkT;okn ds f•ykiQ muds
la?k"kZ esa phu ds yksxksa vkSj mudh eqlhcrksa vkSj dfBukb;ksa esa
Hkkjr ds G-20 çslhMsalh dh Fkhe ¶olqèkSo dqVqEcde¸ ;k
viuh xgjh lgkuqHkwfr dks n'kkZ;kA ;g mUgsa muds LFkwy çfrjksèk
¶,d i`Foh · ,d ifjokj · ,d Hkfo";¸ gSA ;g Fkhe
egk mifu"kn ds çkphu laLÑr ikB ls fy;k x;k gSA dks O;Dr djrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
^^dkWUxzsl us viuh vksj ls phu ds yksxksa ds fy;s ,d esfMdy
95. (b)
fe'ku Hkstus gsrq viuh LohÑfr O;Dr dh vkSj vk'oklu fn;k
O;k[;k% jktk jkeeksgu jk; dks ^Hkkjrh; iqutkZxj.k ds tud* fd bl fe'ku dks iw.kZ leFkZu çkIr gksrk jgsxk] rkfd ;g vius
vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZrk ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA lgk;rk ds dke dks çHkkoh <ax ls vkxs c<+k lds vkSj phu
mUgksaus o"kZ 1809 esa ^,ds'ojokfn;ksa dk migkj* uked iqLrd ds lkFk Hkkjr dh ,dtqVrk dk ,d ekuuh; çrhd cu ldsA**
fy•h vkSj caxkyh esa osnksa vkSj ik¡p mifu"knksa dk vuqokn 97. (c)
fd;k rkfd mudh èkkj.kk lkfcr gks lds fd çkphu fganw xzaFk
,ds'ojokn dk leFkZu djrs gSaA O;k[;k% gky gh esa mÙkj çns'k ljdkj us ^,d f”kyk ,d mRikn*
o"kZ 1814 esa mUgksaus osnkar ds ,ds'ojoknh vkn'kks± dk çpkj (ODOP) ;kstuk dh liQyrk ds ckn ^,d rglhy ,d
djus vkSj ewfrZiwtk] tkfrxr dBksjrk] vFkZghu deZdkaM vkSj mRikn* ;kstuk 'kq: djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA vr% dFku 1
vU; lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ds f•ykiQ vfHk;ku pykus ds fy;s lgh ugha gS ysfdu dFku 2 lgh gSA
dydÙkk esa vkReh; lHkk ;k lkslkbVh vkWiQ ÚsaM~l dh mÙkj çns'k dh t~;knkrj rglhyksa ;k muds fdlh •kl dLcs
LFkkiuk dhA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA dk dksbZ mRikn mudh igpku gS] tSls& xksj•iqj ds dSafi;jxat
mUgksaus ?kksf"kr fd;k fd osnkar dkj.k ij vkèkkfjr gS vkSj ;fn ds jepkSjk ds dPps dsys] iQjsank egjktxat dh gjh eVj] gjnksbZ
dkj.k dh ekax gS] rks 'kkL=kksa ls çLFkku Hkh mfpr gSA ds laMhyk dk yM~Mw] dq'khuxj ds nqngh CykWd esa gYnh dh
jktk jkeeksgu jk; us vxLr 1828 esa czã lHkk dh LFkkiuk •srh vkfnA
dh] ftldk uke ckn esa cnydj czã lekt dj fn;k x;kA oDr ds lkFk bu mRiknksa ds tfj;s czkaM ;wih ns'k&nqfu;k esa vkSj
mUgksaus o"kZ 1818 esa vius lrh&fojksèkh la?k"kZ dh 'kq#vkr dh e”kcwr gksxkA ,d rjhds ls ;g ^,d f”kyk] ,d mRikn* dk
vkSj mUgksaus vius bl rdZ dks lkfcr djus ds fy;s ifo=k xzaFkksa gh foLrkj gksxkA
dk gokyk fn;k fd fdlh Hkh èkeZ us ekuork] dkj.k vkSj mÙkj çns'k ds eq[;ea=kh us vius igys dk;Zdky esa 24 tuojh]
d#.kk dh vihy ds vykok foèkokvksa dks ftank tykus dh 2018 dks mÙkj çns'k ds igys LFkkiuk fnol dh 'kq#vkr djrs
vuqefr ugha nh gSA muds ç;klksa dks o"kZ 1829 esa Hkkjrh; gq, ODOP ;kstuk ykWUp dh Fkh] ftldk vPNk fjLikWUl
fczfV'k ljdkj ds fu;eu }kjk iqjLÑr fd;k x;k] ftlus feyk FkkA blfy;s jkT; ljdkj us ^,d rglhy ,d mRikn*
lrh çFkk dks vijkèk ?kksf"kr fd;kA ;kstuk ij dke djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 26
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
98. (d) 100. (a)
O;k[;k% ljnkj iVsy mRÑ"V vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- laLFkku iqjLdkj% O;k[;k% eqxy njckjh bfrgkl iQkjlh Hkk"kk esa fy•s x, FksA
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR) }kjk LFkkfir jk"Vªh; fnYyh ds lqYrkuksa ds dky esa mÙkj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa fo'ks"kdj
Ñf"k vuqlaèkku çcaèku vdkneh (NAARM) dks mlds fganoh o bldh {ks=kh; fHkUurkvksa ds lkFk iQkjlh] njckj vkSj
lexz çn'kZu ds fy;s ¶ljnkj iVsy mRÑ"V vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- lkfgfR;d jpukvksa dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa •wc iqf"ir&iYyfor
laLFkku iqjLdkj 2021¸ (cM+s laLFkku Js.kh esa) çkIr fd;k gqbZA pw¡fd eqxy pxrkbZ ewy ds Fks vr% rqdhZ mudh ekr`Hkk"kk
gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA FkhA buds igys 'kkld ckcj us dfork,¡ vkSj vius laLej.k
iqjLdkj ds mís';% blh Hkk"kk esa fy•s FksA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
^vdcjukek* tSls eqxy bfrgkl iQkjlh esa fy•s x, Fks
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR) laLFkkuksa] fnYyh
fo'ofo|ky; (DUs)] dsaæh; Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; (CAU) vkSj tcfd vU; tSls ckcj ds laLej.kksa dk ^ckcjukek* ds
jkT; Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa }kjk mRÑ"V çn'kZu dks ekU;rk nsukA uke ls rqdhZ ls iQkjlh esa vuqokn fd;k x;k FkkA eqxy
ckn'kkgksa us egkHkkjr vkSj jkek;.k tSls laLÑr xzaFkksa dks iQkjlh
mRÑ"V laLFkkxr@fo'ofo|ky; çn'kZu ds fy;s çksRlkgu çnku
esa vuqokfnr fd;s tkus dk vkns'k fn;kA egkHkkjr dk vuqokn
djukA
j”eukek (;q¼ksa dh iqLrd) ds :i esa gqvkA
bu miyfCèk;ksa esa laLFkkxr xkSjo dh Hkkouk dks c<+kok nsukA
eqxy Hkkjr dh lHkh iqLrdsa ikaMqfyfi;ksa ds :i esa Fkh
iqjLdkj dh çÑfr% vFkkZr~ os gkFk ls fy•h gksrh FkhA ikaMqfyfi jpuk dk eq[;
bl iqjLdkj ds rgr ,d O;fDrxr iqjLdkj esa ₹10,00,000 dsaæ 'kkgh fdrkc•kuk FkkA gkyk¡fd fdrkc•kuk 'kCn iqLrdky;
udn] ,d ç'kfLr i=k ,oa ,l-,-;w- rFkk Mh;w ds fy;s vkSj ds :i esa vuqokfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g njvly ,d
vU; vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- laLFkkuksa ds fy;s ,d ifV~Vdk fyfi?kj Fkk] vFkkZr~ ,slk LFkku tgk¡ ckn'kkg dh ikaMqfyfi;ksa
'kkfey gSA dk laxzg fd;k tkrk Fkk rFkk ubZ ikaMqfyfi;ksa dh jpuk dh
99. (c) tkrh FkhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
O;k[;k% iSfy;ksfyfFkd ;k iqjkik"kk.k dky% 101. (d)
iqjkik"kk.k ;qx ds LFky Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa O;k[;k% Kkuksn; ds ckn cq¼ us vius igys èkekZsins'k èkeZpØ ifjorZu
O;kid :i ls ik, tkrs gSaA lqÙk ;k ^èkEe dk ifg;k ?kqekuk* dk mins'k fgj.k ikdZ esa
;s LFky vkerkSj ij ty lzksrksa ds ikl ik, x, gSaA mÙkj çns'k ds okjk.klh ds ikl lkjukFk esa 'kfuokj dh iwoZ
iqjkik"kk.k dky ds yksxksa }kjk mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys dbZ laè;k ij tqykbZ dh iwf.kZek ds fnu ik¡p rifLo;ksa dks fn;k]
'kSykJ; vkSj xqiQk,¡ miegk}hi esa iQSyh gqbZ gSaA tks igys muds lkFkh FksA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
iqjkik"kk.k dky ds yksx iÙkksa ls cuh >ksifM+;ksa esa fojys gh èkekZsins'k esa pkj egku lR;ksa esa O;Dr muds f'k{k.k ds ewy
jgrs FksA fl¼kar 'kkfey gSa%
Hkkjr esa iqjkik"kk.k dky ds dqN çfl¼ LFky gSa% 1. nq• dk lR; (nqD•)
mÙkj&if'pe Hkkjr esa lksu ?kkVh vkSj iksVokj dk iBkjA 2. nq• dh mRifÙk dk lR; (leqnk;)
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA 3. nq• dh lekfIr dk lR; (fujksèk)
mÙkj Hkkjr esa f'kokfyd dh igkfM+;k¡ 4. nq• dh lekfIr ds fy;s lR; dk ekxZ (v"Vkafxdk&ekxZ)
eè; çns'k esa HkhecsVdk 102. (d)
ueZnk ?kkVh esa vknex<+ dh igkM+h O;k[;k% f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ%
vkaèkz çns'k esa dquZwy Hkkjr dk iwohZ Hkkx ikyksa ds fu;a=k.k esa Fkk] if'peh {ks=k çfrgkjksa
psUubZ ds fudV vfÙkjeiDde ds fu;a=k.k esa Fkk vkSj nDdu {ks=k jk"VªdwVksa }kjk 'kkflr FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 27
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
¶f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ¸ dUukSt ij fu;a=k.k ds fy;s bu rhu jktoa'kksa 105. (d)
ds chp la?k"kZ dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA vr% vfHkdFku (A)
lgh ugha gSA O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k esa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkWUxzsl ds fuEufyf•r
vfèkos'ku gq,%
çfrgkj lkezkT;] iky lkezkT; vkSj jk"VªdwV lkezkT; vkilh ;q¼
esa O;Lr FksA bl yacs le; esa] blus rhuksa jktoa'kksa dks vlqjf{kr vè;{k LFkku o"kZ
dj fn;kA tkWtZ ;wy bykgkckn 1888
O;kses'k paæ cuthZ bykgkckn 1892
dUukSt%
jes'k paæ nÙk y•uÅ 1899
dUukSt xaxk ds O;kikj ekxZ ij fLFkr Fkk vkSj js'ke ekxZ ls
xksiky Ñ".k xks•ys okjk.klh 1905
tqM+k gqvk FkkA blus dUukSt dks j.kuhfrd ,oa O;kolkf;d :i
ls cgqr egÙoiw.kZ cuk fn;kA ;g mÙkjh Hkkjr esa g"kZoèkZu lkezkT; fofy;e osMjcuZ bykgkckn 1910
vafcdk pj.k etwenkj y•uÅ 1916
dh iwoZ jktèkkuh Hkh FkhA ;g eè;dkyhu Hkkjr esa 'kfDr dk
ljksftuh uk;Mw dkuiqj 1925
çrhd FkkA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
ia- tokgj yky usg: y•uÅ 1936
103. (d)
tsch Ñiykuh esjB 1946
O;k[;k% 27 tqykbZ 2022 dks mÙkj çns'k ds eq[;ea=kh }kjk u, uxjh; vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSaA
fudk;ksa ds fy;s eq[;ea=kh uxj l`tu ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZA vr% 106. (c)
fodYi (d) lgh gSA
;g ;kstuk bu uohu uxjh; {ks=kksa esa lhojst] is;ty] ikfd±x] O;k[;k% eqxy lkezkT; dk iru%
eqxyksa dh 'kklu ç.kkyh futh rkSj ij rkuk'kkgh ,oa fujadq'k
LoPNrk] pkSjkgksa dk lqanjhdj.k] ekxZ çdk'k] lkeqnkf;d dsaæ]
lM+d fuekZ.k] Ldwy ,oa vkaxuckM+h dsaæ dh LFkkiuk ds lÙkk Fkh] blfy;s bldh liQyrk 'kklu pykus okys ckn'kkg
fy;s mi;ksxh gksxhA ds pfj=k ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA ckn ds eqxy ckn'kkg v;ksX;
Fks vkSj jkT; ds ç'kklu dh mis{kk djrs FksA vr% dkj.k
bl ;kstuk ds rgr gksus okys dk;ks± dh dM+h ekWfuVfjax dh
(R) lgh gSA
tkuh pkfg;sA bl dk;Z esa iwjh ikjnf'kZrk vkSj xq.koÙkk gksxhA
oa'kØe ds ,d iq[rk dkuwu vkSj fu;e ds vHkko esa] ges'kk
bl ;kstuk ds rgr fuekZ.k ,oa fodkl dk;ks± esa uokpkj çh
mÙkjkfèkdkj ds fy;s ;q¼ gksrk Fkk] ftlus 'kklu dh fLFkjrk
iQSc@çh dkWLV daØhV fuekZ.k rduhd dk mi;ksx fd;k
dks detksj dj fn;kA
tk,xkA
'kkldksa dh foÑfr vkSj vèkerk ds dkj.k lkezkT; dk iru
104. (d) gqvk] ftlesa rF;kRed fooknksa vkSj lkft'kksa ds dkj.k lkezkT;
O;k[;k% fe'ku dq'ky dehZ fnYyh ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k dks Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+hA
gSA bldk mís'; fuekZ.k dk;ks± esa dke djus okys Jfedksa lsuk dk iru Hkh lkezkT; ds fy;s fouk'kdkjh fl¼ gqvkA
ds dkS'ky dk mUu;u djuk gSA vr% dFku 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa vkSjaxtsc dh èkkfeZd uhfr eq[; :i ls jktiwrksa] fl•ksa]
(DSEU) vkSj fnYyh fcfYMax ,aM vMj daLVªD'ku odZlZ lkezkT; ds iru dk ewy dkj.k FkhA
osyiQs;j cksMZ dh enn ls 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA bZjkuh vkSj nqjkZuh lkezkT;ksa ds vkØe.kksa us eqxy lkezkT; dks
blls Jfedksa dh vk; ₹8,000 rd c<+kus esa enn feysxhA {kh.k dj fn;kA
ljdkj dk y{; bl dk;ZØe ds rgr ,d o"kZ esa 2 yk• bZjkuh vkSj nqjkZuh jkT;ksa ds vkØe.kksa us eqxy lkezkT; ij
Jfedksa dks çf'kf{kr djuk gSA çk.k?kkrd geyk djds lka?kkfrd çgkj fn;kA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 28
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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18oha 'krkCnh dh 'kq#vkr esa eqxy lkezkT; esa lS;n glu vyh ;g felz] eslksiksVkfe;k] Hkkjr vkSj phu dh pkj çkphu 'kgjh
•ku vkSj lS;n gqlSu vyh •ku 'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld FksA oks jktk lH;rkvksa dk lcls cM+k fuokl FkkA
ugha cus ijarq mUgsa ^jktk cukus okys* ^fdaxesdj* ds uke ls dbZ LFkyksa ds flaèkq ?kkVh ls dkiQh nwj cls gksus ds dkj.k ^flaèkq
tkuk tkrk gSA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh gSA ?kkVh lH;rk* dks ckn esa ^flaèkq lH;rk* uke fn;k x;kA
107. (a) •ksts x, çFke LFky ds uke ij bls ^gM+Iik lH;rk* Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
O;k[;k% 27 tqykbZ 2022 dks mÙkj çns'k ljdkj ds lw{e] y?kq ,oa
eè;e m|e vkSj fu;kZr çksRlkgu foHkkx us ekbØks CykWfxax lcls egÙoiw.kZ flaèkq ?kkVh LFky flaèk esa dksVnhth] jktLFkku
,si ^dw* ds lkFk ,d le>kSrk Kkiu (MoU) ij gLrk{kj esa dkyhcaxk] iatkc esa jksiM+] gfj;k.kk esa cuokyh ,oa xqtjkr
fd;k gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA ds rhuksa yksFky] lqjdksVM+k vkSj èkksykohjk gSaA
lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ,oa fu;kZr çksRlkgu foHkkx ds eksgutksnMks lHkh flaèkq 'kgjksa esa lcls cM+k Fkk vkSj blds 200
vij eq[; lfpo uouhr lgxy vkSj ^dw* ds lg&laLFkkid gsDVs;j {ks=k esa iQSys gksus dk vuqeku gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh
,oa eq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh vçes; jkèkkÑ".k us le>kSrk ugha gSA
Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;sA gM+Iik ds mÙkjk¼Z esa] flaèkq laLÑfr dk iru 'kq: gqvkA yksFky
le>kSrs ds rgr ^dw* vius ;wtlZ ds chp tkx:drk c<+kus dh •qnkbZ ls bl pj.k ds Øekxr mUufr dk irk pyrk gSA
ds fy;s ^,d f”kyk] ,d mRikn* (ODOP) ls tqM+h lkexzh canjxkg dh lqfoèkk okys yksFky dh LFkkiuk cgqr ckn esa gqbZ
vkSj mRiknksa dk 10 Hkk"kkvksa esa çpkj&çlkj dk eap çnku djsxkA FkhA ;g ck<+ lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls ,d fo'kky b±Vksa ls fufeZr
blds vykok] ^dw* dkWikZsjsV lsDVj esa migkj nsus ds fy;s Hkh nhokj ls f?kjk gqvk FkkA
vks-Mh-vks-ih- ds mRikn Hkh •jhnsxkA yksFky gM+Iik lH;rk vkSj Hkkjr ds 'ks"k Hkkx ds lkFk&lkFk
^,d f”kyk] ,d mRikn* ;kstuk dh nwljs ns'kksa ds nwrkoklksa esa eslksiksVkfe;k ds eè; O;kikj gsrq ,d foØ; dsaæ cuk jgkA
Hkh czkafMax dh tk,xhA nwrkoklksa esa vks-Mh-vks-ih- ds mRikn Hkh vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
çnf'kZr fd;s tk,axs vkSj fMLIys esa bZ&dkWelZ IysViQkWeZ dh Hkh 110. (d)
tkudkjh nh tk,xhA
O;k[;k% eulcnkj%
108. (c)
eulc j•us okys O;fDr dks eulcnkj dgk x;kA ftldk
O;k[;k% •knh vkSj xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx (KVIC) ds foi.ku ds iwoZ vFkZ ,d in ;k jSad èkkj.k djus ls FkkA
fo'ks"kK lnL; eukst dqekj dks tqykbZ 2022 esa KVIC ds ;g eqxyksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr dks fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy;s bLrseky
vè;{k ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA vr% fodYi (c) dh tkus okyh ,d xzsfMax ç.kkyh FkhA
lgh gSA jSad lSU; f”kEesnkfj;k¡A
mUgksaus fou; dqekj lDlsuk dk LFkku fy;k] ftUgksaus fnYyh
osru
ds mijkT;iky ds :i esa dk;ZHkkj laHkkyk gSA
in vkSj osru dk fuèkkZj.k tkr dh la[;k ij fuHkZj FkkA
KVIC ,d oSèkkfud fudk; gS ftls •knh vkSj xzkeks|ksx
vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
vk;ksx vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds rgr xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa •knh vkSj
tkr dh la[;k ftruh vfèkd gksrh Fkh] njckj esa vfHktkr
vU; xzkeh.k m|ksxksa dks fodflr djus ds mís'; ls fuxfer
fd;k x;k gSA ;g lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e m|e ea=kky; ds dh çfr"Bk mruh gh c<+ tkrh Fkh vkSj mldk osru Hkh
vèkhu dk;Z djrk gSA mruk gh vfèkd gksrk FkkA
tks lSU; mÙkjnkf;Ro eulcnkjksa dks lkSais tkrs Fks mUgha ds vuqlkj
109. (a)
mUgsa ?kqM+lokj j•us iM+rs FksA eulcnkj vius lokjksa dks fujh{k.k
O;k[;k% flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk yxHkx 2,500 bZlk&iwoZ nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds fy;s ykrs FksA os vius lSfudksa ds ?kksM+ksa dks nxokrs Fks ,oa
ds if'peh Hkkx esa] ledkyhu ikfdLrku vkSj if'peh Hkkjr lSfudksa dk iathdj.k djokrs FksA bu dk;Zokfg;ksa ds ckn gh
esa iQyh&iQwyhA mUgsa lSfudksa dks osru nsus ds fy;s èku feyrk FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 29
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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eulcnkj viuk osru jktLo ,df=kr djus okyh Hkwfe ds voarh oeZu ds 'kkludky ds nkSjku] voarhiqj vkSj lq;kiqj
:i esa ikrs Fks] ftUgsa tkxhj dgrs FksA 'kgjksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA fo".kq vkSj f'ko nksuksa dks lefiZr
vdcjukek% dbZ fganw eafnj vkSj ckS¼ eB muds dky esa cuk, x, FksA
vcqy iQ”ky us vdcj ds 'kkludky dk bfrgkl 3 Hkkxksa 113. (c)
esa fy•k] ftldk 'kh"kZd vdcjukek FkkA vr% dFku 2 O;k[;k% gky gh esa mÙkj çns'k jkT; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku us
lgh ugha gSA efgyk l'kDrhdj.k ds fy;s ik¡p o"kZ dk jksMeSi rS;kj fd;k
igyk Hkkx vdcj ds iwoZtksa ls lacafèkr gS vkSj nwljk vdcj gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
ds 'kkludky dh ?kVukvksa dk fooj.k nsrk gSA bldk rhljk blds rgr xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa vxys ik¡p lkyksa esa djhc 66
Hkkx ^vkbus&,&vdcjh* gSA yk• efgykvksa dks u, lewgksa ls tksM+rs gq, mUgsa jks”kxkj ls
blesa vdcj ds ç'kklu] ?kjkus] lsuk] jktLo vkSj lkezkT; ds tksM+k tk,xkA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
Hkwxksy dk C;kSjk feyrk gSA fufeZr jksMeSi ds rgr ik¡p o"kks± ds vanj jkT; esa 5 yk• 50
blesa ledkyhu Hkkjr ds yksxksa dh ijaijkvksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksa g”kkj 868 u, vkthfodk lewgksa dk xBu fd;k tk,xkA vr%
dk Hkh foLr`r o.kZu gSA vkbus&vdcjh dk lc ls jkspd vk;ke dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA
gS] fofoèk çdkj dh phtksa& iQlyksa] iSnkokj] dherksa] etnwjh fe'ku }kjk bl jksMeSi ds y{; dks N% ekg] ,d o"kZ] nks
vkSj jktLo] dk lkaf[;dh; fooj.kA o"kZ vkSj ik¡p o"kZ ds lewgksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSA vr% dFku
4 lgh gSA
111. (a)
bl y{; ds iwjk gksus ij xzkeh.k ifjokjksa esa efgykvksa dk ,d
O;k[;k% fefyUniUgks] vPNh le> ds lkFk] ckS¼ lkfgR; dk ,d cM+k oxZ lhèks ?kj&ifjokj ds lkFk gh xk¡o vkSj jkT; dh
çfl¼ lkfgR; dk;Z gS] ftls laHkor% igyh 'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;ksxnku nsxkA
esa ladfyr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ckS¼ fl¼kar dks cgqr gh orZeku esa jkT; esa 4 yk• 81 g”kkj 793 Lo;a lgk;rk lewg
vkd"kZd vkSj ;knxkj :i esa ,d cSfDVª;u xzhd jktk] fefyaMk] xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA buesa ls 3 yk• 54 g”kkj 489
tks ^MsfoYl ,MoksdsV* dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS vkSj ,d ckS¼ lewgksa dks lewg dh xfrfofèk;k¡ 'kq: djus ds fy;s vc rd
lkèkq] ukxlsu ds chp laokn ds :i esa çLrqr djrk gSA pj.kc¼ rjhds ls 531.73 djksM+ #i, fjokfYoax iQaM ds :i
fefyaniUgks dk ys•d ukxlsu FkkA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA esa fn;s tk pqds gSaA
fefyUniUgks dks cehZ ckS¼ èkeZ esa fofgr ekuk tkrk gS 2 yk• 85 g”kkj 913 lewgksa dks dE;qfuVh fuos'k iQaM eqgS;k
vkSj bls •qíd fudk; dh iqLrd esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA djkus ds lkFk gh bu lewgksa ls tqM+h efgykvksa dks vkthfodk
lacaèkh xfrfofèk;ksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gSA
112. (d)
bu ;kstukvksa esa çeq• :i ls ch-lh- l•h] iq"Vkgkj fuekZ.k
O;k[;k% mRiy oa'k% bdkbZ] mfpr nj dh nqdkuksa dk vkoaVu] lkeqnkf;d 'kkSpky;
mRiy jktoa'k dks d'ehj ds jkT;ksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gS dk çcaèku] fctyh fcy dysD'ku] vkstl (lksyj mRikn)]
ftlus Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds mÙkjh Hkkx esa d'ehj ds iwjs {ks=k vkthfodk xzkeh.k ,Dlçsl ;kstuk] eujsxk esa lgHkkfxrk]
dks ç'kkflr fd;kA LVkVZ&vi foyst baVjçksU;ksjf'ki çksxkz e] Mªkb jk'ku dk forj.k]
bl jkT; dh LFkkiuk voarh oeZu us dh Fkh] ftUgksaus 855 bZLoh efgyk fdlku l'kDrhdj.k ifj;kstuk] iQkeZ oSY;w psu
esa ddkZsVk jktoa'k ds 'kklu dks lekIr dj fn;k FkkA vr% vkfn gSaA
fodYi (d) lgh gSA 114. (a)
mRiy oa'k dh jktèkkuh voafriqj FkhA bl jktoa'k dh lcls O;k[;k%
vfèkd bLrseky dh tkus okyh Hkk"kk laLÑr ds :i esa fuèkkZfjr
frfFk fnol
dh xbZ FkhA ml jktoa'k esa jgus okys vfèkdka'k yksx fganw èkeZ
28 iQjojh jk"Vªh; foKku fnol
vkSj ckS¼ èkeZ ds FksA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 30
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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27 flracj fo'o i;ZVu fnol 117. (a)
8 ekpZ varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol O;k[;k% 29 tqykbZ 2022 dks ^,d Hkkjr&Js"B Hkkjr*vkSj
7 tqykbZ oSf'od {kek fnol ^lkaLÑfrd vknku&çnku ;kstuk* ds rgr mÙkj çns'k ds
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA laLÑfr foHkkx vkSj bafnjk xkaèkh jk"Vªh; dyk dsaæ ds eè;
115. (a) ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;k x;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k esa fdlku vkanksyu%
lHkk@vkanksyu laLFkkidksa o"kZ
mÙkj çns'k fdlku xkSjh 'kadj feJ] baæ ukjk;.k f}osnh] 1918
lHkk enu eksgu ekyoh;
brus erHksn gksus ds ckotwn] usg: xkaèkh dk lEeku djrs Fks cuk;k x;k FkkA ;g nqfu;k Hkj esa IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ksa ds
vkSj xkaèkh usg: esa vfèkd fo'okl djrs FksA flaxy ;wt ls NqVdkjk fnykus ds mís'; ls ,d fo'oO;kih
f'k{kd vkSj f'k"; nksuksa esa ekSfyd lekurk,¡ Fkha&,d lekos'kh igy ds :i esa cuk;k x;k FkkA ;g ge lHkh dks IykfLVd
vFkZ esa ns'kHkfDr] ;kuh] mUgksaus ,d fo'ks"k tkfr] Hkk"kk] {ks=k ;k dh FkSfy;ksa ds mi;ksx ls nwj jgus rFkk blds LFkku ij i;kZoj.k
èkeZ ds ctk; laiw.kZ ds :i esa Hkkjr dh igpku dks ojh;rk ds vuqdwy fodYiksa dh ryk'k djus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr
nhA nksuksa vfgalk vkSj ljdkj ds yksdrkaf=kd Lo:i esa djds i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dks c<+kok nsus ds ckjs esa tkx:drk
fo'okl djrs FksA l`ftr djrk gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 31
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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119. (b)
egkuoeh ioZ] tks vkt nf{k.k esa uojkf=k ioZ dgykrk ij tSu èkeZ dk çpkj&çlkj fd;kA
gS] mu fnuksa gEih esa ,d vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ioZ ekuk tkrk egkohj Lokeh 24osa rhFk±dj Fks vkSj mUgsa tSu èkeZ dk okLrfod
FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA çorZd ekuk tkrk gSA muds firk fl¼kFkZ xk;=khd {kf=k; la?k
fot; foV~By eafnj% ;g gEih ds lcls cM+s vkSj lcls
ds çeq• FksA mudh ek¡ f=k'kyk fyPNoh x.kjkT; ds çeq•
psrd dh cgu FkhA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
'kkunkj eafnjksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g rqaxHkæk unh ds rV ij
fLFkr gSA 122. (c)
bl eafnj dk fuekZ.k 15oha 'krkCnh esa jktk nsojk; O;k[;k% xgM+oky ;k xkgjokj oa'k%
f}rh; }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA ftls Ñ".knsojk; }kjk vkSj 12oha&13oha 'krkCnh esa eqfLye fot; dh iwoZ laè;k ij xgM+oky
foLrkfjr fd;k x;k FkkA ;k xkgjokj jktoa'k mÙkj Hkkjr ds dbZ 'kkld ifjokjksa esa ls ,d FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 32
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
bldk bfrgkl] 11oha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk¼Z vkSj 13oha 'krkCnh çps"Vk&1 (51%-60%)% xksj•iqj] okjk.klh] dkuiqj uxj
ds eè; rd] çkjafHkd eè;;qxhu mÙkj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dh vkSj 33 vU;A
lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa dks n'kkZrk gS& oa'koknh 'k=kqrk vkSj xBcaèku] çps"Vk&2 (41%-50%)% ihyhHkhr] •hjh] cqyan'kgj] jkeiqj]
lkearh jkT; lajpuk] czkã.koknh lkekftd fopkjèkkjk ij iw.kZ yfyriqjA
fuHkZjrk vkSj ckgjh vkØe.kksa ds le{k Hks|rkA 124. (d)
xgM+oky oa'k ds laLFkkid paænso FksA vr% fodYi (c)
lgh gSA O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k Hkkjr dk igyk jkT; cu x;k gS tgk¡ 13
,Dlçslos gSaA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
xgM+oky oa'k us orZeku Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa mÙkj çns'k vkSj fcgkj
ds dqN fgLlksa ij 'kklu fd;kA jkT; esa 13 ,Dlçslos fuEufyf•r gSa%
1. ;equk ,Dlçslos & 165 fdyksehVj
mudh jktèkkuh okjk.klh esa fLFkr Fkh vkSj ,d laf{kIr
vofèk ds fy;s] mUgksaus dkU;dqCt (vkèkqfud dUukSt) dks 2. uks,Mk&xzsVj uks,Mk ,Dlçslos & 25 fdyksehVj
paænso igys Lora=k jktk Fks vkSj mUgsa ^ijes'oj* dh mikfèk nh 4. fnYyh&esjB ,Dlçslos & 96 fdyksehVj
xbZ FkhA mlds 'kklu dky esa xgM+okyksa us v;ksè;k] okjk.klh 5. iwok±py ,Dlçslos & 341 fdyksehVj
vkSj dUukSt dks vius lkezkT; esa 'kkfey dj fy;k FkkA paænso 6. cqansy•aM ,Dlçslos & 296 fdyksehVj
us lkear xksiky vkSj ikapky ds f•ykiQ ;q¼ thrk ftlls mudh dqy ifjpkyu ,Dlçslos & 1,225 fdyksehVj
yksdfç;rk esa o`f¼ gqbZA fuekZ.kkèkhu ,Dlçslos%
123. (a) 1. xksj•iqj fyad ,Dlçslos & 91 fdyksehVj
2. xaxk&,Dlçslos & 594 fdyksehVj
O;k[;k% dsaæh; f'k{kk ea=kky; ds Ldwy f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk
3. y•uÅ&dkuiqj ,Dlçslos & 63 fdyksehVj
^ijiQkWes±l xzsM baMsDl&fMfLVªDV (PGI-D) 2019&20* fjiksVZ
tkjh dh xbZ gSA PGI-D O;kid fo'ys"k.k ds fy;s ,d baMsDl 4. xkft;kckn&dkuiqj ,Dlçslos & 380 fdyksehVj
cukdj f”kyk Lrj ij Ldwyh f'k{kk ç.kkyh ds çn'kZu dk 5. xksj•iqj&flyhxqM+h ,Dlçslos & 519 fdyksehVj
vkdyu djrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA 6. fnYyh&lgkjuiqj&nsgjknwu ,Dlçslos & 210 fdyksehVj
PGI-D Ldksj f”kyksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfCèk ds N% Mksesu dk 7. xkthiqj&cfy;k& eka>h?kkV ,Dlçslos & 117 fdyksehVj
dqy Ldksj gS] tSls lh•us ds ifj.kke] çHkkoh d{kk] fuekZ.kkèkhu ,Dlçslos dh dqy yackbZ 1,974 fdyksehVj gSA
cqfu;knh <k¡pk lqfoèkk,¡ vkSj Nk=k ds vfèkdkj] Ldwy gky gh esa çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us 16 tqykbZ] 2022 dks 296
lqj{kk vkSj cky laj{k.k] fMftVy f'k{k.k vkSj 'kklu fdyksehVj yacs cqansy•aM ,Dlçslos dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA
çfØ;k 'kkfey gSA 125. (b)
ubZ ijiQkWes±l xzsM baMsDl&fMfLVªDV (PGI-D) 2019&20 dh
O;k[;k% 1722 esa voèk ds uokc lvknr •ku us eqxy lkezkT;
fjiksVZ esa Ldwyh f'k{kk esa çn'kZu esa mÙkj çns'k ds eFkqjk vkSj
ls viuh Lora=krk dh ?kks"k.kk dh vkSj muds oa'ktksa us 1856
vkSjS;k f”kys lcls vkxs gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA rd voèk ij 'kklu fd;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
nksuksa f”kyksa dks ^vfr&mÙke* ds :i esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k yxHkx mlh le; jksfgYyk us viuk Lora=k jkT; LFkkfir
Fkk] tks fd 71% vkSj 80% ds chp Ldksj çkIr djus okys fd;k vkSj 1774 rd jksfgy•aM ij 'kklu fd;kA 1722 esa
f”kyksa dks fn;k tkus okyk rhljk loZJs"B xzsM gSA voèk ds uokc us fczfV'k bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh lgk;rk ls
fofHkUu f”kyksa dks fn;s x, xzsM fuEufyf•r gSa% jksfgYyk dks gjk;kA
mÙke (61%-70%)% bykgkckn] xkft;kckn] vkxjk vkSj voèk ds rhljs uokc 'kqtk&mn&nkSyk ds 'kkludky ds nkSjku
y•uÅ] xkSre cq¼ uxj vkSj ckjkcadhA fczfV'k bZLV bafM;k daiuh voèk ds 'kkldksa ds laidZ esa vkbZA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 33
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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'kqtk&mn&nkSyk us 1764 esa fczfV'k bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls xzke Lrj ij 'kq: dh tkus okyh fodkl
f•ykiQ caxky ds iQjkj uokc ehj dkfle ds lkFk ,d ifj;kstuk dh ykxr dk 40% jkT; ogu djsxkA 60% jkf'k
le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s] ysfdu o"kZ 1764 esa cDlj dh fdlh Hkh bPNqd O;fDr ;k ;gk¡ rd fd ,d xSj&ljdkjh
yM+kbZ esa vaxzs”kh lsuk ls gkj x, vkSj mUgsa dM+k vkSj bykgkckn laxBu (NGO) ;k fuokfl;ksa ds lewg }kjk çnku dh
(vc ç;kxjkt) bZLV bafM;k daiuh dks lkSaiuk iM+kA A tk,xhA
ljdkj us bl ;kstuk ds fy;s djhc ₹100 djksM+ dk dkWiZl
1856 esa vaxzs”kksa us voèk ij dCtk dj fy;k vkSj foæksg dh
iQaM cuk;k gSA
fpaxkjh iwjs ns'k esa iQSyus yxh] ftldh ifj.kfr 1857 ds foæksg
blds çHkkoh fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s ,d xofu±x dkmafly dk Hkh
ds :i esa lkeus vkbZA
xBu fd;k x;k gSA
126. (b)
128. (a)
O;k[;k% bykgkckn dh lafèk% jkWcVZ Dykbo us vxLr 1765 esa nks O;k[;k% tqykbZ 2022 esa ^ukjh dks ueu ;kstuk* fgekpy çns'k ds
egÙoiw.kZ lafèk;k¡ dh& ,d voèk ds uokc ds lkFk vkSj nwljh eq[;ea=kh t; jke Bkdqj }kjk ykWUp dh xbZ FkhA vr% fodYi
eqxy lezkV 'kkg vkye f}rh; ds lkFkA (a) lgh gSA
eSaxyksj dh lafèk% f}rh; vkaXy&eSlwj ;q¼ ds ckn] Vhiw lqYrku eq[;ea=kh us bl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; dh lhek ds Hkhrj efgyk
us fcuk fdlh ldkjkRed ifj.kke ds ,d o"kZ rd ;q¼ tkjh ;kf=k;ksa dks fgekpy iFk ifjogu fuxe (HRTC) dh clksa
j•kA ,d vfu.kkZ;d yM+kbZ ls rax vkdj] nksuksa i{kksa us 'kkafr ds fdjk, esa 50 çfr'kr dh NwV nsus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
dk fodYi pquk] eaxyksj dh lafèk (ekpZ 1784) ij ckrphr bldh ?kks"k.kk 15 vçSy 2022 dks fgekpy çns'k fnol ds
dh] ftlds rgr çR;sd i{k us mu {ks=kksa dks okil ns fn;k] volj ij dh xbZ FkhA
ftu ij mlus nwljs ls dCtk dj fy;k FkkA bl ;kstuk ds rgr] fgekpy çns'k ljdkj jkT; esa efgykvksa
JhjaxiÙkue dh lafèk% 1792 dh bl lafèk ds rgr] fotsrkvksa dks fVdV dh dherksa ij 50% dh NwV çnku djus ds fy;s
us eSlwj ds {ks=k dk yxHkx vkèkk fgLlk ys fy;kA ;q¼ {kfriwfrZ lkykuk 60 djksM+ #i, •pZ djsxhA vuqeku ds eqrkfcd] gj
fnu 1.25 yk• efgyk,¡ (HRTC) dh clksa esa liQj djrh gSaA
dk vkèkk fgLlk rqjar fn;k tkuk Fkk] tcfd ckdh fdLrksa esa
fn;k tkuk Fkk] ftlds fy;s Vhiw ds csVksa dks vaxzs”kksa }kjk caèkd 129. (b)
cuk fy;k x;k FkkA O;k[;k% vtkr'k=kq (492 bZlk iwoZ&460 bZlk iwoZ)%
ve`rlj dh lafèk% twu 1838 esa] j.kthr flag dks jktuhfrd og fcafclkj dk iq=k FkkA
etcwfj;ksa ds dkj.k vaxzs”kksa ds lkFk f=ki{kh; lafèk ij gLrk{kj ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd mlus vius firk dh gR;k dj exèk ds
djus ds fy;s etcwj gksuk iM+kA mUgksaus vius tehuh {ks=k ls flagklu ij dCtk dj fy;kA
vius nksLr viQxku vehj eksgEen ij geyk djus dh vuqefr og g;±d oa'k dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj vkØked 'kkld FkkA
nsus ls fczfV'k lsuk dks budkj dj fn;kA vr% fodYi (b) mlus çlsuftr }kjk 'kkflr dksly jkT; ij dCtk dj fy;kA
lgh gSA mlus nks uohu lSU; gfFk;kjksa dk bLrseky fd;k%
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 34
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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130. (c) rjkbZu vkSj panokj ds ;q¼ksa us mÙkjh Hkkjr esa rqdhZ 'kklu
dh uhao j•hA bl vkØe.k ds ckn dqrqcqíhu ,scd dks eqgEen
O;k[;k% dksfuZ'k vkSipkfjd vfHkoknu dk ,d ,slk rjhdk Fkk xkSjh dh Hkkjrh; laifÙk dk xouZj cuk;k x;k FkkA
ftlesa njckjh nk,¡ gkFk dh rygFkh dks yykV ij j•dj
bl ;q¼ dh thr ls mÙkjh Hkkjr ds vfèkdka'k fgLls eqgEen
vkxs dh vksj flj >qdkrs FksA ;g bl ckr dk çrhd Fkk xksjh ds fu;a=k.k esa vk x,A blus x<+oky oa'k ds var dks
fd dksfuZ'k djus okyk O;fDr vius bafæ; vkSj eu ds LFky fpfÉr fd;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
dks gkFk yxkrs gq, >qddj fouezrk ds lkFk 'kkgh njckj esa
vius dks çLrqr dj jgk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA eqgEen xkSjh%
eqbt vn&nhu eqgEen] ftls ?kksj ds eqgEen ds :i esa Hkh
vfHkoknu dk pkgj rLyhe rjhdk nk,¡ gkFk dks tehu ij
tkuk tkrk gS] lu~ 1173 ls 1202 rd ?kqfjn lkezkT; dk
j•us ls 'kq: gksrk gSA blesa rygFkh Åij dh vksj gksrh gSA
lqYrku Fkk vkSj 1202 ls 1206 rd ,dek=k 'kkld jgkA
blds ckn gkFk dks èkhjs&èkhjs mBkrs gq, O;fDr •M+k gksrk gS
mUgsa Hkkjrh; miegk}hi esa eqfLye 'kklu LFkkfir djus dk
rFkk rygFkh dks flj ds Åij j•rk gSA ,slh rLyhe pkj
ckj dh tkrh gSA rLyhe dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ vkRefuosnu Js; fn;k tkrk gS] tks lfn;ksa rd tkjh jgkA
gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA 133. (c)
131. (a) O;k[;k% y•uÅ fo'ofo|ky; ds Hkw&oSKkfud çks- èkzqo lsu flag
dks jk"Vªh; HkwfoKku iqjLdkj (NGA)] 2019 ds fy;s
O;k[;k% ekS;Z lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk paæxqIr ekS;Z (325&300 bZlk iwoZ)
Hkw&i;kZoj.k vè;;u esa muds mRÑ"V ;ksxnku ds fy;s pquk
}kjk dh xbZ FkhA
x;k Fkk] ftlesa ufn;ksa] Xysf'k;jksa vkSj >hyksa dk mi;ksx djds
ekS;Z ç'kklu dk lcls mYys•uh; igyw bldk çkarh;
iqjktyok;q (Paleoclimate)] iqjki;kZoj.k (Paleoenvironment)]
ç'kklu gSA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh gSA
tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj ekulwu ifjorZu'khyrk 'kkfey gSA vr%
v'kksd ds f'kykys•ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd ekS;Z lkezkT; xouZjksa fodYi (c) lgh gSA
ds vèkhu çkarksa esa foHkkftr FkkA ,slk yxrk gS fd de&ls&de çks- èkzqo lsu flag us Hkkjr esa fgeky; vkSj xaxk ds eSnku vkSj
pkj çkar Fks& lqo.kZfxfj esa vius dsaæ ds lkFk ,d nf{k.kh] vkdZfVd {ks=k esa fgeunksa] unh; vkSj ljksojksa dk vè;;u vkSj
r{kf'kyk esa vius eq[;ky; ds lkFk ,d mÙkjh] mTtSu esa fo'ys"k.k fd;kA
vius eq[;ky; ds lkFk if'peh vkSj rkslyh esa vius dsaæ ds mUgksaus ik;k gS fd xaxks=kh Xysf'k;j ds ihNs gVus dh nj
lkFk ,d iwohZA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA yxkrkj ?kV jgh gSA o"kZ 1970 esa 38 ehVj@o"kZ ls ?kVdj
ekS;ks± }kjk bu çkarksa ds xouZjksa ds :i esa 'kkgh jktdqekjksa o"kZ 2022 esa 10 ehVj@o"kZ gks xbZ gS vkSj ;g Xykscy
;k 'kkgh ifjokj ds lnL; dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh FkhA okfe±x ds vuq:i ugha gSA
dkfB;kokM+ esa {ks=kh; Lrj ds ç'kklu dh ik¡poha bdkbZ mUgksaus dsnkjukFk =kklnh ds dkj.kksa vkSj ifj.kkeksa ij Hkh dke
Fkh] tgk¡ Øe'k% paæxqIr ekS;Z vkSj v'kksd ds 'kkludky ds fd;k gS vkSj iqjktyok;q ds fy;s xaxk ds eSnku dh ufn;ksa vkSj
nkSjku iq";xqIr vkSj bZjkuh rq"kkliQk dks jkT;iky ds :i esa >hyksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gS tks rhoz iqjk&ekulwu dh O;k[;k
fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk (#ænkeu çFke] 150 bZLoh dk twukx<+ djrk gSA
f'kykys•)A nksuksa jkT;iky 'kkgh ifjokj ds cgkj ds yksx FksA o"kZ 1966 esa LFkkfir jk"Vªh; HkwfoKku iqjLdkj] i`Foh foKku
132. (b) ds {ks=k esa lokZsPp iqjLdkj gS vkSj ;g dsaæh; •ku ea=kky;
}kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
O;k[;k% pankoj dk ;q¼%
134. (b)
eksgEen xkSjh vkSj t; pan ds eè; o"kZ 1194 esa pankoj
dk ;q¼ yM+k x;kA ;g ;q¼ pankoj (fiQjkstkckn ds ikl O;k[;k% ps u dq f ja t h (Gluta Travancorica)] vxLR;ekyk
vkèkqfud pankoy) esa vkxjk ds djhc ;equk unh ds rV ij ck;ksLiQh;j fj”koZ ds fy;s ,d LFkkfud çtkfr gS vkSj
gqvk FkkA eksgEen xksjh us bl la?k"kZ esa t;pan dks ijkftr djus 'ksMa uq hZ oU;tho vHk;kj.; dks uke iznku djrh gSA vr% fodYi
ds ckn mls ekj MkykA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA (b) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 35
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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o"kZ 1910 rd] dkWUxzsl laxBu la;qDr çkar (vc mÙkj çns'k)
ds fofHkUu f”kyksa esa iQSy x;k FkkA
o"kZ 1907 esa dV~VjiafFk;ksa ds dkWUxzsl ls ckgj pys tkus ds
ckn o"kZ 1914 esa çFke fo'o ;q¼ 'kq: gksus rd laxBu
ujeiafFk;ksa ds fu;a=k.k esa pyk x;kA
136. (b)
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21] iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 36
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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6Ps dk vFkZ% rSewj%
foHkkx us Nk=kksa vkSj vke turk rd igq¡pus ds fy;s ,d fnYyh lYrur dh nqcZyrk fnYyh ij rSewj ds vkØe.k
bZ&iqLrdky; iksVZy vkSj ^çKku* uked ,d eksckby (1398) ls vkSj Hkh vfèkd gks xbZ FkhA
,fIyds'ku fodflr fd;k gSA rSewj ,d rqdZ Fkk ysfdu paxst ds lkFk •wu ds fj'rs dk nkok
^çoh.k* dk mís'; Nk=kksa dks O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k nsuk vkSj dj ldrk FkkA
mUgsa ukSdfj;ksa ds fy;s rS;kj djuk gSA mlus èkhjs&èkhjs lhfj;k ls Vªkal&vkWfDl;kuk rd vkSj nf{k.kh
^igpku* uke dk ,d vkSj iksVy Z gS ftlesa lHkh ekè;fed :l ls flaèkq dks vius 'kklu ds varxZr ,d lkFk yk;kA
fo|ky;ksa dk ,d oscist gSA Hkkjr esa Nkisekjh ,d izdkj dh ywVekj Fkh vkSj bldk edln
vU; iksVy Z gS&a ^ia•* (dSfj;j dkmalfyax ds fy;s)] ^igqp¡ * fiNys 200 o"kks± esa fnYyh ds lqYrkuksa }kjk tek dh xbZ laifÙk
(Ldwyksa dh eSfiax ds fy;s) vkSj ^ij•* (Ldwyksa dh dks tCr djuk FkkA fnYyh lYrur ds iru ds lkFk] bl
fuxjkuh vkSj xzsfMax ds fy;s)A vkØe.k dk lkeuk djus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA
çkstsDV vyadkj ds ekè;e ls ljdkjh vkSj lgk;rk çkIr
rSewj dh lsuk us fnYyh ds jkLrs esa fofHkUu 'kgjksa dks csjgeh
ls ywV fy;kA fiQj rSewj us fnYyh esa ços'k fd;k vkSj fcuk
dkWystksa dh fjlkslZ eSfiax Hkh 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
fdlh n;k ds mls Hkh ywV fy;kA
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
cM+h la[;k esa yksx] nksuksa fganw vkSj eqfLye] lkFk gh efgykvksa
138. (d)
vkSj cPpksa us viuh tku xaokbZA
O;k[;k% gfj;k.kk ds djuky esa rSewj ds vkØe.k us ,d ckj fiQj ns'k esa de”kksj ljdkj ds
vkbZ-lh-,-vkj-&jk"Vªh; Ms;jh lkeus vkus okys •rjksa dks mtkxj dj fn;kA blds ifj.kkeLo:i
vuqlaèkku laLFkku (NDRI) Hkkjr ls cM+h ek=kk esa èku] lksuk] pkanh] vkHkw"k.k vkfn dh
Ms;jh {ks=k ds çeq• laLFkkuksa esa fudklh gqbZA
ls ,d gS] ftlus Ms;jh m|ksx rSewj vius lkFk cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjrh; dkjhxjksa] tSls jktfeL=kh]
ds fodkl esa cgqr ;ksxnku fn;k iRFkj dkVus okys] c<+bZ vkfn dks Hkh lkFk ys x;kA muesa ls
gS vkSj vius fujarj vuqlaèkku dqN us mldh jktèkkuh lejdan esa dbZ csgrjhu bekjrsa cukus
ds lkFk nwèk mRiknu esa Hkkjr esa mldh enn dhA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ds fodkl esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk 140. (b)
fuHkkbZ gSA vr% fodYi (d)
lgh gSA O;k[;k% fp'rh%
fN;kuos o"kks± ls vfèkd iqjkuh NDRI dh ijaijk bEihfj;y lwiQh larksa dh njxkg ij dh xbZ ft;kjr laiw.kZ bLykeh
baLVhVÔwV iQkWj ,fuey glcsaMjh ,aM Ms;jh ls 'kq: gksrh gS] txr esa çpfyr gSA bl volj ij lar ds vkè;kfRed
ftls o"kZ 1923 esa Ms;jh f'k{kk ds dsaæ ds :i esa cSaxyksj vk'khokZn ;kuh cjdr dh dkeuk dh tkrh gSA fiNys lkr lkS
esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA o"kks± ls vyx&vyx laçnk;ksa] oxks± vkSj leqnk;ksa ds yksx ik¡p
Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; Ms;jh vuqlaèkku
egku fp'rh larksa dh njxkg ij viuh vkLFkk çdV djrs jgs
laLFkku (NDRI)] djuky (gfj;k.kk) dh 100oha o"kZxk¡B gSaA buesa lcls vfèkd iwtuh; njxkg [ok”kk eqbuqíhu dh
gS] ftUgsa ^xjhc uokt* dgk tkrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
lekjksg dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA
fp'rh laçnk; dh ,d vkSj fo'ks"krk la;e vkSj lknxh dk
139. (d)
thou FkkA ftlesa lÙkk ls nwj jgus ij cy fn;k tkrk Fkk fdarq
O;k[;k% ulh#íhu egewn us 1394 ls 1412 rd fnYyh lYrur bldk eryc ;g ugha Fkk fd jktuhfrd lÙkk ls vyxko dk
ij 'kklu fd;kA Hkko j•k tk,A
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 37
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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lÙkkèkkjh fof'k"V oxZ vxj fcuk ekaxs vuqnku ;k HksaV nsrk Fkk 143. (c)
rks lwiQh lar mls Lohdkj djrs FksA lqYrkuksa us •kudkgksa dks
dj eqDr (buke) Hkwfe vuqnku esa nh vkSj nku lacaèkh U;kl O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh igyh Lok;Ùk usfoxs'ku lqfoèkk] frgku dk
LFkkfir fd;sA vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- gSnjkckn ifjlj esa dsaæh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh
fp'rh udn vkSj oLrq ds :i esa nku Lohdkj djrs Fks
jkT; ea=kh ftrsaæ flag }kjk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;kA vr% fodYi
fdarq budks l¡tksus ds ctk; •kus] diM+s] jgus dh O;oLFkk (c) lgh gSA
vkSj vuq"Bkuksa tSls lek dh egfiQyksa ij iwjh rjg •pZ dj dsaæh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; }kjk ₹130 djksM+ ds
nsrs FksA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA ctV esa fodflr] Lok;Ùk usfoxs'ku ij çkS|ksfxdh uokpkj
141. (b)
gc (TiHAN) ,d cgq&fo"k;d igy gS tks Hkkjr dks Hkfo";
vkSj vxyh ih<+h dh ^LekVZ eksfcfyVh* rduhd esa ,d
O;k[;k% v'kksd ds f'kykys•ksa esa ¶çfrosnd¸ (Prativedakas) oSf'od fnXxt ns'k cuk,xhA
vkSj ¶iqfyluh¸ (Pulisani) dk mYys• gS] tks jktk dks
frgku VsLVcsM jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; nksuksa Lrjksa ij f'k{kk]
turk dh jk; ls voxr djkus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj FksA vr%
m|ksx vkSj vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl ç;ksx'kkykvksa ds chp mPp
dFku 1 lgh gSA
xq.koÙkk okys vuqlaèkku ds fy;s ,d vuwBk eap çnku
vFkZ'kkL=k ds vuqlkj ¶laLFkk¸ tklwlksa dks lanfHkZr djrk gS]
tks ,d LFkku ij rSukr jgrs Fks vkSj ¶lapkj¸] tks ?kwers FksA djsxk] bl çdkj Hkkjr dks Lok;Ùk usfoxs'ku çkS|ksfxfd;ksa
esa ,d oSf'od vxz.kh cuk nsxkA
vFkZ'kkL=k ,d foLr`r ç'kklfud lajpuk dk lq>ko nsrk
gSA xzkeh.k bykdksa dh viuh ppkZ esa dkSfVY; us fliQkfj'k 144. (c)
dh fd jktk dks 800 xk¡oksa dh ,d bdkbZ esa ,d O;k[;k% us'kuy baLVhVÔwV vkWiQ vcZu viQs;lZ (NIUA) DykbesV
¶æks.keq•¸] 200 xk¡oksa dh ,d bdkbZ esa ,d ¶dkoZfVdk¸]
lsaVj iQkWj flVh”k (NIUA C&D;wc)] oYMZ fjlkslZst baLVhVÔwV
800 xk¡oksa dh ,d bdkbZ dks ç'kkflr djus ds fy;s
bafM;k (WRI bafM;k) vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us ¶'kgjh
¶LFkkuh;¸ ds :i esa tkuk tkus okyk eq[;ky; vkSj 10
çÑfr&vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa ds fy;s Hkkjr dk igyk jk"Vªh;
xk¡oksa dh bdkbZ esa ,d ¶laxzg.k¸ LFkkfir djuk pkfg;sA
xBcaèku eap (NbS)¸ ykWUp fd;kA bls iksySaM esa 11osa fo'o
bu ç'kklfud bdkb;ksa ds çHkkjh LFkkfud vkSj xksi FksA xk¡o
LFkkuh; ç'kklu dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ FkhA vr% dFku 2 'kgjh eap ij ykWUp fd;k x;k gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
çÑfr&vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa ds fy;s bafM;k iQksje dk mís';
lgh gSA
,uch,l m|fe;ksa] ljdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj leku fopkjèkkjk
142. (b)
okys laxBuksa dk ,d lewg rS;kj djuk gS] rkfd
O;k[;k% vdcj ds fot; vfHk;ku% fuEufyf•r ds tfj;s 'kgjh çÑfr&vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa dk
foLrkj djus esa enn fey ldsA
o"kZ çkar bu ij fot; çkIr dh
,d lk>k Hkk"kk dks ifjHkkf"kr djuk vkSj ekStwnk ,u-ch-,l-
1560&62 ekyok ckt cgknqj gLr{ksiksa (NbS Interventions) dks c<+kus lfgr LFkkuh;
Lrj ij dk;ks± dks lwfpr djus okys ykHkksa dks laçsf"kr djukA
1568 fpÙkkSM+ jk.kk mn; flag
cgq&fgrèkkjd leUo; ds ekè;e ls fuos'k dks c<+kok nsuk
1576 gYnh?kkVh jk.kk çrki vkSj forj.k ra=k dks e”kcwr djukA
1595 dkaèkkj eqtÝiQj gqlSu fetkZ lwpuk uhfr] ;kstukvksa vkSj ifj;kstuk gLr{ksiksa ds ekè;e
ls Hkkjr esa 'kgjh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k&vkèkkfjr lsokvksa vkSj
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA çÑfr&vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykukA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21] iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 38
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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145. (c) gkyk¡fd MkWDVfju vkWiQ ySIl@O;ixr uhfr (Doctrine of
Lapse) dk Js; ykWMZ MygkSth dks fn;k tkrk gS] ysfdu og
O;k[;k% Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu%
blds çorZd ugha FksA
8 vxLr] 1942 dks egkRek xkaèkh us fczfV'k 'kklu dks lekIr
MkWDVfju vkWiQ ySIl esa dgk x;k gS fd nÙkd iq=k vius ikyd
djus dk vkàku fd;k vkSj eqacbZ esa vf•y Hkkjrh; dkWUxzsl
firk dh futh laifÙk dk mÙkjkfèkdkjh rks gks ldrk gS] ysfdu
desVh ds l=k esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA
jkT; dk ughaA ;g vaxzs”kksa dks r; djuk Fkk fd jkT; ij ,d
xkaèkhth us Xokfy;j VSad eSnku esa vius Hkk"k.k esa ¶djks ;k
nÙkd iq=k ds nkos dks Lohdkj fd;k tk;s ;k mldks gM+i dj
ejks¸ dk ukjk fn;k Fkk] ftls vc vxLr Økafr eSnku ds uke
dCtk dj fy;k tk,A
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
fyVu us ^çkmM fj”koZ* (Proud Reserve) dh ,d ubZ
v#.kk vkliQ vyh ftUgsa Lora=krk vkanksyu dh ^xzSaM vksYM
fons'k uhfr 'kq: dh] ftldk mís'; oSKkfud lhekvksa vkSj
ysMh* dgk tkrk gS] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds nkSjku eqacbZ ds
^çHkko ds {ks=kksa* dh j{kk djuk FkkA fyVu ds vuqlkj]
Xokfy;j VSad eSnku esa Hkkjrh; èot iQgjkus ds fy;s tkuh
viQxkfuLrku ds lkFk lacaèkksa dks vc vLi"V ugha NksM+k tk
tkrh gSA
ldrk FkkA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
^Hkkjr NksM+ks* dk ukjk ;qlqiQ esgj vyh }kjk fn;k x;k Fkk]
147. (b)
tks ,d lektoknh vkSj Je la?koknh Fks] ftUgksaus eqacbZ ds es;j
ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k FkkA bUgksaus ¶lkbeu xks cSd¸ dk O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; •k| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e (NFSA) ds fy;s jkT;
ukjk Hkh fn;kA jSafdax lwpdkad] 2013%
Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds nkSjku ns'k ds dqN fgLlksa esa lekukarj tqykbZ 2022 esa] Hkkjr ljdkj ds miHkksDrk ekeys] •k|
ljdkjksa dk mn; gqvkA vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; }kjk NFSA ds fy;s jkT;
fpÙkw ikaMs; us iwohZ mÙkj çns'k ds cfy;k esa igyh lekukarj jSafdax lwpdkad dk igyk laLdj.k tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA
ljdkj dh LFkkiuk dhA mudk tUe mÙkj çns'k ds cfy;k ;g lwpdkad ns'k Hkj esa NFSA ds dk;kZUo;u dh fLFkfr
f”kys ds jÙkwpd xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA mUgsa yksdfç; :i ls vkSj çxfr rFkk jkT;ksa ds ijke'kZ ds ckn fofHkUu lqèkkj
'ksj&,&cfy;k (cfy;k dk 'ksj) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA igyksa dk nLrkosthdj.k djrk gSA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA blesa jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa }kjk fd;s x, lqèkkjksa
146. (b) ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gS rFkk ;g lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj dsæa 'kkflr
çns'kksa }kjk ,d ØkWl&yfu±x okrkoj.k ,oa Ldsy&vi lqèkkj
O;k[;k% okjsu gsfLVaXl us ?ksjs dh uhfr (Ring-Fence Policy) mik;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
dk ikyu fd;k] ftldk mís'; daiuh dh lhekvksa dh j{kk orZeku lwpdkad dkiQh gn rd NFSA forj.k ij dsafær
ds fy;s ,d ciQj ”kksu cukuk FkkA ;g muds {ks=kksa dh lqj{kk gS vkSj blesa Hkfo"; esa •jhnkjh] çèkkuea=kh xjhc dY;k.k
ds fy;s muds iM+ksfl;ksa dh lhekvksa dh j{kk uhfr FkhA okjsu vUu ;kstuk (PMKGAY) forj.k 'kkfey gksaxsA
gsfLVaXl dh ;g uhfr ejkBksa vkSj eSlwj ds f•ykiQ muds ;q¼
lkekU; Js.kh dsjkT;%
esa ifjyf{kr gqbZA
vksfM'kk igys] mÙkj çns'k nwljs vkSj vkaèkz çns'k rhljs LFkku
ykWMZ osys”kyh us lgk;d lafèk (Subsiduary Alliance)
ij gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
ç.kkyh dk ç;ksx fd;kA ;kstuk ds rgr] lac¼ Hkkjrh; jkT;
ds 'kkld dks vius {ks=k ds Hkhrj ,d fczfV'k lsuk dh LFkk;h fo'ks"k Js.kh ds jkT;%
rSukrh dks Lohdkj djus vkSj blds j•&j•ko ds fy;s muds f=kiqjk fo'ks"k Js.kh ds jkT;ksa (iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa] fgeky;h jkT;ksa
•pZ dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy;s etcwj fd;k x;k FkkA cnys esa] vkSj }hi jkT;ksa) esa 'kh"kZ LFkku ij gSA
vaxzs”k 'kkld mlds 'k=kqvksa ls mUgsa lqj{kk çnku djsxs rFkk fgekpy çns'k vkSj flfDde Øe'k% nwljs vkSj rhljs LFkku
lac¼ jkT; ds vkarfjd ekeyksa esa vgLr{ksi dh uhfr viuk,axsA ij gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 39
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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lcls •jkc çn'kZu djus okys jkT;% r{kf'kyk ds 'kkld vkfEHk us mudk xeZtks'kh ls Lokxr fd;kA
iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj fnYyh fuEure çn'kZu djus okys rhu ogk¡ ls fldanj us iksjl dks vkReleiZ.k djus dk lans'k HkstkA
jkT;ksa esa ls gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA ysfdu iksjl us budkj dj fn;k vkSj fldanj ds f•ykiQ yM+us
148. (b) dk iQSlyk fd;kA
rc fldanj us r{kf'kyk ls gkbMLisl (>sye) unh ds rV
O;k[;k% 6 tqykbZ 2022 dks] xwxy us LVkVZ&vIl igy ds fy;s
xwxy ds fgLls ds :i esa LVkVZ&vi Ldwy bafM;k (Startup rd p<+kbZ dhA
School India–SSI) ds ykWUp dh ?kks"k.kk dhA vr% fodYi unh ds nwljh vksj mlus iksjl dh fo'kky lsuk dks ns•kA unh
(b) lgh gSA esa vkbZ Hkkjh ck<+ vkus ds dkj.k fldanj mls ikj ugha dj
ik;kA
dqN fnuksa ds ckn] mlus unh ikj dh vkSj 326 bZlk iwoZ esa
djhZ ds eSnku esa gkbMsLisl dh çfl¼ ;q¼ yM+h xbZA ;g
,d vPNh rjg ls yM+k x;k ;q¼ FkkA
gkyk¡fd iksjl ds ikl ,d e”kcwr lsuk Fkh] ysfdu og ;q¼
gkj x;kA fldanj bl Hkkjrh; jktdqekj ds lkgl vkSj ohjrk
ls çHkkfor gqvkA mlds lkFk mnkjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj fd;k vkSj
mls vius flagklu ij cSBk;kA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
150. (d)
bldk y{; Vh;j 2 vkSj Vh;j 3 'kgjksa esa 10,000 O;k[;k% ckn'kkg vdcj us viuh xgjh nwjnf'kZrk ds lkFk Hkwfe
LVkVZ&vIl dh enn djus ds fy;s ,d O;ofLFkr ikBÔØe dk oxhZdj.k fd;k vkSj izR;sd (oxZ dh tehu) ds fy;s
esa LVkVZ&vi fcfYMax ij çklafxd tkudkjh ,d=k djuk gSA vyx&vyx jktLo fuèkkZfjr fd;kA
;g ,d ,slk IysViQkWeZ gS ftlds rgr xwxy fuos'kdksa] liQy iksyt og Hkwfe Fkh ftlesa ,d ds ckn ,d gj iQly dh
m|fe;ksa vkSj çksxzkelZ dks ,d lkFk yk,xkA blls NksVs 'kgjksa okf"kZd •srh gksrh gS vkSj ftls dHkh •kyh ugha NksM+k tkrk
ls LVkVZ&vi dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj feydj gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
loZJs"B rjhds ls lh•k&vkSj fl•k;k tk ldrk gSA ijkSrh og Hkwfe Fkh ftl ij dqN fnuksa ds fy;s •srh jksd nh
SSI ukS lIrkg dk dk;ZØe gS] tks opZqvy ekè;e ls forfjr tkrh gS rkfd og viuh •ksbZ rkdr okil ik ldsA vr%
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj blesa fiQuVsd] D2C, B2B vkSj B2C dFku 2 lgh gSA
bZ&dkWelZ] Hkk"kk] lks'ky ehfM;k] usVofd±x rFkk tkWc lpZ vkfn ppj og Hkwfe Fkh tks rhu ;k pkj o"kks± rd •kyh jgrh gSA
ds {ks=k esa dk;Z djus okys LVkVZ&vi lg;ksfx;ksa ,oa xwxy ds vr% dFku 3 lgh gSA
yhMlZ ds chp 'kkunkj pkSV dh lqfoèkk gksxhA
catj Hkwfe og tehu Fkh ftl ij ik¡p ;k mlls ”;knk o"kks±
149. (c) ls •srh ugha dh xbZ gksA vr% dFku 4 lgh gSA
O;k[;k% gkbMhLiht dk ;q¼% igys nks çdkj dh Hkwfe dh 3 fdLesa gSa& vPNh] eè;e vkSj
327 bZ-iw- esa fldanj us fganqdq'k ioZr dks ikj dj yxHkx nl fuEuA os gj fdLe dh Hkwfe ds mRikn dks tksM+ nsrs Fks vkSj
ekg tutkfr;ksa ls ;q¼ djrs gq, fcrk;k FkkA mlus iQjojh bldk rhljk fgLlk eè;e mRikn ekuk tkrk Fkk] ftldk ,d
326 bZ-iw- esa ukoksa ds iqy dh enn ls flaèkq unh dks ikj fd;kA frgkbZ fgLlk 'kkgh 'kqYd ekuk tkrk FkkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 21]iwlk jksM] djksy 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV if=kdk IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ Vkoj&2] 40
fnYyh&110009 ckx] ubZ fnYyh pkSjkgk] flfoy ykbUl] iz;kxjkt esu Vksad jksM] olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj
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UP-PCS PRELIMS TEST SERIES-2023
TEST BOOKLET SERIES
ANSWERS
Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers
1 (d) 26 (b) 51 (d) 76 (b) 101 (d) 126 (b)
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 2
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 3
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 4
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 5
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Explanation:
Jainism:
According to Mahavira every element was a
combination of material and spiritual factors. While
the material factor is perishable, the spiritual factor is
external and consistently evolving itself. He held that the
soul was held in a state of bondage due to karma. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
The soul can be released from the bondage by getting rid
of passions. He believed that the soul could be finally
liberated only by the disintegration of Karmik force.
According to him with the decay of the karmas the
intrinsic value of the soul can be highlighted and the soul
shines in full luminosity. When the soul attains infinite
greatness it becomes Paramatma, the pure soul, with
infinite knowledge, power and bliss. The Ahar culture, also known as the Banas culture, is
There were 24 great teachers, the last of whom was Lord a Chalcolithic archaeological culture on the banks of
Mahavira. the Ahar River of south-eastern Rajasthan state in
These twenty-four teachers were called Tirthankaras- India, lasting from 3000 to 1500 BCE, contemporary
people who had attained all knowledge (Moksha) and adjacent to the Indus Valley civilization. Hence,
while living and preached it to the people. option (b) is correct.
The first Tirthankara was Rishabnatha. Hence, Situated along the Banas and Berach Rivers, as well as
statement 2 is correct. the Ahar River, the Ahar–Banas people exploited the
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 6
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 7
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 8
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 9
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 10
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 11
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 12
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Explanation: Explanation:
Anglo-Maratha Struggle for Supremacy: India Innovation Index-2021:
Uttar Pradesh has been ranked 7th in the category of
War Treaty/Description
17 major states in the India Innovation Index-2021
First Anglo- 1. Treaty of Surat (1775)
released by NITI Aayog on 21st July 2022. Hence, option
Maratha War 2. Treaty of Purandhar (1776)
(a) is correct.
(1775–82) 3. Treaty of Salbai (1782)
It was the 3rd edition of NITI Aayog’s India Innovation
Second 1. Treaty of Bassein (1802) with Peshwa.
Index, in this Index states and union territories were
Anglo- 2. Treaty of Deogaon, 1803 with Bhonsle.
classified into the category of 17 major states, 10 north-
Maratha War 3. Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon, 1803 with Scindia.
(1803–05) 4. Treaty of Rajpurghat, 1806 with Holka. eastern and hilly states, and 9 union territories and
city-states for effective comparison of their
Third 1.June 1817, Treaty of Poona, with Peshwa.
performance.
Anglo- 2.November 1817, Treaty of Gwalior, with
In the category of 17 major states, Karnataka is at the
Maratha War Scindia.
(1817–19) 3. January 1818, Treaty of Mandasor, with Holkar. top spot with 18.01 points, while Telangana (17.66
points) is second and Haryana (16.35 points) is third.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
In the category of major states, Uttar Pradesh is at 7th
46. (a) position with 14.22 points, Odisha is 16th with 11.42
points and Chhattisgarh is 17th (last) with 10.97 points.
Explanation:
Manipur topped the north-eastern and hill states
1915 Mahatma Gandhi returns from South Africa category with 19.37 points. Uttarakhand (17.67 points)
1917 Champaran Movement is at the second spot in this category, while Nagaland
(11.00 points) is at the bottom.
1918 Peasant Movements in Kheda (Gujarat), and In the Union Territories and city-states category,
workers movement Chandigarh (27.88 points) has got the top position,
1919 Rowlatt Satyagraha (March-April) while Ladakh (5.91 points) has got the last position.
This Innovation Index has been prepared on the lines
1921 Non-cooperation and Khilafat Movements
of the Global Innovation Index. The first and second
1928 Peasant Movement in Bardoli innovation indices were released in October 2019 and
January 2021 respectively.
1929 “Purna Swaraj” accepted as Congress goal at the
Lahore Congress (December) 48. (a)
1930 Civil Disobedience Movement; Dandi March Explanation:
(March-April)
1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March)
1931 Second Round Table Conference (December)
1935 Government of India Act promises some form
of representative government
1939 Congress Ministries resign
1942 Quit India Movement begins (August)
1946 Mahatma Gandhi visits Noakhali and other riot-
torn areas to stop communal violence
Hence, option (a) is correct.
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Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 15
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 16
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 17
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 18
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 19
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 20
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 21
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 22
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
Explanation: Explanation:
NIRF Rankings 2022: Most Ashokan inscriptions were in the Prakrit language
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras took while those in the northwest of the subcontinent were in
first place with 87.59 marks. The Indian Institute of Aramaic and Greek.
Technology (IIT) Bombay came third with 82.35 points, Most Prakrit inscriptions were written in the Brahmi
and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru came script; however, some, in the northwest, were written in
second with 83.57 ratings. Hence, option (b) is correct. Kharosthi.
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) The Aramaic and Greek scripts were used for
was prepared by the Union Ministry of Education to inscriptions in Afghanistan.
rank higher educational institutions. Across India in Hence, option (d) is correct.
various categories and different subject domains.
NIRF ranking was first released on 16th September 2015 90. (b)
by the Union Ministry of Education.
Explanation:
The NIRF also ranks institutions classified on their
respective domains including, University, Engineering, Sufism:
Management, Pharmacy, College, Medical, Law, Sufis were Muslim mystics. The Sufis often rejected
Architecture, Dental, and Research, besides an Overall the elaborate rituals and codes of behaviour demanded
NIRF Ranking. by Muslim religious scholars. They sought union with
God much as a lover seeks his beloved with a disregard
88. (b) for the world. Hence, statement 1 is NOT correct.
Explanation: They developed elaborate methods of training using
Cost-of-Living Crisis in Developing Countries 2022: zikr (chanting of a name or sacred formula),
“Cost of Living Crisis in Developing Countries” report contemplation, Sama (singing), raqs (dancing),
was Published by the United Nations Development discussion of parables, breath control, etc. under the
Programme. Hence, option (b) is correct. guidance of a master or pir. Thus emerged the Silsila’s,
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Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 25
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 26
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 27
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 28
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 29
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 30
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 31
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 32
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Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
133. (c)
Explanation:
Lucknow University geologist Prof. Dhruv Sen Singh
was selected for the National Geoscience Award
(NGA), 2019, for his outstanding contributions in geo-
environmental studies, including in paleoclimate,
paleoenvironment, climate change, and monsoon
variability using rivers, glaciers, and lakes. Hence, option
(c) is correct.
Prof. Dhruv Sen Singh studied and analysed glacial, It is used to treat the low blood pressure and arthritis.
fluvial, and lacustrine proxies in the Himalayas and Ganga ‘Save Chenkurinji’, a campaign to be implemented in
plain in India, and in the Arctic region. various areas coming under the Achencoil Forest
He has found that the rate of retreat of Gangotri Glacier Division has been launched by the Forest division of
is decreasing from 38m/year in 1970 to 10m/year in Kerala.
2022 and is not in accordance with global warming. It aims to plant thousands of saplings as part of the
He has also worked on the causes and consequences campaign in the ghat sectors of the Kollam and
of Kedarnath tragedy and has analyzed rivers and lakes Pathanamthitta districts of Kerala.
of Ganga Plain for palaeoclimate which explain intense
135. (d)
palaeo-monsoon.
The National Geoscience Award, instituted in 1966, is Explanation:
the highest award in the field of earth sciences and it is United Province Congress Committee:
given by Union Ministry of Mines. The first conference of the Congress Committee of United
Province was started under the Chairmanship of Motilal
134. (b) Nehru. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Explanation: In the Surat split (1907), Motilal Nehru and Madan
Chenkurinji (Gluta travancorica), is a species endemic Mohan Malviya, who were from Uttar Pradesh, supported
to the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve and inspired the moderates.
the name of Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary. Hence, In 1909, the political conference of the provincial
option (b) is correct. Congress was started again under the leadership of
The Anacardiaceae family tree was once abundant in the Motilal Nehru.
hills on the southern parts of Aryankavu Pass, but its By 1910, the Congress organisation had spread to various
presence has been rapidly declining over the years. districts of the United Province (Now Uttar Pradesh).
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Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 37
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur
641, 1st Floor, 21, Pusa Road, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 38
Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi Karol Bagh, New Delhi Civil Lines, Prayagraj Main Tonk Road, Vasundhara Colony, Jaipur